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Mahyuddin AP, Swa HLF, Weng R, Zhang J, Dhanaraj JP, Sesurajan BP, Rauff M, Dashraath P, Kanneganti A, Lee R, Wang LF, Young BE, Tambyah PA, Lye DC, Chai LYA, Yee S, Choolani M, Mattar CNZ. COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy results in high, sustained maternal neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Delta/Omicron variants of concern, particularly following a booster dose or infection. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107121. [PMID: 38823622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate multi-dose and timings of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing antenatal infection. DESIGN Prospective observational study investigating primary vaccinations, boosters, antenatal COVID-19 infections, neutralizing antibody (Nab) durability, and cross-reactivity to Delta and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Ninety-eight patients completed primary vaccination prepregnancy (29.6%) and antenatally (63.3%), 24.2% of whom had antenatal COVID-19, while 7.1% were unvaccinated (28.6% had antenatal COVID-19). None had severe COVID-19. Prepregnancy vaccination resulted in vaccination-to-infection delay of 23.3 weeks, which extended to 45.2 weeks with a booster, compared to 16.9 weeks following antenatal vaccination (P < 0.001). Infections occurred at 26.2 weeks gestation in women vaccinated prepregnancy compared to 36.2 weeks gestation in those vaccinated during pregnancy (P < 0.007). The risk of COVID-19 infection was higher without antenatal vaccination (hazard ratio [HR] 14.6, P = 0.05) and after prepregnancy vaccination without a booster (HR 10.4, P = 0.002). Antenatal vaccinations initially led to high Nab levels, with mild waning but subsequent rebound. Significant Nab enhancement occurred with a third-trimester booster. Maternal-neonatal Nab transfer was efficient (transfer ratio >1), and cross-reactivity to VOCs was observed. CONCLUSION Completing vaccination during any trimester delays COVID-19 infection and maintains effective neutralizing activity throughout pregnancy, with robust cross-reactivity to VOCs and efficient maternal-neonatal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniza P Mahyuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah L F Swa
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruifen Weng
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice P Dhanaraj
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Binny P Sesurajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Rauff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pradip Dashraath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhiram Kanneganti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; The Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- The Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- The Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Y A Chai
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sidney Yee
- Innovation and Enterprise, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Connexis North Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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Randell M, Sheel M, Dynes M, Li M, Danchin M, Oktarinda, Sukesmi F, Saraswati LD, Tinessia A, Jenkins K, Dewi LA, Saman S, Yosephine P, Leask J, Wahyono TYM. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregiver beliefs and experiences of routine childhood immunisation in Indonesia. Vaccine 2024; 42:812-818. [PMID: 38220491 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to significant health services declines in South-East Asia including Indonesia, which experienced a decline in routine immunisation of children. This study investigated the influence of the pandemic on the beliefs and experiences of caregivers of children related to routine immunisation. This study involved a cross-sectional survey among 1399 caregivers of children aged 0-24 months in Central Java and West Nusa Tenggara provinces from March-April 2022. Data on beliefs and experiences of childhood immunizations were captured using core items from the WHO/UNICEF Behavioural and Social Drivers of Immunization (BeSD) survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with uptake of routine immunisations. While nearly all caregivers (95.7%) reported wanting their child to receive all recommended routine immunisations, only 40.3% of children aged 2-24 months were up-to-date with all vaccines for age. Factors associated with up-to-date included higher parental education (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.02-3.05), higher household income (aOR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18), and caregivers who found it moderately or very easy to get immunisations (aOR: 2.26/2.22, 95% CI 1.06-4.83/1.06-4.69). Recovery efforts should prioritise responding to the factors associated with immunisation status (e.g., perceived ease of access) and on families experiencing disadvantage (e.g., caregivers with lower education and household income) to ensure protections against future outbreaks that are responsive to the context-specific needs and priorities of districts and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Randell
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meru Sheel
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Dynes
- UNICEF East Asia & Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mu Li
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margie Danchin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oktarinda
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Fitriyani Sukesmi
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Lintang Dian Saraswati
- Universitas Diponegoro, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Adeline Tinessia
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kylie Jenkins
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lulu Ariyantheny Dewi
- Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health, Directorate of Immunization, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Prima Yosephine
- Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health, Directorate of Immunization, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie Leask
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
