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Liu JL, Chen LJ, Liu Y, Li JH, Zhang KK, Hsu C, Li XW, Yang JZ, Chen L, Zeng JH, Xie XL, Wang Q. The gut microbiota contributes to methamphetamine-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116457. [PMID: 38754198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug belonging to the amphetamine-type stimulant class, known to exert male reproductive toxicity. Recent studies suggest that METH can disrupt the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the gut-testis axis concept has gained attention due to the potential link between gut microbiome dysfunction and reproductive health. Nonetheless, the role of the gut microbiota in mediating the impact of METH on male reproductive toxicity remains unclear. In this study, we employed a mouse model exposed to escalating doses of METH to assess sperm quality, testicular pathology, and reproductive hormone levels. The fecal microbiota transplantation method was employed to investigate the effect of gut microbiota on male reproductive toxicity. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, and microbiological analyses were conducted to explore the damage mechanism to the male reproductive system caused by METH. We found that METH exposure led to hormonal disorders, decreased sperm quality, and changes in the gut microbiota and testicular metabolome in mice. Testicular RNA sequencing revealed enrichment of several Gene Ontology terms associated with reproductive processes, as well as PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. FMT conveyed similar reproductive damage from METH-treated mice to healthy recipient mice. The aforementioned findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays a substantial role in facilitating the reproductive toxicity caused by METH, thereby highlighting a prospective avenue for therapeutic intervention in the context of METH-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Clare Hsu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian-Zheng Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Long Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Alasmari A, Alhejaili A, Alharbi H, Alzahrani M, Zughaibi T. Challenges and insights: Methamphetamine analysis in post-mortem putrefied human tissues in a hot climate. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101990. [PMID: 38384477 PMCID: PMC10879005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The production and distribution of methamphetamine (meth) is often associated with illegal and clandestine laboratories, posing significant challenges for law enforcement and public health efforts. Global concern is growing over meth-related fatalities, as its high potential for abuse and detrimental impact on health make it an important issue in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. This concern has notably increased in Saudi Arabia, where the hot climate adds complexity to the analysis due to challenges posed by putrefaction. There is still an urgent need to enhance the screening capabilities of many toxicology laboratories to determine the cause of death, whether it be due to drug use or natural causes. Aim This research aimed to investigate meth concentrations in post-mortem putrefied human solid tissues in a hot climate and comparing meth metabolite concentrations in cases where signs of putrefaction were observed versus those with no signs of putrefaction. The objective is to assist criminal investigations by analyzing meth and its metabolite concentrations. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved postmortem samples from human subjects during autopsies conducted between 2016 and 2022. It focused on analyzing meth and its metabolite concentrations using LC-MS/MS analysis. Data on demographics, medical history, age, location, putrefaction, and other drug use were retrieved from medical records. Results Out of the 27 reported samples of meth and its metabolite amphetamine in both putrefied and non-putrefied biological fluids and tissues, only 8 (30%) exhibited signs of putrefaction between 2016 and 2022. Despite decomposition, detectable concentrations of meth and amphetamine were sufficient to determine the cause of death and the source of amphetamines. Conclusion This study found no significant difference in concentrations between putrefied and non-putrefied cases, underscoring the importance of multiple sample testing during autopsy for accurate interpretation. Each case is unique and must be considered individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alasmari
- Special Toxicological Analysis Unit, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine DPLM, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhejaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alharbi
- Poison Control and Forensic Chemistry Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 21176, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Torki Zughaibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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He J, Wang R, Li J, Jiang X, Zhou C, Liu J. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the aggressive behavior in methamphetamine addicts. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:364-371. [PMID: 37406500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior of drug addicts threatens human security and social stability, and Methamphetamine (MA) addicts show especially aggressive behavior. Researches showed that the decreased activity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is closely related to violence and aggression, and continuous transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on DLPFC can increase the activity of this position. