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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez AP, Martínez-Pérez A, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, Gonzalez S. Chemo-Immunotherapy: A New Trend in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112912. [PMID: 37296876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been the basis of advanced cancer treatment for decades. This therapy has largely been considered immunosuppressive, yet accumulated preclinical and clinical evidence shows that certain chemotherapeutic drugs, under defined conditions, may stimulate antitumor immunity and potentiate immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy. Its effectiveness has been highlighted by recent regulatory approvals of various combinations of chemotherapy with ICIs in several tumors, particularly in some difficult-to-treat cancers. This review discusses the immune modulatory properties of chemotherapy and how they may be harnessed to develop novel chemo-immunotherapy combinations. It also highlights the key determinants of the success of chemo-immunotherapy and provides an overview of the combined chemo-immunotherapies that have been clinically approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana P Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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2
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Kazemi MH, Shokrollahi Barough M, Momeni-Varposhti Z, Ghanavatinejad A, Zarehzadeh Mehrabadi A, Sadeghi B, Falak R. Pentoxifylline changes the balance of immune cell population in breast tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Med Oncol 2023; 40:168. [PMID: 37149505 PMCID: PMC10164001 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy utilizing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Pentoxifylline (PTXF), a xanthine derivative, exhibits antitumor properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PTXF on the phenotype and function of TILs and splenocytes in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse model. TNBC was subcutaneously induced in BALB/c mice, followed by nine intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg PTXF. TILs were then isolated by enzymatic digestion of tumors and cocultured with 4T1 cells. The proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytotoxic T cells in TILs and splenocytes was assessed using flow cytometry. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interferon (IFN)-γ production in TILs and splenocytes cultures was measured by ELISA. Relative expression of t-bet, foxp3, gata-3, and ror-γt in TILs and splenocytes was evaluated using real-time PCR. Tumor growth in PTXF-treated mice was significantly lower than that in the controls (P < 0.01). The frequency of regulatory and cytotoxic TILs in PTXF-treated mice was approximately half (P < 0.01) and twice (P < 0.05) that of the control group, respectively. The level of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the supernatant of PTXF-treated TILs was decreased and increased, respectively (P < 0.05). The relative expression of t-bet and foxp3 in the PTXF-treated mice compared to controls was increased and decreased, respectively (P < 0.05). Changes in the immune cell balance were less significant in the spleen compared to the TILs. PTXF treatment could limit the tumor growth and modify the regulatory-to-cytotoxic TILs ratio, as well as cytokine balance of TILs, in favor of antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shokrollahi Barough
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Momeni-Varposhti
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarehzadeh Mehrabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Sadeghi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran.
- Translational Cell Therapy Research (TCR), Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Gupta R, Kadhim MM, Turki Jalil A, Qasim Alasheqi M, Alsaikhan F, Khalimovna Mukhamedova N, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Hassan Jawhar Z, Ramaiah P, Najafi M. The interactions of docetaxel with tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110214. [PMID: 37126985 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are several interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that affect the response of cancer cells to therapy. There are also a large number of cells and secretions in TME that increase resistance to therapy. Following the release of immunosuppressive, pro-angiogenic, and metastatic molecules by certain cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and cancer cells, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis may be induced. However, natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes (CTLs) can responsively release anticancer molecules. In addition, anticancer drugs can modulate these cells and their interactions in favor of either cancer resistance or therapy. Docetaxel belongs to taxanes, a class of anti-tumor drugs, which acts through the polymerization of tubulin and the induction of cell cycle arrest. Also, it has been revealed that taxanes including docetaxel affect cancer cells and the other cells within TME through some other mechanisms such as modulation of immune system responses, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In this paper, we explain the basic mechanisms of docetaxel interactions with malignant cells. Besides, we review the diverse effects of docetaxel on TME and cancer cells in consequence. Lastly, the modulatory effects of docetaxel alone or in conjunction with other anticancer agents on anti-tumor immunity, cancer cell resistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, District-Mathura, 281406 U. P., India
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10022, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medillin 050001, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Azogues 030102, Ecuador
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | | | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran.
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Jones AB, Rocco A, Lamb LS, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Regulation of NKG2D Stress Ligands and Its Relevance in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2339. [PMID: 35565467 PMCID: PMC9105350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Under cellular distress, multiple facets of normal homeostatic signaling are altered or disrupted. In the context of the immune landscape, external and internal stressors normally promote the expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands that allow for the targeted recognition and killing of cells by NKG2D receptor-bearing effector populations. The presence or absence of NKG2D ligands can heavily influence disease progression and impact the accessibility of immunotherapy options. In cancer, tumor cells are known to have distinct regulatory mechanisms for NKG2D ligands that are directly associated with tumor progression and maintenance. Therefore, understanding the regulation of NKG2D ligands in cancer will allow for targeted therapeutic endeavors aimed at exploiting the stress response pathway. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms controlling the induction and repression of NKG2D ligands in cancer. Additionally, we highlight current therapeutic endeavors targeting NKG2D ligand expression and offer our perspective on considerations to further enhance the field of NKG2D ligand biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B. Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Abbey Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.R.); (G.K.F.)
| | | | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.R.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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5
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Nie Y, Liu D, Yang W, Li Y, Zhang L, Cheng X, Chen R, Yuan B, Zhang G, Wang H. Increased expression of TIGIT and KLRG1 correlates with impaired CD56 bright NK cell immunity in HPV16-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Virol J 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 35413989 PMCID: PMC9003970 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are closely associated with the persistent infection of high-risk HPV (especially type16), which is mainly caused by immune escape. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role against virally infected cells and tumor cells through a fine balance of signals from multiple surface receptors. Overexpression of non-MHC-I specific inhibitory receptors TIGIT, KLRG1, Siglec-7, LAIR-1, and CD300a on NK cells correlates with cellular exhaustion and immune evasion, but these receptors have not been investigated in CIN. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential role of NK cell non-MHC-I specific inhibitory receptors expression in immune escape from HPV16(+)CIN patients. METHODS The subset distribution, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression levels and immunophenotype of TIGIT, KLRG1, Siglec-7, LAIR-1, and CD300a of NK cells were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples by flow cytometry from 82 women who were HPV16(+) with CIN grades 0, I, II-III or HPV(-) CIN 0. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of ligands for NK receptors in the cervical tissues. HPV types were identified by PCR assays. RESULTS The HPV16(+) subjects with high-grade lesions had an increased number of circulating peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells with reduced functionality and IFN-γ secretion. The expression levels of the inhibitory molecules TIGIT and KLRG1 on CD56bright NK cells increased in parallel with increasing CIN grade. In addition, TIGIT and KLRG1 related ligands, Poliovirus receptor (PVR), N-Cadherin and E-Cadherin expression level was also elevated with increasing CIN grade. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that up-regulation of the inhibitory TIGIT, KLRG1 and their ligands may negatively regulate cervical CD56bright NK-mediated immunity to HPV16 and contribute to the progression of CIN. These results may facilitate the development of early-warning immune predictors and therapeutic strategies for HPV16(+) CIN based on the TIGIT and KLRG1 inhibitory pathways of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Nie
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.,Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Li
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Henan, China
| | - Guangzheng Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Henan, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.
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6
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Song Y, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Zhao R, Huang Q. Stress-Induced Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells: Unique Way of Formation and Non-Negligible Characteristics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:724781. [PMID: 34527590 PMCID: PMC8435787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.724781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is a conserved mechanism in cell development and stress responses. Multiple stresses of treatment, including radiation and chemotherapy drugs, can induce the polyploidization of tumor cells. Through endoreplication or cell fusion, diploid tumor cells convert into giant tumor cells with single large nuclei or multiple small nucleuses. Some of the stress-induced colossal cells, which were previously thought to be senescent and have no ability to proliferate, can escape the fate of death by a special way. They can remain alive at least before producing progeny cells through asymmetric cell division, a depolyploidization way named neosis. Those large and danger cells are recognized as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Such cells are under suspicion of being highly related to tumor recurrence and metastasis after treatment and can bring new targets for cancer therapy. However, differences in formation mechanisms between PGCCs and well-accepted polyploid cancer cells are largely unknown. In this review, the methods used in different studies to induce polyploid cells are summarized, and several mechanisms of polyploidization are demonstrated. Besides, we discuss some characteristics related to the poor prognosis caused by PGCCs in order to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of these huge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Significance: Genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, renders cancer cells susceptible to genomic stress from both endogenous and exogenous origins, resulting in the increased tendency to accrue DNA damage, chromosomal instability, or aberrant DNA localization. Apart from the cell autonomous tumor-promoting effects, genomic stress in cancer cells could have a profound impact on the tumor microenvironment. Recent Advances: Recently, it is increasingly appreciated that harnessing genomic stress could provide a promising strategy to revive antitumor immunity, and thereby offer new therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment. Critical Issues: Genomic stress is closely intertwined with antitumor immunity via mechanisms involving the direct crosstalk with DNA damage response components, upregulation of immune-stimulatory/inhibitory ligands, release of damage-associated molecular patterns, increase of neoantigen repertoire, and activation of DNA sensing pathways. A better understanding of these mechanisms will provide molecular basis for exploiting the genomic stress to boost antitumor immunity. Future Directions: Future research should pay attention to the heterogeneity between individual cancers in the genomic instability and the associated immune response, and how to balance the toxicity and benefit by specifying the types, potency, and treatment sequence of genomic stress inducer in therapeutic practice. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1128-1150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Pu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Tao
