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Davidson CA, Willner CJ, van Noordt SJR, Banz BC, Wu J, Kenney JG, Johannesen JK, Crowley MJ. One-Month Stability of Cyberball Post-Exclusion Ostracism Distress in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019; 41:400-408. [PMID: 32042218 PMCID: PMC7010318 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined one-month reliability, internal consistency, and validity of ostracism distress (Need Threat Scale) to simulated social exclusion during Cyberball. Thirty adolescents (13-18 yrs.) completed the Cyberball task, ostracism distress ratings, and measures of related clinical symptoms, repeated over one month. Need Threat Scale ratings of ostracism distress showed adequate test-retest reliability and internal consistency at both occasions. Construct validity was demonstrated via relationships with closely related constructs of anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and emotion dysregulation, and weaker associations with more distal constructs of state paranoia and subclinical psychosis-like experiences. While ratings of ostracism distress and anxiety were significantly attenuated at retest, most participants continued to experience post-Cyberball ostracism distress at one-month follow-up, which indicates that the social exclusion induction of Cyberball persisted despite participants' familiarity with the paradigm. Overall, results suggest that the primary construct of ostracism distress is preserved over repeated administration of Cyberball, with reliability sufficient for usage in longitudinal research. These findings have important implications for translating this laboratory simulation of social distress into developmental and clinical intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie A. Davidson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mercer University College of Health Professions, 2930 Flowers Rd. S., Rm. 466, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Cynthia J. Willner
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Barbara C. Banz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua G. Kenney
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 116-B, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason K. Johannesen
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 116-B, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J. Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Key AP, Dykens EM. Incidental memory for faces in children with different genetic subtypes of Prader-Willi syndrome. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:918-927. [PMID: 28338743 PMCID: PMC5472135 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of genetic subtype on social memory in children (7–16 years) with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) during a passive viewing task were used to compare incidental memory traces for repeated vs single presentations of previously unfamiliar social (faces) and nonsocial (houses) images in 15 children with the deletion subtype and 13 children with maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD). While all participants perceived faces as different from houses (N170 responses), repeated faces elicited more positive ERP amplitudes (‘old/new’ effect, 250–500ms) only in children with the deletion subtype. Conversely, the mUPD group demonstrated reduced amplitudes suggestive of habituation to the repeated faces. ERP responses to repeated vs single house images did not differ in either group. The results suggest that faces hold different motivational value for individuals with the deletion vs mUPD subtype of PWS and could contribute to the explanation of subtype differences in the psychiatric symptoms, including autism symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development.,Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Elisabeth M Dykens
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development.,Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Key AP, Yoder PJ, Stone WL. Consonant differentiation mediates the discrepancy between non-verbal and verbal abilities in children with ASD. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:478-90. [PMID: 27120990 PMCID: PMC6927012 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate verbal communication disorders reflected in lower verbal than non-verbal abilities. The present study examined the extent to which this discrepancy is associated with atypical speech sound differentiation. METHODS Differences in the amplitude of auditory event-related potentials elicited by contrasting consonant-vowel syllables during a passive listening paradigm were used to assess speech sound differentiation in 24 children with ASD and 18 chronological age-matched children with typical development (TD), M age 6.90 years (SD = 1.39). RESULTS Results revealed that compared with TD peers, children with ASD showed reduced consonant differentiation in the 84- to 308-ms period. Brain responses indexing consonant differentiation were negatively related to the degree of discrepancy in non-verbal and verbal abilities and mediated the relationship between diagnostic group membership and the greater discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of the brain's response to speech sound contrasts possibly explaining the greater non-verbal versus language ability in children with ASD compared with that in typically developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P J Yoder
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W L Stone
