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Xiao Y, Han C, Li X, Zhu X, Li S, Jiang N, Yu C, Liu Y, Liu F. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) diet promotes innate immunity via histone H3K4me3 complex. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111837. [PMID: 38471365 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was a methyl donor for modifying histones, which had crucial roles in lipid accumulation, tissue injury, and immune responses. SAM fluctuation might be linked to variations in histone methylation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of whether the SAM diet influenced the immune response via histone modification remained obscure. In this study, we utilized the Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to investigate the role of SAM diet in innate immunity. We found that 50 μM SAM increased resistance to Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 by reducing the bacterial burden in the intestine. Furthermore, through the genetic screening in C. elegans, we found that SAM functioned in germline to enhance innate immunity via an H3K4 methyltransferase complex to upregulate the immune response genes, including irg-1 and T24B8.5. Intriguingly, SAM also protected mice from P. aeruginosa PA14 infection by reducing the bacterial burden in lung. These findings provided insight into the mechanisms of molecular connections among SAM diet, histone modifications and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Chao Han
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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2
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Wang R, Zhao Y. Effects of Metformin on JNK Signaling Pathway and PD-L1 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:259-268. [PMID: 38585433 PMCID: PMC10998504 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s454960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Metformin has been shown to have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of metformin on the expression of programmed death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) and mechanisms in TNBC. Methods Mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 was co-cultured with metformin, and the effect of metformin on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The effect of metformin on the expression of JNK, RSK2 and CREB was detected by MAPK pathway protein chip. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells with knockdown/overexpression of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and administered with metformin. The weight of tumor tissue was observed at the end of the experiment. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the level of INF-γwas quantitatively determined by ELISA. Results Metformin inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells and increased the phosphorylation of JNK to reduce the phosphorylation of RSK2 and CREB. Metformin and JNK knockdown reduced the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but there was no significant difference in the weight of tumor tissue. Metformin can reduce the level of INF-γ in tumor tissues, but JNK has no effect. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer mice and improve the tumor microenvironment, but does not reduce the size of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Hossain S, Rafi RH, Ripa FA, Khan MRI, Hosen ME, Molla MKI, Faruqe MO, Al-Bari MAA, Das S. Modulating the antibacterial effect of the existing antibiotics along with repurposing drug metformin. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:190. [PMID: 38519821 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the extensive prevalence of resistant bacteria to numerous antibiotic classes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a well-known hazard to world health. As an alternate approach in the field of antimicrobial drug discovery, repurposing the available medications which are also called antibiotic resistance breakers has been pursued for the treatment of infections with antimicrobial resistance pathogens. In this study, we used Haloperidol, Metformin and Hydroxychloroquine as repurposing drugs in in vitro (Antibacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration-MIC) and in vivo (Shigellosis in Swiss albino mice) tests in combination with traditional antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, and Penicillin) against a group of AMR resistance bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella boydii). After observing the results of the conducted in vitro experiments we studied the effects of the above non antibiotic drugs in combination with the said antibiotics. As an repurposing adjuvant antibiotic drug, Metformin exhibited noteworthy activity in almost all in vitro, in vivo and in silico tests (Zone of inhibition for 30 to 43 mm for E.coli in combination with Doxycycline; MIC value decreased 50 µM to 0.781 µM with Doxycycline on S. boydii).In rodents Doxycycline and Metformin showed prominent against Shigellosis in White blood cell count (6.47 ± 0.152 thousand/mm3) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (10.5 ± 1.73 mm/hr). Our findings indicated that Metformin and Doxycycline combination has a crucial impact on Shigellosis. The molecular docking study was performed targeting the Acriflavine resistance protein B (AcrB) (PDB ID: 4CDI) and MexA protein (PDB ID: 6IOK) protein with Metformin (met8) drug which showed the highest binding energy with - 6.4 kcal/mol and - 5.5 kcal/mol respectively. Further, molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the docked complexes were relatively stable during the 100 ns simulation period. This study suggest Metformin and other experimented drugs can be used as adjuvants boost up antibiosis but further study is needed to find out the safety and efficacy of this non-antibiotic drug as potent antibiotic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Somlal Das
- University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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Xiao Y, Hong CA, Liu F, Shi D, Zhu X, Yu C, Jiang N, Li S, Liu Y. Caffeic acid activates mitochondrial UPR to resist pathogen infection in Caenorhabditis elegans via the transcription factor ATFS-1. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0049423. [PMID: 38294242 PMCID: PMC10929418 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00494-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play roles in the resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans against pathogenic bacteria by regulating mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Caffeic acid (CA) (3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid) is a major phenolic compound present in several plant species, which exhibits biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. However, whether caffeic acid influences the innate immune response and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this study, we find that 20 µM caffeic acid enhances innate immunity to resist the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in C. elegans. Meanwhile, caffeic acid also inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, caffeic acid promotes host immune response by reducing the bacterial burden in the intestine. Through genetic screening in C. elegans, we find that caffeic acid promotes innate immunity via the transcription factor ATFS-1. In addition, caffeic acid activates the UPRmt and immune response genes for innate immune response through ATFS-1. Our work suggests that caffeic acid has the potential to protect patients from pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Cao-an Hong
