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Huang AL, He YZ, Yang Y, Pang M, Zheng GP, Wang HL. Exploring the potential of the TCR repertoire as a tumor biomarker (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:413. [PMID: 38988449 PMCID: PMC11234811 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. Mature T cells specifically recognize antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules through T-cell receptors (TCRs). As the TCR repertoire is highly diverse, its analysis is vital in the assessment of T cells. Advances in sequencing technology have provided convenient methods for further investigation of the TCR repertoire. In the present review, the TCR structure and the mechanisms by which TCRs function in tumor recognition are described. In addition, the potential value of the TCR repertoire in tumor diagnosis is reviewed. Furthermore, the role of the TCR repertoire in tumor immunotherapy is introduced, and the relationships between the TCR repertoire and the effects of different tumor immunotherapies are discussed. Based on the reviewed literature, it may be concluded that the TCR repertoire has the potential to serve as a biomarker for tumor prognosis. However, a wider range of cancer types and more diverse subjects require evaluation in future research to establish the TCR repertoire as a biomarker of tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Li Huang
- Institute of Cancer Biology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhao He
- Institute of Cancer Biology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Cancer Biology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Min Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Institute of Cancer Biology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
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2
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Fletcher K, Johnson DB. Chronic immune-related adverse events arising from immune checkpoint inhibitors: an update. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008591. [PMID: 38964785 PMCID: PMC11227828 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, improving outcomes for many patients. However, toxicities termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are limitations of these revolutionary treatments. These irAEs may resolve with treatment or ICI cessation (acute) or persist many months beyond therapy cessation (chronic). Acute irAEs were the first to be recognized and are thus more well studied. However, chronic irAEs have been highlighted in recent years and are becoming a topic of more intensive investigation. These chronic irAEs have been noted to affect many different organ systems, including endocrine, rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, neurologic, and cardiovascular systems. In this review, we discuss current knowledge surrounding the frequency, time course, and risk factors associated with chronic irAEs affecting various organ systems, treatment approaches, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Fletcher
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Kao CH, Lin H, Liu CT, Ou YC, Fu HC, Wu CC, Wu CH. Real-world efficacy and safety of low-dose pembrolizumab in patients with advanced and refractory gynecologic cancers. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:487-495. [PMID: 37852875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The approved standard dose of pembrolizumab (200 mg administrated every 3 weeks) for cancer treatment imposes a significant financial burden on patients. However, no study has analyzed the clinical outcomes of low-dose pembrolizumab among individuals diagnosed with gynecologic cancer. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a low-dose pembrolizumab regimen in real-world clinical practice. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the efficacy and safety data of patients with gynecologic malignancies who received pembrolizumab between 2017 and 2022 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of the objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) and proficient MMR (pMMR). RESULTS A total of thirty-nine patients were included and received pembrolizumab at fixed dosages of 50 mg (5.1%), 100 mg (84.6%) and 200 mg (10.3%) per cycle. Compared to the pMMR group, the dMMR group exhibited a tendency toward improved ORR (45.5% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.074), and notably, the median duration of response remained unreached. There was no significant difference in PFS between the dMMR and pMMR groups; however, the patients with dMMR in tumor tissue had a trend of better survival (p = 0.079). Incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of any grade was observed in 13 patients (33.3%), with 3 individuals (7.7%) experiencing grade 3 or 4 events. CONCLUSION Low-dose pembrolizumab may be a cost-effective and safe treatment option without compromising clinical outcomes in patients with refractory gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiang Kao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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4
