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Bernhard J, Theuring S, van Loon W, Mall MA, Seybold J, Kurth T, Rubio-Acero R, Wieser A, Mockenhaupt FP. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in a Berlin Kindergarten Environment: A Cross-Sectional Study, September 2021. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:405. [PMID: 38671622 PMCID: PMC11049115 DOI: 10.3390/children11040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 serology may be helpful to retrospectively understand infection dynamics in specific settings including kindergartens. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in individuals connected to kindergartens in Berlin, Germany in September 2021. Children, staff, and household members from 12 randomly selected kindergartens were interviewed on COVID-19 history and sociodemographic parameters. Blood samples were collected on filter paper. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S and anti-N antibodies were assessed using Roche Elecsys. We assessed seroprevalence and the proportion of so far unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infections. We included 277 participants, comprising 48 (17.3%) kindergarten children, 37 (13.4%) staff, and 192 (69.3%) household members. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in 65.0%, and 52.7% of all participants were vaccinated. Evidence of previous infection was observed in 16.7% of kindergarten children, 16.2% of staff, and 10.4% of household members. Undiagnosed infections were observed in 12.5%, 5.4%, and 3.6%, respectively. Preceding infections were associated with facemask neglect. In conclusion, two-thirds of our cohort were SARS-CoV-2 seroreactive in September 2021, largely as a result of vaccination in adults. Kindergarten children showed the highest proportion of non-vaccine-induced seropositivity and an increased proportion of previously unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection. Silent infections in pre-school children need to be considered when interpreting SARS-CoV-2 infections in the kindergarten context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bernhard
- Institute of International Health, Charité Center for Global Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.T.); (W.v.L.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Stefanie Theuring
- Institute of International Health, Charité Center for Global Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.T.); (W.v.L.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Welmoed van Loon
- Institute of International Health, Charité Center for Global Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.T.); (W.v.L.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joachim Seybold
- Medical Directorate, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80802 Munich, Germany (A.W.)
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80802 Munich, Germany (A.W.)
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 80779 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank P. Mockenhaupt
- Institute of International Health, Charité Center for Global Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.T.); (W.v.L.); (F.P.M.)
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Zheng Y, Zhang H, Weng Z, He H, Chen W, Zheng M, Chen C, Zheng Y, Xie J, Zheng K, Zhang J, Xie B, Su Z, Zhuang X, Zhou Y, Yu X. Clinical characteristics and predictors of delayed discharge among children with SARS‑CoV‑2 Omicron variant infection. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:29. [PMID: 38259584 PMCID: PMC10801348 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant and determined the risk factors for delayed discharge or release from isolation for pediatric patients in Quanzhou, China in 2022. There were 145, 254 and 23 patients in the asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic and moderately symptomatic categories, respectively. The proportion of pediatric patients in the moderately symptomatic category increased with increasing age. No child aged <1 year and 9.02% of patients aged 13-18 years were in the moderately symptomatic category. The proportion of patients with asymptomatic infection did not differ significantly by vaccination status. The median days until the first negative conversion of viral RNA was 11 days, and the median hospitalization duration was 16 days. Most symptoms appeared in the upper respiratory tract. Notably, ~33.23% of patients showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and lymphocyte counts were consistently lower in asymptomatic patients than those in in symptomatic patients. Adjusted logistic regression analyses indicated that IL-6 levels and time to the first negative conversion of viral RNA were independent risk factors for delayed discharge. The area under the curve of the regression model for predicting delayed discharge was 0.760. In conclusion, these results could facilitate the formulation of global epidemic prevention policies for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyan Weng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Haoyi He