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Bao Y, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Pei Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ji P, Du D, Peng H, Xu G, Wang X, Yin Z, Ai G, Liang X, Dou D. Metformin blocks BIK1-mediated CPK28 phosphorylation and enhances plant immunity. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00087-0. [PMID: 38442853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin (MET), derived from Galega officinalis, stands as the primary first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite its well-documented benefits in mammalian cellular processes, its functions and underlying mechanisms in plants remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate MET's role in inducing plant immunity and investigate the associated mechanisms. METHODS To investigate the impact of MET on enhancing plant immune responses, we conducted assays measuring defense gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and pathogen infection. Additionally, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) techniques were employed to identify MET targets. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed using a luciferase complementation assay and a co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Our findings revealed that MET boosts plant disease resistance by activating MAPKs, upregulating the expression of downstream defense genes, and fortifying the ROS burst. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 28 (CPK28) was identified as a target of MET. It inhibited the interaction between BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and CPK28, blocking CPK28 threonine 76 (T76) transphosphorylation by BIK1, and alleviating the negative regulation of immune responses by CPK28. Moreover, MET enhanced disease resistance in tomato, pepper, and soybean plants. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest that MET enhances plant immunity by blocking BIK1-mediated CPK28 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Bao
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixin Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peiyun Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dandan Du
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Peng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Xiao Y, Zhou H, Cui Y, Zhu X, Li S, Yu C, Jiang N, Liu L, Liu F. Schisandrin A enhances pathogens resistance by targeting a conserved p38 MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111472. [PMID: 38176342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Schizandrin A (SA), also known as deoxyschizandrin, is one of the most biologically active lignans isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Fructus schisandrae chinensis. Schisandrin A has proven benefits for anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-diabetes. But the influence of Schisandrin A to the innate immune response and its molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we found that Schisandrin A increased resistance to not only the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica but also the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Meanwhile, Schisandrin A protected the animals from the infection by enhancing the tolerance to the pathogens infection rather than by reducing the bacterial burden. Through the screening of the conserved immune pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that Schisandrin A enhanced innate immunity via p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, Schisandrin A increased the expression of antibacterial peptide genes, such as K08D8.5, lys-2, F35E12.5, T24B8.5, and C32H11.12 by activation PMK-1/p38 MAPK. Importantly, Schisandrin A-treated mice also enhanced resistance to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection and significantly increased the levels of active PMK-1. Thus, promoted PMK-1/p38 MAPK-mediated innate immunity by Schisandrin A is conserved from worms to mammals. Our work provides a conserved mechanism by which Schisandrin A enhances innate immune response and boosts its therapeutic application in the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yingwen Cui
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Zhao X, Liu C, Peng L, Wang H. Metformin facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy through the regulation of intestinal microbiota. Genes Immun 2024; 25:7-13. [PMID: 38092885 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a synthetic biguanide proven to have beneficial effects against various human diseases. Research has confirmed that metformin exerts its effects by regulating the composition of intestinal microbiota. The composition of intestinal microbiota influences the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. We assume that the regulation of metformin on intestinal microbiota could enhance the therapeutic efficiency of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. In Lewis lung cancer-bearing C57BL/6J mice, we find that metformin enhances PD-L1 antibody efficacy mainly depending on the existence of gut microbiota, and metformin increases the anti-tumor immunity through modulation of intestinal microbiota and affects the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota abolished the combination efficacy of PD-L1 antibody and metformin, implying the significance of intestinal microbiota in metformin's antitumor action. Combining anti-PD-L1 antibody with metformin provoked tumor necrosis by causing increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and IFN-γ expression. In conclusion, metformin could be employed as a microecological controller to prompt antitumor immunity and increase the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Our study provided reliable evidence that metformin could be synergistically used with anti-PD-L1 antibody to enhance the anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, 050011, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, China
| | - Licheng Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, 050011, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, 050011, China.
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Zhou R, Ding RC, Yu Q, Qiu CZ, Zhang HY, Yin ZJ, Ren DL. Metformin Attenuates Neutrophil Recruitment through the H3K18 Lactylation/Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway in Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:176. [PMID: 38397774 PMCID: PMC10886385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Beyond its well-established role in diabetes management, metformin has gained attention as a promising therapeutic for inflammation-related diseases, largely due to its antioxidant capabilities. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of this effect remain elusive. Using in vivo zebrafish models of inflammation, we explored the impact of metformin on neutrophil recruitment and the underlying mechanisms involved. Our data indicate that metformin reduces histone (H3K18) lactylation, leading to the decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a muted neutrophil response to both caudal fin injury and otic vesicle inflammation. To investigate the precise mechanisms through which metformin modulates neutrophil migration via ROS and H3K18 lactylation, we meticulously established the correlation between metformin-induced suppression of H3K18 lactylation and ROS levels. Through supplementary experiments involving the restoration of lactate and ROS, our findings demonstrated that elevated levels of both lactate and ROS significantly promoted the inflammatory response in zebrafish. Collectively, our study illuminates previously unexplored avenues of metformin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions through the downregulation of H3K18 lactylation and ROS production, highlighting the crucial role of epigenetic regulation in inflammation and pointing to metformin's potential in treating inflammation-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zong-Jun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (R.Z.); (R.-C.D.); (Q.Y.); (C.-Z.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Da-Long Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (R.Z.); (R.-C.D.); (Q.Y.); (C.-Z.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
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9
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Goyache I, Yavorov-Dayliev D, Milagro FI, Aranaz P. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Screening Model for Probiotics with Properties against Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1321. [PMID: 38279322 PMCID: PMC10816037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to develop new approaches to prevent and treat diseases related to metabolic syndromes, including obesity or type 2 diabetes, that focus on the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Due to the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis, probiotics with beneficial properties have emerged as an alternative therapeutic tool to ameliorate metabolic diseases-related disturbances, including fat excess or inflammation. In the last few years, different strains of bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and species from the genus Bifidobacterium, have emerged as potential probiotics due to their anti-obesogenic and/or anti-diabetic properties. However, in vivo studies are needed to demonstrate the mechanisms involved in these probiotic features. In this context, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a very powerful simple in vivo model to study the physiological and molecular effects of probiotics with potential applications regarding the different pathologies of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to summarize the main studies describing anti-obesogenic, anti-diabetic, or anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics using C. elegans as an in vivo research model, as well as providing a description of the molecular mechanisms involved in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Goyache
