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Costa RA, Amatnecks JA, de Oliveira Guaita G, Stern CAJ, Branco LGS, Zampronio AR. Sexual dimorphism of hypothalamic serotonin release during systemic inflammation: Role of endothelin-1. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 394:578427. [PMID: 39116522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus receives serotonergic projections from the raphe nucleus in a sex-specific manner. During systemic inflammation, hypothalamic levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) decrease in male rats. The present study evaluated the involvement of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the febrile response, hypolocomotion, and changes in hypothalamic 5-HT levels during systemic inflammation in male and female rats. An intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a febrile response and hypolocomotion in both male and female rats. However, although LPS reduced hypothalamic levels of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) in male rats, it increased these levels in female rats. An intracerebroventricular injection of the endothelin-B receptor antagonist BQ788 significantly reduced LPS-induced fever and hypolocomotion and changes in hypothalamic 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in both male and female rats. The i.c.v. administration of ET-1 induced a significant fever and hypolocomotion, but reduced the hypothalamic levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in both males and females. These results suggest an important sexual dimorphism during systemic inflammation regarding the release of 5-HT in the hypothalamus. Moreover, ET-1 arises as an important mediator involved in the changes in hypothalamic 5-HT levels in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Azevedo Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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Brito HO, Reis RC, Bini I, Wilhelms D, Engblom D, Gil da Costa RM, Brito LO, Nascimento MDDSB, de Andrade MS, Zampronio AR, Cavichiollo CC. NK1 receptor mediates cerebral cellular and extracellular morphological changes during the LPS-induced febrile response. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149107. [PMID: 38977236 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Fever elicited by bacterial lypopolyssacharide (LPS) is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which activate central mediators and regulate the hypothalamic temperature setpoint. This response is often accompanied by morphological changes involving the extracellular matrix, neurons and glial cells, with significant health impacts. The NK1 receptor is involved in the febrile response induced by LPS but its effects over the extracellular matrix in the context of neuroinflammation remain unknown. The present work aims to clarify the extracellular changes associated with NK1 signaling in LPS-induced fever. Male Wistar rats were exposed to LPS intraperitoneally. Experimental groups were pre-treated intracerebroventricularly with the NK1 selective inhibitor SR140333B or saline. Histological changes involving the brain extracellular matrix were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, Mason's trichrome, picrosirius, alcian blue, periodic acid Schiff's stains. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was studied using confocal microscopy. Fever was accompanied by edema, perivascular lymphoplamacytic and neutrophylic infiltration, spongiosis and MMP9 overexpression. SR140333B significantly reduced LPS-induced fever (p < 0.0001), MMP9 overexpression (p < 0.01) and associated histological changes. These results contribute to characterize cerebral extracellular matrix changes associated with LPS-induced fever. Overall, the present work supports a role for NK1 receptor in these neuroinflammatory changes, involving MMP9 overexpression, edema and leukocytic infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissa O Brito
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
| | - Renata C Reis
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Israel Bini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luciane O Brito
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Alkandahri MY, Sadino A, Pamungkas BT, Oktoba Z, Arfania M, Yuniarsih N, Wahyuningsih ES, Putri DE. Pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions): the potential medicinal plants from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:251-266. [PMID: 39035821 PMCID: PMC11257201 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_201_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Inflammation, fever, and pain can be associated with several diseases, and the synthetic drugs used in the treatment of these conditions often have severe side effects. As a result, there is a need for effective, economical, and safe alternative drugs, such as those derived from medicinal plants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (CcLF), as well as its acute toxicity. Experimental approach For anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic tests, rats were given CcLF (WFCC, EAFcC, and n-HFCC) at 50 and 100 mg/kg, diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), paracetamol (150 mg/kg), aspirin (100 mg/kg), and tramadol (20 mg/kg). For the antioxidant activity test, various concentrations of CcLF were used ranging from 25 to 200 μg/mL. This study also looked into whether there could be any acute toxicity and histopathology of the liver, stomach, and kidneys in experimental animals. Findings/Results The administration of CcLF significantly inhibited the increase in foot edema volume, and CcLF (EAFCC at 100 mg/kg) considerably decreased rectal temperature and was proportional to the standard drug paracetamol, and significantly inhibited pain sensation in various models. Additionally, CcLF showed strong antioxidant activity, and its administration at a dose limit of 5000 mg/kg/day did not show any toxic effects or death in test animals. Conclusions and implications The results of the current confirmed that CcLF has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant properties in experimental models, and is practically non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Asman Sadino
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Garut, Garut, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Barolym Tri Pamungkas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Zulpakor Oktoba
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Maya Arfania
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nia Yuniarsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Eko Sri Wahyuningsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dea Eka Putri
- Student of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
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Hassan M, Zahra N, Shafi A, Shahzadi S, Moustafa A, Kloczkowski A. Investigation of Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Citrullus colocynthis in Albino Rats through in vivo and Pharmacoinformatics Studies. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:119-136. [PMID: 37046199 DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230412105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperpyrexia, algesia and inflammation are pathological disorders which are treated with synthetic as well as herbal medications. AIMS The basic aim of the present study is to evaluate the ethnopharmacological activities of phytoconstituents that are present in C. colocynthis (fruit extract) by using in vivo and in silico studies. METHODS Thirty-six albino rats were used in our studies with an average weight between 150-170 g. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan (an extract from a red seaweed) that induced edema in albino rat paws. However, in antipyretic and analgesic activity studies, yeast and acetic acid were used to cause pyrexia or algesia, respectively. Different doses of acetone fruit extract were used to treat inflammation, pyrexia and algesia. RESULTS Our results showed that the maximum percentage inhibition of acetonic fruit extract in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities was observed at 70% and 100%, respectively, with 400 mg/kg doses, and in pyretic activity the maximum inhibitory percentage was 86% with a 100 mg/kg dose. In in silico analysis, we have shown that bioactive compounds (α-spinasterol, ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid) found in fruit extract have outstanding inhibition properties that involves proteins PTGS2, TLR2 and TRPV4. C. colocynthis fruit extract shows results that are statistically significant (p < 0.005) and comparable to a reference drug. Acetonic fruit extract of C. colocynthis can be used as a natural and safe remedy with no side effects. CONCLUSION Both in vivo and in silico studies on chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid and α-spinasterol have shown that these are inhibitory compounds that can be used for boosting the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Nureen Zahra
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amtul Shafi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Ahmed Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
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Harder HJ, Gomez MG, Searles CT, Vogt ME, Murphy AZ. Increased LPS-Induced Fever and Sickness Behavior in Adult Male and Female Rats Perinatally Exposed to Morphine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558690. [PMID: 37790325 PMCID: PMC10542495 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the current opioid crisis, the rate of children born exposed to opioids has skyrocketed. Later in life, these children have an increased risk for hospitalization and infection, raising concerns about potential immunocompromise, as is common with chronic opioid use. Opioids can act directly on immune cells or indirectly via the central nervous system to decrease immune system activity, leading to increased susceptibility, morbidity, and mortality to infection. However, it is currently unknown how perinatal opioid exposure (POE) alters immune function. Using a clinically relevant and translatable model of POE, we have investigated how baseline immune function and the reaction to an immune stimulator, lipopolysaccharide, is influenced by in utero opioid exposure in adult male and female rats. We report here that POE potentiates the febrile and neuroinflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide, likely as a consequence of suppressed immune function at baseline (including reduced antibody production). This suggests that POE increases susceptibility to infection by manipulating immune system development, consistent with the clinical literature. Investigation of the mechanisms whereby POE increases susceptibility to pathogens is critical for the development of potential interventions for immunosuppressed children exposed to opioids in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Harder
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
| | - Morgan G Gomez
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
| | - Christopher T Searles
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
| | - Meghan E Vogt
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303
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Hinojosa M, Oller I, Quiroga JM, Malato S, Egea-Corbacho A, Acevedo-Merino A. Solar photo-Fenton optimization at neutral pH for microcontaminant removal at pilot plant scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96208-96218. [PMID: 37566324 PMCID: PMC10482785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of micropollutants in natural water bodies has medium to long-term effects on both aquatic life and human health. The aim of this study is to optimize the degradation of two pharmaceutical pollutants of emerging concern: amoxicillin and acetaminophen in aqueous solution at laboratory and pilot scale, by solar photo-Fenton process carried out at neutral pH using ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) as a complexing agent to maintain iron in solution. The initial concentration of each compound was set at 1 mg/L dissolved in a simulated effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP). A factorial experimental design and its surface response analysis were used to optimize the operating parameters to achieve the highest initial degradation rate of each target. The evolution of the degradation process was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC/UV), obtaining elimination rates above 90% for both contaminants. Statistical study showed the optimum concentrations of Fe(III) at 3 mg/L at an Fe-EDDS ratio of 1:2 and 2.75 mg/L H2O2 for the almost complete removal of the target compounds by solar photo-Fenton process. Validation of the experimental design was successfully carried out with actual MWTP effluent spiked with 100 μg/L of amoxicillin and acetaminophen, each at pilot plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Hinojosa
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés, Km 4.5, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain.
- CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - José María Quiroga
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés, Km 4.5, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
- CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Agata Egea-Corbacho
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Asunción Acevedo-Merino
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Subin P, Sabuhom P, Naladta A, Luecha P, Nualkaew S, Nualkaew N. An Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Thai Traditional Polyherbal Recipe TPDM6315 in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages and TNF-α-Induced 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4891-4907. [PMID: 37367060 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TPDM6315 is an antipyretic Thai herbal recipe that contains several herbs with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of TPDM6315 extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and TNF-α-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the effects of TPDM6315 extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that the TPDM6315 extracts reduced the nitric oxide production and downregulated the iNOS, IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α genes regulating fever in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with TPDM6315 extracts during a differentiation to the adipocytes resulted in the decreasing of the cellular lipid accumulation in adipocytes. The ethanolic extract (10 µg/mL) increased the mRNA level of adiponectin (the anti-inflammatory adipokine) and upregulated the PPAR-γ in the TNF-α induced adipocytes. These findings provide evidence-based support for the traditional use of TPDM6315 as an anti-pyretic for fever originating from inflammation. The anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory actions of TPDM6315 in TNF-α induced adipocytes suggest that this herbal recipe could be useful for the treatment of metabolic syndrome disorders caused by obesity. Further investigations into the modes of action of TPDM6315 are needed for developing health products to prevent or regulate disorders resulting from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetpawi Subin
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Sabuhom
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alisa Naladta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prathan Luecha
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somsak Nualkaew
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Natsajee Nualkaew
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Cock IE, Luwaca N, Van Vuuren SF. The traditional use of Southern African medicinal plants to alleviate fever and their antipyretic activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115850. [PMID: 36306931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Multiple plant species are used traditionally in southern Africa to treat fever. This review summarises the traditional use, highlights promising plant species and focuses on validation studies to highlight future areas of research. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to critically review the use of southern African plants to alleviate fever. Additionally, an examination of research into those plants was undertaken to highlight gaps in the literature with the aim of stimulating further research in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary research studies were searched to identify plant species traditionally used to treat fever in southern Africa and to summarise the current knowledge and identify areas requiring further research. This study was non-biased and did not have any taxonomic preferences, nor did it favour any southern African healing systems over the others. RESULTS The traditional therapeutic uses of 203 southern African plant species to alleviate fever were recorded. Leaves and roots/bulbs/rhizomes were the most commonly used plant part, and they were most commonly prepared as decoctions or infusions and consumed orally. Notably, only twenty-two species (∼11% of the identified species) have been scientifically evaluated for antipyretic properties, with substantially fewer mechanistic studies evident. CONCLUSIONS Despite the availability of ethnobotanical records, the antipyretic properties of southern African medicinal plants are poorly reported. Indeed, the efficacy of most plants is yet to be verified and very few mechanistic studies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Cock
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - N Luwaca
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - S F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Abbasi M, Zarghi A. Natural-Derived COX-2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs: A Review of their Structural Diversity and Mechanism of Action. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:15-36. [PMID: 35638275 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220516153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key-type enzyme playing a crucial role in cancer development, making it a target of high interest for drug designers. In the last two decades, numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors have been approved for various clinical conditions. However, data from clinical trials propose that the prolonged use of COX-2 inhibitors is associated with life-threatening cardiovascular side effects. The data indicate that a slight structural modification can help develop COX-2 selective inhibitors with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. In this regard, secondary metabolites from natural sources offer great hope for developing novel COX-2 inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. In recent years, various nature-derived organic scaffolds are being explored as leads for developing new COX-2 inhibitors. The current review attempts to highlight the COX-2 inhibition activity of some naturally occurring secondary metabolites, concerning their capacity to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and inhibit cancer development, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ohno M, Sagata M, Sekiya T, Nomura N, Shingai M, Endo M, Kimachi K, Suzuki S, Thanh Nguyen C, Nakayama M, Ishigaki H, Ogasawara K, Itoh Y, Kino Y, Kida H. Assessing the pyrogenicity of whole influenza virus particle vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. Vaccine 2023; 41:787-794. [PMID: 36526501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among inactivated influenza vaccines, the whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) elicits superior priming responses to split virus vaccine (SV) in efficiently inducing humoral and cellular immunity. However, there is concern for undesired adverse events such as fever for WPV due to its potent immunogenicity. Therefore, this study investigated the febrile response induced by subcutaneous injection with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines of good manufacturing grade for pharmaceutical or investigational products in cynomolgus macaques. Body temperature was increased by 1 °C-2 °C for 6-12 h after WPV administration at the first vaccination but not at the second shot, whereas SV did not affect body temperature at both points. Given the potent priming ability of WPV, WPV-induced fever may be attributed to immune responses that uniquely occur during priming. Since WPV-induced fever was blunted by pretreatment with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), the febrile response by WPV is considered to depend on the increase in prostaglandins synthesized by cyclooxygenase. In addition, WPV, but not SV, induced the elevation of type I interferons and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in the plasma; these factors may be responsible for pyrogenicity caused by WPV, as they can increase prostaglandins in the brain. Notably, sufficient antibody responses were acquired by half the amount of WPV without causing fever, suggesting that excessive immune responses to trigger the febrile response is not required for acquired immunity induction. Thus, we propose that WPV with a reduced antigen dose should be evaluated for potential clinical usage, especially in naïve populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marumi Ohno
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Sekiya
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Saori Suzuki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Cong Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kida