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhuang Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Quanzhou Guangqian Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Chengdi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Youxian Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Kuicheng Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Xibin Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Minnan Science and Technology University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Dalgaard IK, Rask CU, Bilenberg N, Hulgaard DR. Pandemic life in families with health anxiety symptoms, parental perspectives. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2024; 12:23-32. [PMID: 38855577 PMCID: PMC11156484 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The covid-19 pandemic has influenced children and parents worldwide. The pandemic has also been suggested to especially affect and exacerbate health anxiety (HA) symptoms in children and adolescents. However, there is limited understanding of the potential mechanisms challenges of families where parents themselves experience mental health issues such as high degree of HA symptoms. Objective The aim of this study was to explore parental experiences of pandemic life in families with continuously high levels of HA symptoms during the covid-19 pandemic. Method Six parents, identified with high levels of HA symptoms, participated in qualitative individual semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis principles. Results Three main themes emerged. Theme 1) "Anxious children in a pandemic world" explores how pandemic - independent child factors including anxious temperament may have influenced the child pandemic experience. Theme 2) "Parental influences on child anxiety" describes parental reflections on their possible influence on child anxious thoughts. Theme 3) "Living with pandemic guidelines and restrictions" demonstrates the varying parental experiences of interventions and how these may affect HA thoughts. Conclusion Parents who themselves experience HA symptoms see their children, who also experience HA symptoms, to be particularly susceptible and vulnerable to both content and rhetoric of pandemic information. These children may however, experience school lockdown to be anxiety relieving. Parents who themselves have illness-related fears may not see themselves as perpetuating for their child's anxious thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kathrine Dalgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ulrikka Rask
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Roth Hulgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Shmueli E, Bar-On O, Amir B, Mei-Zahav M, Stafler P, Levine H, Steuer G, Rothschild B, Tsviban L, Amitai N, Dotan M, Chodick G, Prais D, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L. Pulmonary Evaluation in Children with Post-COVID-19 Condition Respiratory Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6891. [PMID: 37959356 PMCID: PMC10648595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies on post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in adults have shown deterioration in pulmonary function tests (PFTs), mainly a diffusion limitation. Among the pediatric population, data are scarce. Aim: To characterize PFTs in children with PCC, including changes over time. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of children with defined PCC and respiratory complaints who were referred to a designated multidisciplinary clinic from 11/2020 to 12/2022. Results: Altogether, 184 children with a mean age of 12.4 years (SD 4.06) were included. A mild obstructive pattern was demonstrated in 19/170 (11%) at presentation, as indicated by spirometry and/or positive exercise challenge test and/or reversibility post bronchodilators, only three had a previous diagnosis of asthma. Lung volumes and diffusion were normal in all but one patient (1/134, 0.7%). Exhaled nitric oxide levels were elevated in 32/144 (22%). A total of 33 children who had repeated PFTs had normal or near-normal PFTs on follow-up testing, including seven (21.2%) who had mild obstructive PFTs at presentation. Multivariate analysis identified older age [OR 1.36 (95% CI:1.07-1.75)], specific imaging findings (prominent bronchovascular markings (OR 43.28 (95% CI: 4.50-416.49)), and hyperinflation (OR 28.42, 95% CI: 2.18-370.84)] as significant predictors of an obstructive pattern on PFTs. Conclusions: In children with PCC and respiratory symptoms, the most common impairment was a mild obstructive pattern; most were without a history of asthma. Improvement was witnessed in long-term follow-up. In contrast to the adult population, no diffusion limitation was found. Empirical periodic inhaler therapy may be considered in children with factors associated with PFT abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Shmueli
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Ophir Bar-On
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Ben Amir
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Meir Mei-Zahav
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Patrick Stafler
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Hagit Levine
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Guy Steuer
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Benjamin Rothschild
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Lior Tsviban
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Nofar Amitai
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Miri Dotan
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Dario Prais
- Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; (O.B.-O.); (M.M.-Z.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (L.T.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (B.A.); (G.C.); (L.A.-H.)