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Deyan Yavorov-Dayliev
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Genbioma Aplicaciones SL, Polígono Industrial Noain-Esquiroz, Calle S, Nave 4, 31191 Esquíroz, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (P.A.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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10
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Xiao Y, Liu F, Wu Q, Zhu X, Yu C, Jiang N, Li S, Liu Y. Dioscin Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response for Defense Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans via IRE-1/XBP-1 Pathway. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:237-244. [PMID: 37499184 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that senses and responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen during bacterial infection. The IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway is a major branch of the UPRER that has been conserved from yeast to human. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin exhibits a broad spectrum of properties. However, whether dioscin influences the immune response and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. We find that dioscin increases resistance to Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, dioscin also inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, dioscin enhances the resistance to pathogens by reducing bacterial burden in the intestine. Through genetic screening, we find that dioscin activates the UPRER to promote innate immunity via IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway. Intriguingly, dioscin requires the neural XBP-1 for immune response. Our findings suggest that dioscin may be a viable candidate for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinyi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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11
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Atella TC, Medina JM, Atella GC, Allodi S, Kluck GEG. Neuroprotective Effects of Metformin Through AMPK Activation in a Neurotoxin-Based Model of Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03892-w. [PMID: 38165584 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a heterogeneous group of neural disorders clinically characterized by cerebellar dysfunction. The diagnosis of patients with progressive cerebellar ataxia is complex due to the direct correlation with other neuron diseases. Although there is still no cure for this pathological condition, some metabolic, hereditary, inflammatory, and immunological factors affecting cerebellar ataxia are being studied and may become therapeutic targets. Advances in studying the neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, and molecular biology of the cerebellum (CE) contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of this disorder. In this study, Wistar rats aged 30 to 35 days were injected intraperitoneally with 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) and/or metformin (for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) enzyme activation) and euthanized in 24 hours and 4 days after injection. We analyzed the neuromodulatory role of the AMPK on cerebellar ataxia induced by the neurotoxin 3-AP in the brain stem (BS) and CE, after pre-treatment for 7 and 15 days with metformin, a pharmacological indirect activator of AMPK. The results shown here suggest that AMPK activation in the BS and CE leads to a significant reduction in neuroinflammation in these regions. AMPK was able to restore the changes in fatty acid composition and pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by 3-AP, suggesting that the action of AMPK seems to result in a possible neuroprotection on the cerebellar ataxia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá C Atella
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Medina
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - George E G Kluck
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton General Hospital Campus, 237 Barton St E, Hamilton, Ontario, L8L 2X2, Canada.
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12
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Liu F, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhu X, Li S, Jiang N, Yu C, Liu Y, Xiao Y. The homeodomain transcription factor CEH-37 regulates PMK-1/p38 MAPK pathway to protect against intestinal infection via the phosphatase VHP-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:312. [PMID: 37796333 PMCID: PMC11072455 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicate that the expression of defense genes at the right place and the right time are regulated by host-defense transcription factors. However, the precise mechanisms of this regulation are not well understood. Homeodomain transcription factors, encoded by homeobox genes, play crucial role for the development of multicellular eukaryotes. In this study, we demonstrated that homeodomain transcription factor CEH-37 (known as OTX2 in mammals) was a key transcription factor for host defense in Caenorhabditis elegans. Meanwhile, CEH-37 acted in the intestine to protect C. elegans against pathogen infection. We further showed that the homeodomain transcription factor CEH-37 positively regulated PMK-1/ p38 MAPK activity to promote the intestinal immunity via suppression phosphatase VHP-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this function was conserved, because the human homeodomain transcription factor OTX2 also exhibited protective function in lung epithelial cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Thus, our work reveal that CEH-37/OTX2 is a evolutionarily conserved transcription factor for defense against pathogen infection. The finding provides a model in which CEH-37 decreases VHP-1 phosphatase activity, allowing increased stimulation of PMK-1/p38 MAPK phosphorylation cascade in the intestine for pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , 563000, Guizhou, China.
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13
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Malaekeh-Nikouei A, Shokri-Naei S, Karbasforoushan S, Bahari H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Heidari R, Askari VR. Metformin beyond an anti-diabetic agent: A comprehensive and mechanistic review on its effects against natural and chemical toxins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115263. [PMID: 37541178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, a growing number of studies have shown that metformin has some exciting properties, such as anti-oxidative capabilities, anticancer, genomic stability, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis, which have potent, that can treat other disorders other than diabetes mellitus. We aimed to describe and review the protective and antidotal efficacy of metformin against biologicals, chemicals, natural, medications, pesticides, and radiation-induced toxicities. A comprehensive search has been performed from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 8, 2023. All in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were considered. Many studies suggest that metformin affects diseases other than diabetes. It is a radioprotective and chemoprotective drug that also affects viral and bacterial diseases. It can be used against inflammation-related and apoptosis-related abnormalities and against toxins to lower their effects. Besides lowering blood sugar, metformin can attenuate the effects of toxins on body weight, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, caspase-3 activation, cell viability and survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB, TNF-α, many interleukins, lipid profile, and many enzymes activity such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. It also can reduce the histopathological damages induced by many toxins on the kidneys, liver, and colon. However, clinical trials and human studies are needed before using metformin as a therapeutic agent against