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Zhai Y, Fang J, Zheng W, Hao M, Chen J, Liu X, Zhang M, Qi L, Zhou D, Liu W, Jin Y, Wang A. A potential virulence factor: Brucella flagellin FliK does not affect the main biological properties but inhibits the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112119. [PMID: 38648715 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial flagellum is an elongated filament that protrudes from the cell and is responsible for bacterial motility. It can also be a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that regulates the host immune response and is involved in bacterial pathogenicity. In contrast to motile bacteria, the Brucella flagellum does not serve a motile purpose. Instead, it plays a role in regulating Brucella virulence and the host's immune response, similar to other non-motile bacteria. The flagellin protein, FliK, plays a key role in assembly of the flagellum and also as a potential virulence factor involved in the regulation of bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. In this study, we generated a Brucella suis S2 flik gene deletion strain and its complemented strain and found that deletion of the flik gene has no significant effect on the main biological properties of Brucella, but significantly enhanced the inflammatory response induced by Brucella infection of RAW264.7 macrophages. Further experiments demonstrated that the FliK protein was able to inhibit LPS-induced cellular inflammatory responses by down-regulating the expression of MyD88 and NF-κB, and by decreasing p65 phosphorylation in the NF-κB pathway; it also inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In conclusion, our study suggests that Brucella FliK may act as a virulence factor involved in the regulation of Brucella pathogenicity and modulation of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiaoyang Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingyue Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jialu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - XiaoFang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - MengYu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Yazdani Z, Rafiei A, Ghoreyshi M, Abediankenari S. In Silico Analysis of a Candidate Multi-epitope Peptide Vaccine Against Human Brucellosis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:769-783. [PMID: 36940016 PMCID: PMC10026239 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the neglected endemic zoonoses in the world. Vaccination appears to be a promising health strategy to prevent it. This study used advanced computational techniques to develop a potent multi-epitope vaccine for human brucellosis. Seven epitopes from four main brucella species that infect humans were selected. They had significant potential to induce cellular and humoral responses. They showed high antigenic ability without the allergenic characteristic. In order to improve its immunogenicity, suitable adjuvants were also added to the structure of the vaccine. The physicochemical and immunological properties of the vaccine were evaluated. Then its two and three-dimensional structure was predicted. The vaccine was docked with toll-like receptor4 to assess its ability to stimulate innate immune responses. For successful expression of the vaccine protein in Escherichia coli, in silico cloning, codon optimization, and mRNA stability were evaluated. The immune simulation was performed to reveal the immune response profile of the vaccine after injection. The designed vaccine showed the high ability to induce immune response, especially cellular responses to human brucellosis. It showed the appropriate physicochemical properties, a high-quality structure, and a high potential for expression in a prokaryotic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yazdani
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mehrafarin Ghoreyshi
- Students Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Hou S, Kong F, Li X, Xu Y, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhang L, Li T, Fu Y, Li C, Wang W. Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic brucellosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347883. [PMID: 38352057 PMCID: PMC10861671 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human brucellosis, a Brucella infection caused most common zoonosis in the world, remains a serious public health burden in China. Brucella chronic infection always causes immunosuppressive status and results in severe organ or tissue damages. The aim of this work was to study the role of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in human chronic brucellosis. Methods Fifty cases of chronic brucellosis and 40 healthy individual controls were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the frequency and subsets of MDSCs in PBMC between the chronic brucellosis and healthy control groups by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we also measured the inflammatory-related cytokines in serum samples and the MDSCs inhibition ability to the proliferation of T cells in vitro. Results We found that the frequency of MDSCs in peripheral blood and the level of IL-6 and IL-10 Th2 cytokines and Arginase-1 were significantly increased in chronic brucellosis patients. In addition, we also found that the T cell function was suppressed in vitro by co-culturing with MDSCs from brucellosis patients. Conclusion Our study described an increase of immunosuppressive MDSCs in peripheral blood of chronic brucellosis patients. These results contribute to the understanding of Brucella persistent infection, which may provide an insight for effective treatment of chronic brucellosis patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Hou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fandong Kong