- Department of Day Hospitalization, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
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Hantoosh S. COVID-19 infections among Iraqi school students: Severity, types, and symptoms. J Med Life 2023; 16:1552-1560. [PMID: 38313185 PMCID: PMC10835548 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of COVID-19 infections among school students has become a significant and ongoing concern. This study aimed to assess the severity and types of COVID-19 cases and associated symptoms among school students in Iraq. A comprehensive study was conducted by the Public Health Directorate of AL-Muthanna Governorate from November 29, 2020, to February 12, 2021, utilizing RT-PCR-based COVID-19 surveys. The survey included 9,357 students (4,261 male and 5,096 female) and 83 schools. The retrospective analysis of the survey records indicated that male and female students had a mean age of 9.2±1.16 years with notably higher rates of asymptomatic infections than older students. Male students showed lower odds of asymptomatic infection but higher odds of symptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections compared to their female peers, particularly among elementary students. Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of taste and smell, shortness of breath, and muscle pain were significantly associated with COVID-19 infection. Sneezing was significantly associated with a lack of infection. Home nursing by parents and self-care practices have proven to be highly effective in controlling COVID-19 infection among children. These findings highlight the need for age- and gender-specific considerations in COVID-19 prevention and management strategies in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hantoosh
- Department of Science, Open Educational College, Ministry of Education, Samawa, Iraq
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Zhong J, Wang W, Liu S, Chen Y, Xiong H, Meng X, Zhang D, Ma Y. Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1402. [PMID: 37766080 PMCID: PMC10534404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination before delivery for infants against Omicron infection in Guangzhou, China. A test-negative case-control design was conducted. This study selected infants born from 1 November 2021 to 23 November 2022 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 13 April 2022 and 30 November 2022 during outbreaks in Guangzhou. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to compare the maternal vaccination status of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery in cases and controls to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for infants within 12 months. According to eligibility criteria, we finally selected 205 test-positive and 114 test-negative infants, as well as their mothers. The effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among fully vaccinated mothers was 48.4% (7.3% to 71.7%) for infants within 12 months, with the effectiveness of partial and booster vaccination showing no significant difference. Effectiveness for full vaccination presented a slight increase according to infants' age at testing, with 49.6% (-12.3% to 78.4%) for 0-6 months and 59.9% (-0.6% to 84.4%) for over 6 months. A greater protective effect of two-dose vaccination was manifested in infants whose mother had received the second dose during the first trimester (65.9%, 95% CI: 7.7% to 87.9%) of pregnancy rather than preconception (43.5%, 95% CI: -8.7% to 71.1%). Moreover, VE could be improved to 77.1% (11.1% to 95.3%) when mothers received two doses both during pregnancy and 91.8% (41.1% to 99.6%) with receipt of a booster dose during pregnancy. Maternal vaccination with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery was moderately effective against Omicron infection in infants during the first 12 months of life. Full vaccination or a booster dose during pregnancy could confer better protection against Omicron for infants, although it might be overestimated due to the insufficient sample size in subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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Orey FAH, Sodal AM, Mohamoud JH, Garba B, Mohamed IH, Adam MH, Dahie HA, Nur MAS, Dirie NI. Investigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies among the paediatric population in Mogadishu, Somalia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:139-146. [PMID: 36107977 PMCID: PMC9494475 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We undertook this cross-sectional study to determine the level of circulating anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) in children, as well as to evaluate other potential risk factors. METHODS Children attending the outpatient department of the SOS and Benadir Hospitals in Mogadishu from 26 July to 8 August 2021 were selected following parental consent. The children (aged <18 y) were screened using the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapid test lateral flow immune-assay kit. RESULTS Of the 500 children screened for COVID-19, 32 (6.4%) tested positive, out of which 26 (5.2%) had IgG antibodies, while five (1%) had IgM, with the other child (0.2%) having both circulating IgG and IgM antibodies. Also, 46.9% of the COVID-19-positive children were asymptomatic without any clinical signs of the disease. Children aged >6 y and those attending school were the most affected (p=0.002). The most common clinical features among positive children were fever (22.6%), cough (22.2%), shortness of breath (5.8%) and loss of smell (2.6%) and taste (2.2%). Similarly, not wearing a facemask as a preventive measure was found to be a significant risk factor (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that children are at risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. Our study also shows evidence of a high rate of IgG antibodies in school-aged children having close contact with infected adults, in those not wearing facemasks, as well as in those with a family history of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fartun Abdullahi H Orey
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Dr Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
| | - Ali Mohamed Sodal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jazeera University Hospital, Jazeera University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
| | - Jamal Hassan Mohamoud