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Toffoli EC, Sheikhi A, Höppner YD, de Kok P, Yazdanpanah-Samani M, Spanholtz J, Verheul HMW, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD. Natural Killer Cells and Anti-Cancer Therapies: Reciprocal Effects on Immune Function and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040711. [PMID: 33572396 PMCID: PMC7916216 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in the immune response against cancer. Their activity is controlled by a balance of inhibitory and activating receptors, which in cancer can be skewed to favor their suppression in support of immune escape. It is therefore imperative to find ways to optimize their antitumor functionality. In this review, we explore and discuss how their activity influences, or even mediates, the efficacy of various anti-cancer therapies and, vice versa, how their activity can be affected by these therapies. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these observations could provide rationales for combining anti-cancer treatments with strategies enhancing NK cell function in order to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Abstract Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the unique ability to recognize and kill virus-infected and cancer cells without prior immune sensitization. Due to their expression of the Fc receptor CD16, effector NK cells can kill tumor cells through antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, making them relevant players in antibody-based cancer therapies. The role of NK cells in other approved and experimental anti-cancer therapies is more elusive. Here, we review the possible role of NK cells in the efficacy of various anti-tumor therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, as well as the impact of these therapies on NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa C. Toffoli
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (Y.D.H.); (P.d.K.); (H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (Y.D.H.); (P.d.K.); (H.J.v.d.V.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful 64616-43993, Iran
| | - Yannick D. Höppner
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (Y.D.H.); (P.d.K.); (H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Pita de Kok
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (Y.D.H.); (P.d.K.); (H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Mahsa Yazdanpanah-Samani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran;
| | - Jan Spanholtz
- Glycostem, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands;
| | - Henk M. W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (Y.D.H.); (P.d.K.); (H.J.v.d.V.)
- Lava Therapeutics, Yalelaan 60, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.T.); (A.S.); (Y.D.H.); (P.d.K.); (H.J.v.d.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-4444063
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9
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Cao Y, Wang X, Jin T, Tian Y, Dai C, Widarma C, Song R, Xu F. Immune checkpoint molecules in natural killer cells as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:250. [PMID: 33122640 PMCID: PMC7596531 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy to treat multiple types of cancer. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that play essential roles in tumor surveillance and control that efficiently kill the tumor and do not require the major histocompatibility complex. The discovery of the NK's potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer is a relief to oncologists as they face the challenge of increased chemo-resistant cancers. NK cells show great potential against solid and hematologic tumors and have progressively shown promise as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The effector role of these cells is reliant on the balance of inhibitory and activating signals. Understanding the role of various immune checkpoint molecules in the exhaustion and impairment of NK cells when their inhibitory receptors are excessively expressed is particularly important in cancer immunotherapy studies and clinical implementation. Emerging immune checkpoint receptors and molecules have been found to mediate NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment; this has brought up the need to explore further additional NK cell-related immune checkpoints that may be exploited to enhance the immune response to refractory cancers. Accordingly, this review will focus on the recent findings concerning the roles of immune checkpoint molecules and receptors in the regulation of NK cell function, as well as their potential application in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianqiang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Crystal Widarma
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Mei KC, Liao YP, Jiang J, Chiang M, Khazaieli M, Liu X, Wang X, Liu Q, Chang CH, Zhang X, Li J, Ji Y, Melano B, Telesca D, Xia T, Meng H, Nel AE. Liposomal Delivery of Mitoxantrone and a Cholesteryl Indoximod Prodrug Provides Effective Chemo-immunotherapy in Multiple Solid Tumors. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13343-13366. [PMID: 32940463 PMCID: PMC8023019 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a custom-designed liposome carrier for codelivery of a potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) stimulus plus an inhibitor of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) pathway to establish a chemo-immunotherapy approach for solid tumors in syngeneic mice. The carrier was constructed by remote import of the anthraquinone chemotherapeutic agent, mitoxantrone (MTO), into the liposomes, which were further endowed with a cholesterol-conjugated indoximod (IND) prodrug in the lipid bilayer. For proof-of-principle testing, we used IV injection of the MTO/IND liposome in a CT26 colon cancer model to demonstrate the generation of a robust immune response, characterized by the appearance of ICD markers (CRT and HMGB-1) as well as evidence of cytotoxic cancer cell death, mediated by perforin and granzyme B. Noteworthy, the cytotoxic effects involved natural killer (NK) cell, which suggests a different type of ICD response. The immunotherapy response was significantly augmented by codelivery of the IND prodrug, which induced additional CRT expression, reduced number of Foxp3+ Treg, and increased perforin release, in addition to extending animal survival beyond the effect of an MTO-only liposome. The outcome reflects the improved pharmacokinetics of MTO delivery to the cancer site by the carrier. In light of the success in the CT26 model, we also assessed the platform efficacy in further breast cancer (EMT6 and 4T1) and renal cancer (RENCA) models, which overexpress IDO-1. Encapsulated MTO delivery was highly effective for inducing chemo-immunotherapy responses, with NK participation, in all tumor models. Moreover, the growth inhibitory effect of MTO was enhanced by IND codelivery in EMT6 and 4T1 tumors. All considered, our data support the use of encapsulated MTO delivery for chemo-immunotherapy, with the possibility to boost the immune response by codelivery of an IDO-1 pathway inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Mei
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michelle Chiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mercedeh Khazaieli
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Juan Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Ying Ji
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Brenda Melano
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Donatello Telesca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
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11