- Department of Medical Administration, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Blood Components, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Administration Office, Baoan Central Blood Station, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Clinical Transfusion Institute, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Smith TC. Long COVID: Alice Evans, Brucellosis, and Reflections on Infectious Causes of Chronic Disease. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1644-1647. [PMID: 37462272 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite more than a century of research on the link between infection and chronic diseases, we again find ourselves flummoxed by a new pathogen that causes long-term impairment. Patients have reported being ignored or minimized, resources are lacking for diagnosis and treatment, and frustrated individuals are turning outside of the scientific profession for answers. The experience mirrors that of American Society for Microbiology past president Alice C. Evans. Accidentally infected with Brucella melitensis during her laboratory research, Evans was chronically ill for more than 20 years, during which time friends, colleagues, and physicians cast doubt on her illness. As a result, she argued passionately for improved diagnostics and for those who reported chronic infection to be taken seriously rather than presumed to be "malingering" or using their illness for financial benefit. Lessons from Evans' experience are useful as we work toward understanding long COVID and patients suffering from the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Smith
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Nguyen TT, Huy TXN, Aguilar CNT, Reyes AWB, Salad SA, Min WG, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim S. Intracellular Growth Inhibition and Host Immune Modulation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Murine Brucellosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17352. [PMID: 38139181 PMCID: PMC10743636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalase, an antioxidant enzyme widely produced in mammalian cells and bacteria, is crucial to mitigating oxidative stress in hostile environments. This function enhances the intracellular survivability of various intracellular growth pathogens, including Brucella (B.) abortus. In this study, to determine whether the suppression of catalase can inhibit the intracellular growth of B. abortus, we employed 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), a catalase inhibitor, in both RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and an ICR mouse model during Brucella infection. The intracellular growth assay indicated that 3-AT exerts growth-inhibitory effects on B. abortus within macrophages. Moreover, it contributes to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the formation of nitric oxide. Notably, 3-AT diminishes the activation of the nucleus transcription factor (NF-κB) and modulates the cytokine secretion within infected cells. In our mouse model, the administration of 3-AT reduced the B. abortus proliferation within the spleens and livers of infected mice. This reduction was accompanied by a diminished immune response to infection, as indicated by the lowered levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 and altered CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio. These results suggest the protective and immunomodulatory effects of 3-AT treatment against Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam
| | - Ched Nicole Turbela Aguilar
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Philippines;
| | - Said Abdi Salad
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Won-Gi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hu-Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (T.X.N.H.); (C.N.T.A.); (S.A.S.); (W.-G.M.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-J.K.)
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Liu X, Bao X, Gao L, Li G, Chen Z, Zhai J. Comparative application of droplet-based digital and quantitative real-time PCR for human brucellosis detection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116087. [PMID: 37801887 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the diagnostic value of droplet-based digital PCR (dd-PCR) by comparing it with the quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) for detecting Brucella DNA, 487 whole blood and serum samples collected from suspected human brucellosis, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 88.14% and 100% for RT-qPCR; 97.12% and 100% for dd-PCR. The positive rate detected by RT-qPCR and dd-PCR based on the nucleic acid extracted by simultaneous extraction method in serum and blood cells were 56.49% and 62.22%, respectively, which is higher than the commercial kit in 47.74% and 52.77%. Additionally, 32 false-negative samples of chronic patients analyzed by serological tests were positive in the detection from the blood cell nucleic acid. dd-PCR could be considered a valuable tool for detecting Brucella DNA, particularly in false-negative test results. The simultaneous extraction method is complementary to dd-PCR in diagnosing human brucellosis cases at different disease stages, especially in chronic and relapsed stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaoya Bao
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Lanzhu Gao
- Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China.