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Wang Y, Cho JW, Kastrunes G, Buck A, Razimbaud C, Culhane AC, Sun J, Braun DA, Choueiri TK, Wu CJ, Jones K, Nguyen QD, Zhu Z, Wei K, Zhu Q, Signoretti S, Freeman GJ, Hemberg M, Marasco WA. Immune-restoring CAR-T cells display antitumor activity and reverse immunosuppressive TME in a humanized ccRCC mouse model. iScience 2024; 27:108879. [PMID: 38327771 PMCID: PMC10847687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major barriers that have restricted successful use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in the treatment of solid tumors is an unfavorable tumor microenvironment (TME). We engineered CAR-T cells targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) to secrete anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), termed immune-restoring (IR) CAR G36-PDL1. We tested CAR-T cells in a humanized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) orthotopic mouse model with reconstituted human leukocyte antigen (HLA) partially matched human leukocytes derived from fetal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bearing human ccRCC skrc-59 cells under the kidney capsule. G36-PDL1 CAR-T cells, haploidentical to the tumor cells, had a potent antitumor effect compared to those without immune-restoring effect. Analysis of the TME revealed that G36-PDL1 CAR-T cells restored active antitumor immunity by promoting tumor-killing cytotoxicity, reducing immunosuppressive cell components such as M2 macrophages and exhausted CD8+ T cells, and enhancing T follicular helper (Tfh)-B cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jae-Won Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriella Kastrunes
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alicia Buck
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cecile Razimbaud
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aedin C. Culhane
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jiusong Sun
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A. Braun
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristen Jones
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne A. Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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5
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Faghfuri E. Recent advances in personalized cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, T cells and vaccines. Per Med 2024; 21:45-57. [PMID: 38088165 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The results of genomic and molecular profiling of cancer patients can be effectively applied to immunotherapy agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, to select the most appropriate treatment. In addition, accurate prediction of neoantigens facilitates the development of individualized cancer vaccines and T-cell therapy. This review summarizes the biomarker(s) predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and focuses on current strategies to identify and isolate neoantigen-reactive T cells as well as the clinical development of neoantigen-based therapeutics. The results suggest that maximal T-cell stimulation and expansion can be achieved with combination therapies that enhance antigen-presenting cells' function and optimal T-cell priming in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5613658115, Iran
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6
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Zhu HX, Zheng WC, Chen H, Chen JY, Lin F, Chen SH, Xue XY, Zheng QS, Liang M, Xu N, Chen DN, Sun XL. Exploring Novel Genome Instability-associated lncRNAs and their Potential Function in Pan-Renal Cell Carcinoma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1788-1807. [PMID: 37957851 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073258779231020052115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genomic instability can drive clonal evolution, continuous modification of tumor genomes, and tumor genomic heterogeneity. The molecular mechanism of genomic instability still needs further investigation. This study aims to identify novel genome instabilityassociated lncRNAs (GI-lncRNAs) and investigate the role of genome instability in pan-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A mutator hypothesis was employed, combining the TCGA database of somatic mutation (SM) information, to identify GI-lncRNAs. Subsequently, a training cohort (n = 442) and a testing cohort (n = 439) were formed by randomly dividing all RCC patients. Based on the training cohort dataset, a multivariate Cox regression analysis lncRNAs risk model was created. Further validations were performed in the testing cohort, TCGA cohort, and different RCC subtypes. To confirm the relative expression levels of lncRNAs in HK-2, 786-O, and 769-P cells, qPCR was carried out. Functional pathway enrichment analyses were performed for further investigation. RESULTS A total of 170 novel GI-lncRNAs were identified. The lncRNA prognostic risk model was constructed based on LINC00460, AC073218.1, AC010789.1, and COLCA1. This risk model successfully differentiated patients into distinct risk groups with significantly different clinical outcomes. The model was further validated in multiple independent patient cohorts. Additionally, functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that GI-lncRNAs play a crucial role in GI. Furthermore, the assessments of immune response, drug sensitivity, and cancer stemness revealed a significant relationship between GI-lncRNAs and tumor microenvironment infiltration, mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we discovered four novel GI-lncRNAs and developed a novel signature that effectively predicted clinical outcomes in pan-RCC. The findings provide valuable insights for pan-RCC immunotherapy and shed light on potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wen-Cai Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Jia-Yin Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Shao-Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qing-Shui Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Dong-Ning Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xiong-Lin Sun
