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Feng C, Chen X, Yin X, Jiang Y, Zhao C. Matrix Metalloproteinases on Skin Photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39230065 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin aging is characterized by an imbalance between the generation and degradation of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the primary enzymes responsible for ECM breakdown. Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli can induce different MMPs. However, there is limited literature especially on the summary of skin MMPs and potential inhibitors. OBJECTIVE We aim to focus on the upregulation of MMP expression or activity in skin cells following exposure to UV radiation. We also would like to offer valuable insights into potential clinical applications of MMP inhibitors for mitigating skin aging. METHODS This article presents the summary of prior research, which involved an extensive literature search across diverse academic databases including Web of Science and PubMed. RESULTS Our findings offer a comprehensive insight into the effects of MMPs on skin aging after UV irradiation, including their substrate preferences and distinct roles in this process. Additionally, a comprehensive list of natural plant and animal extracts, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, as well as natural and synthetic compounds that serve as inhibitors for MMPs is compiled. CONCLUSION Skin aging is a complex process influenced by environmental factors and MMPs. Research focuses on UV-induced skin damage and the formation of Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs), leading to wrinkles and impaired functionality. Inhibiting MMPs is crucial for maintaining youthful skin. Natural sources of MMP inhibitor substances, such as extracts from plants and animals, offer a safer approach to obtain inhibitors through dietary supplements. Studying isolated active ingredients can contribute to developing targeted MMP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Beijing Qingyan Boshi Health Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Chen
- Beijing Qingyan Boshi Health Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Yin
- Beijing Qingyan Boshi Health Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Jiang
- Beijing Qingyan Boshi Health Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Zhao
- Beijing Qingyan Boshi Health Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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Vuyk A, Montania M, Barrios L. Boredom and its perceived impact in adolescents with exceptional mathematical talent: a sequential mixed-methods study in Paraguay. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1214878. [PMID: 38919863 PMCID: PMC11197853 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1214878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Boredom, a state where the task at hand presents difficulties in attentional resources and attributed meaning, can be detrimental to talent development by reducing cognitive engagement. This study employed a mixed sequential design to assess boredom in adolescents with exceptional mathematical talent in Paraguay participating in a talent development program. Methods First, in the quantitative phase 54 students completed the Boredom Short Scale, School Attitudes Assessment Survey-Revised, and Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents. Next, in the qualitative phase 50 students participated in focus groups to explore their personal experiences of boredom, along with their perception of possible factors that impact boredom. Results Boredom in this population was similar to the general population of adolescents, albeit significant differences existed in items and subscales showing a pattern unique to this population; they tended to become bored quicker but had an easier time sparking interest in activities. Higher boredom had small to moderate correlations with worse attitudes at school and with teachers, lower motivation and self-regulation in academic activities, lower self-control, and lower involvement in personal projects. Higher valuation of goals and academic self-perception related with a lower tendency toward boredom only in the context of a talent development program, but not at school. Boredom seemed multifaceted, with dimensions such as the absence of meaning, superficial entertainment, and wasted time. Contributing factors included waiting for other people's slower pace, limited choices, lack of novelty, insufficient intellectual challenge, and the influence of teachers and social dynamics. Coping mechanisms included inner intellectual stimulation, seeking entertainment and escape, pursuing independent learning, extracurricular activities, like-minded peers, and extreme sensation-seeking. Discussion Fostering adequate challenge and support in advanced academic endeavors for the development of mathematical talent can prevent negative consequences associated with boredom in exceptionally talented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vuyk
- Aikumby Centro de Altas Capacidades y Creatividad, Asunción, Paraguay
- OMAPA – Organización Multidisciplinaria de Apoyo a Profesores y Alumnos, Asunción, Paraguay
- Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Maureen Montania
- Aikumby Centro de Altas Capacidades y Creatividad, Asunción, Paraguay
- OMAPA – Organización Multidisciplinaria de Apoyo a Profesores y Alumnos, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Liz Barrios
- Aikumby Centro de Altas Capacidades y Creatividad, Asunción, Paraguay
- OMAPA – Organización Multidisciplinaria de Apoyo a Profesores y Alumnos, Asunción, Paraguay
- Faculty of Economical Sciences, School of Economics, Asunción, Paraguay