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Arshad SF, Rehana R, Saleem MA, Usman M, Arshad HJ, Rizwana R, Shakeela S, Rukh AS, Khan IA, Hayssam MA, Anwar M. Multi-epitopes vaccine design for surface glycoprotein against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatic approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24186. [PMID: 38298616 PMCID: PMC10827691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The recent COVID vaccinations have successfully reduced death and severity but did not stop the transmission of viruses by the emerging SARS-CoV-2 strain. There is a need for better and long-lasting dynamic vaccines for numerous prevailing strains and the evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus, necessitating the development of broad-spectrum strains being used to stop infection by reducing the spread rate and re-infection. The spike (S) glycoprotein is one of the proteins expressed commonly in the early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been identified as the most immunogenic protein of SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this study, advanced bioinformatics techniques have been exploited to design the novel multi-epitope vaccine using conserved S protein portions from widespread strains of SARS-CoV-2 to predict B cell and T cell epitopes. These epitopes were selected based on toxicity, antigenicity score and immunogenicity. Epitope combinations were used to construct the maximum potent multi-epitope construct with potential immunogenic features. EAAAK, AAY, and GPGPG were used as linkers to construct epitopes. Results The developed vaccine has shown positive results. After the chimeric vaccine construct was cloned into the PET28a (+) vector for expression screening in Escherichia coli, the potential expression of the construct was identified. Conclusion The construct vaccine performed well in computer-based immune response simulation and covered a variety of allelic populations. These computational results are more helpful for further analysis of our contract vaccine, which can finally help control and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Frogh Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rehana
- Institute of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology (IPBB), Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Saleem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Junaid Arshad
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Rizwana
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Shah Rukh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Punjab University, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Ali Hayssam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
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4
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Choi H, Song S, Ahn H, Yang H, Lim H, Park Y, Kim J, Yong H, Yoon M, Han MA. Trends in Research on Patients With COVID-19 in Korean Medical Journals. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:47-54. [PMID: 38272016 PMCID: PMC10861326 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to systematically summarize trends in research concerning patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in Korean medical journals. METHODS We performed a literature search of KoreaMed from January 2020 to September 2022. We included only primary studies of patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, then performed full-text screening, both independently and in duplicate. We first identified the 5 journals with the greatest numbers of eligible publications, then extracted data pertaining to the general characteristics, study population attributes, and research features of papers published in these journals. RESULTS Our analysis encompassed 142 primary studies. Of these, approximately 41.0% reported a funding source, while 3.5% disclosed a conflict of interest. In 2020, 42.9% of studies included fewer than 10 participants; however, by 2022, the proportion of studies with over 200 participants had increased to 40.6%. The most common design was the cohort study (48.6%), followed by case reports/series (35.2%). Only 3 randomized controlled trials were identified. Studies most frequently focused on prognosis (58.5%), followed by therapy/intervention (20.4%). Regarding the type of intervention/exposure, therapeutic clinical interventions comprised 26.1%, while studies of morbidity accounted for 13.4%. As for the outcomes measured, 50.7% of studies assessed symptoms/clinical status/improvement, and 14.1% evaluated mortality. CONCLUSIONS Employing a systematic approach, we examined the characteristics of research involving patients with COVID-19 that was published in Korean medical journals from 2020 onward. Subsequent research should assess not only publication trends over a longer timeframe but also the quality of evidence provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Choi
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seunggwan Song
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Heesang Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyobean Yang
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeonseong Lim
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hongju Yong
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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Sánchez-González JL, Almenar-Bonet L, Moreno-Segura N, Gurdiel-Álvarez F, Atef H, Sillero-Sillero A, López-Vilella R, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Juárez-Vela R, Tejada-Garrido CI, Marques-Sule E. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Heart Failure Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7090. [PMID: 38002701 PMCID: PMC10672384 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 lockdown has been associated with reduced levels of physical activity, quality of life, and sleep quality, but limited evidence exists for its impact on heart failure patients. This study examined the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on these aspects in heart failure patients, with specific comparisons by age and sex. METHODS A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study of patients with heart failure was conducted. The assessment involved two time points: during the COVID-19 lockdown (March to June 2020) and post-lockdown (July to October 2020). A total of 107 HF patients participated, with assessments of overall PA (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), QoL (employing the Cantril Ladder of Life), and sleep quality (utilizing the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale) conducted during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. RESULTS HF patients reported lower levels of total PA (p = 0.001) and walking PA (p < 0.0001) during lockdown than after lockdown, whilst no differences were observed in QoL nor sleep quality. In addition, both younger and older patients reported lower walking PA and total PA during lockdown than after lockdown, while older patients reported lower QoL during lockdown than after lockdown. Moreover, both men and women reported lower walking PA and total PA during lockdown than after lockdown, whilst women reported lower QoL. CONCLUSIONS HF patients need improved PA programs during lockdowns, as these programs can elevate PA levels and enhance QoL, especially when faced with the risk of decompensation during health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Almenar-Bonet
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardiology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.A.-B.); (R.L.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Moreno-Segura
