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Abdel Rahim S, Al-Zoubi N, Khader H, Alwaraydat R, Al-Akayleh F. Ethanol-induced dose dumping from sodium alginate matrix tablets: Investigation of the effects of medium viscosity and pH. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122568. [PMID: 36587774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the swelling and disintegration of drug-free sodium alginate (SA) compacts and the release of metformin HCl from SA matrix tablets were investigated in acidic media of different ethanol concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 % v/v), pH (1.2 and 4.5) and HPMC K4M concentrations (0-1 % w/v). The investigated dissolution media represented the consumption of different alcoholic beverages, the pH of fasted and fed states, and a range of viscosity resembling diluted homogenized FDA meal. The dissolution efficiency and the time to 50 % release (t50%) were selected as release parameters. It was found that both ethanol concentration and medium pH affected drug release from SA matrix tablets and the swelling of SA compacts. Dose dumping occurred at high ethanol concentration (40 %) at both media pH with almost complete drug release within 15-30 min associated with rapid matrix disintegration. HPMC at 0.5-1 % concentrations increased the medium's viscosity, preventing dose dumping at high ethanol concentrations. Erosion and disintegration of SA compacts were decelerated by increasing HPMC concentration in hydroethanolic media in consonance with decreased release rate from matrix tablets. ANOVA tests showed significant effects of pH and concentrations of ethanol and HPMC in the dissolution medium on the release parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Abdel Rahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University. Amman, Jordan
| | - Nizar Al-Zoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, 13115 Zarqa, Jordan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University, 26150 Jerash, Jordan.
| | - Heba Khader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, 13115 Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rahaf Alwaraydat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, 13115 Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Faisal Al-Akayleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
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2
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Schot M, Araújo-Gomes N, van Loo B, Kamperman T, Leijten J. Scalable fabrication, compartmentalization and applications of living microtissues. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:392-405. [PMID: 35574053 PMCID: PMC9062422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Living microtissues are used in a multitude of applications as they more closely resemble native tissue physiology, as compared to 2D cultures. Microtissues are typically composed of a combination of cells and materials in varying combinations, which are dictated by the applications' design requirements. Their applications range wide, from fundamental biological research such as differentiation studies to industrial applications such as cruelty-free meat production. However, their translation to industrial and clinical settings has been hindered due to the lack of scalability of microtissue production techniques. Continuous microfluidic processes provide an opportunity to overcome this limitation as they offer higher throughput production rates as compared to traditional batch techniques, while maintaining reproducible control over microtissue composition and size. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current approaches to engineer microtissues with a focus on the advantages of, and need for, the use of continuous processes to produce microtissues in large quantities. Finally, an outlook is provided that outlines the required developments to enable large-scale microtissue fabrication using continuous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schot
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van Loo
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Wu S, Zheng W, Song S, Ai C. Fabrication of astaxanthin-enriched colon-targeted alginate microspheres and its beneficial effect on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:396-409. [PMID: 35176325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (Ax) with a strong antioxidant activity is beneficial to human health, but its application is limited by its highly unsaturated structure and poor water-solubility. Ax-enriched colon targeted alginate particles (Ax-Alg) was prepared by high-pressure spraying and ionic gelation, and most of particles was in the range of 0.5-3.2 μm in a diameter. The in vitro models showed that Ax-Alg can maintain the structural integrity in the different conditions (pH, heat and ion). In addition, Ax-Alg can well tolerate the conditions in the mouth, stomach and small intestine and reach the colon where Ax was released due to fermentation of gut microbiota. Mice experiment showed that Ax-Alg reduced dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, involving weight loss, disease activity index, colonic mucosal integrity and inflammation, and oxidative damage. On the other hand, Ax-Alg regulated the gut microbiota composition and reduced the abundances of Bacteroidetes members that had positive correlation with ulcerative colitis. Ax-Alg had better effect on the treatment of ulcerative colitis than oil-in-water emulsion, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ax and alginate. This study can be helpful for the application of colon-targeted delivery system in the foods and treatment of colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Weiyun Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Sharma M, Inbaraj BS, Dikkala PK, Sridhar K, Mude AN, Narsaiah K. Preparation of Curcumin Hydrogel Beads for the Development of Functional Kulfi: A Tailoring Delivery System. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020182. [PMID: 35053917 PMCID: PMC8774899 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been demonstrated to have biological activities and its fortification in food products is an important strategy to deliver bioactive ingredients at target sites. However, studies have documented a curcumin low bioavailability and low intake. Hence, combining functional ingredients with food should be needed to prevent widespread nutrient intake shortfalls and associated deficiencies. Thus, curcumin was encapsulated in calcium-alginate and their characteristics as well as in vitro release behavior of curcumin hydrogel beads (CHBs) was studied. Moreover, CHBs were fortified in development of functional Kulfi and their quality characteristics were studied. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 95.04%, indicating that most of the curcumin was entrapped. FTIR shifts in the bands were due to the replacement of sodium ions to the calcium ions. In vitro release (%) for CHBs was found to be 67.15% after 2 h, which increased slightly up to 67.88% after 4 h. The average swelling index of CHBs was found to be 10.21 to 37.92 from 2 to 12 h in PBS (pH 7.40). Control and Kulfi fortified with CHBs showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in colour (L = 73.03 and 75.88) and the melting rate (0.88 mL/min and 0.63 mL/min), respectively. Standard plate count was reduced in the Kulfi fortified with CHBs (13.77 × 104 CFU/mL) with high sensory score for overall acceptability (8.56) compared to the control (154.70 × 104 CFU/mL). These findings suggested the feasibility of developing CHBs to mask the bitterness, enhance the solubility, and increase the bioavailability in gastrointestinal conditions. Additionally, Kulfi could be a suitable dairy delivery system for curcumin bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minaxi Sharma
- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141 004, India; (M.S.); (P.K.D.); (A.N.M.)
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Dikkala
- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141 004, India; (M.S.); (P.K.D.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242 05, Taiwan; or
- Correspondence: or (K.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Arjun Naik Mude
- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141 004, India; (M.S.); (P.K.D.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Kairam Narsaiah
- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141 004, India; (M.S.); (P.K.D.); (A.N.M.)
- Correspondence: or (K.S.); (K.N.)
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Tuning Alginate Microparticle Size via Atomization of Non-Newtonian Fluids. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247601. [PMID: 34947196 PMCID: PMC8709414 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new approach based on the atomization of non-Newtonian fluids has been proposed to produce microparticles for a potential inhalation route. In particular, different solutions of alginate were atomized on baths of different crosslinkers, piperazine and barium chloride, obtaining microparticles around 5 and 40 microns, respectively. These results were explained as a consequence of the different viscoelastic properties, since oscillatory analysis indicated that the formed hydrogel beads with barium chloride had a higher storage modulus (1000 Pa) than the piperazine ones (20 Pa). Pressure ratio (polymer solution-air) was identified as a key factor, and it should be from 0.85 to 1.00 to ensure a successful atomization, obtaining the smallest particle size at intermediate pressures. Finally, a numerical study based on dimensionless numbers was performed to predict particle size depending on the conditions. These results highlight that it is possible to control the microparticles size by modifying either the viscoelasticity of the hydrogel or the experimental conditions of atomization. Some experimental conditions (using piperazine) reduce the particle size up to 5 microns and therefore allow their use by aerosol inhalation.
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Hazra M, Dasgupta Mandal D, Mandal T, Rao BP, Samaddar S. Optimization and characterization of hepatoprotective andrographolide microspheres in the necrotic rat model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Preparation of Alginate-Based Biomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050264. [PMID: 34068547 PMCID: PMC8150954 DOI: 10.3390/md19050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel, alginates can be processed into various forms, such as hydrogels, microspheres, fibers and sponges, and have been widely applied in biomedical field. The present review provides an overview of the properties and processing methods of alginates, as well as their applications in wound healing, tissue repair and drug delivery in recent years.