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Gao S, Peng R, Zeng Z, Zhai J, Yang M, Liu X, Sharav T, Chen Z. Risk transboundary transmission areas and driving factors of brucellosis along the borders between China and Mongolia. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 56:102648. [PMID: 37813322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brucellosis is a common and neglected zoonotic infectious disease worldwide caused by Brucella. However, transboundary transmissions among countries, particularly those with high incidences, are seldom investigated. In the present study, by taking China and Mongolia as examples, we aim to identify transboundary transmission risk and driving factors of brucellosis along borders. METHODS 167 brucellosis outbreak locations along the border between China and Mongolia were collected. Wildlife distribution and cross-border activities were mapped. Maximum entropy approach modeling was conducted to predict the potential risk of prevalence of brucellosis with meteorological factors, geographical environment, economic development, living habits et al. The accuracy of the models was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), Kappa test, and correctly classified instances (CCI). RESULTS The spatial model performed excellent predictive performance with the predictor variables of soils, pastures, goat density, mean precipitation of the wettest month, temperature seasonality, and population density, which with the contribution and permutation important in 27.2 %, 31.9; 23.3 %, 6.8; 18.0 %, 17.2; 11.2 %, 18.1; 10. 3 %, 15.2; 10.0 %, 10.8. The calculated AUC, SD, Kappa, and CCI are 0.870, 0.001, 0.882, and 0.883, respectively. The distribution map of brucellosis showed high-risk areas along the borders. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified high-risk areas and the driving effect of brucellosis along the borders between China and Mongolia. Moreover, there is the possibility of cross-border wildlife activities in high-risk areas, which increases the risk of cross-border brucellosis transmission. The funding provides clues for cooperative prevention and control of brucellosis by reducing transboundary transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510275, PR China
| | - Ruihao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510275, PR China
| | - Zan Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510275, PR China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510275, PR China
| | - Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Khan-Uul District, Zaisan, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, PR China.
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Wu L, Zhang G, Dang S, Zhang S, Zhao L, Zhai J. Application of immunomodulatory therapy in a human brucellosis patient with pancytopenia: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18907. [PMID: 37588608 PMCID: PMC10425886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infectious disease with diverse and non-specific clinical manifestations caused by Brucella. Although Brucella can cause damage to multiple systems in the human body, hematological complications are relatively rare. We present a case of a 47-year-old male brucellosis patient with pancytopenia. In May 2018, the patient was diagnosed with brucellosis and recovered after receiving antibiotic treatment (rifampicin 600 mg/day and doxycycline 200 mg/day) for six weeks. However, after three years, the patient experienced a recurring high fever. Brucellosis relapse was confirmed based on the patient's clinical history, Rose Bengal plate agglutination test and standard tube agglutination test results. Routine blood examination revealed a decrease in the whole blood cell count, suggesting bone marrow suppression. Bone marrow aspiration and bacterial culture confirmed the diagnosis of brucellosis with pancytopenia. Antibiotic treatment failed to effectively improve the patient's condition. Therefore, a combination of immunomodulatory and antibiotic treatments was used. The antibiotic regimen included oral rifampicin 600 mg/day, intravenous doxycycline hydrochloride 200 mg/day, and subcutaneous injection of human granulocyte-stimulating factor (0.2 mg/day). Immunomodulatory therapy consisted of 20,000 mg/day intravenous human immunoglobulin (pH 4) for five days and 800 mg/day oral pidotimod liquid for 20 days. As the treatment progressed, the count gradually recovered to normal levels, and the symptoms of bone marrow suppression were alleviated. PCR testing revealed the absence of Brucella DNA in both monocyte and serum samples. Furthermore, negative standard tube agglutination test results were obtained. These findings indicate that the immunomodulatory therapy resulted in a complete clearance of Brucella. Therefore, immunomodulatory therapy could be an effective option in cases of brucellosis with pancytopenia that are unresponsive to conventional antibiotic treatment. Further research and clinical evidence are required to confirm and optimize the use of immunomodulatory therapies in patients with brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankui Wu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Laboratory of Hulunbuir City People's Hospital, Hulunbuir City, 021008, China
| | - Sheng Dang
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Keerqin District First People's Hospital, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Leheng Zhao
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China