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tDCS on DLPFC for the aggressive behavior of MA addicts. Ninety MA addicts were recruited and randomly divided into anodal tDCS group, cathode tDCS group and sham tDCS group (current intensity was set as 2 mA, 2 mA and 0 mA, respectively). The tDCS intervention was conducted twice a day for five consecutive days. Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) was used to measure the proactive aggressiveness and reactive aggressiveness of MA addicts at different time points (Pretest, Day 1, and Day 5). At the same time, we also recruited 30 healthy adult males as healthy controls, and measured their aggressiveness through TAP for comparative analysis. The results showed that the aggressiveness of MA addicts was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. The aggressiveness of MA addicts was effectively reduced by the anode intervention of tDCS on the left DLPFC, especially when they were subjected to high-intensity provocation, the 2-way interaction between time and tDCS group was statistically significant (F4,164 = 2.939, P = 0.022, ηp2 = 0.067). This study can provide a reference for how to correct the aggressive behavior of MA addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen He
- College of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rufang Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- College of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Drug Rehabilitation Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Guo W, Gu Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Sun Q. Characteristics and associated factors of violence in male patients with schizophrenia in China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1106950. [PMID: 36970285 PMCID: PMC10036402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and associated factors of violence in male patients with schizophrenia in China.MethodsA total of 507 male patients with schizophrenia were recruited, including 386 non-violent and 121 violent patients. The socio-demographic information and medical history of the patients were collected. Psychopathological characteristics, personality traits psychopathology, and factors related to risk management were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the History of Violence, Clinical, Risk Assessment Scale (HCR-20), and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), as appropriate. Differences in these factors were compared between the violent and non-violent patients, and logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for violence in male patients with schizophrenia.ResultsThe results showed that the violent group had a lower level of education, longer duration of illness, as well as a higher rate of hospitalization, history of suicidal attempts, and history of alcohol compared with the non-violent group. The violent group scored higher in items of symptoms in BPRS, personality traits and psychopathy in PCL-R, and risk management in HCR-20. The regression analysis showed that previous suicidal behavior (OR = 2.07,95% CI [1.06-4.05], P = 0.033), antisocial tendency in PCL-R (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.01-1.45], P = 0.038), H2: young age at violent incident (OR = 6.39, 95% CI [4.16-9.84], P < 0.001), C4: impulsivity (OR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.20-2.59], P = 0.004), and H3: relationship instability (OR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.08-2.37], P = 0.019) in HCR-20 were risk factors of violence among male patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe present study found significant differences in socio-demographic information, history of treatment, and psychopathy characteristics between male patients with schizophrenia who had engaged in violent behaviors and their non-violent counterparts in China. Our findings suggested the necessity of individualized treatment for male patients with schizophrenia who had engaged in violent behaviors as well as the use of both HCR-20 and PCL-R for their assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaoling Sun,
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Evaluation of Adenosine A2A receptor gene polymorphisms as risk factors of methamphetamine use disorder susceptibility and predictors of craving degree. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114790. [PMID: 35987070 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays vital roles in drug addiction. In this study, we aimed to explore the susceptibility of ADORA2A to methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and the craving degree based on a two-stage association analysis. A total of 3,542 (1,216 patients with MUD and 2,326 controls) and 1,740 participants (580 patients with MUD and 1,160 controls) were recruited in discovery and replication stage, respectively. Significant SNPs identified in the discovery stage were genotyped in the replication samples. Serum levels of ADORA2A were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The genetic association signal of each SNP was examined using Plink. A linear model was fitted to investigate the relationship between craving scores and genotypes of significant SNPs. SNP rs5751876 was significantly associated with MUD in the discovery samples and this association signal was then further replicated in the replication samples. Significant associations were also identified between serum levels of ADORA2A and the genotypes of rs5751876 (P = 0.0002). The craving scores in patients with MUD were strongly correlated with rs5751876 genotypes. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of the ADORA2A gene could affect the susceptibility to MUD and its craving degree.