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Mahmoud BS, McConville C. Development and Optimization of Irinotecan-Loaded PCL Nanoparticles and Their Cytotoxicity against Primary High-Grade Glioma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:541. [PMID: 33924355 PMCID: PMC8068837 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are highly malignant tumors with a poor survival rate. The inability of free drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and their off-target accumulation result in dose-limiting side effects. This study aimed at enhancing the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate (IRH) within polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles with optimized size and charge. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRH-loaded PCL nanoparticles were formulated using either the single emulsion (O/W, W/O and O/O) or double emulsion (W/O/O and W/O/W) solvent evaporation techniques. The nanoparticles were characterized for their size, zeta potential and EE, with the optimized nanoparticles being characterized for their drug release and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The amorphization of PCL and the addition of electrolytes to the aqueous phases of the W/O/W emulsion produced spherical nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 202.1 ± 2.0 nm and an EE of 65.0%. The IRH-loaded nanoparticles exhibited zero-order release and were cytotoxic against primary HGG cells. CONCLUSION The amorphization of PCL improves its EE of hydrophilic drugs, while the addition of electrolytes to the aqueous phases of the W/O/W emulsion enhances their EE further. IRH-loaded PCL nanoparticles have the potential to deliver cytotoxic levels of IRH over a sustained period of time, enhancing the cell death of HGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Salah Mahmoud
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Christopher McConville
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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Deepak, Afgan S, Pal K, Kumar R. Studies on non-gelatinous & thermo-responsive chitosan with the N-isopropylacrylamide by RAFT methodology for control release of levofloxacin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2370-2379. [PMID: 32758607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The non-gelatinous and thermo-responsive properties were introduced in chitosan by incorporating the chain of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To achieve this, the reaction was carried out at 80 °C by modifying the chitosan(CS) with RAFT agent as a macroinitiator (CS-RAFT), where the amine group of CS was protected with phthalic anhydride and then reacted with 4-cyano-4-[(dodecyl sulfanyl thiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]-pentanoic acid (CDSTSP) to form CS-RAFT agent. Further, the addition of NIPAAm chains onto CS-RAFT was carried out in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent by using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator in N2 atmosphere. The controlled addition of NIPAAm chains on to CS was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, further, a kinetic study was performed to get the characteristic features of the RAFT reaction. The product was characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The product in aqueous solution showed LCST at 2.0 mg/mL on 33 ± 0.1 °C. Further, beads were prepared with the sodium alginate and loaded the water-soluble levofloxacin drug (60% w/w loading was achieved). The drug delivery process was studied in-vitro at 37 ± 0.1 °C & pH 7.4, which shown controlled release of drug up to 32 h and it was 71% of the loaded levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Shere Afgan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Krishtan Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
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Lactoferrin-Loaded Alginate Microparticles to Target Clostridioides difficile Infection. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2438-2446. [PMID: 30851342 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some forms of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) are effective in delaying Clostridioides difficile growth and preventing toxin production. However, therapeutic use of bLf may be limited by protein stability issues. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate colon-targeted, pH-triggered alginate microparticles loaded with bioactive bLf and to evaluate their anti-C difficile defense properties in vitro. Different forms of metal-bound bLf were encapsulated in alginate microparticles using an emulsification or internal gelation method. The microparticles were coated with chitosan to control protein release. In vitro drug release studies were conducted in pH-simulated gastrointestinal conditions to investigate the release kinetics of encapsulated protein. No significant release of metal-bound bLf was observed at acidic pH; however, on reaching simulated colonic pH, most of the encapsulated lactoferrin was released. The application of bLf (5 mg/mL) delivered from alginate microparticles to human intestinal epithelial cells significantly reduced the cytotoxic effects of toxins A and B as well as bacterial supernatant on Caco-2 and Vero cells, respectively. These results are the first to suggest that alginate-bLf microparticles show protective effects against C difficile toxin-mediated epithelial damage and impairment of barrier function in human intestinal epithelial cells. The future potential of lactoferrin-loaded alginate microparticles against C difficile deserves further study.