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Gurdiel-Álvarez
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Reha-Bilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Hady Atef
- School of Allied Health Professions (SAHP), Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Amalia Sillero-Sillero
- University School of Nursing and Physiotherapy “Gimbernat”, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Avd de la Generalitat, 202-206, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08174 Barcelona, Spain;
- ESIMar (Mar Nursing School), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Affiliated, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- SDHEd (Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Vilella
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardiology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.A.-B.); (R.L.-V.)
| | - Iván Santolalla-Arnedo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (R.J.-V.); (C.I.T.-G.)
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (R.J.-V.); (C.I.T.-G.)
| | - Clara Isabel Tejada-Garrido
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (R.J.-V.); (C.I.T.-G.)
| | - Elena Marques-Sule
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Verma M, Moudgil N, Goel G, Pardeshi P, Joseph J, Kumar N, Singh K, Singh H, Kodali PB. People's perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination: an analysis of twitter discourse from four countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14281. [PMID: 37653001 PMCID: PMC10471683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
More than six and half million people have died as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic till Dec 2022. Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent mortality and infection attributed to COVID-19. Identifying public attitudes and perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination is essential to strengthening the vaccination programmes. This study aims to identify attitudes and perceptions of twitter users towards COVID-19 vaccinations in four different countries. A sentiment analysis of 663,377 tweets from October 2020 to September 2022 from four different countries (i.e., India, South Africa, UK, and Australia) was conducted. Text mining using roBERTA (Robustly Optimized Bert Pretraining approach) python library was used to identify the polarity of people's attitude as "negative", "positive" or "neutral" based on tweets. A sample of 2000 tweets (500 from each country) were thematically analysed to explore the people's perception concerning COVID-19 vaccines across the countries. The attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines varied by countries. Negative attitudes were observed to be highest in India (58.48%), followed by United Kingdom (33.22%), Australia (31.42%) and South Africa (28.88%). Positive attitudes towards vaccines were highest in the United Kingdom (21.09%). The qualitative analysis yielded eight themes namely (i) vaccine shortages, (ii) vaccine side-effects, (iii) distrust on COVID-19 vaccines, (iv) voices for vaccine equity, (v) awareness about vaccines, (vi) myth busters, (vii) vaccines work and (viii) vaccines are safe. The twitter discourse reflected the evolving situation of COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination strategies, lacunae and positives in the respective countries studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manah Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Nikhil Moudgil
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Gaurav Goel
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Peehu Pardeshi
- Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jacquleen Joseph
- Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
- School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
- Faculty of computing and IT, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphics Era University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kulbir Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, MM Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Singh
- Chemistry Department, RIMT UNIVERSITY, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, 147301, India
| | - Prakash Babu Kodali
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Ibrahim A, Humphries UW, Ngiamsunthorn PS, Baba IA, Qureshi S, Khan A. Modeling the dynamics of COVID-19 with real data from Thailand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13082. [PMID: 37567888 PMCID: PMC10421938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, COVID-19 has evolved into many variants, posing new challenges for disease control and prevention. The Omicron variant, in particular, has been found to be highly contagious. In this study, we constructed and analyzed a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission that incorporates vaccination and three different compartments of the infected population: asymptomatic [Formula: see text], symptomatic [Formula: see text], and Omicron [Formula: see text]. The model is formulated in the Caputo sense, which allows for fractional derivatives that capture the memory effects of the disease dynamics. We proved the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the model, obtained the effective reproduction number, showed that the model exhibits both endemic and disease-free equilibrium points, and showed that backward bifurcation can occur. Furthermore, we documented the effects of asymptomatic infected individuals on the disease transmission. We validated the model using real data from Thailand and found that vaccination alone is insufficient to completely eradicate the disease. We also found that Thailand must monitor asymptomatic individuals through stringent testing to halt and subsequently eradicate the disease. Our study provides novel insights into the behavior and impact of the Omicron variant and suggests possible strategies to mitigate its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan Ibrahim
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Usa Wannasingha Humphries
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Parinya Sa Ngiamsunthorn
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Isa Abdullahi Baba
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Sania Qureshi
- Department of mathematics, Near East University TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan
| | - Amir Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, kpk, Pakistan
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8
