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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Photodynamic therapy induced cell cycle arrest and cancer cell synchronization: review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225694. [PMID: 37503319 PMCID: PMC10369002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle arrest (CCA) is seen as a prime candidate for effective cancer therapy. This mechanism can help researchers to create new treatments to target cancer cells at particular stages of the cell cycle (CC). The CCA is a characteristic of various therapeutic modalities, including radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), which synchronizes the cells and facilitates the standardization of radio-chemotherapy protocols. Although it was discovered that photodynamic treatment (PDT) had a biological effect on CCA in cancer cells, the mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, besides conventional forms of cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, various unconventional types of cell death including pyroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos after PDT have been reported. Thus, a variety of elements, such as oxygen, the tumor's microenvironment, the characteristics of light, and photosensitizer (PS), influence the effectiveness of the PDT treatment, which have not yet been studied clearly. This review focuses on CCA induced by PDT for a variety of PSs agents on various cell lines. The CCA by PDT can be viewed as a remarkable effect and instructive for the management of the PDT protocol. Regarding the relationship between the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its biological consequences, we have proposed two mathematical models in PDT. Finally, we have gathered recent in vitro and in vivo studies about CCA post-PDT at various stages and made suggestions about how it can standardize, potentiate, and customize the PDT methodology.
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2
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Lowther KM, Bartolucci AF, Massey RE, Brown J, Peluso JJ. Supplementing culture medium with the weak acid, 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) limits the development of aneuploid mouse embryos through a Trp53-dependent mechanism. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1215-1223. [PMID: 37058262 PMCID: PMC10239418 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to determine if DMO limits in vitro development of aneuploid-enriched mouse embryos by activating a Trp53-dependent mechanism. METHODS Mouse cleavage-stage embryos were treated with reversine to induce aneuploidy or vehicle to generate controls, and then cultured in media supplemented with DMO to reduce the pH of the culture media. Embryo morphology was assessed by phase microscopy. Cell number, mitotic figures, and apoptotic bodies were revealed by staining fixed embryos with DAPI. mRNA levels of Trp53, Oct-4, and Cdx2 were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs). The effect of Trp53 on the expression of Oct-4 and Cdx2 was assessed by depleting Trp53 using Trp53 siRNA. RESULTS Aneuploid-enriched late-stage blastocysts were morphologically indistinguishable from control blastocysts but had fewer cells and reduced mRNA levels of Oct-4 and Cdx2. Adding 1 mM DMO to the culture media during the 8-cell to blastocyst transition reduced the formation of aneuploid-enriched late-stage blastocysts but not control blastocysts and further suppressed the levels of Oct-4 and Cdx2 mRNA. Trp53 RNA levels in aneuploid-enriched embryos that were exposed to DMO were > twofold higher than controls, and Trp53 siRNA levels reduced the levels of Trp53 and increased levels of Oct-4 and Cdx2 mRNA by > twofold. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that the development of morphologically normal aneuploid-enriched mouse blastocysts can be inhibited by adding low amounts of DMO to the culture media, which results in elevated levels of Trp53 mRNA that suppresses Oct-4 and Cdx2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Lowther
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., CT, 06030, Farmington, USA
| | - Alison F Bartolucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- The Center for Advanced Reproductive Services, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Judy Brown
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UCONN, Storrs, CT, 06268, USA
| | - John J Peluso