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Li X, Wei S, Ma X, Li H, Jing M, Liu H, Niu S, Tong Y, Chen L, Wei Y, Ren S, Zhao Y. Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Exerts Antipyretic Effect by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:2209574. [PMID: 35003291 PMCID: PMC8741374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2209574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the antipyretic effect and potential mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) on LPS-induced fever in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fever rat model was established by LPS. Anal temperature of rats was measured every 1 hour after modeling. TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, and cAMP in rat serum or hypothalamus tissue were detected by ELISA kit. In order to explore the potential active ingredients and mechanism of antipyretic effect of HLJDD, we predicted the underlying antipyretic mechanism by using network pharmacology and then verified its mechanism by Western Blotting. RESULTS The results showed that HLJDD can alleviate LPS-induced fever in rats. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, and cAMP in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. Western Blotting results showed that the protein expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38 was significantly inhibited. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that HLJDD has a good antipyretic effect on LPS-induced fever in rats, which may be closely related to the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqi Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sichen Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pasternak JA, MacPhee DJ, Lunney JK, Rowland RRR, Dyck MK, Fortin F, Dekkers JCM, Plastow GS, Harding JCS. Thyroid hormone suppression in feeder pigs following polymicrobial or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 challenge. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6420436. [PMID: 34734242 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are powerful regulators of growth, development, and basal metabolic rate and can be dysregulated under conditions of severe stress or illness. To understand the role of these hormones in porcine disease response, serum samples were obtained from three batches of nursery-aged pigs (n = 208) exposed to a natural polymicrobial disease challenge with an array of bacterial and viral pathogens. Levels of total thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) assessed in sera by radioimmunoassay, decreased significantly by 14 days post-exposure (DPE). Levels of T3 partially rebounded by 48 DPE, while T4 levels remain depressed. Post-exposure T3 and T4 levels were positively correlated with acute and long-term average daily gain (ADG). Cross-sectional sampling of animals maintained at the high health source farms, showed no equivalent change in either hormone when managed under standard industrial conditions. To further elucidate the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infection on thyroid hormone levels, archived sera over 42 days post inoculation (DPI) from nursery pigs (N = 190) challenged with one of two PRRSV2 strains by the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium were similarly assessed, with animals selected in a two-by-two design, to investigate biological extremes in ADG and viral load (VL). All animals showed a similar decrease in both thyroid hormones reaching a minimum at 7 DPI and returning to near pre-challenge levels by 42 DPI. Post-challenge T3 and T4 levels were significantly greater in high ADG groups, with no significant association with VL or strain. The results of this study demonstrate porcine susceptibility to thyroid disruption in response to disease challenge and demonstrate a relationship between this response and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Pasternak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | | | - Raymond R R Rowland
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fortin
- Centre de développement du porc du Québec Inc., Québec City, QC G1V 4M6, Canada
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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13
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Jia S, Luo H, Liu X, Fan X, Huang Z, Lu S, Shen L, Guo S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cao L, Cao Z, Zhang X, Zhou W, Zhang J, Li J, Wu J, Xiao W. Dissecting the novel mechanism of reduning injection in treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113871. [PMID: 33485971 PMCID: PMC7825842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Reduning injection (RDNI) is a patented Traditional Chinese medicine that contains three Chinese herbal medicines, respectively are the dry aboveground part of Artemisia annua L., the flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the fruit Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis. RDNI has been recommended for treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the "New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan". AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate and verify the underlying mechanisms of RDNI for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS This study firstly performed anti-SARS-CoV-2 experiments in Vero E6 cells. Then, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was adopted to explore the potential mechanisms of RDNI in the treatment for COVID-19. After that, western blot and a cytokine chip were used to validate the predictive results. RESULTS We concluded that half toxic concentration of drug CC50 (dilution ratio) = 1:1280, CC50 = 2.031 mg crude drugs/mL (0.047 mg solid content/mL) and half effective concentration of drug (EC50) (diluted multiples) = 1:25140.3, EC50 = 103.420 μg crude drugs/mL (2.405 μg solid content/mL). We found that RDNI can mainly regulate targets like carbonic anhydrases (CAs), matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) and pathways like PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Forkhead box O s and T cell receptor signaling pathways to reduce lung damage. We verified that RDNI could effectively inhibit the overexpression of MAPKs, PKC and p65 nuclear factor-κB. The injection could also affect cytokine levels, reduce inflammation and display antipyretic activity. CONCLUSION RDNI can regulate ACE2, Mpro and PLP in COVID-19. The underlying mechanisms of RDNI in the treatment for COVID-19 may be related to the modulation of the cytokine levels and inflammation and its antipyretic activity by regulating the expression of MAPKs, PKC and p65 nuclear factor NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Zeyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
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14
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Distinct Modulatory Effects of Fever-Range Hyperthermia on the Response of Breast Cancer Cells and Macrophages to Mistletoe ( Viscum album L.) Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060551. [PMID: 34201348 PMCID: PMC8229697 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat utility as a critical component of fever is often ignored, although the symptom is observed in many medical conditions. Mistletoe extract (ME) is an adjunctive medication prescribed to cancer patients. The increase in body temperature is frequently observed in patients following ME administration. Nevertheless, the impact of this fever on the effectiveness of therapy is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of fever-range temperatures on ME-treated breast cancer cells and macrophages. The cells were simultaneously stimulated with ME and subjected to fever-range hyperthermia (FRH; 39 °C or 41 °C). After co-treatment, the cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle distribution, and production of pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2) were evaluated. The results showed that the exposure of ME-treated breast cancer cells to FRH at 39 °C resulted in a slight decrease in their viability, whereas FRH of 41 °C enhanced this effect. Only FRH of 41 °C induced minor changes in ROS level in ME-treated breast cancer cell lines. In ME-treated macrophages, FRH stimulated cell proliferation. The cell cycle distribution analysis showed a difference between cells cultured at 39 °C and 41 °C in all examined cell lines. Moreover, hyperthermia at 41 °C completely inhibited the ME-induced increase in IL-1β and IL-6 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas this effect was not observed in 4T1 breast cancer cells. In contrast, in ME-treated macrophages, FRH of 41 °C strongly up-regulated expression of the pro-inflammatory factors. We conclude that fever is an important component of ME therapy that differentially affects cancer and immune cells.
