1
|
Huang AF, Zhou L, Xu WD. The causal associations of inflammatory cytokines with obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization study. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15214. [PMID: 38831532 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have partly discussed the roles of inflammatory cytokines in obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the causal relationship among inflammatory cytokines, obesity, and SLE is unclear. It is challenging to comprehensively evaluate the causal relationship between these variables. This study aimed to investigate the role of cytokines as intermediates between obesity and SLE. METHODS The inverse-variance weighted method (IVW) of mendelian randomization (MR) is mainly used to explore the causal relationship between exposure and outcome by using the genetic variation of the open large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), namely single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity (more than 600 000 participants), inflammatory cytokines (8293 healthy participants) and SLE (7219 cases). Methods such as weighted median, MR-Egger are used to evaluate the reliability of causality. Reverse analysis is performed for each MR analysis to avoid reverse causality. Cochran's Q statistic and funnel chart are used to detect heterogeneity, MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses evaluated pleiotropy. RESULTS Obesity was associated with 25 cytokines, and 3 cytokines were associated with SLE, including CTACK (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.33, p = .002), IL-18 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.26, p = .027), SCGFb (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.99, p = .044). In the opposite direction, SLE was associated with 18 cytokines, and 2 cytokines were associated with obesity, including IP-10 (βIVW = -.03, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01, p = .002), MIP-1B (βIVW = -.03, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01, p = .004). CONCLUSION Our MR study suggested that CTACK, IL-18 and SCGFb may play an intermediary role in obesity to SLE, while IP-10 and MIP-1B may play an intermediary role in SLE to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agarwal AK, Tunison K, Vale G, McDonald JG, Li X, Horton JD, Garg A. Adipose-specific overexpression of human AGPAT2 in mice causes increased adiposity and mild hepatic dysfunction. iScience 2024; 27:108653. [PMID: 38274405 PMCID: PMC10809107 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AGPAT2, a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerol (TAG), is highly expressed in adipose tissue (AT). Whether overexpression of AGPAT2 in AT will result in increased TAG synthesis (obesity) and its metabolic complications remains unknown. We overexpressed human AGPAT2 specifically in AT using the adiponectin promoter and report increased mass of subcutaneous, gonadal, and brown AT in wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, overexpression of hAGPAT2 did not change the pattern of phospholipid or TAG concentration of the AT depots. Although there is an increase in liver weight, plasma aspartate aminotransferase, and plasma insulin at various time points of the study, it did not result in significant liver dysfunction. Despite increased adiposity in the Tg-AT-hAGPAT2;mAgpat2+/+ mice, there was no significant increase in TAG concentration of AT. Therefore, this study suggests a role of AGPAT2 in the generation of AT, but not for adipocyte TAG synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Agarwal
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katie Tunison
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jay D. Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta S, Banavath HN, Tejavath KK. Pharmacoinformatic screening of phytoconstituent and evaluation of its anti-PDAC effect using in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10627-10641. [PMID: 36510680 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With no prominent treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in conventional chemotherapy, recent studies have focused on uniting conventional and traditional medicines including plant phytoconstituents. Herein, we used pharmacoinformatic studies to identify potent phytoconstituent as ligand having inhibition activities against canonical anticancer targets, and evaluated its effect on PDAC cell lines. SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred tools were utilized to segregate protein targets of ligand in humans, following which FunRich was applied to garner its targets in PDAC. STRING analysis predicted protein-protein interactions and dynamic simulation studies confirmed stability of ligand-protein complex. For in vitro cytotoxic potential, ligand treatment at different concentrations was given to PDAC cell lines both alone and combined with gemcitabine, followed by evaluation of effects on migration. Differential gene expression was checked using PCR for evaluating mechanism of cytotoxicity. Results showed pentagalloylglucose (PGG) with highest docking and MMGBSA scores for Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) inhibition site. SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred analysis detected 40 targets of PGG in PDAC. Simulation data showed stability of protein-ligand complex. In in vitro experiments Mia-PaCa-2 was more sensitive to PGG than Panc-1. PGG successfully inhibited migration both alone and in combination with gemcitabine. Additionally, PGG treatment induced apoptosis in both the cell lines; but showed antagonism when combined with gemcitabine. In conclusion, our report demonstrates PGG has good binding with Cox2 and showed anti-PDAC activity by inhibiting migration and inducing apoptosis, thus it can be used as a therapy option. But further studies are required to confirm its behaviour as a combination therapy drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemanth Naick Banavath