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Beola L, Asín L, Roma-Rodrigues C, Fernández-Afonso Y, Fratila RM, Serantes D, Ruta S, Chantrell RW, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV, de la Fuente JM, Grazú V, Gutiérrez L. The Intracellular Number of Magnetic Nanoparticles Modulates the Apoptotic Death Pathway after Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43474-43487. [PMID: 32870658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia is a cancer treatment based on the exposure of magnetic nanoparticles to an alternating magnetic field in order to generate local heat. In this work, 3D cell culture models were prepared to observe the effect that a different number of internalized particles had on the mechanisms of cell death triggered upon the magnetic hyperthermia treatment. Macrophages were selected by their high capacity to uptake nanoparticles. Intracellular nanoparticle concentrations up to 7.5 pg Fe/cell were measured both by elemental analysis and magnetic characterization techniques. Cell viability after the magnetic hyperthermia treatment was decreased to <25% for intracellular iron contents above 1 pg per cell. Theoretical calculations of the intracellular thermal effects that occurred during the alternating magnetic field application indicated a very low increase in the global cell temperature. Different apoptotic routes were triggered depending on the number of internalized particles. At low intracellular magnetic nanoparticle amounts (below 1 pg Fe/cell), the intrinsic route was the main mechanism to induce apoptosis, as observed by the high Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio and low caspase-8 activity. In contrast, at higher concentrations of internalized magnetic nanoparticles (1-7.5 pg Fe/cell), the extrinsic route was observed through the increased activity of caspase-8. Nevertheless, both mechanisms may coexist at intermediate iron concentrations. Knowledge on the different mechanisms of cell death triggered after the magnetic hyperthermia treatment is fundamental to understand the biological events activated by this procedure and their role in its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne Beola
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Asín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Cičncias da Vida, Faculdade de Cičncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Yilian Fernández-Afonso
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Serantes
- Applied Physics Department and Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sergiu Ruta
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Roy W Chantrell
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Cičncias da Vida, Faculdade de Cičncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Cičncias da Vida, Faculdade de Cičncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Polyploidy (or whole-genome duplication) is the condition of having more than two basic sets of chromosomes. Polyploidization is well tolerated in many species and can lead to specific biological functions. In mammals, programmed polyploidization takes place during development in certain tissues, such as the heart and placenta, and is considered a feature of differentiation. However, unscheduled polyploidization can cause genomic instability and has been observed in pathological conditions, such as cancer. Polyploidy of the liver parenchyma was first described more than 100 years ago. The liver is one of the few mammalian organs that display changes in polyploidy during homeostasis, regeneration and in response to damage. In the human liver, approximately 30% of hepatocytes are polyploid. The polyploidy of hepatocytes results from both nuclear polyploidy (an increase in the amount of DNA per nucleus) and cellular polyploidy (an increase in the number of nuclei per cell). In this Review, we discuss the regulation of polyploidy in liver development and pathophysiology. We also provide an overview of current knowledge about the mechanisms of hepatocyte polyploidization, its biological importance and the fate of polyploid hepatocytes during liver tumorigenesis.
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13
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Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Vitale I, Harrington KJ, Melero I, Galluzzi L. Immunological impact of cell death signaling driven by radiation on the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:120-134. [PMID: 31873291 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic irradiation of the tumor microenvironment causes differential activation of pro-survival and pro-death pathways in malignant, stromal, endothelial and immune cells, hence causing a profound cellular and biological reconfiguration via multiple, non-redundant mechanisms. Such mechanisms include the selective elimination of particularly radiosensitive cell types and consequent loss of specific cellular functions, the local release of cytokines and danger signals by dying radiosensitive cells, and altered cytokine secretion by surviving radioresistant cells. Altogether, these processes create chemotactic and immunomodulatory cues for incoming and resident immune cells. Here we discuss how cytoprotective and cytotoxic signaling modules activated by radiation in specific cell populations reshape the immunological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esperanza Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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14
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Xie X, Ma L, Zhou Y, Shen W, Xu D, Dou J, Shen B, Zhou C. Polysaccharide enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer via TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB pathway in vitro/vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115223. [PMID: 31521276 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide isolated from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs (SEP) reportedly displays immune activity in vivo. Here, its effect and underlying mechanism in the treatment of pancreatic cancer were investigated. SEP obviously inhibited pancreatic cancer growth by activating NK cells in vitro/vivo via TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, The tumor inhibitory rate achieved to 44.5% and 50.8% at a dose of 40 mg/kg in Bxpc-3 and SW1990 nude mice, respectively. Moreover, SEP obviously augmented the Gemcitabine (GEM) antitumor effect by upregulating NKG2D, which improved the sensitivity of NK cells targeting to its ligand MICA; meanwhile, the antitumor inhibitory rate was 68.6% in BxPC-3 tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, SEP reversed GEM-induced apoptosis and atrophy in both spleen and bone marrow via suppressing ROS secretion in vivo. These results suggested that pancreatic cancer was effectively inhibited by SEP-enhanced NK cytotoxicity mediated primarily through TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, representing a potential immunotherapy candidate for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wen Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Duiyue Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Dou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Changlin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
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15