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15
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Ma LL, Liu HM, Luo CH, He YN, Wang F, Huang HZ, Han L, Yang M, Xu RC, Zhang DK. Fever and Antipyretic Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Multi-Pathway Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:583279. [PMID: 33828481 PMCID: PMC8020597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.583279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly around the world and become a major public health problem facing the world. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been fully committed to treat COVID-19 in China. It improved the clinical symptoms of patients and reduced the mortality rate. In light of the fever was identified as one of leading clinical features of COVID-19, this paper will first analyze the material basis of fever, including pyrogenic cytokines and a variety of the mediators of fever. Then the humoral and neural pathways of fever signal transmission will be described. The scattered evidences about fever recorded in recent years are connected in series. On this basis, the understanding of fever is further deepened from the aspects of pathology and physiology. Finally, combining with the chemical composition and pharmacological action of available TCM, we analyzed the mechanisms of TCMs to play the antipyretic effect through multiple ways. So as to further provide the basis for the research of antipyretic compound preparations of TCMs and explore the potential medicines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chuan-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- State key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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16
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Guimarães NC, Alves DS, Vilela WR, de-Souza-Ferreira E, Gomes BRB, Ott D, Murgott J, E N de Souza P, de Sousa MV, Galina A, Roth J, Fabro de Bem A, Veiga-Souza FH. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier as a key regulator of fever and neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:90-101. [PMID: 33242651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is an inner-membrane transporter that facilitates pyruvate uptake from the cytoplasm into mitochondria. We previously reported that MPC1 protein levels increase in the hypothalamus of animals during fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but how this increase contributes to the LPS responses remains to be studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of UK 5099, a classical MPC inhibitor, in a rat model of fever, on hypothalamic mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated preoptic area (POA) primary microcultures. Intracerebroventricular administration of UK 5099 reduced the LPS-induced fever. High-resolution respirometry revealed an increase in oxygen consumption and oxygen flux related to ATP synthesis in the hypothalamic homogenate from LPS-treated animals linked to mitochondrial complex I plus II. Preincubation with UK 5099 prevented the LPS-induced increase in oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis and spare capacity only in complex I-linked respiration and reduced mitochondrial H2O2 production. In addition, treatment of rat POA microcultures with UK 5099 reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory and pyrogenic cytokines TNFα and IL-6 as well as the immunoreactivity of inflammatory transcription factors NF-κB and NF-IL6 four hours after LPS stimulation. These results suggest that the regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism through MPC inhibition may be effective in reducing neuroinflammation and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália C Guimarães
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Débora S Alves
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wembley R Vilela
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de-Souza-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna R B Gomes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ott
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Jolanta Murgott
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Paulo E N de Souza
- Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joachim Roth
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; School of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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17
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Even Dar R, Kurnik D, Bishop B, Bogner I, Azzam Z, Paul M, Neuberger A. Are corticosteroids or end-stage renal failure associated with an afebrile presentation of Gram-negative bacteraemia? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106070. [PMID: 32610183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assertions regarding afebrile presentation of sepsis frequently lead to superfluous antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for afebrile presentation of bacteraemia, focusing on glucocorticoid (GC) treatment and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all patients with bacteraemia caused by common Gram-negative bacteria in one hospital. The exposure variables were GC treatment, administered for at least 48 hours before bacteraemia onset, and ESRD, defined as patients undergoing dialysis. Risk factors were assessed for afebrile presentation, defined as temperature between 36.0-37.7°C for all measurements, 48 hours prior to blood culture collection. Analyses were subgrouped by community-onset and hospital-acquired Gram-negative bacteraemia (GNB). Propensity score (PS)-weighted multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of 4179 patients with GNB, 1090 (26.1%) presented without fever before blood culture collection. In community-onset GNB, GC treatment was significantly associated with afebrile presentation, PS-weighted OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.25-1.61), absolute risk increase 7% (95% CI 4.3-9.8%), while ESRD was not. For hospital-acquired GNB, ESRD was significantly associated with afebrile presentation (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.25-1.86; absolute risk increase 8.5%; 95% CI 4.4-13.1%); GC was not. Other risk factors for afebrile presentation in both subgroups included increasing Charlson comorbidity score, bacteraemia with non-fermenters Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (compared with Enterobacteriaceae), and lower albumin levels. Aging was not associated with afebrile presentation of GNB. CONCLUSION Although significant associations between GC and ESRD and afebrile presentation of GNB were observed, they were different in community-onset and hospital-acquired GNBs, and absolute risk increases were small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razi Even Dar
- Internal Medicine B, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Bishop
- Nephrology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Bogner
- Nephrology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaher Azzam
- Internal Medicine B, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ami Neuberger
- Internal Medicine B, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Nephrology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Cruz JV, Maba IK, Correia D, Kaziuk FD, Cadena SMSC, Zampronio AR. Intermittent binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence attenuates the febrile response by reducing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107904. [PMID: 32078977 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is a primary health risk worldwide, which generally starts during adolescence in a binge pattern (i.e., the episodic consumption of high amounts). Binge EtOH consumption can lead to modifications of the innate and adaptive immune responses, including fever. The present study evaluated the febrile response that was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and the mechanisms of thermoregulation in adolescent rats that were exposed to EtOH in a binge-like pattern. Male Wistar rats were treated with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of EtOH or saline on postnatal days (PND) 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37, and 38. On PND 51, they received a pyrogenic challenge with LPS (i.p.) or PGE2 (intracerebroventricular) to induce a febrile response. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and uncoupling protein (UCP) activity in isolated mitochondria were evaluated on PND 51. The rats were then subjected to cold challenges to analyze adaptive thermogenesis. Intermittent EtOH exposure during adolescence impaired the LPS- and PGE2-induced febrile response 12 days after the end of EtOH exposure. Ethanol exposure decreased interscapular BAT mass, oxygen consumption, and UCP activity in isolated mitochondria, resulting in an impairment in thermogenesis at 5 °C. No morphological changes in BAT were observed. These findings indicate that binge-like EtOH exposure during adolescence impairs thermoregulation by reducing BAT mass and function. This reduction may last for a prolonged period of time after the cessation of EtOH exposure and may affect both cold defenses and the febrile response during the development of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - I K Maba
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - D Correia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - F D Kaziuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S M S C Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Baker FC, Siboza F, Fuller A. Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:226-262. [PMID: 33123618 PMCID: PMC7575238 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1735927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Core body temperature changes across the ovulatory menstrual cycle, such that it is 0.3°C to 0.7°C higher in the post-ovulatory luteal phase when progesterone is high compared with the pre-ovulatory follicular phase. This temperature difference, which is most evident during sleep or immediately upon waking before any activity, is used by women as a retrospective indicator of an ovulatory cycle. Here, we review both historical and current literature aimed at characterizing changes in core body temperature across the menstrual cycle, considering the assessment of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature and thermoregulatory responses to challenges, including heat and cold exposure, exercise, and fever. We discuss potential mechanisms for the thermogenic effect of progesterone and the temperature-lowering effect of estrogen, and discuss effects on body temperature of exogenous formulations of these hormones as contained in oral contraceptives. We review new wearable temperature sensors aimed at tracking daily temperature changes of women across multiple menstrual cycles and highlight the need for future research on the validity and reliability of these devices. Despite the change in core body temperature across the menstrual cycle being so well identified, there remain gaps in our current understanding, particularly about the underlying mechanisms and microcircuitry involved in the temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, USA