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Yang X, Jiao C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y. Coexistence of cryoglobulinemia and ANCA-associated vasculitis in a chronic brucellosis patient -a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:272. [PMID: 37131122 PMCID: PMC10152744 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal involvement of brucellosis is not common. Here we reported a rare case of chronic brucellosis accompanied by nephritic syndrome, acute kidney injury, the coexistence of cryoglobulinemia and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) superimposed on iliac aortic stent implantation. The diagnosis and treatment of the case are instructive. CASE PRESENTATION A 49-year-old man with hypertension and iliac aortic stent implantation was admitted for unexplained renal failure with signs of nephritic syndrome, congestive heart failure, moderate anemia and livedoid change in the left sole with pain. His past history included chronic brucellosis and he just underwent the recurrence and completed the 6 weeks of antibiotics treatment. He demonstrated positive cytoplasmic/proteinase 3 ANCA, mixed type cryoglobulinemia and decreased C3. The kidney biopsy revealed endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with a small amount of crescent formation. Immunofluorescence staining revealed only C3-positive staining. In accordance with clinical and laboratory findings, post-infective acute glomerulonephritis superimposed with AAV was diagnosed. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and antibiotics and sustained alleviation of renal function and brucellosis was achieved during the course of a 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Here we describe the diagnostic and treatment challenge in a patient with chronic brucellosis related glomerulonephritis accompanied by the coexistence of AAV and cryoglobulinemia. Renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis overlapping with ANCA related crescentic glomerulonephritis, which was not ever reported in the literature. The patient showed a good response to steroid treatment which indicated the immunity-induced kidney injury. Meanwhile, it is essential to recognize and actively treat the coexisting brucellosis even when there are no clinical signs of the active stage of infection. This is the critical point for a salutary patient outcome for brucellosis associated renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Congcong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Juhas M. Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases. BRIEF LESSONS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2023:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29544-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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11
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Cellular Prion Protein Expression in the Brain Tissue from Brucella ceti-Infected Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101304. [PMID: 35625150 PMCID: PMC9137499 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brucella ceti, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen, is known to exhibit a strong neurotropism and neuropathogenicity for striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), often leading to their stranding and death. Given the lack of information on B. ceti infection’s neuropathogenesis, we investigated, for the first time, cellular prion protein (PrPc) expression in the brain tissue from B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins. Our study was inspired by previous work, reporting PrPc as the host cell receptor for B. abortus on the surface of murine macrophages. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) analyses were carried out on brain tissues from 12 striped dolphins found stranded along the coasts of Italy (11 specimens) and the Canary Islands (one individual), five of which served as negative controls. While PrPc IHC yielded inconclusive results, WB analyses showed a clear-cut PrPc expression, albeit of different intensity, in the brain tissue of all the herein investigated, B. ceti-infected and neurobrucellosis-affected individuals. In this respect, the aforementioned PrPc expression patterns could be influenced by a number of intrinsic host-related factors, as well as by several extrinsic factors including simultaneously occurring neuropathies and/or coinfections by other neurotropic pathogens. Additionally, an upregulation of PrPc mRNA in the brain tissue of striped dolphins could be also hypothesized during the different stages of B. ceti infection, in a similar fashion to what is already shown in murine bone marrow cells challenged with Escherichia coli. In conclusion, much more work is needed in order to properly assess the role of PrPc, if any, as a host cell receptor for B. ceti in striped dolphins. Abstract Brucella ceti, a zoonotic pathogen of major concern to cetacean health and conservation, is responsible for severe meningo-encephalitic/myelitic lesions in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), often leading to their stranding and death. This study investigated, for the first time, the cellular prion protein (PrPc) expression in the brain tissue from B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins. Seven B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins, found stranded along the Italian coastline (6) and in the Canary Islands (1), were investigated, along with five B. ceti-uninfected striped dolphins from the coast of Italy, carrying no brain lesions, which served as negative controls. Western Blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with an anti-PrP murine monoclonal antibody were carried out on the brain parenchyma of these dolphins. While PrPc IHC yielded inconclusive results, a clear-cut PrPc expression of different intensity was found by means of WB analyses in the brain tissue of all the seven herein investigated, B. ceti-infected and neurobrucellosis-affected cetacean specimens, with two dolphins stranded along the Italian coastline and one dolphin beached in Canary Islands also exhibiting a statistically significant increase in cerebral PrPc expression as compared to the five Brucella spp.-negative control specimens. The significantly increased PrPc expression found in three out of seven B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins does not allow us to draw any firm conclusion(s) about the putative role of PrPc as a host cell receptor for B. ceti. Should this be the case, an upregulation of PrPc mRNA in the brain tissue of neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins could be hypothesized during the different stages of B. ceti infection, as previously shown in murine bone marrow cells challenged with Escherichia coli. Noteworthy, the inflammatory infiltrates seen in the brain and in the cervico-thoracic spinal cord segments from the herein investigated, B. ceti-infected and neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins were densely populated by macrophage/histiocyte cells, often harboring Brucella spp. antigen in their cytoplasm, similarly to what was reported in macrophages from mice experimentally challenged with B. abortus. Notwithstanding the above, much more work is needed in order to properly assess the role of PrPc, if any, as a host cell receptor for B. ceti in striped dolphins.