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
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Das A, Tabori U, Sambira Nahum LC, Collins NB, Deyell R, Dvir R, Faure-Conter C, Hassall TE, Minturn JE, Edwards M, Brookes E, Bianchi V, Levine A, Stone SC, Sudhaman S, Sanchez Ramirez S, Ercan AB, Stengs L, Chung J, Negm L, Getz G, Maruvka YE, Ertl-Wagner B, Ohashi PS, Pugh T, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Morgenstern DA. Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4770-4783. [PMID: 37126021 PMCID: PMC10690097 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy for children with unselected solid and brain tumors. We report the first prospective pediatric trial (NCT02992964) using nivolumab exclusively for refractory nonhematologic cancers harboring tumor mutation burden (TMB) ≥5 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb) and/or mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients were screened, and 10 were ultimately included in the response cohort of whom nine had TMB >10 mut/Mb (three initially eligible based on MMRD) and one patient had TMB between 5 and 10 mut/Mb. RESULTS Delayed immune responses contributed to best overall response of 50%, improving on initial objective responses (20%) and leading to 2-year overall survival (OS) of 50% [95% confidence interval (CI), 27-93]. Four children, including three with refractory malignant gliomas are in complete remission at a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 32.4-60), culminating in 2-year OS of 43% (95% CI, 18.2-100). Biomarker analyses confirmed benefit in children with germline MMRD, microsatellite instability, higher activated and lower regulatory circulating T cells. Stochastic mutation accumulation driven by underlying germline MMRD impacted the tumor microenvironment, contributing to delayed responses. No benefit was observed in the single patient with an MMR-proficient tumor and TMB 7.4 mut/Mb. CONCLUSIONS Nivolumab resulted in durable responses and prolonged survival for the first time in a pediatric trial of refractory hypermutated cancers including malignant gliomas. Novel biomarkers identified here need to be translated rapidly to clinical care to identify children who can benefit from checkpoint inhibitors, including upfront management of cancer. See related commentary by Mardis, p. 4701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Das
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Uri Tabori
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lauren C. Sambira Nahum
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Natalie B. Collins
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rina Dvir
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Jane E. Minturn
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Elissa Brookes
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Adrian Levine
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Simone C. Stone
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sumedha Sudhaman
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Santiago Sanchez Ramirez
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ayse B. Ercan
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lucie Stengs
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jill Chung
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Logine Negm
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Trevor Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Daniel A. Morgenstern
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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8
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Kobayashi T, Nagata M, Ikehata Y, Nagashima Y, Nagaya N, Lu Y, Horie S. T-Cell Receptor Repertoire as a Predictor of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8939-8949. [PMID: 37998738 PMCID: PMC10670264 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but can also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The relationship between irAEs and the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in RCC patients treated with ICIs remains unclear. We analyzed the relationship between the severity and diversity of irAEs and the TCR repertoire in RCC patients who received dual checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab + nivolumab). The TCRβ (TRB) repertoires were characterized in peripheral blood samples from six patients with RCC before the initiation of ICI therapy. The diversity and clonality of the TCR repertoire were compared between patients with grade 2 and grade 3 irAEs. The median proportion of top 10 unique reads in the TCR repertoire was significantly higher in grade 3 compared with grade 2 irAEs in RCC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (grade 2: 0.196%; grade 3: 0.346%; p = 0.0038). We provide insight into the relationship between TCR repertoire and irAEs in RCC patients treated with ICIs. TCR repertoire clonality may be associated with the development of irAEs in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.K.)
| | - Masayoshi Nagata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ikehata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.K.)
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Urology, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2211, Japan
| | - Naoya Nagaya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.K.)
- Department of Urology, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2211, Japan
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.K.)
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.K.)