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felicia Siboza
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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20
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Brito HO, Radulski D, Wilhelms DB, Stojakovic A, Brito LMO, Gil da Costa RM, Trindade E, Engblom D, Franco CRC, Zampronio AR. Immune-mediated febrile response in female rats: Role of central hypothalamic mediators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4073. [PMID: 32139801 PMCID: PMC7058003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces fever through cytokines like receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), triggering mediators like prostaglandins (PG), endothelin-1 (ET-1), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), substance P (SP) and endogenous opioids. LPS-induced fever is reduced in females compared with males except in ovariectomized (OVX) females which show increased fever mediated by PG. The present study aimed to identify the mediators involved in fever in intact and OVX female rats. Fever was induced with LPS (50 μg/kg) intraperitoneally or CRF (2.5 μg), ET-1 (1 pg), morphine (10 μg) and SP (500 ng) intracerebroventricularly in sham-operated and OVX rats. The role of RANKL was evaluated with osteoprotegerin (OPG, 1 μg, intracerebroventricularly). Expression of RANK, CRFI/II, ETB, μ-opioid (MOR) and NK1 receptors was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Besides LPS, only morphine induced fever in OVX rats while all mediators induced fever in sham-operated animals. OPG abolished LPS-induced fever in OVX but not sham-operated animals. Overall, fever involves similar central mediators in cycling females and males but only morphine induced fever in OVX females. Importantly, RANK/RANKL participates in LPS-induced fever in OVX females, as in males but not in cycling females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora Radulski
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Edvaldo Trindade
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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21
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Ianosi B, Rass V, Gaasch M, Huber L, Lindner A, Hackl WO, Kofler M, Schiefecker AJ, Almashad S, Beer R, Pfausler B, Helbok R. An Observational Study on the Use of Intravenous Non-Opioid Analgesics and Antipyretics in Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Effects on Hemodynamics and Systemic and Brain Temperature. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2020; 10:27-36. [DOI: 10.1089/ther.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ianosi
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall, Austria
| | - Verena Rass
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Max Gaasch
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Huber
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall, Austria
| | - Anna Lindner
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner O. Hackl
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall, Austria
| | - Mario Kofler
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alois Josef Schiefecker
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Salma Almashad
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ronny Beer
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Pfausler
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Wrotek S, Sobocińska J, Kozłowski HM, Pawlikowska M, Jędrzejewski T, Dzialuk A. New Insights into the Role of Glutathione in the Mechanism of Fever. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041393. [PMID: 32092904 PMCID: PMC7073131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione is one of the most important and potent antioxidants. The development of pharmacological compounds that can either increase or decrease glutathione concentrations has allowed investigation into the role of glutathione in various biological processes, including immune responses. Recent findings have shown that glutathione not only affects certain factors involved in immunological processes but also modifies complex immune reactions such as fever. Until recently, it was not known why some patients do not develop fever during infection. Data suggest that fever induction is associated with oxidative stress; therefore, antioxidants such as glutathione can reduce pyrexia. Surprisingly, new studies have shown that low glutathione levels can also inhibit fever. In this review, we focus on recent advances in this area, with an emphasis on the role of glutathione in immune responses accompanied by fever. We describe evidence showing that disturbed glutathione homeostasis may be responsible for the lack of fever during infections. We also discuss the biological significance of the antipyretic effects produced by pharmacological glutathione modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.S.); (H.M.K.); (M.P.); (T.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Justyna Sobocińska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.S.); (H.M.K.); (M.P.); (T.J.)
| | - Henryk M. Kozłowski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.S.); (H.M.K.); (M.P.); (T.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Pawlikowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.S.); (H.M.K.); (M.P.); (T.J.)
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.S.); (H.M.K.); (M.P.); (T.J.)
| | - Artur Dzialuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 10 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave., 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.D.)
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High Serum Level of IL-17 in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin PiZ Allele. Pulm Med 2020; 2020:9738032. [PMID: 32089881 PMCID: PMC7011399 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9738032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is multifactorial disease, which is characterized by airflow limitation and can be provoked by genetic factors, including carriage of the PiZ allele of the protease inhibitor (Pi) gene, encoding alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT). Both homozygous and heterozygous PiZ allele carriers can develop COPD. It was found recently that normal A1AT regulates cytokine levels, including IL-17, which is involved in COPD progression. The aim of this study was to determine whether homozygous or heterozygous PiZ allele carriage leads to elevated level of IL-17 and other proinflammatory cytokines in COPD patients. Materials and Methods. Serum samples and clinical data were obtained from 44 COPD patients, who included 6 PiZZ, 8 PiMZ, and 30 PiMM A1AT phenotype carriers. Serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All A1AT phenotypes were verified by narrow pH range isoelectrofocusing with selective A1AT staining. A turbidimetric method was used for quantitative A1AT measurements. Results. COPD patients with both PiZZ and PiMZ phenotypes demonstrated elevated IL-17 and decreased IFN-γ levels in comparison to patients with the PiMM phenotype of A1AT. Thereafter, the ratio IL-17/IFN-γ in PiZZ and PiMZ groups greatly exceeded the values of the PiMM group. Homozygous PiZ allele carriers also had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-8, and IL-6 values correlated negatively with A1AT concentrations. Conclusions. The presence of the PiZ allele in both homozygous and heterozygous states is associated with altered serum cytokine levels, including elevated IL-17, IL-17/IFN-γ ratio, and IL-6 (only PiZZ), but lower IFN-γ and IL-8.
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24
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Weatherall SL, Chambers AB, Mermel LA. Do Bacteremic patients with end-stage renal disease have a fever when presenting to the emergency department? A paired, retrospective cohort study. BMC Emerg Med 2020; 20:2. [PMID: 31918657 PMCID: PMC6953182 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-019-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fever is a common symptom when patients present to Emergency Departments. It is unclear if the febrile response of bacteremic hemodialysis-dependent patients differs from bacteremic patients not receiving hemodialysis. The objective of this study was to compare Emergency Departments triage temperatures of patients with and without hemodialysis-dependent end-stage rental disease who have Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and determine the incidence of afebrile S. aureus bacteremia. Methods Paired, retrospective cohort study of 37 patients with and 37 patients without hemodialysis hospitalized with Methicillin-resistant or Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia. Emergency Department triage temperatures were reviewed for all patients, as were potential confounding variables. Results 54% (95% CI, 38–70%) and 82% (95% CI 65–91%) of hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients did not have a detectable fever (<100.4 °F) at triage. Triage temperatures were 100.5 °F (95% CI 99.9–101.2 °F) and 99.0 °F (95% CI 98.4–99.6 °F) in the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis cohorts, respectively (p < 0.001). Triage temperature in patients with and without diabetes mellitus was 99.2 °F (95% CI 98.4–99.9 °F) and 100.4 °F (95% CI 99.7–101.0 °F), respectively (p = 0.03). We were unable to detect a significant effect of diabetes mellitus and other potential confounding variables on differences in temperature between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis cohorts (all interactions p > 0.19). Conclusions Hemodialysis-dependent patients with S. aureus bacteremia had significantly higher temperatures than non- hemodialysis-dependent end stage renal disease patients but more than half of patients were without detectable fever at triage, possibly reflecting use of insensitive methods for measuring temperature. Absence of fever at presentation to the Emergency Department should not delay blood culture acquisition in patients who are at increased risk of S. aureus bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison B Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Lifespan Biostatistics Core, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Leonard A Mermel
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Division if Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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25