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., CT, 06030, Farmington, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Chen H, Han Z, Luo Q, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhou L, Zuo H. Radiotherapy modulates tumor cell fate decisions: a review. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:196. [PMID: 36457125 PMCID: PMC9714175 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been a worldwide problem, and the application of radiotherapy has greatly improved the survival rate of cancer patients. Radiotherapy can modulate multiple cell fate decisions to kill tumor cells and achieve its therapeutic effect. With the development of radiotherapy technology, how to increase the killing effect of tumor cells and reduce the side effects on normal cells has become a new problem. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which radiotherapy induces tumor cell apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and cuproptosis. An in-depth understanding of these radiotherapy-related cell fate decisions can greatly improve the efficiency of radiotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiju Li
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Newly Synthesized Melphalan Analogs Induce DNA Damage and Mitotic Catastrophe in Hematological Malignant Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214258. [PMID: 36430734 PMCID: PMC9693175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloablative therapy with highdoses of the cytostatic drug melphalan (MEL) in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation is the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Melphalan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that covalently binds to nucleophilic sites in the DNA and effective in the treatment, but unfortunately has limited therapeutic benefit. Therefore, new approaches are urgently needed for patients who are resistant to existing standard treatment with MEL. Regulating the pharmacological activity of drug molecules by modifying their structure is one method for improving their effectiveness. The purpose of this work was to analyze the physicochemical and biological properties of newly synthesized melphalan derivatives (EE-MEL, EM-MEL, EM-MOR-MEL, EM-I-MEL, EM-T-MEL) obtained through the esterification of the carboxyl group and the replacement of the the amino group with an amidine group. Compounds were selected based on our previous studies for their improved anticancer properties in comparison with the original drug. For this, we first evaluated the physicochemical properties using the circular dichroism technique, then analyzed the zeta potential and the hydrodynamic diameters of the particles. Then, the in vitro biological properties of the analogs were tested on multiple myeloma (RPMI8226), acute monocytic leukemia (THP1), and promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells as model systems for hematological malignant cells. DNA damage was assessed by immunostaining γH2AX, cell cycle distribution changes by propidium iodide (PI) staining, and cell death by the activation of caspase 2. We proved that the newly synthesized derivatives, in particular EM-MOR-MEL and EM-T-MEL, affected the B-DNA conformation, thus increasing the DNA damage. As a result of the DNA changes, the cell cycle was arrested in the S and G2/M phases. The cell death occurred by activating a mitotic catastrophe. Our investigations suggest that the analogs EM-MOR-MEL and EM-T-MEL have better anti-cancer activity in multiple myeloma cells than the currently used melphalan.
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Loftus LV, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Interplay between Cell Death and Cell Proliferation Reveals New Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4723. [PMID: 35563113 PMCID: PMC9105727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division and cell death are fundamental processes governing growth and development across the tree of life. This relationship represents an evolutionary link between cell cycle and cell death programs that is present in all cells. Cancer is characterized by aberrant regulation of both, leading to unchecked proliferation and replicative immortality. Conventional anti-cancer therapeutic strategies take advantage of the proliferative dependency of cancer yet, in doing so, are triggering apoptosis, a death pathway to which cancer is inherently resistant. A thorough understanding of how therapeutics kill cancer cells is needed to develop novel, more durable treatment strategies. While cancer evolves cell-intrinsic resistance to physiological cell death pathways, there are opportunities for cell cycle agnostic forms of cell death, for example, necroptosis or ferroptosis. Furthermore, cell cycle independent death programs are immunogenic, potentially licensing host immunity for additional antitumor activity. Identifying cell cycle independent vulnerabilities of cancer is critical for developing alternative strategies that can overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke V. Loftus
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.R.A.); (K.J.P.)
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.R.A.); (K.J.P.)
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.R.A.); (K.J.P.)