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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9
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Immune Diseases Associated with Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15584. [PMID: 37958564 PMCID: PMC10647753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function, thereby causing an increased susceptibility to various diseases. Herein, we review immune diseases associated with aging, focusing on tumors, atherosclerosis, and immunodeficiency disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions are discussed, highlighting telomere shortening, tissue inflammation, and altered signaling pathways, e.g., the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as key contributors to immune dysfunction. The role of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in driving chronic tissue inflammation and disruption has been examined. Our review underscores the significance of targeting tissue inflammation and immunomodulation for treating immune disorders. In addition, anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and novel approaches, e.g., probiotics and polyphenols, are discussed. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive T-cell therapy, has been explored for its potential to enhance immune responses in older populations. A comprehensive analysis of immune disorders associated with aging and underlying molecular mechanisms provides insights into potential treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of these conditions in the aging population. The interplay among immune dysfunction, chronic tissue inflammation, and innovative therapeutic approaches highlights the importance of elucidating these complex processes to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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10
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Le Moine M, Azouz A, Sanchez Sanchez G, Dejolier S, Nguyen M, Thomas S, Shala V, Dreidi H, Denanglaire S, Libert F, Vermijlen D, Andris F, Goriely S. Homeostatic PD-1 signaling restrains EOMES-dependent oligoclonal expansion of liver-resident CD8 T cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112876. [PMID: 37543948 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-inhibitory programmed death (PD)-1 signaling pathway plays a major role in the context of tumor-specific T cell responses. Conversely, it also contributes to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, as patients receiving anti-PD-1 treatment are prone to developing immune-related adverse events. Yet, the physiological role of the PD-1/PDL-1 axis in T cell homeostasis is still poorly understood. Herein, we show that under steady-state conditions, the absence of PD-1 signaling led to a preferential expansion of CD8+ T cells in the liver. These cells exhibit an oligoclonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and a terminally differentiated exhaustion profile. The transcription factor EOMES is required for the clonal expansion and acquisition of this differentiation program. Finally, single-cell transcriptomics coupled with TCR repertoire analysis support the notion that these cells arise locally from liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Overall, we show a role for PD-1 signaling in liver memory T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Le Moine
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Solange Dejolier
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Lab, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Nguyen
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valdrin Shala
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hacene Dreidi
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Lab, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Denanglaire
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Lab, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) and Brightcore, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, ULB, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Andris
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Lab, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), ULB, Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Lab, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium.
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11
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Su J, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Xiao X, Qin Y, Zhou X, Huang T. The components of tumor microenvironment as biomarker for immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146738. [PMID: 37350955 PMCID: PMC10282412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial improvement in prognosis among metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients has been achieved, owing to the rapid development and utilization of immunotherapy. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been considered the backbone of systemic therapy for patients with mRCC alongside multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the latest clinical practice guidelines. However, controversies and challenges in optimal individualized treatment regarding immunotherapy remains still About 2/3 of the patients presented non-response or acquired resistance to ICIs. Besides, immune-related toxicities, namely immune-related adverse events, are still elusive and life-threatening. Thus, reliable biomarkers to predict immunotherapeutic outcomes for mRCC patients are needed urgently. Tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of immune cells, vasculature, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix and regulates tumor immune surveillance and immunological evasion through complex interplay, plays a critical role in tumor immune escape and consequently manipulates the efficacy of immunotherapy. Various studied have identified the different TME components are significantly associated with the outcome of mRCC patients receiving immunotherapy, making them potential valuable biomarkers in therapeutic guidance. The present review aims to summarize the latest evidence on the associations between the components of TME including immune cells, cytokines and extracellular matrix, and the therapeutic responses among mRCC patients with ICI-based treatment. We further discuss the feasibility and limitation of these components as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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12