- Department of Sports Bio-Sciences, School of Sports Science MYAS-CURAJ, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Tejavath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agarwal AK, Tunison K, Vale G, McDonald JG, Li X, Scherer PE, Horton JD, Garg A. Regulated adipose tissue-specific expression of human AGPAT2 in lipodystrophic Agpat2-null mice results in regeneration of adipose tissue. iScience 2023; 26:107806. [PMID: 37752957 PMCID: PMC10518674 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic loss of Agpat2 in humans and mice results in congenital generalized lipodystrophy with near-total loss of adipose tissue and predisposition to develop insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism by which Agpat2 deficiency results in loss of adipose tissue remains unknown. We studied this by re-expressing human AGPAT2 (hAGPAT2) in Agpat2-null mice, regulated by doxycycline. In both sexes of Agpat2-null mice, adipose-tissue-specific re-expression of hAGPAT2 resulted in partial regeneration of both white and brown adipose tissue (but only 30%-50% compared with wild-type mice), which had molecular signatures of adipocytes, including leptin secretion. Furthermore, the stromal vascular fraction cells of regenerated adipose depots differentiated ex vivo only with doxycycline, suggesting the essential role of Agpat2 in adipocyte differentiation. Turning off expression of hAGPAT2 in vivo resulted in total loss of regenerated adipose tissue, clear evidence that Agpat2 is essential for adipocyte differentiation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Agarwal
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katie Tunison
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Center for Diabetes Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jay D. Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ullah A, Ud Din A, Ding W, Shi Z, Pervaz S, Shen B. A narrative review: CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in obesity and obesity-related diseases: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:611-631. [PMID: 37000372 PMCID: PMC10063956 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of the low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes obesity. This low-grade systemic inflammation can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the CXC chemokines consists of numerous regulators of inflammation, cellular function, and cellular migration, it is still unknown that how CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors contribute to the development of metabolic diseases (such as T2D and NAFLD) during obesity. In light of recent research, the objective of this review is to provide an update on the linkage between the CXC chemokine, obesity, and obesity-related metabolic diseases (T2D and NAFLD). We explore the differential migratory and immunomodulatory potential of CXC chemokines and their mechanisms of action to better understand their role in clinical and laboratory contexts. Besides that, because CXC chemokine profiling is strongly linked to leukocyte recruitment, macrophage recruitment, and immunomodulatory potential, we hypothesize that it could be used to predict the therapeutic potential for obesity and obesity-related diseases (T2D and NAFLD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated hospital, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omit SBS, Akhter S, Rana HK, Rana ARMMH, Podder NK, Rakib MI, Nobi A. Identification of Comorbidities, Genomic Associations, and Molecular Mechanisms for COVID-19 Using Bioinformatics Approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6996307. [PMID: 36685671 PMCID: PMC9848821 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6996307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been done to identify comorbidities of COVID-19. In this work, we developed an analytical bioinformatics framework to reveal COVID-19 comorbidities, their genomic associations, and molecular mechanisms accomplishing transcriptomic analyses of the RNA-seq datasets provided by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, where normal and infected tissues were evaluated. Using the framework, we identified 27 COVID-19 correlated diseases out of 7,092 collected diseases. Analyzing clinical and epidemiological research, we noticed that our identified 27 diseases are associated with COVID-19, where hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and lung cancer are observed several times in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we selected the above four diseases and performed assorted analyses to demonstrate the association between COVID-19 and hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and lung cancer as comorbidities. We investigated genomic associations with the cross-comparative analysis and Jaccard's similarity index, identifying shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and linking DEGs of COVID-19 and the comorbidities, in which we identified hypertension as the most associated illness. We also revealed molecular mechanisms by identifying statistically significant ten pathways and ten ontologies. Moreover, to understand cellular physiology, we did protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses among the comorbidities and COVID-19. We also used the degree centrality method and identified ten biomarker hub proteins (IL1B, CXCL8, FN1, MMP9, CXCL10, IL1A, IRF7, VWF, CXCL9, and ISG15) that associate COVID-19 with the comorbidities. Finally, we validated our findings by searching the published literature. Thus, our analytical approach elicited interconnections between COVID-19 and the aforementioned comorbidities in terms of remarkable DEGs, pathways, ontologies, PPI, and biomarker hub proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shudeb Babu Sen Omit
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akhter
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Humayan Kabir Rana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Green University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - A. R. M. Mahamudul Hasan Rana
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Nitun Kumar Podder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Islam Rakib
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Ashadun Nobi
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|