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12
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Molecular detection of Brucella abortus in wild and captive felids. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102351. [PMID: 35447100 PMCID: PMC9387471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance. In wild animals, Brucella abortus is one of the most diagnosed species, mainly in enzootic environments where domestic animals share the same environment. B. abortus is common in environments shared by cattle, wild, and domestic animals. This study aimed to detect the presence of B. abortus DNA in free-ranging and captivity felids at Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Method Polymerase chain reaction, based on the genetic element IS711, was performed in blood samples collected from 23 free-ranging and captive felids. The species represented include Leopardus colocolo, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii, Panthera onca, Puma concolor, and Puma yagouaroundi. Results DNA amplification of B. abortus was observed in only one captive P. concolor (4.34%). Conclusion The detection of this pathogen in captive animals using molecular tools demonstrates the importance of monitoring, as it raises concerns about the possibility of transmission between humans and wild and domestic animals, especially in regions of vast biodiversity, such as in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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13
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Arapović J, Kompes G, Dedić K, Teskeredžić S, Ostojić M, Travar M, Tihić N, Delić J, Skočibušić S, Zekiri-Sivro M, Verhaz A, Piljić D, Laura L, Duvnjak S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Arapović M, Šabotić E, Reil I, Nikolić J, Ahmetagić S, Cvetnić Ž, Habrun B, Bosilkovski M, Špičić S. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of human Brucella melitensis isolates in three different microdilution broths: First multicentre study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:99-104. [PMID: 35182775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a ubiquitous emergent bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant human morbidity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. So far, a high rate of resistant Brucella has been found worldwide. This study prospectively analysed the rates of resistance among human Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) strains isolated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS This study included 108 B. melitensis isolates from 209 patients diagnosed at five medical centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The resistance profiles of the B. melitensis isolates for the 13 most commonly used antimicrobials were studied in standard Brucella broth (BB) and cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) supplemented with 4% lysed horse blood or 5% defibrinated sheep blood. RESULTS Of the 209 patients, B. melitensis blood cultures were positive for 111 (53.1%). Among the 108 isolates investigated, 91 (84.3%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on BB, but not on either CAMHB. Nearly all isolates (>90%) were resistant to azithromycin on BB and both CAMHBs. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high rate of B. melitensis resistance to azithromycin. The high rate of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole that we observed was related to BB, so an alternative broth should be used, such as the enriched CAMHBs in this study, for evaluating resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Whole-genome sequencing studies are needed to understand the development of antimicrobial resistance in B. melitensis strains isolated from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Arapović
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Kanita Dedić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Maja Ostojić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Travar
- University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nijaz Tihić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasminka Delić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Siniša Skočibušić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Antonija Verhaz
- University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dilista Piljić
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Luka Laura
- Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Maja Arapović
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enisa Šabotić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Nikolić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sead Ahmetagić
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Mile Bosilkovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Libera K, Konieczny K, Grabska J, Szopka W, Augustyniak A, Pomorska-Mól M. Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:63-81. [PMID: 35076534 PMCID: PMC8788295 DOI: 10.3390/idr14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the most significant livestock-associated zoonoses. Human and animal health are intimately connected. This idea has been known for more than a century but now it has gained special importance because of the increasing threat from zoonoses. Zoonosis is defined as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, they become a real threat to public health. In addition, many of the newly discovered diseases have a zoonotic origin. Due to globalization and urbanization, some of these diseases have already spread all over the world, caused by the international flow of goods, people, and animals. However, special attention should be paid to farm animals since, apart from the direct contact, humans consume their products, such as meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, zoonoses such as salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, swine and avian influenza, Q fever, brucellosis, STEC infections, and listeriosis are crucial for both veterinary and human medicine. Consequently, in the suspicion of any zoonoses outbreak, the medical and veterinary services should closely cooperate to protect the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Libera
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Kacper Konieczny
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Julia Grabska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (J.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Wiktoria Szopka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (J.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Agata Augustyniak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (A.A.)