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Song R, Liu F, Ping Y, Zhang Y, Wang L. Potential non-invasive biomarkers in tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: response and prognosis prediction. Biomark Res 2023; 11:57. [PMID: 37268978 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically enhanced the treatment outcomes for diverse malignancies. Yet, only 15-60% of patients respond significantly. Therefore, accurate responder identification and timely ICI administration are critical issues in tumor ICI therapy. Recent rapid developments at the intersection of oncology, immunology, biology, and computer science have provided an abundance of predictive biomarkers for ICI efficacy. These biomarkers can be invasive or non-invasive, depending on the specific sample collection method. Compared with invasive markers, a host of non-invasive markers have been confirmed to have superior availability and accuracy in ICI efficacy prediction. Considering the outstanding advantages of dynamic monitoring of the immunotherapy response and the potential for widespread clinical application, we review the recent research in this field with the aim of contributing to the identification of patients who may derive the greatest benefit from ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Song
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengsen Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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13
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Miller CP, Shokri F, Akilesh S, Xu Y, Warren EH, Tykodi SS, Tretiakova M. Immunohistochemical Detection of 5T4 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:135-144. [PMID: 36735485 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
5T4 (trophoblast glycoprotein encoded by TPBG ) is a cancer/testis antigen highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and many other cancers but rarely in normal tissues. Interest in developing 5T4 as a prognostic biomarker and direct targeting of 5T4 by emerging receptor-engineered cellular immunotherapies has been hampered by the lack of validated 5T4-specific reagents for immunohistochemistry (IHC). We tested 4 commercially available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the detection of 5T4 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded RCC and normal tissues. Using parental and TPBG -edited A498 cells, 3 mAbs showed 5T4 specificity. Further analyses focused on 2 mAbs with the most robust staining (MBS1750093, Ab134162). IHC on tissue microarrays incorporating 263 renal tumors showed high staining concordance of these 2 mAbs ranging from 0.80 in chromophobe RCC to 0.89 in advanced clear cell RCC (ccRCC). MBS1750093, the most sensitive, exhibited 2+/3+ staining in papillary RCC (92.2%) > advanced ccRCC (60.0%) > chromophobe RCC (43.6%) > localized ccRCC (39.6%) > oncocytoma (22.7%). RNA in situ hybridization also revealed high levels of TPBG RNA were present most frequently in papillary and advanced ccRCC. In advanced ccRCC, there was a trend towards higher 5T4 expression and regional or distant metastases. Normal organ controls showed no or weak staining with the exception of focal moderate staining in kidney glomeruli and distal tubules by IHC. These data identify mAbs suitable for detecting 5T4 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and demonstrate both interpatient and histologic subtype heterogeneity. Our validated 5T4 IHC protocol will facilitate biomarker studies and support the therapeutic targeting of 5T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Miller
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | | | | | - Yuexin Xu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Edus H Warren
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Scott S Tykodi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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14
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Ge H, Ferris RL, Wang JH. Cetuximab Responses in Patients with HNSCC Correlate to Clonal Expansion Feature of Peripheral and Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells with Top T-Cell Receptor Clonotypes. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:647-658. [PMID: 36315045 PMCID: PMC9898159 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Well-defined correlative markers of therapeutic responses are still lacking. Characterizing dynamic changes of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in peripheral blood and tumor tissue may facilitate developing markers for cetuximab response in HNSCCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed high-throughput TCRβ sequencing data generated with ImmunoSEQ platform using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with HNSCC before and after cetuximab treatment (pre-/post-PBMC vs. pre-/post-TIL). Multiple analytic approaches were employed to normalize sequencing data. RESULTS Normalized TCR richness was significantly lower in post-TIL than pre-TIL, suggesting that cetuximab reduced TCR diversity and promoted TCR expansion in TIL samples, regardless of response status. The magnitude of clonal expansion (defined as expansion rate) in top 20 TCR clonotypes was significantly higher in responder PBMC with or without normalization, and in responder TIL upon normalization, than nonresponder ones. Notably, the expanded top 20 or top 50 TCR clonotypes overlapped between PBMC and TIL samples, which occurred significantly more frequently in responders than nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cetuximab-treated HNSCC harbor dynamic changes of TCR repertoires correlative to therapeutic responses. The expansion rate of top TCR clonotypes in peripheral blood may serve as a minimally invasive, readily accessible, and feasible marker for predicting cetuximab responses in HNSCCs and beyond, and the expansion rate of top TCR clonotypes in TILs and their overlapping probability between PBMC and TIL may serve as additional predictive markers. Our study also highlights the importance of data normalization for TCR repertoire analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Ge