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Elison-Davies S, Newsome J, Jones A, Davies G, Ward J. Associations between psychosocial risk factors, and changes in substance dependence and psychosocial functioning, during engagement with digital cognitive behavioral therapy for methamphetamine use: use of 'Breaking Free from Substance Abuse' by incarcerated people during the COVID-19 pandemic. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 36070026 PMCID: PMC9449936 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use can be associated with involvement with correctional services and incarceration. Traditionally, treatments for methamphetamine use have been delivered in-person - however, lockdowns initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced access to such in-person support in prisons. Therefore, in May 2020 a digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for substance use disorders - 'Breaking Free from Substance Abuse' - was made available across prisons in Ohio in order to meet this treatment gap. This represents the first time this digital CBT intervention has been made widely available to incarcerated people residing in prisons or jails in the United States (US). This was a within-subjects study using data from 2187 Ohio prison residents who engaged with this digital CBT program to address their methamphetamine use. RESULTS Participants reported multiple psychosocial risk factors, including moderate to severe substance dependence, depression and anxiety; interpersonal conflict; aggressive behavior; paranoia; and difficulties with work, education and accommodation. Significant reductions in substance dependence, depression/anxiety and biopsychosocial impairment, and improvements in quality of life, were identified in the sample. Risk factors were associated with less positive outcomes, specifically interpersonal conflict and poor mental health. Completion of specific components of the program were associated with more positive outcomes - a dose response was also identified. CONCLUSIONS Digital CBT can be delivered in secure US correctional settings and may help to fill unmet needs for in-person treatment. Specifically, this digital CBT program may support incarcerated individuals to address methamphetamine use, with outcomes being associated with psychosocial risk factors and program engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Jones
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glyn Davies
- LifeWorks, Manchester Science Park, Manchester, UK
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Li X, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Lu Y, Zhou C, Wang H. Behavioral and Brain Reactivity Associated With Drug-Related and Non-Drug-Related Emotional Stimuli in Methamphetamine Addicts. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:894911. [PMID: 35814947 PMCID: PMC9263505 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.894911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMethamphetamine addicts can experience severe emotional processing disorders, with abnormal responses to emotional and drug-related stimuli. These aberrant behaviors are one of the key factors leading to relapse. Nevertheless, the characteristics of addicts’ responses to drug-related stimuli and their responses to emotional stimuli remain controversial.Methods52 methamphetamine addicts from China passively viewed three different categories of images: Drug-related; positive emotional; and negative emotional. In the first task, participants completed a 9-point Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale, rating the valence of each image. In the second, they performed a cued-action task while electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded.ResultDrug-related images were rated negatively, with an average rating of 3.57. However, reaction times to drug-related stimuli were significantly faster than for negative stimuli (p = 0.030), and were indistinguishable from positive stimuli (p > 0.99). Similarly, EPN amplitudes evoked by drug-related images were significantly larger than those evoked by negative stimuli (p < 0.001), but no different than positive stimuli (p > 0.99). LPP amplitudes evoked by drug-related stimuli were significantly smaller than those evoked by negative (p < 0.001) and positive stimuli (p = 0.004).ConclusionDespite negative self-assessments of drug-related imagery, MA-addicts reaction times were no slower than positive reactions. Similarly, drug-related and positive imagery EPN amplitudes were indistinguishable. Together, these results suggest increased attentional resources were allocated to the processing of drug-related stimuli and the pathways responsible partially overlap with the those recruited in processing positive emotional imagery in addicts. Moreover, in the late stage of visual processing, MA-addicts showed reduced brain activity in response to drug-related stimuli, suggesting reverse inhibition in response preparation and emotional appraisal. These findings may provide a reference for clinicians treating drug-taking behavior and for the development of new models of rehabilitation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbiao Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbiao Wang,
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Xiao J, Ma Y, Wang X, Wang C, Li M, Liu H, Han W, Wang H, Zhang W, Wei H, Zhao L, Zhang T, Lin H, Guan F. The Vulnerability to Methamphetamine Dependence and Genetics: A Case-Control Study Focusing on Genetic Polymorphisms at Chromosomal Region 5q31.3. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870322. [PMID: 35669261 PMCID: PMC9163382 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (METH) is a central nervous psychostimulant and one of the most frequently used illicit drugs. Numerous genetic loci that influence complex traits, including alcohol abuse, have been discovered; however, genetic analyses for METH dependence remain limited. An increased histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression has been detected in Fos-positive neurons in the dorsomedial striatum following withdrawal after METH self-administration. Herein, we aimed to systematically investigate the contribution of HDAC3 to the vulnerability to METH dependence in a Han Chinese population. METHODS In total, we recruited 1,221 patients with METH dependence and 2,328 age- and gender-matched controls. For genotyping, we selected 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within ± 3 kb regions of HDAC3. The associations between genotyped genetic polymorphisms and the vulnerability to METH dependence were examined by single marker- and haplotype-based methods using PLINK. The effects of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) on targeted gene expressions were investigated using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. RESULTS The SNP rs14251 was identified as a significant association signal (χ2 = 9.84, P = 0.0017). An increased risk of METH dependence was associated with the A allele (minor allele) of rs14251 [odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.09-1.43)]. The results of in silico analyses suggested that SNP rs14251 could be a potential eQTL signal for FCHSD1, PCDHGB6, and RELL2, but not for HDAC3, in various human tissues. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that genetic polymorphism rs14251 located at 5q31.3 was significantly associated with the vulnerability to METH dependence in Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitian Ma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changqing Wang