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15
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Wang Q, Tang L, Qin Y, Wang Q, Zhang P, Cheng Z. Case Report: A Pseudoaneurysm Involving the Left Common Iliac Artery Secondary to Brucellosis: A Rare Case Report. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:811229. [PMID: 34966731 PMCID: PMC8710768 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoaneurysms of the common iliac artery caused by Brucellosis are exceedingly uncommon. Infected common iliac artery pseudoaneurysms, particularly those caused by brucellosis, are more difficult to diagnose and cure than general pseudoaneurysms. The risk of mortality is significantly high in this condition. Nonsurgical treatment of a brucellosis-induced common iliac artery pseudoaneurysm is futile, and it should be operated on as soon as feasible. Long-term and multi-course antibacterial therapy with combination antibiotics is required. For the treatment of Brucella-infected pseudoaneurysms, endovascular surgery can be both effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Neurology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, Songyuan, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Tang Y, Ma C, Sun H, Yang S, Yu F, Li X, Wang L. Serum Levels of Seven General Cytokines in Acute Brucellosis Before and After Treatment. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5501-5510. [PMID: 34955644 PMCID: PMC8694408 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s341331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis globally that poses a severe health threat. Despite the availability of antibiotic therapy for human brucellosis, its tendencies of chronicity and persistence may lead to severe debilitating and disabling conditions in patients. Comprehensive understanding of the immune response in brucellosis will be helpful in improving the treatment strategies. In this study, we measured serum levels of T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cytokines in patients with acute brucellosis before and after treatment. Patients and Methods Overall, 30 patients with acute brucellosis from the Beijing Di Tan Hospital and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All the patients received a 6-week therapy regimen comprising ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and rifampicin. Serum samples were collected from patients with acute Brucella infection and healthy controls before and after treatment. Serum seven cytokine levels of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) were measured using cytometric bead array. Results In patients with acute infection, the IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels were significantly increased compared with those in healthy controls (P < 0.001). After treatment, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the TNF-α level significantly increased compared with the corresponding baseline levels and those in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were higher in patients after treatment than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). IL-2 and IL-6 levels exhibited a positive correlation with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level in acute brucellosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion Levels of most serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines were simultaneously increased in acute infection, followed by reduction in the corresponding cytokine levels and residual cytokine response during treatment. This residual immune response could represent a therapeutic opportunity that may improve the long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute brucellosis after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Tang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Ma
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengting Yu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghang Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhao B, Gong QL, Feng HF, Wang Q, Shi JF, Song YH, Liu F, Shi K, Zong Y, Du R, Li JM. Brucellosis prevalence in yaks in China in 1980-2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105532. [PMID: 34844124 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, the yak is an animal of particular economic interest, which provides protein and income for herders in daily life. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals, including yaks. It can damage the yak reproductive system, causing miscarriage and orchitis. At the same time, brucellosis threatens the health of herders. We performed this meta-analysis using R software to explore the combined prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in yak in China. Variability was assessed by the I2 statistic and Cochran Q statistic. We identified 52 publications of related research from four databases (Wanfang Data, VIP Chinese Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and of PubMed). The pooled prevalence of yak brucellosis was 8.39 %. Prevalence was highest in Southwestern China (11.1 %). The point estimate of brucellosis in yak from 2012 to 2016 was the highest (11.47 %). The point estimate of age ≤ 12 months (1.44 %) was lower than that of age > 12 months (15.6 %). This study shows that yak brucellosis is serious, and its incidence is higher than before 2012. We recommend carrying out large-scale yak brucellosis investigations in Western China and conducting comprehensive testing planning. The detection of brucellosis in adult animals should be strengthened to reduce the economic loss caused by brucellosis to herders and to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China; College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Feng
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Yu-Hao Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
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18