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213.,Correspondence should be addressed to Robert L. Ferris, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Pavilion, Suite 500, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232; Tel: 412-623-3205; or Jing H Wang, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Ave, Suite 1.16, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, Tel: 412-864-7728;
| | - Jing H Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Correspondence should be addressed to Robert L. Ferris, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Pavilion, Suite 500, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232; Tel: 412-623-3205; or Jing H Wang, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Ave, Suite 1.16, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, Tel: 412-864-7728;
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15
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Porciello N, Franzese O, D’Ambrosio L, Palermo B, Nisticò P. T-cell repertoire diversity: friend or foe for protective antitumor response? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:356. [PMID: 36550555 PMCID: PMC9773533 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Profiling the T-Cell Receptor (TCR) repertoire is establishing as a potent approach to investigate autologous and treatment-induced antitumor immune response. Technical and computational breakthroughs, including high throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches and spatial transcriptomics, are providing unprecedented insight into the mechanisms underlying antitumor immunity. A precise spatiotemporal variation of T-cell repertoire, which dynamically mirrors the functional state of the evolving host-cancer interaction, allows the tracking of the T-cell populations at play, and may identify the key cells responsible for tumor eradication, the evaluation of minimal residual disease and the identification of biomarkers of response to immunotherapy. In this review we will discuss the relationship between global metrics characterizing the TCR repertoire such as T-cell clonality and diversity and the resultant functional responses. In particular, we will explore how specific TCR repertoires in cancer patients can be predictive of prognosis or response to therapy and in particular how a given TCR re-arrangement, following immunotherapy, can predict a specific clinical outcome. Finally, we will examine current improvements in terms of T-cell sequencing, discussing advantages and challenges of current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Porciello
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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16
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Kato T, Matsubara N, Shiota M, Eto M, Osawa T, Abe T, Shinohara N, Yasumizu Y, Tanaka N, Oya M, Nishimoto K, Hayashi T, Nakayama M, Kojima T, Namikawa K, Fujisawa T, Okano S, Hida E, Nakamura Y, Bando H, Yoshino T, Nonomura N. IMAGENE trial: multicenter, proof-of-concept, phase II study evaluating the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of niraparib with PD-1 inhibitor in solid cancer patients with homologous recombination repair genes mutation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1292. [PMID: 36494792 PMCID: PMC9733213 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the potential efficacy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) in patients with cancer involving homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutation. Moreover, HRR gene-mutated cancers are effectively treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with the increase in tumor mutation burden. We have proposed to conduct a multicenter, single-arm phase II trial (IMAGENE trial) for evaluating the efficacy and safety of niraparib (PARPi) plus programmed cell death-1 inhibitor combination therapy in patients with HRR gene-mutated cancers who are refractory to ICIs therapy using a next generation sequencing-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor tissue analysis. METHODS Key eligibility criteria for this trial includes HRR gene-mutated tumor determined by any cancer gene tests; progression after previous ICI treatment; and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≤ 1. The primary endpoint is the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) in all patients. The secondary endpoints include the confirmed ORR in patients with HRR gene-mutation of ctDNA using the Caris Assure (CARIS, USA). The target sample size of the IMAGENE trial is 57 patients. Biomarker analyses will be performed in parallel using the Caris Assure, proteome analysis, and T cell repertoire analysis to reveal tumor immunosurveillance in peripheral blood. EXPECTED OUTCOME Our trial aims to confirm the clinical benefit of PARPi plus ICI combination therapy in ICI-resistant patients. Furthermore, through translational research, our trial will shed light on which patients would benefit from the targeted combination therapy for patients with HRR gene-mutated tumor even after the failure of ICIs. TRIAL REGISTRATION The IMAGENE trial: jRCT, Clinical trial no.: jRCT2051210120, Registered date: November 9, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigo Kato