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Cabrera ODLC, Alsehibani R. Statistical modeling and evaluation of the impact of multiplicity classification thresholds on the COVID-19 pool testing accuracy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283874. [PMID: 37494364 PMCID: PMC10370739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research on pool testing focus on developing testing methods with the main objective of reducing the total number of tests. However, pool testing can also be used to improve the accuracy of the testing process. The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy of pool testing using the same number of tests as that of individual testing taking into consideration the probability of testing errors and pool multiplicity classification thresholds. Statistical models are developed to evaluate the impact of pool multiplicity classiffcation thresholds on pool testing accuracy using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). The findings indicate that under certain conditions, pool testing multiplicity yields superior testing accuracy compared to individual testing without additional cost. The results reveal that selecting the multiplicity classification threshold is a critical factor in improving the pool testing accuracy and show that the lower the prevalence level the higher the gains in accuracy using multiplicity pool testing. The findings also indicate that performance can be improved using a batch size that is inversely proportional to the prevalence level. Furthermore, the results indicate that multiplicity pool testing not only improves the testing accuracy but also reduces the total cost of the testing process. Based on the findings, the manufacturer's test sensitivity has more significant impact on the accuracy of multiplicity pool testing compared to that of manufacturer's test specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar De La Cruz Cabrera
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Razan Alsehibani
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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9
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Wu CF, Trac LVT, Chen SH, Menakanit A, Le QT, Tu HM, Tsou CP, Huang HC, Chookoh N, Weng CC, Chou LW, Chen CC. Enhancing human resilience beyond COVID-19-related stress: public responses to multi-benefits of home gardening. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10534. [PMID: 37386291 PMCID: PMC10310725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a public health crisis globally. Against the backdrop of global resilience, studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of home gardening as a measure to strengthen human health. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on its benefits across countries. Studies need to examine the role of home gardening in improving public health in various societies to understand and encourage this practice broadly and effectively. We chose Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam as case studies, which have suffered substantial pandemic impacts, with millions of infections and thousands of deaths. We explored and compared the perceptions of people on home gardening and its health benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted online surveys in three countries between May 1 and September 30, 2022, with a total of 1172 participants. Data were collated on perceived pandemic stress, challenges and solutions in gardening, home gardening intentions, and mental and physical health benefits. In these countries, we found that perceived pandemic stress positively affects home gardening intentions, whereby the motivation of Vietnamese people is the highest. Challenges hinder gardening intentions, while the solutions only positively affect gardening intentions in Taiwan and Vietnam. Home gardening intentions positively affect mental and physical health, whereby there are higher mental health benefits in Taiwanese people than in Thai people. Our findings potentially support public health recovery and promote healthy lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fa Wu
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Luu Van Thong Trac
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Hung Chen
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Alisara Menakanit
- Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Quoc Tuan Le
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hung-Ming Tu
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Tsou
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chih Huang
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Nittaya Chookoh
- Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chih-Cheng Weng
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Miaoli Management Office, Irrigation Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli County, 360, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, 406040, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, 413505, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua County, 510, Taiwan
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10
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Diarimalala RO, Wei Y, Hu D, Hu K. Inflammasomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of their corresponding inhibitors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218039. [PMID: 37360532 PMCID: PMC10288989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a burden for human health since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Recently, the emergence of new variants of concerns (VOCs) is challenging for vaccines and drugs efficiency. In severe cases, SARS-CoV-2 provokes inappropriate hyperinflammatory immune responses leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. This process is regulated by inflammasomes which are activated after binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and triggers innate immune responses. Therefore, the formation of "cytokines storm" leads to tissue damage and organ failure. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best studied inflammasome known to be activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, some studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with other inflammasomes as well; such as NLRP1, absent in melanoma-2 (AIM-2), caspase-4 and -8 which were mostly found during dsRNA virus or bacteria infection. Multiple inflammasome inhibitors that exist for other non-infectious diseases have the potential to be used to treat severe SARS-CoV-2 complications. Some of them have showed quite encouraging results during pre- and clinical trials. Nevertheless, further studies are in need for the understanding and targeting of SARS-Cov-2-induced inflammasomes; mostly an update of its role during the new VOCs infection is necessary. Hence, this review highlights all reported inflammasomes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential inhibitors including NLRP3- and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-inhibitors. Further strategies such as immunomodulators and siRNA are also discussed. As highly related to COVID-19 severe cases, developing inflammasome inhibitors holds a promise to treat severe COVID-19 syndrome effectively and reduce mortality.