other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Malaekeh-Nikouei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Shokri-Naei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Karbasforoushan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Mergan L, Driesschaert B, Temmerman L. Endocytic coelomocytes are required for lifespan extension by axenic dietary restriction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287933. [PMID: 37368903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A rather peculiar but very potent means of achieving longevity is through axenic dietary restriction (ADR), where animals feed on (semi-)defined culture medium in absence of any other lifeform. The little knowledge we already have on ADR is mainly derived from studies using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, where ADR more than doubles organismal lifespan. What is underlying this extreme longevity so far remains enigmatic, as ADR seems distinct from other forms of DR and bypasses well-known longevity factors. We here focus first on CUP-4, a protein present in the coelomocytes, which are endocytic cells with a presumed immune function. Our results show that loss of cup-4 or of the coelomocytes affects ADR-mediated longevity to a similar extent. As the coelomocytes have been suggested to have an immune function, we then investigated different central players of innate immune signalling, but could prove no causal links with axenic lifespan extension. We propose that future research focuses further on the role of the coelomocytes in endocytosis and recycling in the context of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Driesschaert
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Mohammed T, Bowe M, Plant A, Perez M, Alvarez CA, Mortensen EM. Metformin Use Is Associated With Lower Mortality in Veterans With Diabetes Hospitalized With Pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1237-1244. [PMID: 36575139 PMCID: PMC10319762 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that metformin use may be associated with improved infectious disease-related outcomes, whereas other papers suggest potentially worse outcomes in serious bacterial infections. Our purpose was to examine the association of prior outpatient prescription of metformin on 30- and 90-day mortality for older veterans with pre-existing diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using national Department of Veterans Affairs data of patients ≥65 years with a prior history of diabetes who were hospitalized with pneumonia over a 10-year period (fiscal years 2002-2012.) For our primary analysis, we created a propensity score and matched metformin users to nonusers 1:1. RESULTS We identified 34 759 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 20.3% of whom were prescribed metformin. Unadjusted 30-day mortality was 9.6% for those who received metformin versus 13.9% in nonusers (P < .003), and 90-day mortality was 15.8% for those who received metformin versus 23.0% for nonusers (P < .0001). For the propensity score model, we matched 6899 metformin users to 6899 nonusers. After propensity matching, both 30-day (relative risk [RR]: .86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .78-.95) and 90-day (RR: .85; 95% CI: .79-.92) mortality was significantly lower for metformin users. CONCLUSIONS Prior receipt of metformin was associated with significantly lower mortality after adjusting for potential confounders. Additional research is needed to examine the safety and potential benefits of metformin use in patients with respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turab Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Bowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexandria Plant
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mario Perez
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eric M Mortensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
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16
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Ruiz-Pacheco JA, Castillo-Díaz LA, Arreola-Torres R, Fonseca-Coronado S, Gómez-Navarro B. Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from COVID-19 for monkeypox infection. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:113-118. [PMID: 36737358 PMCID: PMC9884624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is known to be linked to malfunctioning antiviral defense; however, its association with the severity of monkeypox is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss key immunological mechanisms in the antiviral response affected by poor glucose control that could impact the susceptibility and severity of monkeypox infection, leading to a heightened emphasis on the use of the available antidiabetic drugs. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google scholar for articles published from January 1985 to August 2022. No criteria for publication data were set, and all articles in English were included. RESULTS Currently, there are no studies about the risk or consequences of monkeypox infection in the diabetic population. A high incidence of diabetes is reported in countries such as China, India, Pakistan, EUA, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Bangladesh, Japan, and Egypt, where unfortunately imported cases of monkeypox have been reported and the infection continues to spread. CONCLUSIONS High incidence of diabetes together with the cessation of smallpox vaccination has left large numbers of the human population unprotected against monkeypox. The best option for the population remains confined to the prevention of infection as well as the use of hypoglycemic agents that have also been shown to improve immune mechanisms associated with viral protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ruiz-Pacheco
- Investigador por México-CONACYT, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - L A Castillo-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | - R Arreola-Torres
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - S Fonseca-Coronado
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, México
| | - B Gómez-Navarro
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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17
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High Glucose Promotes Inflammation and Weakens Placental Defenses against E. coli and S. agalactiae Infection: Protective Role of Insulin and Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065243. [PMID: 36982317 PMCID: PMC10048930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Placentas from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients undergo significant metabolic and immunologic adaptations due to hyperglycemia, which results in an exacerbated synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and an increased risk for infections. Insulin or metformin are clinically indicated for the treatment of GDM; however, there is limited information about the immunomodulatory activity of these drugs in the human placenta, especially in the context of maternal infections. Our objective was to study the role of insulin and metformin in the placental inflammatory response and innate defense against common etiopathological agents of pregnancy bacterial infections, such as E. coli and S. agalactiae, in a hyperglycemic environment. Term placental explants were cultivated with glucose (10 and 50 mM), insulin (50–500 nM) or metformin (125–500 µM) for 48 h, and then they were challenged with live bacteria (1 × 105 CFU/mL). We evaluated the inflammatory cytokine secretion, beta defensins production, bacterial count and bacterial tissue invasiveness after 4–8 h of infection. Our results showed that a GDM-associated hyperglycemic environment induced an inflammatory response and a decreased beta defensins synthesis unable to restrain bacterial infection. Notably, both insulin and metformin exerted anti-inflammatory effects under hyperglycemic infectious and non-infectious scenarios. Moreover, both drugs fortified placental barrier defenses, resulting in reduced E. coli counts, as well as decreased S. agalactiae and E. coli invasiveness of placental villous trees. Remarkably, the double challenge of high glucose and infection provoked a pathogen-specific attenuated placental inflammatory response in the hyperglycemic condition, mainly denoted by reduced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion after S. agalactiae infection and by IL-1β after E. coli infection. Altogether, these results suggest that metabolically uncontrolled GDM mothers develop diverse immune placental alterations, which may help to explain their increased vulnerability to bacterial pathogens.