- Department of Health Science, Chang'an Drug Rehabilitation Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haobiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longrui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huali Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen LJ, He JT, Pan M, Liu JL, Zhang KK, Li JH, Wang LB, Xu LL, Chen YK, Zhang QY, Li DR, Xu JT, Xie XL. Antibiotics Attenuate Methamphetamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR4/MyD88/Traf6 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716703. [PMID: 34381368 PMCID: PMC8350338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a major psychostimulant drug of abuse worldwide, and its neurotoxicity has been studied extensively. In addition to neurotoxicity, METH can also induce hepatotoxicity. The underlying mechanism of intestinal microorganisms in METH-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, mice have received antibiotics intragastrically or PBS once each day for 1 week, followed by METH or saline. The antibiotics attenuated METH-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by histopathological observation and biochemical analysis; furthermore, they alleviated METH-induced oxidative stress. The effect of antibiotics on METH-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The RNA-seq results demonstrated that antibiotics could regulate 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 319 were upregulated after METH treatment and then downregulated with antibiotic pretreatment and 237 were first downregulated after METH administration and then upregulated after antibiotic pretreatment, in addition to 11 upregulated and 13 downregulated ones simultaneously in METH and antibiotic-pretreated groups. RNA-seq analyses revealed that TLR4 is one of the hub genes. Western blot analysis indicated that antibiotics inhibited the increase of TLR4, MyD88 and Traf6 induced by METH. This research suggests that antibiotics may play an important role in preventing METH-induced liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and TLR4/MyD88/Traf6 axis, though further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Tao He
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Yao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ri Li
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Raftery D, Kelly PJ, Deane FP, Carter G, Dean OM, Lubman DI, Turner A, McKetin R. Cognitive insight, medication adherence and methamphetamine cessation in people enrolled in a pharmacotherapy trial for methamphetamine use. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 130:108473. [PMID: 34118709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined correlates of cognitive insight in people enrolled in a methamphetamine pharmacotherapy trial; whether cognitive insight at the start of the trial predicted medication adherence and reductions in methamphetamine use during the trial; and, whether insight would remain stable over the trial or improve with reductions in methamphetamine use. METHODS A subset of people enrolled in a 12-week randomised placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial for methamphetamine dependence completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, comprising subscales for Self-Reflection and Self-Certainty, at baseline (n = 152) and at week 12 (n = 79). Medication adherence was expressed as the percentage of non-missed doses measured using eCAP™ technology. Methamphetamine use days were assessed using the Timeline Followback. RESULTS At baseline, greater Self-Reflection was correlated with more severe methamphetamine withdrawal, and hostility, whereas Self-Certainty was correlated with less education and longer duration of methamphetamine use. No relationship was found between BCIS subscales at baseline and medication adherence (Self-Reflection b[SE] = -0.73 [0.43] p = .09; Self-Certainty b[SE] = -0.31 [0.48] p = .52,). Neither BCIS subscale was predictive of reduced methamphetamine use at 12 weeks (Self-Reflection b[SE] = 0.001 [0.01] p = .95 Self-Certainty b[SE] = -0.003 [0.01], p = .74). Self-Reflection decreased over the trial (t = 3.42, p = .001) but this was unrelated to change in methamphetamine use (Self-Reflection, b[SE] = -1.68 [1.16] p = .15) Change in methamphetamine use was found to be a significant predictor of Self-Certainty at 12 weeks (b [SE] = -2.71 [1.16] p = .02). CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that cognitive insight predicted medication adherence or methamphetamine reduction in people engaged in this trial. Ongoing or increased methamphetamine use predicted increased Self-Certainty at 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayle Raftery
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory Carter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Wang T, Shen B, Wu H, Gu J, Shen M, Xiang P. Segmental Analysis of R/S-Methamphetamine and R/S-Amphetamine in Abusers' Head Hair. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:596-600. [PMID: 31776560 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the relationships between the concentrations of R/S-methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite R/S-amphetamine (AP), the AP/MA ratio in hair samples, and MA dependence were investigated by performing segmental hair analysis in MA users. Authentic hair samples collected from 10 chronic MA abusers were cut into 1-cm sections (a total of 120 segments). The concentrations of MA and AM enantiomers were quantitatively measured by the LC-MS-MS method. The S-MA concentrations ranged from 1.17 to 256.41 ng/mg and the S-AP concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 23.31 ng/mg in the 120 segments. S-MA and S-AP were the most common analytes identified in hair; no R-MA or R-AP was found. The S-AP/S-MA ratios ranged from 0.03 to 0.32, indicating that the subjects primarily consumed S-MA rather than R-MA or AP. The S-AP/S-MA ratios in the long hair of all chronic MA abusers showed some variation, but there was an overall trend of gradual increase from the distal to the proximal end. This trend was independent of the drug concentrations. Therefore, we could conclude that the AP/MA ratios increased with the duration of MA abuse, and a higher AP/MA ratio suggested high MA dependence. There was no chiral conversion of MA or AP in the hair matrix. The segmental hair analysis showed that all subjects continuously used S-MA, and some users showed an increase in drug dose or the frequency of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xuetu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baohua Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Hejian Wu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xuetu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