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Key AP, Dykens EM. Face repetition detection and social interest: An ERP study in adults with and without Williams syndrome. Soc Neurosci 2016; 11:652-64. [PMID: 26667404 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2015.1130743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined possible neural mechanisms underlying increased social interest in persons with Williams syndrome (WS). Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) during passive viewing were used to compare incidental memory traces for repeated vs. single presentations of previously unfamiliar social (faces) and nonsocial (houses) images in 26 adults with WS and 26 typical adults. Results indicated that participants with WS developed familiarity with the repeated faces and houses (frontal N400 response), but only typical adults evidenced the parietal old/new effect (previously associated with stimulus recollection) for the repeated faces. There was also no evidence of exceptional salience of social information in WS, as ERP markers of memory for repeated faces vs. houses were not significantly different. Thus, while persons with WS exhibit behavioral evidence of increased social interest, their processing of social information in the absence of specific instructions may be relatively superficial. The ERP evidence of face repetition detection in WS was independent of IQ and the earlier perceptual differentiation of social vs. nonsocial stimuli. Large individual differences in ERPs of participants with WS may provide valuable information for understanding the WS phenotype and have relevance for educational and treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Key
- a Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences , School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Elisabeth M Dykens
- a Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,c Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Neurocognitive evidence for mental imagery-driven hypoalgesic and hyperalgesic pain regulation. Neuroimage 2015; 120:350-61. [PMID: 26162551 PMCID: PMC4594156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery has the potential to influence perception by directly altering sensory, cognitive, and affective brain activity associated with imagined content. While it is well established that mental imagery can both exacerbate and alleviate acute and chronic pain, it is currently unknown how imagery mechanisms regulate pain perception. For example, studies to date have been unable to determine whether imagery effects depend upon a general redirection of attention away from pain or focused attentional mechanisms. To address these issues, we recorded subjective, behavioral and ERP responses using 64-channel EEG while healthy human participants applied a mental imagery strategy to decrease or increase pain sensations. When imagining a glove covering the forearm, participants reported decreased perceived intensity and unpleasantness, classified fewer high-intensity stimuli as painful, and showed a more conservative response bias. In contrast, when imagining a lesion on the forearm, participants reported increased pain intensity and unpleasantness, classified more low-intensity stimuli as painful, and displayed a more liberal response bias. Using a mass-univariate approach, we further showed differential modulation of the N2 potentials across conditions, with inhibition and facilitation respectively increasing and decreasing N2 amplitudes between 122 and 180 ms. Within this time window, source localization associated inhibiting vs. facilitating pain with neural activity in cortical regions involved in cognitive inhibitory control and in the retrieval of semantic information (i.e., right inferior frontal and temporal regions). In contrast, the main sources of neural activity associated with facilitating vs. inhibiting pain were identified in cortical regions typically implicated in salience processing and emotion regulation (i.e., left insular, inferior-middle frontal, supplementary motor and precentral regions). Overall, these findings suggest that the content of a mental image directly alters pain-related decision and evaluative processing to flexibly produce hypoalgesic and hyperalgesic outcomes.
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Crowley MJ, van Noordt SJR, Wu J, Hommer RE, South M, Fearon RMP, Mayes LC. Reward feedback processing in children and adolescents: medial frontal theta oscillations. Brain Cogn 2014; 89:79-89. [PMID: 24360036 PMCID: PMC4062620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined event-related electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations, including event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) and intertrial coherence (ITC), to compare feedback processing during a chance-based reward vs. non-reward task in groups of 10-12-year-old (n=42), 13-14-year-old (n=34) and 15-17-year-olds (n=32). Because few, if any studies have applied these analytic methods to examine feedback processing in children or adolescents, we used a fine-grained approach that explored one half hertz by 16ms increments during feedback (no win vs. win events) in the theta (4-8Hz) frequency band. Complex wavelet frequency decomposition revealed that no win feedback was associated with enhanced theta power and phase coherence. We observed condition and age-based differences for both ERSP and ITC, with stronger effects for ITC. The transition from childhood to early adolescence (13-14yrs.) was a point of increased differentiation of ITC favoring no win vs. wins feedback and also compared to children or older adolescents, a point of heightened ITC for no win feedback (quadratic effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Translational Developmental Neuroscience, Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Stefon J R van Noordt
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Jia Wu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca E Hommer
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mikle South
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - R M P Fearon
- Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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