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18
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Xiao Y, Zhang L, Zhu X, Qin Y, Yu C, Jiang N, Li S, Liu F, Liu Y. Luteolin promotes pathogen resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109679. [PMID: 36640711 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway was an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which regulated many aspects of organismal physiology, such as pathogen resistance, metabolism, stress response, longevity. Luteolin, a flavone contained in many medical plants and in vegetables, had been shown to exhibit activities such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. However, whether the Luteolin influenced the immune response and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained obscure. We found that Luteolin increased resistance to not only the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica but also the Gram-positive pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus in dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, Luteolin promoted host immune response via inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Through the genetic screening in C. elegans, we found that Luteolin promoted innate immunity via DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway rather than p38 MAPK pathway and SKN-1. Furthermore, Luteolin activated the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor for innate immune response. Our work suggested that Luteolin had the potential of improving the patients with pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Center of Forensic Expertise, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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19
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Du Y, Zhu YJ, Zhou YX, Ding J, Liu JY. Metformin in therapeutic applications in human diseases: its mechanism of action and clinical study. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:41. [PMID: 36484892 PMCID: PMC9733765 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide drug, is the most commonly used first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellites due to its outstanding glucose-lowering ability. After oral administration of 1 g, metformin peaked plasma concentration of approximately 20-30 μM in 3 h, and then it mainly accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney. Substantial studies have indicated that metformin exerts its beneficial or deleterious effect by multiple mechanisms, apart from AMPK-dependent mechanism, also including several AMPK-independent mechanisms, such as restoring of redox balance, affecting mitochondrial function, modulating gut microbiome and regulating several other signals, such as FBP1, PP2A, FGF21, SIRT1 and mTOR. On the basis of these multiple mechanisms, researchers tried to repurpose this old drug and further explored the possible indications and adverse effects of metformin. Through investigating with clinical studies, researchers concluded that in addition to decreasing cardiovascular events and anti-obesity, metformin is also beneficial for neurodegenerative disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, aging, cancer and COVID-19, however, it also induces some adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal complaints, lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, neurodegenerative disease and offspring impairment. Of note, the dose of metformin used in most studies is much higher than its clinically relevant dose, which may cast doubt on the actual effects of metformin on these disease in the clinic. This review summarizes these research developments on the mechanism of action and clinical evidence of metformin and discusses its therapeutic potential and clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ding
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Wang R, Li Y, Zhao Y, Shi F, Zhou Q, Wu J, Lyu S, Song Q. Metformin Inducing the Change of Functional and Exhausted Phenotypic Tumor-Infiltrated Lymphocytes and the Correlation with JNK Signal Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2022; 14:391-403. [PMID: 36482884 PMCID: PMC9725923 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s384702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Metformin has been shown to have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of metformin on phenotypic tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) and mechanisms in TNBC. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed on 4T1 cells post metformin treatment. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells with knockdown/overexpression of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and administered with metformin. Phenotypic TILs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were visualized by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Metformin inhibited 4T1 cell proliferation and increased expression of JNK by 21% in vitro. In vivo, Metformin increased cell counts of CD4+ and CD8+TILs by 100% and 85%, respectively, and the increase of TILs was associated with JNK pathway. Cell counts of CD4+/PD-1+ and CD8+/PD-1+TILs were reduced by 64% and 58%, respectively, post metformin treatment, but the reduction of exhausted TILs was not associated with JNK pathway. Metformin induced a 11% and 20% reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α level in the TNBC model. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that metformin increased the functional phenotype of TILs and associated with JNK pathway, and suppressed the exhausted phenotype of TILs independently to JNK pathway in TNBC microenvironment. Further studies are needed to explore the basic mechanism of action of the drug. Metformin has potentially enhanced efficacy when used in combination with immunotherapy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Department of Cancer Research, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Lyu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingkun Song
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu X, Liu F, Wu Q, Li S, Ruan G, Yang J, Yu C, Jiang N, Xiao Y, Liu Y. Brevilin A enhances innate immunity and the resistance of oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans via p38 MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mostafavi S, Zalpoor H, Hassan ZM. The promising therapeutic effects of metformin on metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts in solid tumors. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:58. [PMID: 35869449 PMCID: PMC9308248 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes are exposed to many toxic metabolites and molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that suppress their anti-tumor activity. Toxic metabolites, such as lactate and ketone bodies, are produced mainly by catabolic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to feed anabolic cancer cells. These catabolic and anabolic cells make a metabolic compartment through which high-energy metabolites like lactate can be transferred via the monocarboxylate transporter channel 4. Moreover, a decrease in molecules, including caveolin-1, has been reported to cause deep metabolic changes in normal fibroblasts toward myofibroblast differentiation. In this context, metformin is a promising drug in cancer therapy due to its effect on oncogenic signal transduction pathways, leading to the inhibition of tumor proliferation and downregulation of key oncometabolites like lactate and succinate. The cross-feeding and metabolic coupling of CAFs and tumor cells are also affected by metformin. Therefore, the importance of metabolic reprogramming of stromal cells and also the pivotal effects of metformin on TME and oncometabolites signaling pathways have been reviewed in this study.
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Sorrenti V, Benedetti F, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Davinelli S, Zella D, Scapagnini G. Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080912. [PMID: 35893737 PMCID: PMC9394378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the progressive dysregulation of several molecular pathways and mTOR and AMPK signaling have been suggested to play a role in the complex changes in key biological networks involved in cellular senescence. Moreover, multiple factors, including poor nutritional balance, drive immunosenescence progression, one of the meaningful aspects of aging. Unsurprisingly, nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions could help maintain an optimal biological response by providing essential bioactive micronutrients required for the development, maintenance, and the expression of the immune response at all stages of life. In this regard, many studies have provided evidence of potential antiaging properties of resveratrol, as well as rapamycin and metformin. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated for these molecules a number of positive effects associated with healthy aging. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds and their suggested use for the clinical treatment of immunosenescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Davide Zella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
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24
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Dai F, Guo M, Shao Y, Li C. Vibrio splendidus flagellin C binds tropomodulin to induce p38 MAPK-mediated p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis in Echinodermata. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102091. [PMID: 35654141 PMCID: PMC9249833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern, bacterial flagellin can bind Toll-like receptor 5 and the intracellular NAIP5 receptor component of the NLRC4 inflammasome to induce immune responses in mammals. However, these flagellin receptors are generally poorly understood in lower animal species. In this study, we found that the isolated flagellum of Vibrio splendidus AJ01 destroyed the integrity of the tissue structure of coelomocytes and promoted apoptosis in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, the novel intracellular LRR domain-containing protein tropomodulin (AjTmod) was identified as a protein that interacts with flagellin C (FliC) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.0086 ± 0.33 μM by microscale thermophoresis assay. We show that knockdown of AjTmod also depressed FliC-induced apoptosis of coelomocytes. Further functional analysis with different inhibitor treatments revealed that the interaction between AjTmod and FliC could specifically activate p38 MAPK, but not JNK or ERK MAP kinases. We demonstrate that the transcription factor p38 is then translocated into the nucleus, where it mediates the expression of p53 to induce coelomocyte apoptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence that intracellular AjTmod serves as a novel receptor of FliC and mediates p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in Echinodermata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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25
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Knocking down Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by oral hypoglycemic metformin nano emulsion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:119. [PMID: 35644864 PMCID: PMC9148876 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term antibiotic treatment results in the spread of multi-drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that complicates treatment. Anti-virulence agents can be viewed as alternative options that cripple virulence factors of the bacteria to facilitate their elimination by the host immunity. The use of nanoparticles in the inhibition of P. aeruginosa virulence factors is a promising strategy. This study aims to study the effect of metformin (MET), metformin nano emulsions (MET-NEs), silver metformin nano emulsions (Ag-MET-NEs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on P. aeruginosa virulence factors’ expression. The phenotypic results showed that MET-NEs had the highest virulence inhibitory activity. However, concerning RT-PCR results, all tested agents significantly decreased the expression of quorum sensing regulatory genes of P. aeruginosa; lasR, lasI, pqsA, fliC, exoS and pslA, with Ag-MET-NEs being the most potent one, however, it failed to protect mice from P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. MET-NEs showed the highest protective activity against pseudomonal infection in vivo. Our findings support the promising use of nano formulations particularly Ag-MET-NEs as an alternative against multidrug resistant pseudomonal infections via inhibition of virulence factors and quorum sensing gene expression.