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto 840212, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohamed Hussein Adam
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
| | - Hassan Abdullahi Dahie
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
| | - Maryan Abdullahi Sh Nur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Department of Urology, Dr Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 00000, Somalia
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Pektaş A, Bükülmez A, Çeleğen M, Eker İ. Rash and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction May Indicate Cardiac Involvement in Children with Multisystem Inflammatory System Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims to investigate the management of children diagnosed with “multisystem inflammatory syndrome” (MIS-C) potentially associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a tertiary health center. This is a retrospective review of 34 children who were diagnosed with MIS-C at the pediatrics department of the study center from August 2021 to December 2021. Data related to age, sex, body mass index, vital findings, laboratory data, clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, and echocardiography findings were acquired from hospital records. Cardiac markers were compared with respect to clinical symptoms and imaging. Fever (91.2%), rash (50%), and abdominal pain (44.1%) were the most observed symptoms. Echocardiography visualized mild mitral regurgitation in 12 patients (35.3%), pericardial effusion in 9 patients (26.5%), and mild coronary dilatation in 9 patients (26.5%). All patients received corticosteroids, whereas acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed in 29 patients (85.3%) and intravenous immunoglobulins were administered in 21 patients (61.8%). Serum probrain natriuretic peptide concentrations were significantly higher in MIS-C patients with rash than those without rash (9,592.2 ± 7,764.5 vs. 1,501.2 ± 1,385.4 pg/mL, p = 0.021). Serum troponin T concentrations were significantly higher in MIS-C patients with ileitis than those without ileitis (0.026 ± 0.024 vs. 0.008 ± 0.003 µg/L, p = 0.013). Serum troponin T concentrations were also significantly higher in MIS-C patients with pericardial effusion than those without pericardial effusion (0.022 ± 0.020 vs. 0.008 ± 0.007 µg/L, p = 0.036). The presence of rash and sonographic visualization of ileitis might act as signs for cardiac involvement in children exposed to COVID-19. To assess the cardiac involvement in MIS-C patients, cardiac enzymes should be measured and echocardiography examination should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Pektaş
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Bükülmez
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çeleğen
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Eker
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Pozdnyak VA, Khaliullina SV, Anokhin VA. Gastrointestinal tract lesion in children with COVID-19: from pathogenesis to clinical manifestations. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2022. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-5-123-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the pandemic, the new coronavirus infection has been regarded primarily as a respiratory disease. By now, it has become obvious that COVID-19 is a systemic infectious process with multiple organ damage. Having affinity for ACE-2 receptors, the virus can infect the cells of the respiratory tract, as well as the cells of the cardiovascular and nervous systems and smooth muscle structures of various organs. Expression of ACE-2 by enterocytes of the small intestine makes the gastrointestinal tract vulnerable in COVID-19 disease and leads to the manifestation of symptoms of gastrointestinal damage, which is often observed in clinical practice. Gastrointestinal symptoms usually include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, which can occur both at the onset and during the disease. Several mechanisms are described to explain these changes in COVID-19.
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Barroso E, Tuta-Quintero E, Olivella J, Aragón C, Vásquez L, Acosta L, Pinzón O, Pantoja CA, Collazos E, Ascanio YP, Morales VDCDR, Kuan JC, Velásquez LA, Díaz YN, Pimentel J. Guillain Barré syndrome in the paediatric population. Consequence of active infection or long Covid? REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE REUMATOLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 29:335-346. [PMCID: PMC9896174 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcreue.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
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11
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Tehseen S, Williams S, Robinson J, Morris SK, Bitnun A, Gill P, Tal TE, Yeh A, Yea C, Ulloa‐Gutierrez R, Brenes‐Chacon H, Yock‐Corrales A, Ivankovich‐Escoto G, Soriano‐Fallas A, Papenburg J, Lefebvre M, Scuccimarri R, Nateghian A, Aski BH, Dwilow R, Bullard J, Cooke S, Restivo L, Lopez A, Sadarangani M, Roberts A, Forbes M, Saux NL, Bowes J, Purewal R, Lautermilch J, Bayliss A, Wong JK, Leifso K, Foo C, Panetta L, Kakkar F, Piche D, Viel‐Theriault I, Merckx J, Lieberman L. Thrombosis and hemorrhage experienced by hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C: Results of the PICNIC registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29793. [PMID: 35689507 PMCID: PMC9350140 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are well defined in hospitalized adults and leads to adverse outcomes. Pediatric studies are limited. METHODS An international multicentered (n = 15) retrospective registry collected information on the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in hospitalized children from February 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021. This sub-study focused on coagulopathy. Study variables included patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, hospital course, laboratory parameters, management, and outcomes. RESULTS Nine hundred eighty-five children were enrolled, of which 915 (93%) had clinical information available; 385 (42%) had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 288 had MIS-C (31.4%), and 242 (26.4%) had SARS-CoV-2 identified incidentally. Ten children (1%) experienced thrombosis, 16 (1.7%) experienced hemorrhage, and two (0.2%) experienced both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Significantly