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Clemm von Hohenberg K, Müller S, Schleich S, Meister M, Bohlen J, Hofmann TG, Teleman AA. Cyclin B/CDK1 and Cyclin A/CDK2 phosphorylate DENR to promote mitotic protein translation and faithful cell division. Nat Commun 2022; 13:668. [PMID: 35115540 PMCID: PMC8813921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DENR and MCTS1 have been identified as oncogenes in several different tumor entities. The heterodimeric DENR·MCTS1 protein complex promotes translation of mRNAs containing upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs). We show here that DENR is phosphorylated on Serine 73 by Cyclin B/CDK1 and Cyclin A/CDK2 at the onset of mitosis, and then dephosphorylated as cells exit mitosis. Phosphorylation of Ser73 promotes mitotic stability of DENR protein and prevents its cleavage at Asp26. This leads to enhanced translation of mRNAs involved in mitosis. Indeed, we find that roughly 40% of all mRNAs with elevated translation in mitosis are DENR targets. In the absence of DENR or of Ser73 phosphorylation, cells display elevated levels of aberrant mitoses and cell death. This provides a mechanism how the cell cycle regulates translation of a subset of mitotically relevant mRNAs during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Clemm von Hohenberg
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Müller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schleich
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meister
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Poczta A, Krzeczyński P, Tobiasz J, Rogalska A, Gajek A, Marczak A. Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Novel Melphalan Analogs in Hematological Malignancy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1760. [PMID: 35163680 PMCID: PMC8836188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous developments in pharmacology and the high therapeutic effect of new treatment options for patients with hematological malignancies, these diseases remain a major health issue. Our study aimed to synthesize, analyze in silico, and determine the biological properties of new melphalan derivatives. We obtained three methyl esters of melphalan having in their structures amidine moieties substituted with thiomorpholine (EM-T-MEL), indoline (EM-I-MEL), or 4-(4-morpholinyl) piperidine (EM-MORPIP-MEL). These have not yet been described in the literature. The in vitro anticancer properties of the analogs were determined against THP1, HL60, and RPMI8226 cells. Melphalan derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxicity (resazurin viability assay), genotoxicity (alkaline comet assay), and their ability to induce apoptosis (Hoechst33342/propidium iodide double staining method; phosphatidylserine translocation; and caspase 3/7, 8, and 9 activity measurements). Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were examined using the specific fluorescence probe JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine). The EM-T-MEL derivative had the highest biological activity, showing higher cytotoxic and genotoxic properties than the parent drug. Moreover, it showed a high ability to induce apoptosis in the tested cancer cells. This compound also had a beneficial effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In conclusion, we verified and confirmed the hypothesis that chemical modifications of the melphalan structure improved its anticancer properties. The conducted study allowed the selection of the compound with the highest biological activity and provided a basis for chemical structure-biological activity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazja Poczta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Piotr Krzeczyński
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joanna Tobiasz
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cycle checkpoints operate as DNA surveillance mechanisms that prevent the accumulation and propagation of genetic errors during cell division. Checkpoints can delay cell cycle progression or, in response to irreparable DNA damage, induce cell cycle exit or cell death. Cancer-associated mutations that perturb cell cycle control allow continuous cell division chiefly by compromising the ability of cells to exit the cell cycle. Continuous rounds of division, however, create increased reliance on other cell cycle control mechanisms to prevent catastrophic levels of damage and maintain cell viability. New detailed insights into cell cycle control mechanisms and their role in cancer reveal how these dependencies can be best exploited in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Sazonova EV, Petrichuk SV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. A link between mitotic defects and mitotic catastrophe: detection and cell fate. Biol Direct 2021; 16:25. [PMID: 34886882 PMCID: PMC8656038 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of mitotic catastrophe was first described more than 80 years ago, only recently has this term been used to explain a mechanism of cell death linked to delayed mitosis. Several mechanisms have been suggested for mitotic catastrophe development and cell fate. Depending on molecular perturbations, mitotic catastrophe can end in three types of cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Moreover, mitotic catastrophe can be associated with different types of cell aging, the development of which negatively affects tumor elimination and, consequently, reduces the therapeutic effect. The effective triggering of mitotic catastrophe in clinical practice requires induction of DNA damage as well as inhibition of the molecular pathways that regulate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Here we discuss various methods to detect mitotic catastrophe, the mechanisms of its development, and the attempts to use this phenomenon in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sazonova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Svetlana V Petrichuk
- Federal State Autonomous Institution "National Medical Research Center for Children's Health" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119296
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Rizzotto D, Englmaier L, Villunger A. At a Crossroads to Cancer: How p53-Induced Cell Fate Decisions Secure Genome Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910883. [PMID: 34639222 PMCID: PMC8509445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P53 is known as the most critical tumor suppressor and is often referred to as the guardian of our genome. More than 40 years after its discovery, we are still struggling to understand all molecular details on how this transcription factor prevents oncogenesis or how to leverage current knowledge about its function to improve cancer treatment. Multiple cues, including DNA-damage or mitotic errors, can lead to the stabilization and nuclear translocation of p53, initiating the expression of multiple target genes. These transcriptional programs may be cell-type- and stimulus-specific, as is their outcome that ultimately imposes a barrier to cellular transformation. Cell cycle arrest and cell death are two well-studied consequences of p53 activation, but, while being considered critical, they do not fully explain the consequences of p53 loss-of-function phenotypes in cancer. Here, we discuss how mitotic errors alert the p53 network and give an overview of multiple ways that p53 can trigger cell death. We argue that a comparative analysis of different types of p53 responses, elicited by different triggers in a time-resolved manner in well-defined model systems, is critical to understand the cell-type-specific cell fate induced by p53 upon its activation in order to resolve the remaining mystery of its tumor-suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rizzotto
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.R.); (L.E.)