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Lorenzo-Herrero S, Sordo-Bahamonde C, González S, López-Soto A. Immunosurveillance of cancer cell stress. Cell Stress 2019; 3:295-309. [PMID: 31535086 PMCID: PMC6732214 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is tightly controlled by effector immune responses that recognize and eliminate malignantly transformed cells. Nonetheless, certain immune subsets, such as tumor-associated macrophages, have been described to promote tumor growth, unraveling a double-edge role of the immune system in cancer. Cell stress can modulate the crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells, reshaping tumor immunogenicity and/or immune function and phenotype. Infiltrating immune cells are exposed to the challenging conditions typically present in the tumor microenvironment. In return, the myriad of signaling pathways activated in response to stress conditions may tip the balance toward stimulation of antitumor responses or immune-mediated tumor progression. Here, we explore how distinct situations of cellular stress influence innate and adaptive immunity and the consequent impact on cancer establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo González
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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16
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Lorenzo-Herrero S, Sordo-Bahamonde C, González S, López-Soto A. Evaluation of NK cell cytotoxic activity against malignant cells by the calcein assay. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:483-495. [PMID: 31948565 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system exerts a tight cancer surveillance to eradicate nascent and developing tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells rely on their cytotoxic activity to eliminate abnormal or stressed cells, including those undergoing malignant transformation. Thereupon, NK cells, along with CD8+ T cells, are effector immune cells with a pivotal role in cancer immunosurveillance. Due to the outstanding effectivity of immunotherapy in cancer management, strategies aimed at boosting NK cell-mediated tumor recognition and elimination are being thoroughly studied, such as approaches to induce tumor surface expression of NK cell activating ligands. Additionally, the development of methods to evaluate NK cell cytotoxic responses towards malignant cells with distinct immunogenic profiles is of paramount relevance. In this chapter, we detail a simple but highly sensitive and reproducible methodological approach to quantify in vitro NK cell-mediated lysis of a given target cell, e.g. a tumor cell, based on calcein-AM staining and fluorescence detection. Further, this method can be employed to determine the impact of chemical modulators or antibodies blocking cell surface proteins on the antitumor capacity of NK cells, with the aim to improve anticancer immune responses and elucidate the underlying mechanisms regulating NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo González
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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17
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Tijhuis AE, Johnson SC, McClelland SE. The emerging links between chromosomal instability (CIN), metastasis, inflammation and tumour immunity. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 31114634 PMCID: PMC6518824 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers possess an incorrect number of chromosomes, a state described as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is often caused by Chromosomal Instability (CIN), a process of continuous chromosome mis-segregation. CIN is believed to endow tumours with enhanced evolutionary capabilities due to increased intratumour heterogeneity, and facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies. Recently, however, additional consequences and associations with CIN have been revealed, prompting the need to understand this universal hallmark of cancer in a multifaceted context. This review is focused on the investigation of possible links between CIN, metastasis and the host immune system in cancer development and treatment. We specifically focus on these links since most cancer deaths are due to the consequences of metastasis, and immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding novel avenue of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa E. Tijhuis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Sarah C. Johnson
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Sarah E. McClelland
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
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18
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Shahrabi S, Zayeri ZD, Ansari N, Hadad EH, Rajaei E. Flip-flops of natural killer cells in autoimmune diseases versus cancers: Immunologic axis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16998-17010. [PMID: 30864163 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the immune response to infections, inflammations, and malignancies. Recent studies suggest that NK cell surface receptors and cytokines are the key points of the disease development and protection. We hypothesized that the interactions between NK cell receptors and targeted cells construct an eventual niche, and this niche has an eventual profile in various autoimmune diseases and cancers. The NK cells preactivated with cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 can have higher cytotoxicity; however, the toxic side effect of IL-2 should be considered. The vicissitudes of NK cell profile and its receptors obey the environmental communications and cell interactions. Our vision around the NK cells as an immune axis remained dual, and we still cannot judge the immune responses based on the NK cell flip-flop. A design of eventual niche to monitor the NK cell and targeted cell interaction is needed to strengthen our ability in diagnosis and treatment approaches based on the NK cells. Here, we have reviewed the shifts in the NK cells and their surface receptors in autoimmune diseases, solid tumors, and leukemia, and also discussed the effective chemokines that affect NK cell activation and proliferation. The main aim of this review is to present a broader vision of the NK cell changes in autoimmune disease and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zeinab D Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Ansari
- Isfahan Bone Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham H Hadad
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Rajaei
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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19