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Rahadi DA, Yusri E, Putra SP, Semiarty R, Pertiwi D, Ilmiawati C. COVID-19 Vaccination and Clinical Outcomes at a Secondary Referral Hospital During the Delta Variant-dominant Period in West Sumatra, Indonesia. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:221-230. [PMID: 37287199 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model. METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didan Ariadapa Rahadi
- Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Elfira Yusri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Syandrez Prima Putra
- Department of Microbiology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostic and Research (PDRPI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Rima Semiarty
- Department of Public Health, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Dian Pertiwi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Cimi Ilmiawati
- Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
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12
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Cross-regional analysis of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in Southeast Asia during the transitional period of “living with COVID-19”. Health Place 2023; 81:103000. [PMID: 37011444 PMCID: PMC10008814 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In response to COVID-19, Southeast Asian (SEA) countries had imposed stringent lockdowns and restrictions to mitigate the pandemic ever since 2019. Because of a gradually boosting vaccination rate along with a strong demand for economic recovery, many governments have shifted the intervention strategy from restrictions to “Living with COVID-19” where people gradually resumed their normal activities since the second half of the year 2021. Noticeably, timelines for enacting the loosened strategy varied across Southeast Asian countries, which resulted in different patterns of human mobility across space and time. This thus presents an opportunity to study the relationship between mobility and the number of infection cases across regions, which could provide support for ongoing interventions in terms of effectiveness. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections across space and time during the transition period of shifting strategies from restrictions to normal living in Southeast Asia. Our research results have significant implications for evidence-based policymaking at the present of the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health issues. Methods We aggregated weekly average human mobility data derived from the Facebook origin and destination Movement dataset. and weekly average new cases of COVID-19 at the district level from 01-Jun-2021 to 26-Dec-2021 (a total of 30 weeks). We mapped the spatiotemporal dynamics of human mobility and COVID-19 cases across countries in SEA. We further adopted the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model to identify the spatiotemporal variations of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections over 30 weeks. Our model also controls for socioeconomic status, vaccination, and stringency of intervention to better identify the impact of human mobility on COVID-19 spread. Results The percentage of districts that presented a statistically significant association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections generally decreased from 96.15% in week 1 to 90.38% in week 30, indicating a gradual disconnection between human mobility and COVID-19 spread. Over the study period, the average coefficients in 7 SEA countries increased, decreased, and finally kept stable. The association between human mobility and COVID-19 spread also presents spatial heterogeneity where higher coefficients were mainly concentrated in districts of Indonesia from week 1 to week 10 (ranging from 0.336 to 0.826), while lower coefficients were mainly located in districts of Vietnam (ranging from 0.044 to 0.130). From week 10 to week 25, higher coefficients were mainly observed in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, north Indonesia, and several districts of the Philippines. Despite the association showing a general weakening trend over time, significant positive coefficients were observed in Singapore, Malaysia, western Indonesia, and the Philippines, with the relatively highest coefficients observed in the Philippines in week 30 (ranging from 0.101 to 0.139). Conclusions The loosening interventions in response to COVID-19 in SEA countries during the second half of 2021 led to diverse changes in human mobility over time, which may result in the COVID-19 infection dynamics. This study investigated the association between mobility and infections at the regional level during the special transitional period. Our study has important implications for public policy interventions, especially at the later stage of a public health crisis.