| | - Lukas Englmaier
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.R.); (L.E.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.R.); (L.E.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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11
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Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe is a modality of cell death (or occasionally senescence) that occurs after cells enter, and fail to resolve, abnormal mitosis, for instance after DNA damage or perturbations of the cell cycle. Mitotic catastrophe can avoid the generation of neoplastic cells from premalignant precursors, yet may also occur in cancer cells as a result of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Of note, vinca alkaloids and taxanes, which are both known for affecting the stability of microtubules, can trigger mitotic catastrophe. Such agents can also cause cancer cells to undergo immunogenic cell death (ICD), which allows therapeutic responses to last beyond treatment discontinuation due to the induction of an antitumor immune response. ICD is commonly characterized by the exposure of the endoplasmic reticulum protein calreticulin on the cell surface. Here we describe an immunofluorescence-based cytofluorometric technique to detect calreticulin exposure on tumor cells exposed to drugs that induce mitotic catastrophe.
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12
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Brown-Suedel AN, Bouchier-Hayes L. Caspase-2 Substrates: To Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Control, and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610022. [PMID: 33425918 PMCID: PMC7785872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 belongs to the caspase family of proteins responsible for essential cellular functions including apoptosis and inflammation. Uniquely, caspase-2 has been identified as a tumor suppressor, but how it regulates this function is still unknown. For many years, caspase-2 has been considered an “orphan” caspase because, although it is able to induce apoptosis, there is an abundance of conflicting evidence that questions its necessity for apoptosis. Recent evidence supports that caspase-2 has non-apoptotic functions in the cell cycle and protection from genomic instability. It is unclear how caspase-2 regulates these opposing functions, which has made the mechanism of tumor suppression by caspase-2 difficult to determine. As a protease, caspase-2 likely exerts its functions by proteolytic cleavage of cellular substrates. This review highlights the known substrates of caspase-2 with a special focus on their functional relevance to caspase-2’s role as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Brown-Suedel
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Simon Serrano S, Sime W, Abassi Y, Daams R, Massoumi R, Jemaà M. Inhibition of mitotic kinase Mps1 promotes cell death in neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11997. [PMID: 32686724 PMCID: PMC7371706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common paediatric cancer type. Patients diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma have poor prognosis and occasionally tumours relapse. As a result, novel treatment strategies are needed for relapse and refractory neuroblastoma patients. Here, we found that high expression of Mps1 kinase (mitotic kinase Monopolar Spindle 1) was associated with relapse-free neuroblastoma patient outcomes and poor overall survival. Silencing and inhibition of Mps1 in neuroblastoma or PDX-derived cells promoted cell apoptosis via the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The mechanism of cell death upon Mps1 inhibition was dependent on the polyploidization/aneuploidization of the cells before undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Furthermore, tumour growth retardation was confirmed in a xenograft mouse model after Mps1-inhibitor treatment. Altogether, these results suggest that Mps1 expression and inhibition can be considered as a novel prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Simon Serrano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wondossen Sime
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yasmin Abassi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Renée Daams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mohamed Jemaà
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Warda K, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Grzanka A, Grzanka D. Mechanism of mitotic catastrophe and its role in anticancer therapy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of mitotic catastrophe has been the subject of scientific discussion for over a decade. Initially, it was thought that mitotic catastrophe is one of the types of cell death occurring during aberrant mitosis. A number of studies carried out in recent years allowed for a better understanding of the function of this process. According to the definition proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death in 2018, mitotic catastrophe is an oncosuppressive mechanism that inhibits the proliferation and/or survival of cells that are unable to complete mitosis by inducing cell death or initiating cellular senescence. Mitotic catastrophe is recognized based on unique nuclear changes, the presence of abnormal mitotic figures and several molecular alterations. It is believed that avoiding mitotic catastrophe by genetically unstable cells promotes their unlimited growth, which can lead to cancer transformation. Therefore, the induction of mitotic catastrophe seems to be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, despite the significant role of this process, the molecular events between aberrant mitosis and cell death are still not well understood. It can be assumed that a thorough understanding of signaling pathways linking mitotic catastrophe with cell death will enable the effective use of known inducers of mitotic catastrophe in the treatment of cancer and provide new therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to present a morphological and functional definition of mitotic catastrophe and its potential role in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Warda