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Lorenzo-Herrero S, Sordo-Bahamonde C, Gonzalez S, López-Soto A. CD107a Degranulation Assay to Evaluate Immune Cell Antitumor Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:119-130. [PMID: 30465198 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is under surveillance by the immune system of the host. Tumor cells can be recognized and killed by cytotoxic lymphocytes- such as CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells-mainly through the immune secretion of lytic granules that kill target cells. This process involves the fusion of the granule membrane with the cytoplasmic membrane of the immune effector cell, resulting in surface exposure of lysosomal-associated proteins that are typically present on the lipid bilayer surrounding lytic granules, such as CD107a. Therefore, membrane expression of CD107a constitutes a marker of immune cell activation and cytotoxic degranulation. In this chapter, we detail the steps required to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), coculture them with target tumor cell lines, and evaluate the cytotoxic immune function by means of flow cytometry evaluation of CD107a expression on the surface of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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20
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A Flow Cytometric NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay to Evaluate Anticancer Immune Responses In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:131-139. [PMID: 30465199 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is able to detect and eliminate nascent and developing tumors. Thus, T lymphocytes of the adaptive immunity recognize cancer cells by detecting tumor-associated antigens, whereas certain innate immune cells scan for molecules that are mainly overexpressed on malignant and infected cells. The best example of the latter is natural killer (NK) cells. The activity of these immune cells is strictly governed by a balance between positive and negative signals provided by stress-regulated molecules that bind NK cell membrane receptors, such as the activatory receptor NKG2D. Given the key role of NK cells in eradicating cancer cells, the development of assays to study the cellular and molecular determinants of NK cell antitumor activity are of great relevance. In this chapter, we describe a flow cytometric in vitro assay to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against a given target cell, including tumor cells. Moreover, this method is highly versatile, as it can be complemented with the use of antibodies blocking cell surface proteins (receptors or ligands) or a variety of chemical modulators, which allows the elucidation of molecules and signaling pathways that regulate NK cell anticancer function.
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21
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NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010029. [PMID: 30597841 PMCID: PMC6357056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly owing to the limited efficacy of current anticancer therapies on advanced malignancies. Although immunotherapy is rendering promising results in the treatment of cancer, many adverse events and factors hampering therapeutic efficacy, especially in solid tumors and metastases, still need to be solved. Moreover, immunotherapeutic strategies have mainly focused on modulating the activity of T cells, while Natural Killer (NK) cells have only recently been taken into consideration. NK cells represent an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy owing to their innate capacity to eliminate malignant tumors in a non-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and non-tumor antigen-restricted manner. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms and efficacy of NK cells in the control of metastasis and we detail the immunosubversive strategies developed by metastatic cells to evade NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. We also share current and cutting-edge clinical approaches aimed at unleashing the full anti-metastatic potential of NK cells, including the adoptive transfer of NK cells, boosting of NK cell activity, redirecting NK cell activity against metastatic cells and the release of evasion mechanisms dampening NK cell immunosurveillance.
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22
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Mujoo K, Hunt CR, Pandita RK, Ferrari M, Krishnan S, Cooke JP, Hahn S, Pandita TK. Harnessing and Optimizing the Interplay between Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy to Improve Survival Outcomes. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1209-1214. [PMID: 29592896 PMCID: PMC6072560 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past, radiotherapy was primarily used to control local disease, but recent technological advances in accurate, high-dose ionizing radiation (IR) delivery have not only increased local tumor control but in some cases reduced metastatic burden. These "off target" therapeutic effects of IR at nonirradiated tumor sites, also known as abscopal effects, are thought to be mediated by tumor antigen-primed T cells that travel to metastatic sites and promote tumor regression. Similarly, early indications reveal that IR in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1), can provide superior therapeutic responses. These observations suggest that local radiotherapy results in altered gene expression, exposure of new antigens, or cell death that can interact with immunotherapy. As such, radiotherapy enhancement of immune responses offers a promising synergy with the potential for substantial clinical benefit. This review focuses on the biology that underlies the mechanisms for the interaction between radiation-induced tumor cell death and enhanced immunologic response. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1209-14. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mujoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
| | - Clayton R Hunt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Raj K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
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23
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Abstract
This review by Levine and Holland reviews the sources of mitotic errors in human tumors and their effect on cell fitness and transformation. They discuss new findings that suggest that chromosome missegregation can produce a proinflammatory environment and impact tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy and survey the vulnerabilities exposed by cell division errors and how they can be exploited therapeutically. Mitosis is a delicate event that must be executed with high fidelity to ensure genomic stability. Recent work has provided insight into how mitotic errors shape cancer genomes by driving both numerical and structural alterations in chromosomes that contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Here, we review the sources of mitotic errors in human tumors and their effect on cell fitness and transformation. We discuss new findings that suggest that chromosome missegregation can produce a proinflammatory environment and impact tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy. Finally, we survey the vulnerabilities exposed by cell division errors and how they can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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24