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13
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Khader Y, Do AL, Boyer L, Auquier P, Le HT, Le Vu MN, Dang THT, Cao KM, Le LDT, Cu LTN, Ly BV, Nguyen DAT, Nguyen MD, Latkin CA, Ho RCM, Ho CSH, Zhang MWB. Preference and Willingness to Pay for the Regular COVID-19 Booster Shot in the Vietnamese Population: Theory-Driven Discrete Choice Experiment. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43055. [PMID: 36599156 PMCID: PMC9891355 DOI: 10.2196/43055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 booster vaccination rate has declined despite the wide availability of vaccines. As COVID-19 is becoming endemic and charges for regular booster vaccination are being introduced, measuring public acceptance and the willingness to pay for regular COVID-19 boosters is ever more crucial. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) investigate public acceptance for regular COVID-19 boosters, (2) assess the willingness to pay for a COVID-19 booster shot, and (3) identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Our results will provide crucial insights into and implications for policy response as well as the development of a feasible and effective vaccination campaign during Vietnam's waning vaccine immunity period. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 871 Vietnamese online participants from April to August 2022. An online questionnaire based on the discrete choice experiment (DCE) design was developed, distributed using the snowball sampling method, and subsequently conjointly analyzed on the Qualtrics platform. A history of COVID-19 infection and vaccination, health status, willingness to vaccinate, willingness to pay, and other factors were examined. RESULTS Among the participants, 761 (87.4%) had received or were waiting for a COVID-19 booster shot. However, the willingness to pay was low at US $8.02, and most participants indicated an unwillingness to pay (n=225, 25.8%) or a willingness to pay for only half of the vaccine costs (n=222, 25.4%). Although information insufficiency and a wariness toward vaccines were factors most associated with the unwillingness to pay, long-term side effects, immunity duration, and mortality rate were the attributes the participants were most concerned with during the vaccine decision-making period. Participants who had children less than 18 years old in their homes infected with COVID-19 had a lower willingness to pay (odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.39-0.74). Respondents who had children under 12 years old in their family who received at least 1 vaccine dose had a higher willingness to pay (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.12-3.66). The burden of medical expenses (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.25-0.45) and fear of the vaccine (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-1.00) were negative factors associated with the level of willingness to pay. CONCLUSIONS A significant inconsistency between high acceptance and a low willingness to pay underscores the role of vaccine information and public trust. In addition to raising awareness about the most concerning characteristics of the COVID-19 booster, social media and social listening should be used in collaboration with health professionals to establish a 2-way information exchange. Work incentives and suitable mandates should continue to encourage workforce participation. Most importantly, all interventions should be conducted with informational transparency to strengthen trust between the public and authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anh Linh Do
- SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Huong Thi Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Ngoc Le Vu
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huyen Thi Dang
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khuy Minh Cao
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Dieu Thi Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lam Tung Ngoc Cu
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bang Viet Ly
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Anh Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Duc Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvyn W B Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Chen B, Zhao Y, Jin Z, He D, Li H. Twice evasions of Omicron variants explain the temporal patterns in six Asian and Oceanic countries. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36639649 PMCID: PMC9839219 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged and caused multiple pandemic waves in the following six countries: India, Indonesia, Nepal, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Some of the countries have been much less studied in this devastating pandemic. This study aims to assess the impact of the Omicron variant in these six countries and estimate the infection fatality rate (IFR) and the reproduction number [Formula: see text] in these six South Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania countries. METHODS We propose a Susceptible-Vaccinated-Exposed-Infectious-Hospitalized-Death-Recovered model with a time-varying transmission rate [Formula: see text] to fit the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and to estimate the IFR and [Formula: see text] in the aforementioned six countries. The level of immune evasion and the intrinsic transmissibility advantage of the Omicron variant are also considered in this model. RESULTS We fit our model to the reported deaths well. We estimate the IFR (in the range of 0.016 to 0.136%) and the reproduction number [Formula: see text] (in the range of 0 to 9) in the six countries. Multiple pandemic waves in each country were observed in our simulation results. CONCLUSIONS The invasion of the Omicron variant caused the new pandemic waves in the six countries. The higher [Formula: see text] suggests the intrinsic transmissibility advantage of the Omicron variant. Our model simulation forecast implies that the Omicron pandemic wave may be mitigated due to the increasing immunized population and vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Chen