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26
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Acanthopanax senticosus Polysaccharide Enhances the Pathogen Resistance of Radiation-Damaged Caenorhabditis elegans through Intestinal p38 MAPK-SKN-1/ATF-7 Pathway and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095034. [PMID: 35563423 PMCID: PMC9103771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of science and technology, humans are chronically exposed to ionizing radiation. It is crucial to look for efficient and low-toxic anti-radiation agents. Through preliminary screening, we found that Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) played a major role in regulating immune damage caused by radiation. The objective of this study was to apply the Caenorhabditis elegans—P. aeruginosa (PA14) infection model to illuminate the mechanism of ASPS increasing the pathogen resistance of radiation-damaged nematodes. Results indicated that ASPS (1 mg/mL) significantly enhanced the pathogen resistance of radiation-damaged nematodes by directly elevating the immune response of nematodes rather than by affecting the bacterial activity. Through further research on the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and related mutants, we found that ASPS functioned by the p38 MAPK pathway in the intestine, and SKN-1, ATF-7 as the downstream targets of PMK-1 participated the regulation of ASPS. In addition, ASPS markedly alleviated the stress status of damaged nematodes by regulating oxidative stress. Collectively, our findings suggest that ASPS enhances the pathogen resistance of radiation-damaged nematodes through the intestinal p38MAPK-SKN-1/ATF-7 pathway and stress response.
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27
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Lee GC, Moreira AG, Hinojosa C, Benavides R, Winter C, Anderson AC, Chen CJ, Borsa N, Hastings G, Black CA, Bandy SM, Shaffer A, Restrepo MI, Ahuja SK. Metformin Attenuates Inflammatory Responses and Enhances Antibody Production in an Acute Pneumonia Model of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:736835. [PMID: 35821804 PMCID: PMC9261336 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.736835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metformin may potentially reverse various age-related conditions; however, it is unclear whether metformin can also mitigate or delay the deterioration of immunological resilience that occurs in the context of infections that are commonly observed in older persons. We examined whether metformin promotes the preservation of immunological resilience in an acute S. pneumoniae (SPN) infection challenge in young adult mice. Mice were fed metformin (MET-alone) or standard chow (controls-alone) for 10 weeks prior to receiving intratracheal inoculation of SPN. A subset of each diet group received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine at week 6 (MET + PCV and control + PCV). Compared to controls-alone, MET-alone had significantly less infection-associated morbidity and attenuated inflammatory responses during acute SPN infection. Metformin lowered the expression of genes in the lungs related to inflammation as well as shorter lifespan in humans. This was accompanied by significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL6). MET + PCV vs. control + PCV manifested enhanced SPN anticapsular IgM and IgG levels. The levels of SPN IgM production negatively correlated with expression levels of genes linked to intestinal epithelial structure among MET + PCV vs. control + PCV groups. Correspondingly, the gut microbial composition of metformin-fed mice had a significantly higher abundance in the Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia muciniphila, a species previously associated with beneficial effects on intestinal integrity and longevity. Together, these findings indicate metformin's immunoprotective potential to protect against infection-associated declines in immunologic resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans’ Health Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alvaro G. Moreira
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cecilia Hinojosa
- Department Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Raymond Benavides
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Caitlyn Winter
- The Foundation for Advancing Veterans’ Health Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Audrey C. Anderson
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Chang-Jui Chen
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Noemi Borsa
- Department Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabrielyd Hastings
- Department Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cody A. Black
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sarah M. Bandy
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Shaffer
- Department Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Marcos I. Restrepo
- Department Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sunil K. Ahuja
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Tomalka JA, Suthar MS, Deeks SG, Sekaly RP. Fighting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires a global approach to understanding the heterogeneity of vaccine responses. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:360-370. [PMID: 35210622 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic and environmental factors including age, biological sex, diet, geographical location, microbiome composition and metabolites converge to influence innate and adaptive immune responses to vaccines. Failure to understand and account for these factors when investigating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efficacy may impair the development of the next generation of vaccines. Most studies aimed at identifying mechanisms of vaccine-mediated immune protection have focused on adaptive immune responses. It is well established, however, that mobilization of the innate immune response is essential to the development of effective cellular and humoral immunity. A comprehensive understanding of the innate immune response and environmental factors that contribute to the development of broad and durable cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other vaccines requires a holistic and unbiased approach. Along with optimization of the immunogen and vectors, the development of adjuvants based on our evolving understanding of how the innate immune system shapes vaccine responses will be essential. Defining the innate immune mechanisms underlying the establishment of long-lived plasma cells and memory T cells could lead to a universal vaccine for coronaviruses, a key biomedical priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Tomalka
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rafick Pierre Sekaly
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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29
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Ge Y, Zhou M, Chen C, Wu X, Wang X. Role of AMPK mediated pathways in autophagy and aging. Biochimie 2021; 195:100-113. [PMID: 34838647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AMPK is an important kinase regulating energy homeostasis and also a key protein involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways. It plays a vitally regulatory role in cellular senescence. Activation of AMPK can delay or block the aging process, which is of great significance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other aging related diseases, and provides a potential target for new indications such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in aging research. The in-depth study of AMPK activators will provide more new directions for the treatment of age-related maladies and the development of innovative drugs. Autophagy is a process that engulfs and degrades own cytoplasm or organelles. Thereby, meeting the metabolic demands and updating certain organelles of the cell has become a hotspot in the field of anti-aging in recent years. AMPK plays an important role between autophagy and senescence. In our review, the relationship among AMPK signaling, autophagy and aging will be clarified through the interaction between AMPK and mTOR, ULK1, FOXO, p53, SIRT1, and NF -κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ge