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Aranda F, Chaba K, Bloy N, Garcia P, Bordenave C, Martins I, Stoll G, Tesniere A, Kroemer G, Senovilla L. Immune effectors responsible for the elimination of hyperploid cancer cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1463947. [PMID: 30221060 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1463947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system avoids oncogenesis and slows down tumor progression through a mechanism called immunosurveillance. Nevertheless, some malignant cells manage to escape from immune control and form clinically detectable tumors. Tetraploidy, which consists in the intrinsically unstable duplication of the genome, is considered as a (pre)-cancerous event that can result in aneuploidy and contribute to oncogenesis. We previously described the fact that tetraploid cells can be eliminated by the immune system. Here, we investigate the role of different innate and acquired immune effectors by inoculating hyperploid cancer cells into wild type or mice bearing different immunodeficient genotypes (Cd1d-/-, FcRn-/-, Flt3l-/-, Foxn1nu/nu, MyD88-/-, Nlrp3-/-, Ighmtm1Cgn, Rag2-/-), followed by the monitoring of tumor incidence, growth and final ploidy status. Our results suggest that multiple different immune effectors including B, NK, NKT and T cells, as well as innate immune responses involving the interleukine-1 receptor and the Toll-like receptor systems participate to the immunoselection against hyperploid cells. Hence, optimal anticancer immunosurveillance likely involves the contribution of multiple arms of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Kariman Chaba
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Garcia
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Chloé Bordenave
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Tesniere
- Ilumens Simulation Department, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Surgical Intensive Care Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Senovilla
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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25
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Seelige R, Searles S, Bui JD. Mechanisms regulating immune surveillance of cellular stress in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:225-240. [PMID: 28744671 PMCID: PMC11105730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore immune-mediated mechanisms of stress surveillance in cancer, with particular emphasis on the idea that all cancers have classical hallmarks (Hanahan and Weinberg in Cell 100:57-70, 67; Cell 144:646-674, 68) that could be interrelated. We postulate that hallmarks of cancer associated with cellular stress pathways (Luo et al. in Cell 136:823-837, 101) including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, mitotic stress, DNA damage, and metabolic stress could define and modulate the inflammatory component of cancer. As such, the overarching goal of this review is to define the types of cellular stress that cancer cells undergo, and then to explore mechanisms by which immune cells recognize, respond to, and are affected by each stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Stephen Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
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26
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Cifaldi L, Locatelli F, Marasco E, Moretta L, Pistoia V. Boosting Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy with Anticancer Drugs: a Perspective. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1156-1175. [PMID: 29133133 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells efficiently recognize and kill tumor cells through several mechanisms including the expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors on target cells. Different clinical trials indicate that NK cell-based immunotherapy represents a promising antitumor treatment. However, tumors develop immune-evasion strategies, including downregulation of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors, that can negatively affect antitumor activity of NK cells, which either reside endogenously, or are adoptively transferred. Thus, restoration of the expression of NK cell-activating ligands on tumor cells represents a strategic therapeutic goal. As discussed here, various anticancer drugs can fulfill this task via different mechanisms. We envision that the combination of selected chemotherapeutic agents with NK cell adoptive transfer may represent a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Marasco
- Department of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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27
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Seelige R, Searles S, Bui JD. Innate sensing of cancer's non-immunologic hallmarks. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 50:1-8. [PMID: 29032295 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A cancer mass consists of a complex composition of cancer cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells and also immune cells, which can represent more than half of the cellularity of a solid cancer. These immune cells become activated when they sense cancer antigens and stress ligands. Innate immune cells also detect various aspects of cellular stress that characterize a growing tumor mass. These key hallmarks of cellular stress are also detected by the cancer cell itself. In this review, we highlight studies that show that the cancer cell itself could be considered an 'innate cell' that senses and reacts to non-immunologic hallmarks of cancer, including displaced nucleic acids, proteotoxic stress, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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28
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Zingoni A, Fionda C, Borrelli C, Cippitelli M, Santoni A, Soriani A. Natural Killer Cell Response to Chemotherapy-Stressed Cancer Cells: Role in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1194. [PMID: 28993779 PMCID: PMC5622151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells that actively prevent neoplastic development, growth, and metastatic dissemination in a process called cancer immunosurveillance. An equilibrium between immune control and tumor growth is maintained as long as cancer cells evade immunosurveillance. Therapies designed to kill cancer cells and to simultaneously sustain host antitumor immunity are an appealing strategy to control tumor growth. Several chemotherapeutic agents, depending on which drugs and doses are used, give rise to DNA damage and cancer cell death by means of apoptosis, immunogenic cell death, or other forms of non-apoptotic death (i.e., mitotic catastrophe, senescence, and autophagy). However, it is becoming increasingly clear that they can trigger additional stress responses. Indeed, relevant immunostimulating effects of different therapeutic programs include also the activation of pathways able to promote their recognition by immune effector cells. Among stress-inducible immunostimulating proteins, changes in the expression levels of NK cell-activating and inhibitory ligands, as well as of death receptors on tumor cells, play a critical role in their detection and elimination by innate immune effectors, including NK cells. Here, we will review recent advances in chemotherapy-mediated cellular stress pathways able to stimulate NK cell effector functions. In particular, we will address how these cytotoxic lymphocytes sense and respond to different types of drug-induced stresses contributing to anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Borrelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed I.R.C.C.S. - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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29