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Thapa Magar TB, Mallik SK, Gurung P, Lim J, Kim YT, Shrestha R, Kim YW. Chlorin E6-Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Promotes an Anti-Photoaging Effect in UVB-Irradiated Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13468. [PMID: 37686273 PMCID: PMC10487708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT), in addition to being the first-line treatment for malignancies, has been shown to lessen skin photoaging, while curcumin is well known for reducing the deleterious effects of ROS. In the current study, PDT with three novel Ce6-curcumin derivatives, a combination of Ce6 and curcumin with various linkers, including propane-1,3-diamine for Ce6-propane-curcumin; hexane-1,6-diamine for Ce6-hexane-curcumin; and 3,3'-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propan-1-amine) for Ce6-dipolyethylene glycol (diPEG)-curcumin, were studied for regulation of UVB-induced photoaging on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/c 3T3) cells. We assessed the antiphotoaging effects of Ce6-curcumin derivatives on cell viability, antioxidant activity, the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 2 (MMP-2) expression, and collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated in vitro models. All three Ce6-curcumin derivatives were found to be non-phototoxic in the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test. We found that Ce6-hexane-curcumin-PDT and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT exhibited less cytotoxicity in Hs68 and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cell lines compared to Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT. Ce6-diPEG-curcumin and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT showed superior antioxidant activity in Hs68 cell lines. Further, in UVB-irradiated in vitro models, the Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT greatly attenuated the expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Ce6-diPEG-curcumin effectively inhibited inflammatory molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, while accelerating collagen synthesis. These results demonstrate that Ce6-diPEG-curcumin may be a potential therapy for treating skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Leisman G. On the Application of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience in Educational Environments. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1501. [PMID: 36358427 PMCID: PMC9688360 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper overviews components of neurologic processing efficiencies to develop innovative methodologies and thinking to school-based applications and changes in educational leadership based on sound findings in the cognitive neurosciences applied to schools and learners. Systems science can allow us to better manage classroom-based learning and instruction on the basis of relatively easily evaluated efficiencies or inefficiencies and optimization instead of simply examining achievement. "Medicalizing" the learning process with concepts such as "learning disability" or employing grading methods such as pass-fail does little to aid in understanding the processes that learners employ to acquire, integrate, remember, and apply information learned. The paper endeavors to overview and provided reference to tools that can be employed that allow a better focus on nervous system-based strategic approaches to classroom learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; or
- Department of Neurology, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, Havana 11300, Cuba
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Smedsrud JH, Nordahl-Hansen A, Idsøe E. Mathematically Gifted Students’ Experience With Their Teachers’ Mathematical Competence and Boredom in School: A Qualitative Interview Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:876350. [PMID: 35707664 PMCID: PMC9189393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent mathematics teachers who have knowledge of gifted students’ needs can challenge them in math and prevent boredom and possible underachievement. This retrospective study explores how Norwegian gifted students perceive their earlier teachers’ mathematical competency, as well as their reflections about boredom in school. The data were collected through qualitative semistructured interviews with 11 mathematically gifted students who participated in accelerated classes throughout school. The informants ranged in age from 16 to 19 years and were asked about how they experienced their math classes, teachers, and social aspects. The results indicate that students view their teachers as having less mathematical knowledge in earlier school than in later years and that teachers’ mathematical knowledge might affect whether they are able to challenge and identify students who are gifted in mathematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Hammer Smedsrud
- Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Jørgen Hammer Smedsrud,
| | - Anders Nordahl-Hansen
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Ella Idsøe
- Norwegian Centre for Science Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Alzahrani NS, Alshammari GM, El-Ansary A, Yagoub AEA, Amina M, Saleh A, Yahya MA. Anti-Hyperlipidemia, Hypoglycemic, and Hepatoprotective Impacts of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) Grains and Their Ethanol Extract on Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091791. [PMID: 35565759 PMCID: PMC9105973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the anti-hyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of whole pearl millet grain powder (MPG) and its ethanol extract (MPGethaolE) in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. The rats were divided into eight groups based on the treatments they received: control, high fat diet (HFD), HFD + MGE (25 mg/Kg), HFD + MPGethaolE (50 mg/Kg), HFD + MPGethaolE (100 mg/Kg), HFD + MPG (10%), HFD + MPG (20%), and HFD + MPG (30%). The final body weight, visceral, epididymal fat pads, and the liver weight were significantly decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, in HFD fed rats that were co-administered either the MPG powder or MPGethaolE. In the same line, serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), as well as fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and adiponectin were progressively decreased while serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c) were significantly increased when increasing the doses of both treatments. In conclusion, both the raw powder and ethanolic extract of MP have a comparative dose-dependent anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-steatotic in HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah S. Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