- Katedra Histologii i Embriologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Katedra Histologii i Embriologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
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15
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Yuan B, Hao J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Role of Bcl-2 on drug resistance in breast cancer polyploidy-induced spindle poisons. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1701-1710. [PMID: 32194662 PMCID: PMC7039128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle poisons are chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of malignant tumors; however, numerous patients develop resistance following chemotherapy. The present study aimed to induce polyploidy in breast cancer cells using the spindle poison nocodazole to investigate the mechanism of polyploid-induced tumor resistance. It was revealed that the spindle poison nocodazole induced apoptosis in HCC1806 cells but also induced polyploidy in MDA-MB-231 cells. The drug sensitivities of the polyploid MDA-MB-231 cells to paclitaxel, docetaxel, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin were lower than those of the original tumor cells; however, the polyploid MDA-MB-231 cells were more sensitive to etoposide than the original tumor cells. The expression of F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBW7) was decreased, while the expression of MCL1 apoptosis regulator BCL2 family member (MCL-1) and Bcl-2 was increased, and caspase-3/9 and Bax were not expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. The resistance to docetaxel and etoposide was reversed, but the sensitivity of paclitaxel was not changed following Bcl-2 silencing. The formation of polyploidy in tumors may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to spindle poisons. Expression of the Bcl-2 family members, for example FBW7 and MCL-1, plays a key role in apoptosis and the cell escape process that forms polyploid cells. However, Bcl-2 silencing has different reversal effects on different anti-tumor drugs, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Hao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Jinghai Hospital, Tianjin 301600, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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16
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Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. The balance between mitotic death and mitotic slippage in acute leukemia: a new therapeutic window? J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:123. [PMID: 31771633 PMCID: PMC6880427 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is the process whereby an eukaryotic cell divides into two identical copies. Different multiprotein complexes are involved in the fine regulation of cell division, including the mitotic promoting factor and the anaphase promoting complex. Prolonged mitosis can result in cellular division, cell death, or mitotic slippage, the latter leading to a new interphase without cellular division. Mitotic slippage is one of the causes of genomic instability and has an important therapeutic and clinical impact. It has been widely studied in solid tumors but not in hematological malignancies, in particular, in acute leukemia. We review the literature data available on mitotic regulation, alterations in mitotic proteins occurring in acute leukemia, induction of prolonged mitosis and its consequences, focusing in particular on the balance between cell death and mitotic slippage and on its therapeutic potentials. We also present the most recent preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy of second-generation mitotic drugs (CDK1-Cyclin B1, APC/CCDC20, PLK, Aurora kinase inhibitors). Despite the poor clinical activity showed by these drugs as single agents, they offer a potential therapeutic window for synthetic lethal combinations aimed to selectively target leukemic cells at the right time, thus decreasing the risk of mitotic slippage events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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17