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Cui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530007, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
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30
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Xia W, Qi X, Li M, Wu Y, Sun L, Fan X, Yuan Y, Li J. Metformin promotes anticancer activity of NK cells in a p38 MAPK dependent manner. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1995999. [PMID: 34745769 PMCID: PMC8565822 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1995999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a drug prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes, has been reported to possess antitumor activity via immunity activation. However, the influence of metformin on natural killer (NK) cells is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether metformin exerts a potent anticancer effect by activating NK cells. The results showed that sustained exposure to metformin enhances the cytolytic activity of NK-92 cells. Moreover, this enhancement of cytotoxicity by metformin was also observed in NK cells from healthy peripheral blood and cancer patient ascites. Mechanistically, metformin induced activation of the JAK1/2/3/STAT5 and AKT/mTOR pathways in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner rather than an AMPK-dependent manner. In vivo experiments, metformin also improved cancer surveillance of NK cells in mouse models of lymphoma clearance and metastatic melanoma. Additionally, combination treatment with metformin and anti-PD-1 antibodies increased the therapy response rates of B16F10 melanoma. Moreover, metformin treatment increased NK cell and T cell infiltration in tumors. Therefore, these results provide a deeper understanding of metformin on the effector function of NK cells and will contribute to the development and applications of metformin in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, Yushan Campus Hospital, Hospital of Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Masadeh MM, Aburashed ZO. Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria. Clin Pharmacol 2021; 13:83-90. [PMID: 34007223 PMCID: PMC8123943 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s297903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The continuous increase in the incidence of bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics represents a worldwide health burden. A surrogate strategy to combat such crisis is to find compounds that restore the antimicrobial activity of the already existing antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria. Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic medication. It has proven benefits in other diseases including cancer, aging-related and infectious diseases. In this study, the potential effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to antibiotics was investigated. Methods Two multidrug resistant bacterial strains were used; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; ATCC 33,591) and multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC BAA-2114). To assess its efficacy, metformin was combined with several antibiotics: levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, ampicillin, and doxycycline. The antibacterial effect of metformin was tested using the micro broth dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also measured. Cytotoxicity studies were also performed on mammalian cells to assess its safety. Results Metformin exhibited an antibacterial effect when combined with the antibiotics on the two tested strains. It also showed low toxicity on the mammalian cells. Moreover, synergetic studies showed that metformin enhanced the effect of the combined antibiotics, as these combinations provide either a synergistic or additive effect with significant reduction in the MIC. Conclusion Metformin exerts an adjuvant antibacterial effect; thus, it could be a possible candidate as an adjuvant therapy to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majd M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Zainah O Aburashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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32
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Huang QY, Yao F, Zhou CR, Huang XY, Wang Q, Long H, Wu QM. Role of gut microbiome in regulating the effectiveness of metformin in reducing colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:6213-6228. [PMID: 33392303 PMCID: PMC7760447 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i24.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally. It is rarely noticed that the incidence of CRC is higher in patients with T2DM. What needs to be mentioned is that metformin, a commonly used clinical drug for T2DM, attracts scholars’ attention because of its benefits in lowering the risk of developing CRC. Hence, we try to find the common grounds of initiation of T2DM and CRC and the reason why metformin reduces the risk of CRC in patients with T2DM. We noticed consistent changes of gut microbiota, such as elevated Bacteroides, Prevotella and Bifidobacterium and depressed Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, many studies in recent years have proved that the efficacy of metformin, such as improving blood glucose, depends on the gut microbiota. Coincidentally, the progression of CRC is inseparable from the contributions of gut microbiota. Therefore, we first proposed the concept of the metformin-gut microbiota–CRC (in T2DM) axis to explain the effect of metformin in reducing CRC in patients with T2DM. In this review, we elaborated the new concept and its potential clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-You Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuan-Ren Zhou
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
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Marcos-Carbajal P, Allca-Muñoz C, Urbano-Niño Á, Salazar-Granara A. Exploración de la actividad antibacteriana de Metformina frente a Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIONATURA 2020. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2020.05.04.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del estudio es determinar la actividad antibacteriana de Metformina frente a Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana mediante la técnica de Kirby Bauer. Se utilizó cepas de Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), las cuales se expusieron a Metformina en concentraciones de 250 mg y 500 mg, Ciprofloxacino (CIP) 5 µg, Imipenem (IPM) 10 µg, y Cefoxitin (FOX) 30 µg. Frente a Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa se presentó un halo de inhibición de 6 mm. para Metformina 250 mg, 6 mm. para Metformina 500 mg, y un halo de inhibición >25 mm. con el uso de Ciprofloxacino 5 µg, Cefoxitin 30 µg, e Imipenem 10 µg respectivamente. En conclusion, In vitro Metformina a dosis de 250 y 500 mg, no presentó efecto antibacteriano frente a Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pool Marcos-Carbajal
- 1. Universidad Peruana Unión, Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología Molecular 2. Universidad San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Medicina Tradicional y Farmacología. Peru
| | - Christian Allca-Muñoz