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanji Zhao
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daihai He
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaichen Li
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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15
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Shekoohiyan S, Parsaee F, Ghayour S. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice about biomedical waste management among healthcare staff of Fasa educational hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 6:100207. [PMID: 37520920 PMCID: PMC9055787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient management of biomedical waste (BMW) is essential to maintaining health and preventing environmental threats during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the present research aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice about BMW among the healthcare staff of Fasa educational hospitals. The present cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire survey to collect data from 251 employees in Valiasr and Shariati hospitals in 2021. T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to test the relationships between and among the variables. Demographic findings showed that the men and women participated to an almost equal rate. Most participants were young and had less than 5 years' work experience. Their mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 38.8±6.1, 83.0±8.8, and 47.5±14.5, respectively. These values point to a satisfactory level of each variable in relation to BMW management. Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed a strong positive association between knowledge and practice (r = 0.725). The T-test results showed a statistically significant relationship among knowledge, attitude, and practice across demographic variables. These included gender, ward (COVID vs. Non-COVID), and workplace (p < 0.05). ANOVA results showed statistically significant divergences in knowledge, attitude, and practice across the demographic variables, including education, position, and employment type (p < 0.05). Considering the current deficiencies among employees in terms of BMW acronyms, lack of waste training courses, and inappropriate waste plans for COVID-19 waste management, BMW training courses should be held continuously and regularly, and the content of the programs should be updated according to the emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Shekoohiyan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parsaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghayour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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He Y, Yu W, Shen L, Yan W, Xiao L, Qi J, Hu T. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on conjugation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD with IC28 peptide and mannan. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:661-670. [PMID: 36152702 PMCID: PMC9490959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a particularly transmissible virus that causes a severe respiratory disease known as COVID-19. Safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicits most neutralizing antibodies during viral infection and is an ideal antigen for vaccine development. In particular, RBD expressed by E. coli is amenable to low cost and high-yield manufacturability. The adjuvant is necessitated to improve the immunogenicity of RBD. IC28, a TLR5-dependent adjuvant, is a peptide from bacterial flagellin. Mannan is a ligand of TLR-4 or TLR-2 and a polysaccharide adjuvant. Here, IC28 and mannan were both covalently conjugated with RBD from E. coli. The conjugate (RBD-IC28-M) elicited high RBD-specific IgG titers, and a neutralization antibody titer of 201.4. It induced high levels of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-5 and IL-10), along with high antigenicity and no apparent toxicity to the organs. The mouse sera of the RBD-IC28-M group competitively interfered with the interaction of RBD and ACE2. Thus, conjugation with IC28 and mannan additively enhanced the humoral and cellular immunity. Our study was expected to provide the feasibility to develop an affordable, easily scalable, effective vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lucheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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17
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Peng J, Sun J, Yang MI, Gibson RM, Arts EJ, Olabode AS, Poon AFY, Wang X, Wheeler AR, Edwards EA, Peng H. Early Warning Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Wastewaters by Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2022; 9:638-644. [PMID: 37552744 PMCID: PMC9236213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance has rapidly emerged as an early warning tool to track COVID-19. However, the early warning measurement of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in wastewaters remains a major challenge. We herein report a rapid analytical strategy for quantitative measurement of VOCs, which couples nested polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nPCR-LC-MS). This method showed a greater selectivity than the current allele-specific quantitative PCR (AS-qPCR) for tracking new VOC and allowed the detection of multiple signature mutations in a single measurement. By measuring the Omicron variant in wastewaters across nine Ontario wastewater treatment plants serving over a three million population, the nPCR-LC-MS method demonstrated a better quantification accuracy than next-generation sequencing (NGS), particularly at the early stage of community spreading of Omicron. This work addresses a major challenge for current SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance by rapidly and accurately measuring VOCs in wastewaters for early warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6,
Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario
M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6,
Canada
| | - Minqing Ivy Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied
Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Richard M. Gibson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A
5C1, Canada
| | - Eric J. Arts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A
5C1, Canada
| | - Abayomi S. Olabode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A
5C1, Canada
| | - Art F. Y. Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A
5C1, Canada
| | - Xianyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6,
Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6,
Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario
M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied
Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6,
Canada
- School of the Environment, University of
Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6,
Canada
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Chu DT, Hoang VT, Memish ZA. From Pandemicity to Endemicity: The Journey of SARS-CoV-2. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:147-149. [PMID: 35704175 PMCID: PMC9198624 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van-Thuan Hoang
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Chourasia R, Padhi S, Phukon LC, Abedin MM, Sirohi R, Singh SP, Rai AK. Peptide candidates for the development of therapeutics and vaccines against β-coronavirus infection. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9435-9454. [PMID: 35387556 PMCID: PMC9161909 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs) have caused major viral outbreaks in the last two decades in the world. The mutation and recombination abilities in β-CoVs resulted in zoonotic diseases in humans. Proteins responsible for viral attachment and replication are highly conserved in β-CoVs. These conserved proteins have been extensively studied as targets for preventing infection and the spread of β-CoVs. Peptides are among the most promising candidates for developing vaccines and therapeutics against viral pathogens. The immunostimulatory and viral inhibitory potential of natural and synthetic peptides has been extensively studied since the SARS-CoV outbreak. Food-derived peptides demonstrating high antiviral activity can be used to develop effective therapeutics against β-CoVs. Specificity, tolerability, and customizability of peptides can be explored to develop potent drugs against β-CoVs. However, the proteolytic susceptibility and low bioavailability of peptides pose challenges for the development of therapeutics. This review illustrates the potential role of peptides in eliciting an adaptive immune response and inhibiting different stages of the β-CoV life cycle. Further, the challenges and future directions associated with developing peptide-based therapeutics and vaccines against existing and future β-CoV pathogens have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Md Minhajul Abedin
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Ranjana Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali- 140306, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India.,Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Mizoram Node, Aizawl, India
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20
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Masotti L, Landini G, Panigada G, Grifoni E, Tarquini R, Cei F, Cimolato BMA, Vannucchi V, Di Pietro M, Piani F, Fortini A, Faraone A, Nenci G, Cipollini F, Blanc P, Lotti P, Di Natale M, Risaliti F, Aquilini D, Seravalle C, Bribani A, Farsi A, Micheletti I, Cioni E, Pelagalli G, Mattaliano C, Pinto G, Madonia EM, Sivieri I, Mannini M, Valoriani A, Brancati S, Rosselli M, Pavone E, Burla MC, Sergi A. PREDICTORS OF POOR OUTCOME IN TOCILIZUMAB TREATED PATIENTS WITH SARS-CoV-2 RELATED SEVERE RESPIRATORY FAILURE: A MULTICENTRE REAL WORLD STUDY. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108709. [PMID: 35334359 PMCID: PMC8938681 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine II, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy.
| | | | - Grazia Panigada
- Internal Medicine, SS Damiano and Cosma Hospital, Pescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Grifoni
- Internal Medicine II, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cei
- Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | | | - Vieri Vannucchi
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Pietro
- Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piani
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Fortini
- Internal Medicine, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Faraone
- Internal Medicine, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nenci
- Internal Medicine II, San Jacopo Hospital, Pistoia, Italy
| | | | | | - Pamela Lotti
- Internal Medicine, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Bribani
- Internal Medicine, Serristori Hospital, Figline Valdarno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Farsi
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ex Misericordia and Dolce Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Cioni
- Internal Medicine II, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Pinto
- Internal Medicine II, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | | | - Irene Sivieri
- Internal Medicine II, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Eleonora Pavone
- SOC Governance Farmaceutica and Appropriatezza Prescrittiva, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Burla
- SOC Governance Farmaceutica and Appropriatezza Prescrittiva, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sergi
- SOC Monitoraggio and Programmazione performance clinico-assistenziale, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Italy
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