prevalent prothrombotic comorbidities included congenital heart disease (p-value .007), respiratory support (p-value .006), central venous catheter (CVC) (p = .04) in children with primary SARS-CoV-2 and in those with MIS-C included respiratory support (p-value .03), obesity (p-value .002), and cytokine storm (p = .012). Comorbidities prevalent in children with hemorrhage included age >10 years (p = .04), CVC (p = .03) in children with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and in those with MIS-C encompassed thrombocytopenia (p = .001) and cytokine storm (p = .02). Eleven patients died (1.2%), with no deaths attributed to thrombosis or hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Thrombosis and hemorrhage are uncommon events in children with SARS-CoV-2; largely experienced by those with pre-existing comorbidities. Understanding the complete spectrum of coagulopathy in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection requires ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tehseen
- Department of Laboratory medicine and PediatricsUniversity of Saskatchewan, SHASaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Suzan Williams
- Division of Hematology OncologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joan Robinson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Shaun K. Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ari Bitnun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tala El Tal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ann Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Carmen Yea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Rolando Ulloa‐Gutierrez
- Department of PediatricsHospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,” Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Helena Brenes‐Chacon
- Department of PediatricsHospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,” Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Adriana Yock‐Corrales
- Department of PediatricsHospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,” Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Gabriela Ivankovich‐Escoto
- Department of PediatricsHospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,” Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Alejandra Soriano‐Fallas
- Department of PediatricsHospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,” Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- Department of PediatricsMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | | | - Alireza Nateghian
- Department of PediatricsIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Rachel Dwilow
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Jared Bullard
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Suzette Cooke
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Lea Restivo
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Alison Lopez
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada,Vaccine Evaluation CenterBC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ashley Roberts
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Michelle Forbes
- Department of PediatricsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Nicole Le Saux
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jennifer Bowes
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rupeena Purewal
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Janell Lautermilch
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Ann Bayliss
- Department of PediatricsTrillium Health PartnersMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Kirk Leifso
- Department of PediatricsQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Cheryl Foo
- Department of PediatricsMemorial UniversitySt John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Luc Panetta
- Department of PediatricsUniversitie du MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Fatima Kakkar
- Department of PediatricsUniversitie du MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Dominique Piche
- Department of PediatricsDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | - Joanna Merckx
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Lani Lieberman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
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Cortés-Sarabia K, Cruz-Rangel A, Flores-Alanis A, Salazar-García M, Jiménez-García S, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Rodríguez-Téllez RI, Patiño-López G, Parra-Ortega I, Del Moral-Hernández O, Illades-Aguiar B, Klünder-Klünder M, Márquez-González H, Chávez-López A, Luna-Pineda VM. Clinical features and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 structural protein-based serology of Mexican children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273097. [PMID: 35969583 PMCID: PMC9377623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 infection in children and adolescents primarily causes mild or asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and severe illness is mainly associated with comorbidities. However, the worldwide prevalence of COVID-19 in this population is only 1%–2%. In Mexico, the prevalence of COVID-19 in children has increased to 10%. As serology-based studies are scarce, we analyzed the clinical features and serological response (SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins) of children and adolescents who visited the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (October 2020–March 2021). The majority were 9-year-old children without comorbidities who were treated as outpatients and had mild-to-moderate illness. Children aged 6–10 years and adolescents aged 11–15 years had the maximum number of symptoms, including those with obesity. Nevertheless, children with comorbidities such as immunosuppression, leukemia, and obesity exhibited the lowest antibody response, whereas those aged 1–5 years with heart disease had the highest levels of antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain-localized peptides and M and E proteins had the best antibody response. In conclusion, Mexican children and adolescents with COVID-19 represent a heterogeneous population, and comorbidities play an important role in the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
| | - Armando Cruz-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Alejandro Flores-Alanis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Samuel Jiménez-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Juan Pablo Reyes-Grajeda