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Kuhn T, Blades R, Gottlieb L, Knudsen K, Ashdown C, Martin-Harris L, Ghahremani D, Dang BH, Bilder RM, Bookheimer SY. Neuroanatomical differences in the memory systems of intellectual giftedness and typical development. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2348. [PMID: 34651457 PMCID: PMC8613411 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studying neuro-structural markers of intellectual giftedness (IG) will inform scientific understanding of the processes helping children excel academically. METHODS Structural and diffusion-weighted MRI was used to compare regional brain shape and connectivity of 12 children with average to high average IQ and 18 IG children, defined as having IQ greater than 145. RESULTS IG had larger subcortical structures and more robust white matter microstructural organization between those structures in regions associated with explicit memory. TD had more connected, larger subcortical structures in regions associated with implicit memory. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the memory systems within brains of children with exceptional intellectual abilities are differently sized and connected compared to the brains of typically developing children. These different neurodevelopmental trajectories suggest different learning strategies. A spectrum of intelligence types is envisioned, facilitated by different ratios of implicit and explicit system, which was validated using a large external dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kuhn
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Robin Blades
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Lev Gottlieb
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Kendra Knudsen
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Christopher Ashdown
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Laurel Martin-Harris
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Dara Ghahremani
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Bianca H Dang
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
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Anzalone C, Luedke JC, Green JJ, Decker SL. QEEG coherence patterns related to mathematics ability in children. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 11:328-338. [PMID: 33052731 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1830403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigates the utility of resting-state EEG coherence values in predicting standardized math scores in children. Quantitative EEG and standardized academic achievement analyses were performed on 60 school-aged children. Analyses assessing intrahemispheric coherence at rest were conducted across the sample of participants and several coherence networks were extracted and compared to standardized math achievement values. Specifically, networks that included Brodmann area 40 (a brain region involved in the cognitive processes responsible for mathematics performance) and whose coherence values were significantly correlated with standardized math scores were examined. Results indicate a total of four coherence networks, two in each hemisphere, that have utility in predicting general math skills in children. In addition to BA 40, these coherence networks include BAs in the right temporal lobe, right frontoparietal lobe, left superior temporal lobe, and the left medial prefrontal cortex. These findings address the current dearth of research on the neurological connectivity patterns that are foundational for mathematics abilities in children. Further, these results lay a foundation for the supplementary use of EEG in the assessment and identification practices surrounding math learning disabilities in children and additionally provide a neurocognitive framework upon which intervention research may be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Anzalone
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica C Luedke
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica J Green
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Scott L Decker
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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9
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Zhang L, Gan JQ, Zhu Y, Wang J, Wang H. EEG source-space synchrostate transitions and Markov modeling in the math-gifted brain during a long-chain reasoning task. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3620-3636. [PMID: 32469458 PMCID: PMC7416043 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal transition dynamics of global neuronal networks of math-gifted adolescents in handling long-chain reasoning, this study explores momentary phase-synchronized patterns, that is, electroencephalogram (EEG) synchrostates, of intracerebral sources sustained in successive 50 ms time windows during a reasoning task and non-task idle process. Through agglomerative hierarchical clustering for functional connectivity graphs and nested iterative cosine similarity tests, this study identifies seven general and one reasoning-specific prototypical functional connectivity patterns from all synchrostates. Markov modeling is performed for the time-sequential synchrostates of each trial to characterize the interstate transitions. The analysis reveals that default mode network, central executive network (CEN), dorsal attention network, cingulo-opercular network, left/right ventral frontoparietal network, and ventral visual network aperiodically recur over non-task or reasoning process, exhibiting high predictability in interactively reachable transitions. Compared to non-gifted subjects, math-gifted adolescents show higher fractional occupancy and mean duration in CEN and reasoning-triggered transient right frontotemporal network (rFTN) in the time course of the reasoning process. Statistical modeling of Markov chains reveals that there are more self-loops in CEN and rFTN of the math-gifted brain, suggesting robust state durability in temporally maintaining the topological structures. Besides, math-gifted subjects show higher probabilities in switching from the other types of synchrostates to CEN and rFTN, which represents more adaptive reconfiguration of connectivity pattern in the large-scale cortical network for focused task-related information processing, which underlies superior executive functions in controlling goal-directed persistence and high predictability of implementing imagination and creative thinking during long-chain reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - John Q Gan
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Haixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Solé-Casals J, Serra-Grabulosa JM, Romero-Garcia R, Vilaseca G, Adan A, Vilaró N, Bargalló N, Bullmore ET. Structural brain network of gifted children has a more integrated and versatile topology. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2373-2383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Shen IH, Liu PY, Chen CL. Neural correlates underlying spatial and verbal working memory in children with different mathematics achievement levels: An event-related potential study. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 133:149-158. [PMID: 30012458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Liu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Rehabilitation, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
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