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López-Soto A, Gonzalez S, López-Larrea C, Kroemer G. Immunosurveillance of Malignant Cells with Complex Karyotypes. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:880-884. [PMID: 28939156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A wide array of cell-intrinsic surveillance mechanisms maintains the homeostasis of dividing cells and the integrity of the genome. Accumulating evidence also supports a role for cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Among them, the immune system, together with cell-autonomous checkpoint processes, eliminates cells that harbor unbalanced karyotypes generated by mitotic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Vanpouille-Box C, Lhuillier C, Bezu L, Aranda F, Yamazaki T, Kepp O, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Demaria S, Formenti SC, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Immune checkpoint blockers for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1373237. [PMID: 29147629 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1373237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) are literally revolutionizing the clinical management of an ever more diversified panel of oncological indications. Although considerable attention persists around the inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, best known as PD-1) signaling, several other co-inhibitory T-cell receptors are being evaluated as potential targets for the development of novel ICBs. Moreover, substantial efforts are being devoted to the identification of biomarkers that reliably predict the likelihood of each patient to obtain clinical benefits from ICBs in the absence of severe toxicity. Tailoring the delivery of specific ICBs or combinations thereof to selected patient populations in the context of precision medicine programs constitutes indeed a major objective of the future of ICB-based immunotherapy. Here, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical advances on the development of ICBs for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Lhuillier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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31
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López-Soto A, Gonzalez S, Galluzzi L. Soluble NKG2D ligands limit the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1346766. [PMID: 29123961 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1346766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, US.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, US.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
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32
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Kim JS, Shin BR, Lee HK, Lee JH, Kim KH, Choi JE, Ji AY, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Cd226-/- natural killer cells fail to establish stable contacts with cancer cells and show impaired control of tumor metastasis in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1338994. [PMID: 28920003 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1338994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD226 is an activating receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and other immune cells. Upon binding to its ligands expressed on target cells, CD226 activates intracellular signaling that triggers cytokine production and degranulation in NK cells. However, the role of CD226 in contact dynamics between NK and cancer cells has remained unclear. Our time-lapse images showed that individual wild-type CD226+ NK cells contacted B16F10 melanoma cells for 23.7 min, but Cd226-/- NK cells only for 12.8 min, although both NK cell subsets showed equal contact frequency over 4 h. On the surface of B16F10 cells, CD226+ cells stayed at the same site with oscillating movement (named stable contact), while Cd226-/- NK cells moved around at a velocity of 4 μm/min (named unstable contact). Consequently, Cd226-/- NK cells did not kill B16F10 cells in vitro and did not inhibit their metastasis into the lung in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CD226 enables prolonged stable interaction between NK and cancer cells, which is needed for efficient killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Natural killer cells are important effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in antitumor and anti-infection host defense. Tumor progression or chronic infections, however, usually leads to exhaustion of NK cells, thus limiting the antitumor/infection potential of NK cells. In many tumors or chronic infections, multiple mechanisms might contribute to the exhaustion of NK cells, such as dysregulated NK cell receptors signaling, as well as suppressive effects by regulatory cells or soluble factors within the microenvironment. Better understanding of the characteristics, as well as the underlying mechanisms of NK cell exhaustion, not only should increase our understanding of the basic biology of NK cells but also could reveal novel NK cell-based antitumor/infection targets. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on NK cell exhaustion in tumors, and in chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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An Overview of Alternating Electric Fields Therapy (NovoTTF Therapy) for the Treatment of Malignant Glioma. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 16:8. [PMID: 26739692 PMCID: PMC4703612 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As with many cancer treatments, tumor treating fields (TTFields) target rapidly dividing tumor cells. During mitosis, TTFields-exposed cells exhibit uncontrolled membrane blebbing at the onset of anaphase, resulting in aberrant mitotic exit. Based on these criteria, at least two protein complexes have been proposed as TTFields’ molecular targets, including α/β-tubulin and the septin 2, 6, 7 heterotrimer. After aberrant mitotic exit, cells exhibited abnormal nuclei and signs of cellular stress, including decreased cellular proliferation and p53 dependence, and exhibit the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death, suggesting that TTFields treatment may induce an antitumor immune response. Clinical trials lead to Food and Drug Administration approval for their treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Detailed modeling of TTFields within the brain suggests that the location of the tumor may affect treatment efficacy. These observations have a profound impact on the use of TTFields in the clinic, including what co-therapies may be best applied to boost its efficacy.
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