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Li X, Wu Q, Zhang X, Li C, Zhang D, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Shi Z, Wang W, Li F. Whole-Genome Resequencing to Study Brucellosis Susceptibility in Sheep. Front Genet 2021; 12:653927. [PMID: 34306007 PMCID: PMC8297390 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.653927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease and a major public health problem. However, the genetic mechanism of brucellosis in sheep remains unclear. In this study, serum samples were collected from 6,358 sheep from the F2 population (Dorper sheep ♂ × Hu sheep ♀), and antibody levels were continuously measured at 14 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 months after administration of brucellosis vaccine. Finally, 19 brucellosis-resistant group (BRG) sheep and 22 brucellosis-susceptible group sheep (BSG) were screened for whole-genome sequencing. Using the fixation index, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square test, a total of 205 candidate SNP sites were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis suggested that 138 candidate genes were significantly enriched in adherens junction (CTNNA3, PARD3, and PTPRM), cell adhesion molecules (NLGN1, CNTNAP2, NCAM1, and PTPRM), salivary secretion (LOC101102109, PRKG1, and ADCY2), and hippo signaling pathway (CTNNA3, YAP1, and PARD3). These findings provide valuable molecular markers for brucellosis resistance breeding in sheep and novel insights into the genetic mechanism of brucellosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaoguo Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Khurana SK, Sehrawat A, Tiwari R, Prasad M, Gulati B, Shabbir MZ, Chhabra R, Karthik K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Gupta VK, Dhama K, Sah R, Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:61-88. [PMID: 33353489 PMCID: PMC7833053 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Sehrawat
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Gulati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar, India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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González-Espinoza G, Arce-Gorvel V, Mémet S, Gorvel JP. Brucella: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020186. [PMID: 33572264 PMCID: PMC7915599 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that causes abortion, reproduction failure in livestock and leads to a debilitating flu-like illness with serious chronic complications if untreated in humans. As a successful intracellular pathogen, Brucella has developed strategies to avoid recognition by the immune system of the host and promote its survival and replication. In vivo, Brucellae reside mostly within phagocytes and other cells including trophoblasts, where they establish a preferred replicative niche inside the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is central as it gives Brucella the ability to maintain replicating-surviving cycles for long periods of time, even at low bacterial numbers, in its cellular niches. In this review, we propose that Brucella takes advantage of the environment provided by the cellular niches in which it resides to generate reservoirs and disseminate to other organs. We will discuss how the favored cellular niches for Brucella infection in the host give rise to anatomical reservoirs that may lead to chronic infections or persistence in asymptomatic subjects, and which may be considered as a threat for further contamination. A special emphasis will be put on bone marrow, lymph nodes, reproductive and for the first time adipose tissues, as well as wildlife reservoirs.
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21
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Harzandi N, Aghababa H, Khoramabadi N, Tabaraie T. Efficient Immunization of BALB/c Mice against Pathogenic Brucella melitensis and B. ovis: Comparing Cell-Mediated and Protective Immune Responses Elicited by pCDNA3.1 and pVAX1 DNA Vaccines Coding for Omp31 of Brucella melitensis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2618. [PMID: 34179193 PMCID: PMC8217529 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Brucella spp. are intracellular pathogens, therefore cell-mediated immunity is the main response to inhibit survival and growth of the bacteria in vertebrate host. Objective Many eukaryotic plasmid vectors are being used in setting up DNA vaccines which may show different efficiencies in same conditions. This is important in designing the vaccines and immunization strategies. We looked into the probable differences of immune responses induced by different eukaryotic DNA plasmid vectors (pcDNA3.1 and pVAX1) harboring the same Omp31 gene of B. melitensis. Materials and Methods Female BALB/c mice were immunized with pcDNA -omp31 and pVAX-omp31 and further boosted with recombinant Omp31. Subclasses of specific serum IgG against the rOmp31 were measured by ELISA. Cytokines responses to rOmp31 in Splenocyte cultures of the immunized mice were evaluated by measuring the production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ. Protective responses of the immunized mice were evaluated by intraperitoneal challenge with pathogenic Brucella melitensis 16M and Brucella ovis PA76250. Results Both DNA vaccine candidates conferred potent Th1-type responses with higher levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins observed in mice immunized with pVAX-omp31. Although pcDNA-omp31 and pVAX-omp31 both elicited protective immunity, mice immunized with the latter showed a higher protection against both B. melitensis and B. ovis PA76250. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the significant differences between efficiency of diverse plasmid backbones in DNA vaccines which code for an identical antigen. Comparing various plasmid vectors should be considered as an essential part of the studies aiming construction of DNA vaccines for intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Harzandi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Aghababa
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nima Khoramabadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Termeh Tabaraie