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12
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Salehzadeh SA, Mohammadian A, Salimi F. Effect of chronic methamphetamine injection on levels of BDNF mRNA and its CpG island methylation in prefrontal cortex of rats. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101884. [PMID: 31830601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant. Its abuse causes problems in cognition, attention, or psychiatric conditions such as psychosis. Prefrontal cortex is involved in many aspects of drug addiction and in mental disorders similar to those triggered by METH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), plays important roles in modulating different aspects of addiction, and is implicated in psychiatric conditions reminiscent of those suffered by METH-abusers. Male Wistar rats were intra-peritoneally injected with METH (8 mg/kg/day) for 14 days while control group received normal saline. After extraction of prefrontal cortices, expression of BDNF IV splice variant and methylation level of its CpG island were evaluated. The relative expression of BDNF IV in METH-treated group was 2.15 fold higher than the control group. Seven out of 29 CpG sites were significantly hypomethylated in the METH group, although none survived Bonferroni adjustment. However, the overall methylation level of the 29 CpGs was significantly lower in METH cases than in controls. We discuss the importance of our results and its implications in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Salehzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Chen L, Yu Y, Duan G, Wang X, Shen B, Xiang P. Simultaneous Determination of Selegiline, Desmethylselegiline, R/S-methamphetamine, and R/S-amphetamine on Dried Urine Spots by LC/MS/MS: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Urine. Front Chem 2019; 7:248. [PMID: 31058136 PMCID: PMC6478707 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chiral analysis is a crucial method to differentiate selegiline intake from drug abuse. A dried urine spot (DUS) analytical method based on spotting urine samples (10 μL) onto dried spot collection cards, and followed by air-drying and extraction, was developed and validated for the determination of selegiline, desmethylselegiline, R/S-methamphetamine, and R/S-amphetamine. Methods: Methanol (0.5 mL) was found to be the ideal extraction solvent for target extraction from DUSs under orbital-horizontal stirring on a lateral shaker at 1,450 rpm for 30 min. Determinations were performed by direct electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) under positive electrospray ionization conditions using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The chromatographic system consisted of a ChirobioticTM V2 column (2.1 × 250 mm, 5 μm) and a mobile phase of methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) glacial acetic acid and 0.02% (v/v) ammonium hydroxide. Results and conclusions: The calibration curves were linear from 50 to 5,000 ng/mL, with r > 0.995 for all analytes, imprecisions ≤ 15% and accuracies between -11.4 and 11.7%. Extraction recoveries ranged from 48.6 to 105.4% with coefficients of variation (CV) ≤ 13.7%, and matrix effects ranged from 45.4 to 104.1% with CV ≤ 10.3%. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL for each analyte. The present method is simple, rapid (accomplished in 12 min), sensitive, and validated by a pharmacokinetic study in human urine collected after a single oral administration of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjia Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengli Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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14
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Chen L, Shen B, Wang S, Yu Y, Yan H, Shi Y, Duan G, Xiang P. Pharmacokinetics of selegiline, R‐methamphetamine, R‐amphetamine, and desmethylselegiline in oral fluid after a single oral administration of selegiline. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:898-905. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of JusticeShanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine No.1347 Guangfu Xi Road Shanghai 200063 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of PharmacyFudan University No. 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Baohua Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of JusticeShanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine No.1347 Guangfu Xi Road Shanghai 200063 China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China No. 83 Tawan Street, Huanggu District Shenyang City Liaoning Province China
| | - Yingjia Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of PharmacyFudan University No. 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of JusticeShanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine No.1347 Guangfu Xi Road Shanghai 200063 China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of JusticeShanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine No.1347 Guangfu Xi Road Shanghai 200063 China
| | - Gengli Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of PharmacyFudan University No. 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of JusticeShanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine No.1347 Guangfu Xi Road Shanghai 200063 China
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15
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Chen L, Yu Y, Wang Y, Xiang P, Duan G. Simultaneous determination of selegiline, desmethylselegiline, R/S-methamphetamine, and R/S-amphetamine in oral fluid by LC/MS/MS. Forensic Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-018-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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