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsubara
- grid.497282.2Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashige Abe
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Nishimoto
- grid.412377.40000 0004 0372 168XDepartment of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuji Hayashi
- grid.489169.b0000 0004 8511 4444Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakayama
- grid.489169.b0000 0004 8511 4444Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Namikawa
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- grid.497282.2Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Susumu Okano
- grid.497282.2Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eisuke Hida
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- grid.497282.2Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan ,grid.497282.2Translational Research Support Section, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bando
- grid.497282.2Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan ,grid.497282.2Translational Research Support Section, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- grid.497282.2Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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17
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Qiao L, Cui X, Jia L, Gao Y, Wang W, Wei F, Zhang Z, Chen D, Ma Y, Zhang Y. Peripheral immune phenotypes and T cell receptor repertoire in pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-1 infected patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 237:108985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Johnson DB, Nebhan CA, Moslehi JJ, Balko JM. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors: long-term implications of toxicity. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:254-267. [PMID: 35082367 PMCID: PMC8790946 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has heralded a new era in cancer treatment, enabling the possibility of long-term survival in patients with metastatic disease, and providing new therapeutic indications in earlier-stage settings. As such, characterizing the long-term implications of receiving ICIs has grown in importance. An abundance of evidence exists describing the acute clinical toxicities of these agents, although chronic effects have not been as well catalogued. Nonetheless, emerging evidence indicates that persistent toxicities might be more common than initially suggested. While generally low-grade, these chronic sequelae can affect the endocrine, rheumatological, pulmonary, neurological and other organ systems. Fatal toxicities also comprise a diverse set of clinical manifestations and can occur in 0.4-1.2% of patients. This risk is a particularly relevant consideration in light of the possibility of long-term survival. Finally, the effects of immune-checkpoint blockade on a diverse range of immune processes, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, neuroinflammation, obesity and hypertension, have not been characterized but remain an important area of research with potential relevance to cancer survivors. In this Review, we describe the current evidence for chronic immune toxicities and the long-term implications of these effects for patients receiving ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Caroline A Nebhan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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19
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Aoki H, Shichino S, Matsushima K, Ueha S. Revealing Clonal Responses of Tumor-Reactive T-Cells Through T Cell Receptor Repertoire Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807696. [PMID: 35154125 PMCID: PMC8829044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the key effector cells that contribute to the antitumor immune response. They comprise various T-cell clones with diverse antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs). Thus, elucidating the overall antitumor responses of diverse T-cell clones is an emerging challenge in tumor immunology. With the recent advancement in next-generation DNA sequencers, comprehensive analysis of the collection of TCR genes (TCR repertoire analysis) is feasible and has been used to investigate the clonal responses of antitumor T cells. However, the immunopathological significance of TCR repertoire indices is still undefined. In this review, we introduce two approaches that facilitate an immunological interpretation of the TCR repertoire data: inter-organ clone tracking analysis and single-cell TCR sequencing. These approaches for TCR repertoire analysis will provide a more accurate understanding of the response of tumor-specific T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Aoki
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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20
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Cardinale A, De Luca CD, Locatelli F, Velardi E. Thymic Function and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity: Implications for Patient Response to Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752042. [PMID: 34899700 PMCID: PMC8652142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of T cells to recognize and mount an immune response against tumor antigens depends on the large diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire generated in the thymus during the process of T-cell development. However, this process is dramatically impaired by immunological insults, such as that caused by cytoreductive cancer therapies and infections, and by the physiological decline of thymic function with age. Defective thymic function and a skewed TCR repertoire can have significant clinical consequences. The presence of an adequate pool of T cells capable of recognizing specific tumor antigens is a prerequisite for the success of cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade therapy. However, while this approach has improved the chances of survival of patients with different types of cancer, a large proportion of them do not respond. The limited response rate to checkpoint blockade therapy may be linked to a suboptimal TCR repertoire in cancer patients prior to therapy. Here, we focus on the role of the thymus in shaping the T-cell pool in health and disease, discuss how the TCR repertoire influences patients’ response to checkpoint blockade therapy and highlight approaches able to manipulate thymic function to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cardinale