- Universidad San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Medicina Tradicional y Farmacología. Peru
| | - Ángel Urbano-Niño
- Universidad San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Medicina Tradicional y Farmacología. Peru
| | - Alberto Salazar-Granara
- 2. Universidad San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Medicina Tradicional y Farmacología 3. Sociedad Peruana de Farmacología y. Peru Terapéutica Experimental - SOPFARTEX
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Cadegiani FA. Repurposing existing drugs for COVID-19: an endocrinology perspective. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:149. [PMID: 32993622 PMCID: PMC7523486 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multi-systemic infection caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that has become a pandemic. Although its prevailing symptoms include anosmia, ageusia, dry couch, fever, shortness of brief, arthralgia, myalgia, and fatigue, regional and methodological assessments vary, leading to heterogeneous clinical descriptions of COVID-19. Aging, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and exposure to androgens have been correlated with worse prognosis in COVID-19. Abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the androgen-driven transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) have been elicited as key modulators of SARS-CoV-2. MAIN TEXT While safe and effective therapies for COVID-19 lack, the current moment of pandemic urges for therapeutic options. Existing drugs should be preferred over novel ones for clinical testing due to four inherent characteristics: 1. Well-established long-term safety profile, known risks and contraindications; 2. More accurate predictions of clinical effects; 3. Familiarity of clinical management; and 4. Affordable costs for public health systems. In the context of the key modulators of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, endocrine targets have become central as candidates for COVID-19. The only endocrine or endocrine-related drug class with already existing emerging evidence for COVID-19 is the glucocorticoids, particularly for the use of dexamethasone for severely affected patients. Other drugs that are more likely to present clinical effects despite the lack of specific evidence for COVID-19 include anti-androgens (spironolactone, eplerenone, finasteride and dutasteride), statins, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ACE inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and direct TMPRSS-2 inhibitors (nafamostat and camostat). Several other candidates show less consistent plausibility. In common, except for dexamethasone, all candidates have no evidence for COVID-19, and clinical trials are needed. CONCLUSION While dexamethasone may reduce mortality in severely ill patients with COVID-19, in the absence of evidence of any specific drug for mild-to-moderate COVID-19, researchers should consider testing existing drugs due to their favorable safety, familiarity, and cost profile. However, except for dexamethasone in severe COVID-19, drug treatments for COVID-19 patients must be restricted to clinical research studies until efficacy has been extensively proven, with favorable outcomes in terms of reduction in hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio A Cadegiani
- Adrenal and Hypertension Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 781 - 13th floor, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Nakajima H, Takewaki F, Hashimoto Y, Kajiyama S, Majima S, Okada H, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Nakanishi N, Hamaguchi M, Yamazaki M, Tanaka Y, Oikawa Y, Nakajima S, Ohno H, Fukui M. The Effects of Metformin on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Two-Center, Quasi-Experimental Study. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090195. [PMID: 32932871 PMCID: PMC7555986 DOI: 10.3390/life10090195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is reported to affect human gut microbiota; however, the nature of this association in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unknown. We enrolled 31 patients with T2DM who took metformin for the first time in this study. We compared them before and after four weeks of taking metformin. Fecal samples were collected and 16S rDNA sequences were performed to identify the gut microbiota. Blood samples and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire results, denoting gastro-intestinal symptoms, were also collected. In the whole-group analysis, no significant differences were found at the phylum level. In a subgroup of 21 patients that excluding those using medications affecting gut microbiota, there was a significant decrease of the phylum Firmicutes (p = 0.042) and of the ratio of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundances (p = 0.04) after taking metformin. Changes in abdominal pain (r = −0.56, p = 0.008) and regurgitation (r = −0.53, p = 0.01) were associated with Parabacteroides. Despite there being no direct association with abdominal symptoms, our study revealed that the composition of gut microbiota in Japanese individuals with T2DM partially changed after starting metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Nakajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Fumie Takewaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shizuo Kajiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
- Kajiyama Clinic, Kyoto 600-8898, Japan
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Yoshiki Tanaka
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0021, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.O.); (S.N.); (H.O.)
| | - Yousuke Oikawa
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0021, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.O.); (S.N.); (H.O.)
| | - Shunji Nakajima
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0021, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.O.); (S.N.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe 650-0021, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.O.); (S.N.); (H.O.)
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (F.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (T.S.); (E.U.); (N.N.); (M.H.); (M.Y.); (M.F.)
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A geroscience perspective on immune resilience and infectious diseases: a potential case for metformin. GeroScience 2020; 43:1093-1112. [PMID: 32902818 PMCID: PMC7479299 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We are in the midst of the global pandemic. Though acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-COV2) that leads to COVID-19 infects people of all ages, severe symptoms and mortality occur disproportionately in older adults. Geroscience interventions that target biological aging could decrease risk across multiple age-related diseases and improve outcomes in response to infectious disease. This offers hope for a new host-directed therapeutic approach that could (i) improve outcomes following exposure or shorten treatment regimens; (ii) reduce the chronic pathology associated with the infectious disease and subsequent comorbidity, frailty, and disability; and (iii) promote development of immunological memory that protects against relapse or improves response to vaccination. We review the possibility of this approach by examining available evidence in metformin: a generic drug with a proven safety record that will be used in a large-scale multicenter clinical trial. Though rigorous translational research and clinical trials are needed to test this empirically, metformin may improve host immune defenses and confer protection against long-term health consequences of infectious disease, age-related chronic diseases, and geriatric syndromes.
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