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Deng X, Guo J, Sun Z, Liu L, Zhao T, Li J, Tang G, Zhang H, Wang W, Cao S, Zhu D, Tao T, Cao G, Baryshnikov PI, Chen C, Zhao Z, Chen L, Zhang H. Brucella-Induced Downregulation of lncRNA Gm28309 Triggers Macrophages Inflammatory Response Through the miR-3068-5p/NF-κB Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581517. [PMID: 33414782 PMCID: PMC7784117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The underlying mechanism of the inflammatory response against Brucellosis caused by Brucella remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating of inflammatory and anti-Brucella responses. Materials and methods Microarray analysis was performed to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs in THP-1 cells infected with an S2308 Brucella strain. The candidate lncRNAs were screened using bioinformatic analysis and siRNAs; bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay were also conducted, while inflammatory responses was assessed using RT‐qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, HE, and immunohistochemistry. Results The lncRNA Gm28309 was identified to be involved in regulating inflammation induced by Brucella. Gm28309, localized in the cytoplasm, was down-expressed in RAW264.7 cells infected with S2308. Overexpression of Gm28309 or inhibition of miR-3068-5p repressed p65 phosphorylation and reduced NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Mechanistically, Gm28309 acted as a ceRNA of miR-3068-5p to activate NF-κB pathway by targeting κB-Ras2, an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. Moreover, the number of intracellular Brucella was higher when Gm28309 was overexpressed or when miR-3068-5p or p65 was inhibited. However, these effects were reversed by the miR-3068-5p mimic. Conclusions Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that LncRNAs are involved in regulating immune responses during Brucella infection, and Gm28309, an lncRNA, plays a crucial role in activating NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Deng
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Laizhen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jia Li
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guochao Tang
- Technology Center, Xinjiang Tianrun Dairy Biological Products Co., Ltd, Urumqi, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhu Cao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dexin Zhu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - P I Baryshnikov
- College of Veterinary, Altai National Agricultural University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zongsheng Zhao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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23
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Hiz P, Kanbur E, Demir N, Akalin H, Cagan E, Pashazadeh M, Bal SH, Tezcan G, Oral HB, Budak F. Roles of novel IL-1 family (IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) members in chronic brucellosis. Cytokine 2020; 135:155211. [PMID: 32736334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines is one of the most potent and earliest pro-inflammatory responses triggered by brucellosis. However, the roles of the most recently discovered IL-1 family members, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38, in the transition into the chronic form of brucellos is remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in brucella infections and their effects on the transition from the acute to chronic form of the disease were investigated. Using peripheral blood samples from 40 patients with acute brucellosis, 40 patients with chronic brucellosis, and 40 healthy control subjects, we analysed the serum concentrations of secreted IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 using ELISA. The findings were confirmed by using RT-qPCR to analyse the mRNA levels of the genes encoding IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 randomly selected patients from each of the three groups. Our results showed that serum IL-37 (p < 0.001) and IL-38 (p < 0.001) concentrations were lower in patients with brucellosis than in the healthy controls. In addition, serum IL-37 and IL-38 concentrations were higher in the chronic patient group than in the acute patient group. The mRNA expression levels of IL-37 and IL1F10, genes that encode IL-38, did not affect serum cytokine secretion levels. This result suggests that the high secretion levels of IL-37 and IL-38 may be related to the progression into the chronic form of brucellosis. Our findings will aid in clarifying the mechanism of the transition of brucellosis from the acute to the chronic form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Hiz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ertan Kanbur
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Demir
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Halis Akalin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Eren Cagan
- Clinics of Child Infection, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehrdat Pashazadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Salih Haldun Bal
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gulcin Tezcan
- Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Haluk Barbaros Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ferah Budak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
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24
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Mori M, Laffineur K, Gudrun A. Accuracy in identification of Brucella melitensis by the Vitek2 system: a report of two cases of misidentification. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 52:437-439. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1729999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Mori
- Sciensano, National Reference Centre Brucella spp., Zoonoses of animals unit, Brussels, Belgium
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