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Rosa Isela Rodríguez-Téllez
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Subdirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Horacio Márquez-González
- Investigación Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Adrián Chávez-López
- Departamento de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
| | - Victor M. Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City (Ciudad de México), México
- * E-mail:
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Filippatos F, Tatsi EB, Michos A. Post‑COVID‑19 syndrome in children (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:609. [PMID: 36160884 PMCID: PMC9468832 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of symptoms for a long time after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is now familiar as post-COVID syndrome (PCS). To the best of our knowledge, the risk of long-term clinical outcomes in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. Unlike in adults, current evidence suggests a lower prevalence of persistent symptoms in children. However, since several studies are characterized by great heterogeneity, it is difficult to accurately estimate the exact incidence of PCS in children. The presence and course of recovery depend on risk factors that are more common in adults than children. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms in PCS in children include age-dependent immune responses, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, blood-brain barrier development or social issues affecting children behavior, such as school closure and social isolation. However, further longitudinal studies are required for unanswered issues to be clarified. The aim of the present review is to describe the long-term symptoms per biological system in children, potential risk factors and the role of the immune system in the presence of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Filippatos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- University Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Síndrome de Guillain Barré en población pediátrica. ¿Consecuencia de la infección activa o de la covid prolongada? REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE REUMATOLOGÍA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9364671 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcreu.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introducción El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es una polirradiculoneuropatía que se ha asociado con enfermedades infecciosas como desencadenantes. En la actualidad es escasa la evidencia médica que explore la relación entre el desarrollo del síndrome de Guillain-Barré causado por la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y la COVID prolongada. Objetivo Sintetizar la evidencia médica que describe la relación entre el síndrome pos-COVID y el síndrome de Guillain-Barré en la población pediátrica. Metodología Se realizó una revisión exploratoria utilizando las bases de datos de Scopus y PubMed, incluyendo estudios experimentales y observacionales analíticos o descriptivos. Resultados Las principales manifestaciones clínicas presentadas por los pacientes fueron debilidad distal y ascendente en miembros inferiores y mialgias. El enfoque diagnóstico se apoyó en los hallazgos clínicos, hallazgos imagenológicos por resonancia magnética de columna y electromiografía. La estrategia terapéutica se basó en el uso de inmunoglobulinas humanas intravenosas. Conclusión El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es una enfermedad frecuente en la población pediátrica con infección activa por SARS-CoV-2 o en sobrevivientes, sin embargo, es necesario incentivar el desarrollo de estudios clínicos que incrementen la literatura médica que describe esta asociación.
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Petrella C, Nenna R, Petrarca L, Tarani F, Paparella R, Mancino E, Di Mattia G, Conti MG, Matera L, Bonci E, Ceci FM, Ferraguti G, Gabanella F, Barbato C, Di Certo MG, Cavalcanti L, Minni A, Midulla F, Tarani L, Fiore M. Serum NGF and BDNF in Long-COVID-19 Adolescents: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051162. [PMID: 35626317 PMCID: PMC9140550 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19) is an infectious disease also known as an acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Although in children and adolescents SARS-CoV-2 infection produces mostly mild or moderate symptoms, in a certain percentage of recovered young people a condition of malaise, defined as long-COVID-19, remains. To date, the risk factors for the development of long-COVID-19 are not completely elucidated. Neurotrophins such as NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) and BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) are known to regulate not only neuronal growth, survival and plasticity, but also to influence cardiovascular, immune, and endocrine systems in physiological and/or pathological conditions; to date only a few papers have discussed their potential role in COVID-19. In the present pilot study, we aimed to identify NGF and BDNF changes in the serum of a small cohort of male and female adolescents that contracted the infection during the second wave of the pandemic (between September and October 2020), notably in the absence of available vaccines. Blood withdrawal was carried out when the recruited adolescents tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2 (“post-infected COVID-19”), 30 to 35 days after the last molecular test. According to their COVID-19 related outcomes, the recruited individuals were divided into three groups: asymptomatics, acute symptomatics and symptomatics that over time developed long-COVID-19 symptoms (“future long-COVID-19”). As a control group, we analyzed the serum of age-matched healthy controls that did not contract the infection. Inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, TGF-β), MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12) were also analyzed with the free oxygen radicals’ presence as an oxidative stress index. We showed that NGF serum content was lower in post-infected-COVID-19 individuals when compared to healthy controls; BDNF levels were found to be higher compared to healthy individuals only in post-infected-COVID-19 symptomatic and future long-COVID-19 girls, leaving the BDNF levels unchanged in asymptomatic individuals if compared to controls. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were unchanged in male and female adolescents, except for TGF-β that, similarly to BDNF, was higher in post-infected-COVID-19 symptomatic and future long-COVID-19 girls. We predicted that NGF and/or BDNF could be used as early biomarkers of COVID-19 morbidity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Francesca Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Roberto Paparella