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Nguyen T, Chen X, Chai J, Li R, Han X, Chen X, Liu S, Chen M, Xu X. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Periplaneta americana extract and underlying mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109753. [PMID: 31865148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplaneta americana is a common traditional Chinese medicinal material which has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, pains, and inflammation of the extremities for several hundred years. However, little scientific data exists in literature to support its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) and explore its underlying mechanism. The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated by LPS-induced fever, carrageenan-induced paw edema, abdominal writhing, hot plate and formalin tests, respectively. The mechanism of action was explored by antioxidant activity analysis, inflammatory cytokines expression and febrile mediator measurement, and pathway activation analysis. The results from UHPLC-HRMS indicated that the extract was found to contain dopamine, coumarin, dipeptide, vitamin, organic acid, amino acid and its metabolites, and other organic compounds. PAE showed in a dose-dependent manner antioxidant activity and reduced the protein production and mRNA expression of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Moreover, PAE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the writhing responses and licking time in formalin tests, increased response latency in the hot plate test, reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammation in mice, decreased LPS-induced rT increase in rats. Furthermore, PAE treatment markedly inhibited the increase in the levels of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and cAMP in plasma of fevered rat, greatly suppressed the activation of inflammatory response pathway and the change of MDA and GSH concentration, MPO and SOD activity as well as FRAP capacity in paw induced by carrageenan injection. In conclusion, the findings suggested that PAE produced potential antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects by reducing production of endogenous inflammatory mediators and blocking the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway which support the claim for its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienthanh Nguyen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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26
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Gomes BRB, de Sousa GLS, Ott D, Murgott J, de Sousa MV, de Souza PEN, Roth J, Veiga-Souza FH. Cytoglobin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Primary Preoptic Area Cells via NF-κB Pathway Inhibition. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:307. [PMID: 31920538 PMCID: PMC6920097 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a hexacoordinate protein, associated with the transport of oxygen, nitric oxide scavenging, tumor suppression and protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. This protein is expressed in brain areas including the preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus, the region responsible for the regulation of body temperature. In this study, we show that Cygb is upregulated in the rat hypothalamus 2.5 h and 5 h after intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We investigated the effect of treatment with Cygb in POA primary cultures stimulated with LPS for 4 h. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured and the results showed that Cygb reduced the concentrations of both cytokines. We further observed a decrease in immunoreactivity of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), but not NF-IL6 and STAT3, in the nucleus of Cygb-treated POA cells. These findings suggest that Cygb attenuates the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated POA primary cultures via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating that this protein might play an important role in the control of neuroinflammation and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R B Gomes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Ott
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jolanta Murgott
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcelo V de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paulo E N de Souza
- Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Joachim Roth
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,School of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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27
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Yamashiro LH, de Souza GEP, de Melo Soares D. Role of CINC-1 and CXCR2 receptors on LPS-induced fever in rats. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:301-311. [PMID: 30349936 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The classic model of fever induction is based on the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria in experimental animals. LPS-induced fever results in the synthesis/release of many mediators that assemble an LPS-fever cascade. We have previously demonstrated that cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) + chemokine, centrally administered to rats, induces fever and increases prostaglandin E2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. We now attempt to investigate the involvement of CINC-1 and its functional receptor CXCR2 on the fever induced by exogenous and endogenous pyrogens in rats. We also investigated the effect of reparixin, an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1/CXCR2 receptors, on fever induced by either systemic administration of LPS or intracerebroventricular injection of CINC-1, as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or ET-1, known mediators of febrile response. Our results show increased CINC-1 mRNA expression in the liver, hypothalamus, CSF, and plasma following LPS injection. Moreover, reparixin administered right before CINC-1 or LPS abolished the fever induced by CINC-1 and significantly reduced the response induced by LPS. In spite of these results, reparixin does not modify the fever induced by IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, but significantly reduces ET-1-induced fever. Therefore, it is plausible to suggest that CINC-1 might contribute to LPS-induced fever in rats by activating CXCR2 receptor on the CNS. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that CINC-1 is placed upstream TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 among the prostaglandin-dependent fever-mediator cascade and amidst the prostaglandin-independent synthesis pathway of fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Harumi Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Glória Emília Petto de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis de Melo Soares
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Jeremoabo, no. 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
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28
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Firmino M, Weis SN, Souza JMF, Gomes BRB, Mól AR, Mortari MR, Souza GEP, Coca GC, Williams TCR, Fontes W, Ricart CAO, de Sousa MV, Veiga-Souza FH. Label-free quantitative proteomics of rat hypothalamus under fever induced by LPS and PGE 2. J Proteomics 2018; 187:182-199. [PMID: 30056254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a brain-mediated increase in body temperature mainly during inflammatory or infectious challenges. Although there is considerable data regarding the inflammation pathways involved in fever, metabolic alterations necessary to orchestrate the complex inflammatory response are not totally understood. We performed proteomic analysis of rat hypothalamus using label-free LC-MS/MS in a model of fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In total, 7021 proteins were identified. As far as we know, this is the largest rat hypothalamus proteome dataset available to date. Pathway analysis showed proteins from both stimuli associated with inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Concerning metabolic pathways, rats exposed to LPS or PGE2 presented lower relative abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Mitochondrial function may also be altered by both stimuli because significant downregulation of several proteins was found, mainly in complexes I and IV. LPS was able to induce downregulation of important proteins in the enzymatic antioxidant system, thereby contributing to oxidative stress. The results offered comprehensive information about fever responses and helped to reveal new insights into proteins potentially involved in inflammatory signaling and metabolic changes in the hypothalamus during systemic LPS and central PGE2 administration. SIGNIFICANCE The evolutionary persistence of fever, despite the elevated cost for maintenance of this response, suggests that elevation in core temperature may represent an interesting strategy for survival. Fever response is achieved through the integrated behavioral, physiological, immunological and biochemical processes that determine the balance between heat generation and elimination. The development of such complex response arouses interest in studying how the cell metabolism responds or even contributes to promote fever. Our results offered comprehensive information about fever responses, including metabolic and inflammatory pathways, providing new insights into candidate proteins potentially involved in inflammatory signaling and metabolic changes in the hypothalamus during fever induced by systemic LPS and central PGE2 perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Firmino
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Simone N Weis
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jaques M F Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna R B Gomes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Alan R Mól
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Gloria E P Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Coca
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos André O Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; School of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil.
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Bastos-Pereira AL, Fraga D, Dreifuss AA, Zampronio AR. Central mediators of the zymosan-induced febrile response. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:555-562. [PMID: 28981444 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zymosan is a fungal cell wall protein-carbohydrate complex that is known to activate inflammatory pathways through the Toll-like receptors and is commonly used to induce fever. Nevertheless, the central mediators that are involved in the zymosan-induced febrile response are only partially known. METHODS The present study evaluated the participation of prostaglandins, substance P, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and endogenous opioids (eOPs) in the zymosan-induced febrile response by using inhibitors and antagonists in male Wistar rats. RESULTS Both nonselective (indomethacin) and selective (celecoxib) cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduced the febrile response induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of zymosan. Indomethacin also blocked the increase in the prostaglandin E2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. An intracerebroventricular injection of the neurokinin-1, ETB, and μ-opioid receptor antagonists also reduced the febrile response induced by the i.p. injected zymosan. Moreover, the μ-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP also reduced the febrile response induced by intra-articular injection of zymosan. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that prostaglandins, substance P, ET-1, and eOPs are central mediators of the zymosan-induced febrile response.
