Application of Co-doped copper oxide nanoparticles against different multidrug resistance bacteria

A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have become a focal point of research due to their widespread daily use and diverse synthesis methods, including physical, chemical, and environmentally sustainable approaches. These nanoparticles possess unique attributes such as size, shape, and surface functionality, making them particularly intriguing for applications in the biomedical field. The continuous exploration of TiO2 NPs is driven by the quest to enhance their multifunctionality, aiming to create next-generation products with superior performance. Recent research efforts have specifically focused on understanding the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs and evaluating their potential in various domains, including photocatalytic processes, antibacterial properties, antioxidant effects, and nanohybrid applications. The hypothesis guiding this research is that by exploring different synthesis methods, particularly chemical and environmentally friendly approaches, and incorporating doping and co-doping techniques, the properties of TiO2 NPs can be significantly improved for diverse applications. The study employs a comprehensive approach, investigating the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, dose, and exposure time on performance. The synthesis methods considered encompass both conventional chemical processes and environmentally friendly alternatives, with a focus on how doping and co-doping can enhance the properties of TiO2 NPs. The research unveils valuable insights into the distinct phases of TiO2 NPs and their potential across various applications. It sheds light on the improved properties achieved through doping and co-doping, showcasing advancements in photocatalytic processes, antibacterial efficacy, antioxidant capabilities, and nanohybrid applications. The study concludes by emphasizing regulatory aspects and offering suggestions for product enhancement. It provides recommendations for the reliable application of TiO2 NPs, addressing a comprehensive spectrum of critical aspects in TiO2 NP research and application. Overall, this research contributes to the evolving landscape of TiO2 NP utilization, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative and high-performance products.

Removal of organic dyes and free radical assay by encapsulating polyvinylpyrrolidone and Tinospora Cordifolia in dual (Co-Cu) doped TiO2 nanoparticles

Aquatic pollution refers to any water that has been used and discarded in different water bodies by industrial and commercial activities which contains a wide range of toxic substances and required treatment so that water can be safely reused for various purposes. In present paper, polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and plant Tinospora Cordifolia (T. Cordifolia) encapsulated dual doped cobalt-copper titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Co-Cu TNPs) has been synthesized via microwave-assisted method for the degradation aquatic pollutant dyes: Methyl Orange (MO) & Methylene Blue (MB). Using the encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs, free radical assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH; Hydrogen peroxide: HP & Nitric oxide: NO) were also performed. Several physicochemical properties of encapsulated TNPs were examined using a variety of characterization techniques that helps in photocatalytic and antioxidant activity. The encapsulated TNPs exhibit tetragonal crystal lattice having average particles size between 25 and 38 nm with spherical shape morphology. The bandgap of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs was found in the range of 3.25-3.29 eV. The binding of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs were also calculated by using XPS which confirms the presence of dopants. The photocatalytic activity was performed with using control experiment and using encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs against MO and MB dyes. The results revealed that the degradation was observed up to 100% for the both MO and MB dyes. Also, antioxidant activity of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs was observed against the DPPH, HO and NO assays.

Nanotechnology Interventions in the Management of COVID-19: Prevention, Diagnosis and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines

SARS-CoV-2 claimed numerous lives and put nations on high alert. The lack of antiviral medications and the small number of approved vaccines, as well as the recurrence of adverse effects, necessitates the development of novel treatment ways to combat COVID-19. In this context, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, we gathered information about nanotechnology's involvement in the prevention, diagnosis and virus-like particle vaccine development. This review revealed that various nanomaterials like gold, polymeric, graphene and poly amino ester with carboxyl group coated magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for the fast detection of SARS-CoV-2. Personal protective equipment fabricated with nanoparticles, such as gloves, masks, clothes, surfactants, and Ag, TiO2 based disinfectants played an essential role in halting COVID-19 transmission. Nanoparticles are used not only in vaccine delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles mediated transport of mRNA-based Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, but also in the development of vaccine as the virus-like particles elicit an immune response. There are now 18 virus-like particle vaccines in pre-clinical development, with one of them, developed by Novavax, reported being in phase 3 trials. Due to the probability of upcoming COVID-19 waves, and the rise of new diseases, the future relevance of virus-like particles is imperative. Furthermore, psychosocial variables linked to vaccine reluctance constitute a critical problem that must be addressed immediately to avert pandemic.