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Giotti B, Chen SH, Barnett MW, Regan T, Ly T, Wiemann S, Hume DA, Freeman TC. Assembly of a parts list of the human mitotic cell cycle machinery. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:703-718. [PMID: 30452682 PMCID: PMC6788831 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The set of proteins required for mitotic division remains poorly characterized. Here, an extensive series of correlation analyses of human and mouse transcriptomics data were performed to identify genes strongly and reproducibly associated with cells undergoing S/G2-M phases of the cell cycle. In so doing, 701 cell cycle-associated genes were defined and while it was shown that many are only expressed during these phases, the expression of others is also driven by alternative promoters. Of this list, 496 genes have known cell cycle functions, whereas 205 were assigned as putative cell cycle genes, 53 of which are functionally uncharacterized. Among these, 27 were screened for subcellular localization revealing many to be nuclear localized and at least three to be novel centrosomal proteins. Furthermore, 10 others inhibited cell proliferation upon siRNA knockdown. This study presents the first comprehensive list of human cell cycle proteins, identifying many new candidate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Giotti
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute, EDyP Department, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Sz-Hau Chen
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark W Barnett
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Swann Building, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Molecular Genome Analysis (B050), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Qld,Australia
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
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18
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Sizek H, Hamel A, Deritei D, Campbell S, Ravasz Regan E. Boolean model of growth signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis predicts the molecular mechanism of aberrant cell cycle progression driven by hyperactive PI3K. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006402. [PMID: 30875364 PMCID: PMC6436762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a role in most cellular functions linked to cancer progression, including cell growth, proliferation, cell survival, tissue invasion and angiogenesis. It is generally recognized that hyperactive PI3K/AKT1 are oncogenic due to their boost to cell survival, cell cycle entry and growth-promoting metabolism. That said, the dynamics of PI3K and AKT1 during cell cycle progression are highly nonlinear. In addition to negative feedback that curtails their activity, protein expression of PI3K subunits has been shown to oscillate in dividing cells. The low-PI3K/low-AKT1 phase of these oscillations is required for cytokinesis, indicating that oncogenic PI3K may directly contribute to genome duplication. To explore this, we construct a Boolean model of growth factor signaling that can reproduce PI3K oscillations and link them to cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The resulting modular model reproduces hyperactive PI3K-driven cytokinesis failure and genome duplication and predicts the molecular drivers responsible for these failures by linking hyperactive PI3K to mis-regulation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) expression late in G2. To do this, our model captures the role of Plk1 in cell cycle progression and accurately reproduces multiple effects of its loss: G2 arrest, mitotic catastrophe, chromosome mis-segregation / aneuploidy due to premature anaphase, and cytokinesis failure leading to genome duplication, depending on the timing of Plk1 inhibition along the cell cycle. Finally, we offer testable predictions on the molecular drivers of PI3K oscillations, the timing of these oscillations with respect to division, and the role of altered Plk1 and FoxO activity in genome-level defects caused by hyperactive PI3K. Our model is an important starting point for the predictive modeling of cell fate decisions that include AKT1-driven senescence, as well as the non-intuitive effects of drugs that interfere with mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Sizek
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hamel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Dávid Deritei
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States of America
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarah Campbell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Erzsébet Ravasz Regan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
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19
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Abstract
Whole-genome and centrosome duplication as a consequence of cytokinesis failure can drive tumorigenesis in experimental model systems. However, whether cytokinesis failure is in fact an important cause of human cancers has remained unclear. In this Review, we summarize evidence that whole-genome-doubling events are frequently observed in human cancers and discuss the contribution that cytokinesis defects can make to tumorigenesis. We provide an overview of the potential causes of cytokinesis failure and discuss how tetraploid cells that are generated through cytokinesis defects are used in cancer as a transitory state on the route to aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss how cytokinesis defects can facilitate genetic diversification within the tumour to promote cancer development and could constitute the path of least resistance in tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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20