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Pakai E, Tekus V, Zsiboras C, Rumbus Z, Olah E, Keringer P, Khidhir N, Matics R, Deres L, Ordog K, Szentes N, Pohoczky K, Kemeny A, Hegyi P, Pinter E, Garami A. The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Contributes to the Early Phase of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fever via Stimulation of Peripheral Cyclooxygenase-2 Protein Expression in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:166. [PMID: 29459872 PMCID: PMC5807668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin (NK) signaling is involved in various inflammatory processes. A common manifestation of systemic inflammation is fever, which is usually induced in animal models with the administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A role for the NK1 receptor was shown in LPS-induced fever, but the underlying mechanisms of how the NK1 receptor contributes to febrile response, especially in the early phase, have remained unknown. We administered LPS (120 µg/kg, intraperitoneally) to mice with the Tacr1 gene, i.e., the gene encoding the NK1 receptor, either present (Tacr1+/+ ) or absent (Tacr1-/- ) and measured their thermoregulatory responses, serum cytokine levels, tissue cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentration. We found that the LPS-induced febrile response was attenuated in Tacr1-/- compared to their Tacr1+/+ littermates starting from 40 min postinfusion. The febrigenic effect of intracerebroventricularly administered PGE2 was not suppressed in the Tacr1-/- mice. Serum concentration of pyrogenic cytokines did not differ between Tacr1-/- and Tacr1+/+ at 40 min post-LPS infusion. Administration of LPS resulted in amplification of COX-2 mRNA expression in the lungs, liver, and brain of the mice, which was statistically indistinguishable between the genotypes. In contrast, the LPS-induced augmentation of COX-2 protein expression was attenuated in the lungs and tended to be suppressed in the liver of Tacr1-/- mice compared with Tacr1+/+ mice. The Tacr1+/+ mice responded to LPS with a significant surge of PGE2 production in the lungs, whereas Tacr1-/- mice did not. In conclusion, the NK1 receptor is necessary for normal fever genesis. Our results suggest that the NK1 receptor contributes to the early phase of LPS-induced fever by enhancing COX-2 protein expression in the periphery. These findings advance the understanding of the crosstalk between NK signaling and the "cytokine-COX-2-prostaglandin E2" axis in systemic inflammation, thereby open up the possibilities for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Pakai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Valeria Tekus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Zsiboras
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rumbus
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Emoke Olah
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Patrik Keringer
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nora Khidhir
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robert Matics
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Deres
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ordog
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Szentes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohoczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Agnes Kemeny
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Pinter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Garami
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Rectal temperature in the first five hours after hypoxia-ischemia critically affects neuropathological outcomes in neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:536-544. [PMID: 28288145 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundHyperthermia after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in newborn infants is associated with worse neurological outcomes. Loss of thermoregulation may also be associated with greater injury.MethodsIn the postnatal-day 7 (P7) rat, the effect of 5 h of graded hyperthermia (38 °C or 39 °C) immediately after unilateral HI was compared with normothermia (NT, 37 °C) and therapeutic hypothermia (TH, 32 °C). Early (negative geotaxis) and late (staircase test) behavioral testing was performed, as well as neuropathology scoring in adulthood. Separately, P7 rats were exposed to HI, and individual nesting temperatures were monitored before analysis of neuropathology at P14.ResultsMortality increased as temperature was increased from 38 °C (0%) to 39 °C (50%) after HI. Hyperthermia also resulted in early behavioral deficits compared with NT. In adulthood, pathology scores in the thalamus, basal ganglia, cortex, and hippocampus increased as post-hypoxic temperature increased above NT. Significant global neuroprotection was seen in the TH group. However, no significant difference was seen between HI groups in the staircase test. One hour after HI, the core temperature of pups was inversely correlated with global pathology scores at P14.ConclusionEarly temperature is a significant determinant of injury after experimental HI. Spontaneous decreases in core temperature after HI may confound neuroprotection studies.
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Gomes BRB, Firmino M, Jorge JS, Ferreira MLO, Rodovalho TM, Weis SN, Souza GEP, Morais PC, Sousa MV, Souza PEN, Veiga-Souza FH. Increase of reactive oxygen species in different tissues during lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and antipyresis: an electron paramagnetic resonance study. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:351-361. [PMID: 29308684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1425549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fever is a regulated increase in body temperature and a component of the acute-phase response, triggered mainly after the invasion of pathogens in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the physiological and pathological processes, and can act as both signalling molecules as well as promoters of oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats, pretreated with oral doses of acetaminophen, celecoxib, dipyrone, or ibuprofen 30 min before an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline injection, showed a reduced febrile response in all animals tested. The formation of ROS in the fresh blood, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and hypothalamus of febrile and antipyretic-treated animals was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH). While the CM• concentrations remained unaltered in the blood samples examined 5 h after the induction of fever, we found increased CM• levels in the liver (in µM, saline: 290 ± 42; LPS: 512 ± 34), BAT (in µM, saline: 509 ± 79, LPS: 855 ± 79), and hypothalamus (in µM, saline: 292 ± 35; LPS: 467 ± 8) at the same time point. Importantly, none of the antipyretics were seen to alter the CM• accumulation profile. Data from this study suggest that there is an increased formation of ROS in the different tissues during fever, which may cause oxidative stress, and that the antipyretics tested do not interfere with ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R B Gomes
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marina Firmino
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Jardeson S Jorge
- b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone N Weis
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Gloria E P Souza
- c Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Paulo C Morais
- d School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei , China.,e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Paulo E N Souza
- e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.,b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
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McDonald FB, Khawaja AM, Imran AA, Ellis ME, Chandrasekharan K, Hasan SU. Thermal and cytokine responses to endotoxin challenge during early life. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1488-1492. [PMID: 28881142 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of infant mortality beyond the neonatal period. An increase in body temperature as a result of high environmental temperature, overwrapping of infants, and (or) infection are associated with SIDS. Endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat stress may perturb cardiorespiratory function and thermoregulation. Although LPS-mediated body temperature and cytokine responses are well documented in older animals, the capacity of LPS to induce fever and cytokine response in young rats remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate the acute effects of LPS on body temperature and cytokine concentrations in rat pups. Postnatal day 7 rat pups were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, rats were administered LPS intraperitoneally (200 μg/kg); Group 2, rats received saline at volume equal to that administered in the LPS group; Group 3, rats received no treatment. Pups were placed in custom-made chambers maintained at ambient temperature of 33 °C. Body surface temperature was continuously monitored for 4 h. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized and serum was collected for cytokine analysis. We demonstrate that LPS treatment increased MIP-1α, IL-10, MCP-1, IP-10, fractalkine, and TNF-α with no concurrent rise in body surface temperature. Although neonatal rats produced an array of cytokines in response to LPS, there was no evidence of fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona B McDonald
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmad M Khawaja
- b Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmad A Imran
- b Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Margot E Ellis
- b Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kumaran Chandrasekharan
- b Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shabih U Hasan