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Enrica Mancino
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Greta Di Mattia
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Matera
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Enea Bonci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (F.M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (F.M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (F.M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesca Gabanella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Luca Cavalcanti
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (L.P.); (F.T.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (L.M.); (F.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Leow OMY, Aoyama R, Chan SM. The evolution of severity of paediatric COVID-19 in Singapore: Vertical transmission and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2022; 51:115-118. [PMID: 35224609 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Min Yi Leow
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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17
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Niño-Serna LF, López-Barón E, Maya Ángel IC, Tamayo-Múnera C. Clinical Characteristics of Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Hospital in Latin America. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:921880. [PMID: 35757135 PMCID: PMC9218196 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.921880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 infections have shown a different behavior in children than in adults. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients seen at a reference hospital in Colombia. METHOD A descriptive, observational study in patients under the age of 18 years with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR or antigen) between April 2020 and March 2021. Multiple variables were studied, including demographic data, clinical characteristics, lab measurements, treatments administered, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. RESULTS A total of 361 patients were included of whom 196 (54%) were males. The median age was 3 years. Of all the patients, 65 (18%) were asymptomatic. The majority of patients had no comorbidities (n = 225, 76%). In those who were symptomatic (n = 296, 82%), the most frequent complaints were fever (n = 178, 60%), nasal congestion (n = 164, 55%) and cough (n = 149, 50%). Chest x-rays were normal in 73 patients (50%). When abnormalities were found, interstitial (29%) and alveolar (12%) patterns were the most prevalent. One hundred and fifty-seven children (53%) required general ward hospitalization, and 24 patients (8%) required pediatric intensive care admission. The global mortality was 0.8% (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS The majority of cases were asymptomatic or mild. However, a significant percentage of patients required general ward admission, and some even required intensive care. The main symptom of COVID-19 infections in newborns was apnea. A second COVID-19 RT-PCR may be necessary to detect infections in critically ill patients with a high clinical suspicion of the disease if an initial test was negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Niño-Serna
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eliana López-Barón
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
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18
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Sánchez-Serrano N, Mielgo-Ayuso J, García-Hernández JL, González-Bernal JJ, Seco-Calvo J. Long COVID a New Derivative in the Chaos of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Emergent Pandemic? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245799. [PMID: 34945095 PMCID: PMC8708091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem illness caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can manifest with a multitude of symptoms in the setting of end-organ damage, though it is predominantly respiratory. However, various symptoms may remain after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this condition is referred to as "Long COVID" (LC). Patients with LC may develop multi-organ symptom complex that remains 4-12 weeks after the acute phase of illness, with symptoms intermittently persisting over time. The main symptoms are fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction, and limitation of functional capacity. Pediatric patients developed the main symptoms of LC like those described in adults, although there may be variable presentations of LC in children. The underlying mechanisms of LC are not clearly known, although they may involve pathophysiological changes generated by virus persistence, immunological alterations secondary to virus-host interaction, tissue damage of inflammatory origin and hyperactivation of coagulation. Risk factors for developing LC would be female sex, more than five early symptoms, early dyspnea, previous psychiatric disorders, and alterations in immunological, inflammatory and coagulation parameters. There is currently no specific treatment for LC, but it could include pharmacological treatments to treat symptoms, supplements to restore nutritional, metabolic, and gut flora balance, and functional treatments for the most disabling symptoms. In summary, this study aims to show the scientific community the current knowledge of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Nerea Sánchez-Serrano
- Microbiology Unit of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.-A.); (J.J.G.-B.)
| | - Juan Luis García-Hernández
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jerónimo J. González-Bernal
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.-A.); (J.J.G.-B.)
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, Basque Country University, 48930 Leioa, Spain
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