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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21
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Waibl Polania J, Lerner EC, Wilkinson DS, Hoyt-Miggelbrink A, Fecci PE. Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777073. [PMID: 34868044 PMCID: PMC8636733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-mediated killing. Thus, while many T cell-based immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have achieved considerable success in some solid cancers and hematological malignancies, these therapies often fail in solid tumors due to tumor-imposed T cell dysfunctions. These dysfunctional mechanisms broadly include reduced T cell access into and identification of tumors, as well as an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that elicits T cell exhaustion. Therefore, novel, rational approaches are necessary to overcome the barriers to T cell function elicited by solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of conventional immunotherapeutic strategies and the various barriers to T cell anti-tumor function encountered in solid tumors that lead to resistance. We will also explore a sampling of emerging strategies specifically aimed to bypass these tumor-imposed boundaries to T cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Lerner
- Duke Medical School, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel S Wilkinson
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Peter E Fecci
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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22
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Kiyotani K, Toyoshima Y, Nakamura Y. Personalized immunotherapy in cancer precision medicine. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0032. [PMID: 34369137 PMCID: PMC8610159 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the significant advances in cancer genomics using next-generation sequencing technologies, genomic and molecular profiling-based precision medicine is used as a part of routine clinical test for guiding and selecting the most appropriate treatments for individual cancer patients. Although many molecular-targeted therapies for a number of actionable genomic alterations have been developed, the clinical application of such information is still limited to a small proportion of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current status of personalized drug selection based on genomic and molecular profiling and highlight the challenges how we can further utilize the individual genomic information. Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, would be one of the potential approaches to apply the results of genomic sequencing most effectively. Highly cancer-specific antigens derived from somatic mutations, the so-called neoantigens, occurring in individual cancers have been in focus recently. Cancer immunotherapies, which target neoantigens, could lead to a precise treatment for cancer patients, despite the challenge in accurately predicting neoantigens that can induce cytotoxic T cells in individual patients. Precise prediction of neoantigens should accelerate the development of personalized immunotherapy including cancer vaccines and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell therapy for a broader range of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Kiyotani
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yujiro Toyoshima
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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23
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Immunogenomics in personalized cancer treatments. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:901-907. [PMID: 34193979 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have led to significant improvements in cancer genomic research and cancer treatment. Through the use of comprehensive cancer genome data, precision medicine has become more of a reality; albeit, at present, only ~10-15% of patients can benefit from current genomic testing practices. Improvements in cancer genome analyses have contributed to a better understanding of antitumor immunity and have provided solutions for targeting highly cancer-specific neoantigens generated from somatic mutations in individual patients. Since then, numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of neoantigens and neoantigen-reactive T cells in the tumor microenvironment and how their presence influences the beneficial responses associated with various cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Indeed, cancer immunotherapies that explicitly target neoantigens specific to individual cancer patients would lead to the ultimate form of cancer precision medicine. For this to be realized, several issues would need to be overcome, including the accurate prediction and selection of neoantigens that can induce cytotoxic T cells in individual patients. The precise prediction of target neoantigens will likely accelerate the development of personalized immunotherapy including cancer vaccines and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell therapy for patients with cancer.
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