- b Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Soares DDM, Santos DR, Rummel C, Ott D, Melo MCC, Roth J, Calixto JB, Souza GEP. The relevance of kalikrein-kinin system via activation of B 2 receptor in LPS-induced fever in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:84-96. [PMID: 28826826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the involvement of endogenous kallikrein-kinin system and the bradykinin (BK) B1 and B2 receptors on LPS- induced fever and the POA cells involved in this response. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats received either i.v. (1 mg/kg), i.c.v. (20 nmol) or i.h. (2 nmol) injections of icatibant (B2 receptor antagonist) 30 or 60 min, respectively, before the stimuli. DALBK (B1 receptor antagonist) was given either 15min before BK (i.c.v.) or 30 min before LPS (i.v.). Captopril (5 mg/kg, sc.,) was given 1 h prior LPS or BK. Concentrations of BK and total kininogenon CSF, plasma and tissue kallikrein were evaluated. Rectal temperatures (rT) were assessed by telethermometry. Ca++ signaling in POA cells was performed in rat pup brain tissue microcultures. RESULTS Icatibant reduced LPS fever while, captopril exacerbated that response, an effect abolished by icatibant. Icatibant (i.h.) reduced fever to BK (i.h.) but not that induced by LPS (i.v.). BK increased intracellular calcium concentration in neurons and astrocytes. LPS increased levels of bradykinin, tissue kallikrein and total kininogen. BK (i.c.v.) increased rT and decreased tail skin temperature. Captopril potentiated BK-induced fever an effect abolished by icatibant. DALBK reduced the fever induced by BK. BK (i.c.v.) increased the CSF PGE2concentration. Effect abolished by indomethacin (i.p.). CONCLUSIONS LPS activates endogenous kalikrein-kinin system leading to production of BK, which by acting on B2-receptors of POA cells causes prostaglandin synthesis that in turn produces fever. Thus, a kinin B2-receptor antagonist that enters into the brain could constitute a new and interesting strategy to treat fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis de Melo Soares
- Department of Medicament, Faculty of Pharmacy of Federal University of Bahia, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danielle R Santos
- Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Míriam C C Melo
- Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joachim Roth
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - João B Calixto
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Froes TQ, Melo MCC, Souza GEP, Castilho MS, Soares DM. Virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel antipyretic compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:739-752. [PMID: 28390086 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Due to the absence of safety of the antipyretics to patients with cardiovascular dysfunction, new targets to treat inflammation have been pursued. mPGES-1 is a promising target because its inhibition would not cause the side-effects related to COX inhibition. To identify novel inhibitors of mPGES-1, we developed a ligand-based pharmacophore model that differentiates true inhibitors from decoys and enlightens the structure-activity relationships for known mPGES-1 inhibitors. The model (four hydrophobic centers, two hydrogen bond acceptor and two hydrogen bond donor points) was employed to select lead-like compounds from ZINC database for in vivo evaluation. Among the 18 compounds selected, five inhibited the fever induced by LPS. The most potent compound (5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-({6-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl}methyl)-2,3dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one) is active peripherally (i.v.) or centrally (i.c.v.) (82.18% and 112% reduction, respectively) and reduces (69.13%) hypothalamic PGE2 production, without significant COX-1/2 inhibition. In conclusion, our in silico approach leads to the selection of a compound that presents the chemical features to inhibit mPGES-1 and reduces fever induced by LPS. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro results support the hypothesis that its mechanism of action does not depend on COX inhibition. Hence, it can be considered a promising lead compound for antipyretic development, once it would not have the side-effects of COX-1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Quadros Froes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Fever, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Miriam C C Melo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gloria E P Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Santos Castilho
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Denis M Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Fever, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Lomba LA, Vogt PH, Souza VEP, Leite-Avalca MCG, Verdan MH, Stefanello MEA, Zampronio AR. A Naphthoquinone from Sinningia canescens Inhibits Inflammation and Fever in Mice. Inflammation 2017; 40:1051-1061. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Thaler E, Toledo F, Korte H. Can Direct Current Electrotherapy Be Used for Patients With Orthopedic Implants? Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2017; 8:44-48. [PMID: 28255511 PMCID: PMC5315240 DOI: 10.1177/2151458516681141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although electrotherapy appears to have particularly interesting applications in the field of postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation, relatively little scientifically based research has been conducted in the area of electrotherapy with regard to safety involving patients with orthopedic implants. Method: Three electrotherapy forms were tested, such as high-volt stimulation (HVS), transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), and galvanic current (GAL), using a model system containing a metal implant plate to evaluate whether heating in excess of 3°C would occur. Results: All changes in temperature for HVS, GAL, and TENS therapeutic electrical currents observed in our model system fall below the predefined 3°C. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental based observation that prolonged exposure to a direct electrical current at therapeutic strength does not result in heating of metal titanium plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline Thaler
- Division for Health and Socials Studies in Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences Hochschule Fresenius, Munich, Germany
| | - Felippe Toledo
- Division for Health and Socials Studies in Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences Hochschule Fresenius, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Korte
- Division for Health and Social Studies, University of Applied Sciences Hochschule Fresenius, Munich, Germany
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Meza-Segura M, Zaidi MB, Maldonado-Puga S, Huerta-Cantillo J, Chavez-Dueñas L, Navarro-Garcia F, Estrada-Garcia T. Cytolethal distending toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains causing severe diarrhoea in young Mexican children. JMM Case Rep 2017; 4:e005079. [PMID: 28348804 PMCID: PMC5361634 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), encoded by cdt genes, have DNase activity leading to cellular and nuclear distension, resulting in irreversible cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of target cells. cdt-positive Escherichia coli strains have been isolated from children with diarrhoea. There is, however, scant information on the prevalence and clinical presentation of diarrhoeal disease caused by these strains. Furthermore, toxin production of cdt-positive strains is rarely confirmed. We report five young children with diarrhoea caused by CDT-producing E. coli in whom stools were negative for other bacterial or enteric pathogens. Case presentation. On admission to hospital, all children presented watery diarrhoea with high stool output (range 7–20 stools/24 h); five had fever of 38 °C or more and four presented vomiting. Dehydration was present in four patients, one of whom had hypovolaemic shock; one child also presented hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. In two children, cdt-positive strains were classified as typical and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli, and the remaining three harboured cdt-positive strains that did not belong to any diarrhoeagenic pathogroup. One cdt-positive strain from each case was characterized by a CDT cytotoxic assay and a cdt type-specific PCR. All strains produced the characteristic cellular intoxication due to CDT. Two strains carried the cdt-I, one cdt-III, one cdt-IV, and one concurrently had cdt-I, cdt-II and cdt-III genes. Conclusion. Our results suggest that CDT-producing E. coli strains are an infrequent, albeit significant, cause of severe diarrhoeal illness in children. Future research should measure the true burden of cdt-positive E. coli diarrhoea among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Meza-Segura
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mussaret Bano Zaidi
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General O'Horan, Merida, Mexico.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
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Chiumello D, Gotti M, Vergani G. Paracetamol in fever in critically ill patients-an update. J Crit Care 2016; 38:245-252. [PMID: 27992852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fever, which is arbitrary defined as an increase in body temperature above 38.3°C, can affect up to 90% of patients admitted in intensive care unit. Induction of fever is mediated by the release of pyrogenic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferons). Fever is associated with increased length of stay in intensive care unit and with a worse outcome in some subgroups of patients (mainly neurocritically ill patients). Although fever can increase oxygen consumption in unstable patients, on the contrary, it can activate physiologic systems that are involved in pathogens clearance. Treatments to reduce fever include the use of antipyretics. Thus, the reduction of fever might reduce the ability to develop an efficient host response. This balance, between harms and benefits, has to be taken into account every time we decide to treat or not to treat fever in a given patient. Among the antipyretics, paracetamol is one of the most common used. Paracetamol is a synthetic, nonopioid, centrally acting analgesic, and antipyretic drug. Its antipyretic effect occurs because it inhibits cyclooxygenase-3 and the prostaglandin synthesis, within the central nervous system, resetting the hypothalamic heat-regulation center. In this clinical review, we will summarize the use of paracetamol as antipyretic in critically ill patients (sepsis, trauma, neurological, and medical).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chiumello
- Dipartimento di Emergenza-Urgenza, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Gotti
- Dipartimento di Emergenza-Urgenza, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - G Vergani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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40
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Coimbra CC, Wanner SP, Machado-Moreira CA. Brazil: What country is this? Temperature (Austin) 2016; 3:11-4. [PMID: 27227087 PMCID: PMC4861198 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1150698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais., Av. Antônio Carlos , 6627. Pampulha. Belo Horizonte (MG) , Brazil . Zip code: 31270-901
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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