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Yoon YN, Choe MH, Jung KY, Hwang SG, Oh JS, Kim JS. MASTL inhibition promotes mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation to inhibit cancer growth and radioresistance in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:716. [PMID: 29976159 PMCID: PMC6034325 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like) is a key mitotic kinase that regulates mitotic progression through the inactivation of tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the antitumor mechanism of MASTL targeting in cancer cells is still unclear. METHODS MASTL expression was evaluated by using breast cancer tissue microarrays and public cancer databases. The effects of MASTL depletion with siRNAs were evaluated in various breast cancer cells or normal cells. Various methods, including cell viability, cell cycle, soft agar, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, PP2A activity, live image, and sphere forming assay, were used in this study. RESULTS This study showed the oncosuppressive mechanism of MASTL targeting that promotes mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation selectively in breast cancer cells. MASTL expression was closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer. The depletion of MASTL reduced the oncogenic properties of breast cancer cells with high MASTL expression, but did not affect the viability of non-transformed normal cells with low MASTL expression. With regard to the underlying mechanism, we found that MASTL inhibition caused mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, MASTL depletion enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells with increased PP2A activity. Notably, MASTL depletion dramatically reduced the formation of radioresistant breast cancer stem cells in response to irradiation. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that MASTL inhibition promoted mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation, which led to the inhibition of cancer cell growth and a reversal of radioresistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Na Yoon
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Ho Choe
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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21
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Dufies M, Ambrosetti D, Boulakirba S, Calleja A, Savy C, Furstoss N, Zerhouni M, Parola J, Aira-Diaz L, Marchetti S, Orange F, Lacas-Gervais S, Luciano F, Jacquel A, Robert G, Pagès G, Auberger P. ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors induce caspase 3-mediated Plk1 cleavage and activation in hematopoietic cell lines. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29541386 PMCID: PMC5834281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) define a highly conserved family of Ser/Thr kinases with crucial roles in the regulation of cell division. Here we show that Plk1 is cleaved by caspase 3, but not by other caspases in different hematopoietic cell lines treated with competitive inhibitors of the ATP-binding pocket of Plk1. Intriguingly, Plk1 was not cleaved in cells treated with Rigosertib, a non-competitive inhibitor of Plk1, suggesting that binding of the inhibitor to the ATP binding pocket of Plk1 triggers a conformational change and unmasks a cryptic caspase 3 cleavage site on the protein. Cleavage occurs after Asp-404 in a DYSD/K sequence and separates the kinase domain from the two PBDs of Plk1. All Plk1 inhibitors triggered G2/M arrest, activation of caspases 2 and 3, polyploidy, multiple nuclei and mitotic catastrophe, albeit at higher concentrations in the case of Rigosertib. Upon BI-2536 treatment, Plk1 cleavage occurred only in the cytosolic fraction and cleaved Plk1 accumulated in this subcellular compartment. Importantly, the cleaved N-Terminal fragment of Plk1 exhibited a higher enzymatic activity than its non-cleaved counterpart and accumulated into the cytoplasm conversely to the full length and the C-Terminal Plk1 fragments that were found essentially into the nucleus. Finally, the DYSD/K cleavage site was highly conserved during evolution from c. elegans to human. In conclusion, we described herein for the first time a specific cleavage of Plk1 by caspase 3 following treatment of cancer cells with ATP-competitive inhibitors of Plk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Dufies
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Department of Pathology, Nice, France
| | - Sonia Boulakirba
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Anne Calleja
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Coline Savy
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julien Parola
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederic Luciano
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
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22
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Forsberg J, Zhivotovsky B, Olsson M. Caspase-2: an orphan enzyme out of the shadows. Oncogene 2017; 36:5441-5444. [PMID: 28581521 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 has been embodied as an initiator or executioner protease in diverse apoptotic scenarios. However, accumulating evidence is challenging this view, pertaining to its true role. The enzyme's catalytic activity is currently implicated in various functions required for correct cell proliferation, such as counteracting genomic instability, as well as suppressing tumorigenesis. Here, apart from summarizing the latest observations in caspase-2-related research, we make an attempt to reconcile these findings and discuss their implications for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Forsberg
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Olsson
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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