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Sun Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Gao R, McClements DJ. Development of Functional or Medical Foods for Oral Administration of Insulin for Diabetes Treatment: Gastroprotective Edible Microgels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4820-4826. [PMID: 29701967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and an antacid [Mg(OH)2] were co-encapsulated inside calcium alginate microgels (diameter = 280 μm) using a vibrating nozzle injector. Confocal microscopy indicated that insulin was successfully encapsulated inside the microgels and remained inside them after they were exposed to simulated gastric conditions. Localized fluorescence intensity measurements indicated that the internal pH of the antacid-loaded microgels was around pH 7.4 after incubation in acidic gastric fluids but below the limit of detection (pH < 4) in the antacid-free microgels. After incubation in small intestine conditions, around 30% of the insulin was released from the antacid-loaded microgels over a 2 h period. Encapsulation of insulin within the antacid-loaded microgels increased its biological activity after exposure to simulated gastric conditions. In particular, the encapsulated insulin significantly increased Akt phosphorylation at both Thr308 and Ser473 in L6 myotubes when compared to free insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212001 , People's Republic of China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Kamperman T, Karperien M, Le Gac S, Leijten J. Single-Cell Microgels: Technology, Challenges, and Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:850-865. [PMID: 29656795 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell-laden microgels effectively act as the engineered counterpart of the smallest living building block of life: a cell within its pericellular matrix. Recent breakthroughs have enabled the encapsulation of single cells in sub-100-μm microgels to provide physiologically relevant microniches with minimal mass transport limitations and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Single-cell-laden microgels offer additional unprecedented advantages, including facile manipulation, culture, and analysis of individual cell within 3D microenvironments. Therefore, single-cell microgel technology is expected to be instrumental in many life science applications, including pharmacological screenings, regenerative medicine, and fundamental biological research. In this review, we discuss the latest trends, technical challenges, and breakthroughs, and present our vision of the future of single-cell microgel technology and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/DBE_MIRA
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/UTwente
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/utwenteEN
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Khoshzaban A, Keyhanvar P, Delrish E, Najafi F, Heidari Keshel S, Watanabe I, Valanezhad A, Jafarzadeh Kashi T. Alginate Microcapsules as Nutrient Suppliers: An In Vitro Study. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:25-30. [PMID: 29308615 PMCID: PMC5759677 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alginate, known as a group of anionic polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds, has attracted the attention
of researchers because of its biocompatibility and degradability properties. Alginate has shown beneficial effects on
wound healing as it has similar function as extracellular matrix. Alginate microcapsules (AM) that are used in tissue
engineering as well as Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) contain nutrients required for cell viability. The
purpose of this research was introducing AM in medium and nutrient reagent cells and making a comparison with
control group cells that have been normally cultured in long term.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, AM were shaped in distilled water, it was dropped at 5 mL/hours
through a flat 25G5/8 sterile needle into a crosslinking bath containing 0.1 M calcium chloride to produce calcium
alginate microspheres. Then, the size of microcapsules (300-350 µm) were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) images after the filtration for selection of the best size. Next, DMEM was injected into AM. Afterward, adipose-
derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and Ringer’s serum were added. Then, MTT and DAPI assays were used
for cell viability and nucleus staining, respectively. Also, morphology of microcapsules was determined under invert
microscopy.
Results Evaluation of the cells performed for spatial media/microcapsules at the volume of 40 µl, showed ADSCs
after 1-day cell culture. Also, MTT assay results showed a significant difference in the viability of sustained-release
media injected to microcapsules (P<0.05). DAPI staining revealed living cells on the microcapsules after 1 to 7-day cell
culture.
Conclusion According to the results, AM had a positive effect on cell viability in scaffolds and tissue engineering and
provide nutrients needed in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Khoshzaban
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Keyhanvar
- Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Delrish
- Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ikuya Watanabe
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Tahereh Jafarzadeh Kashi
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
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Ching SH, Bansal N, Bhandari B. Alginate gel particles-A review of production techniques and physical properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1133-1152. [PMID: 25976619 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.965773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The application of hydrocolloid gel particles is potentially useful in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate gel particles are one of the more commonly used hydrocolloid gel particles due to them being biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable, cheap, and simple to produce. They are particularly valued for their application in encapsulation. Encapsulation in alginate gel particles confers protective benefits to cells, DNA, nutrients, and microbes. Slow release of flavors, minerals, and drugs can also be achieved by encapsulation in gel particles. The particle size and shape of the gel particles are crucial for specific applications. In this review, current methods of producing alginate gel particles will be discussed, taking into account their advantages, disadvantages, scalability, and impact on particle size. The physical properties of alginate gel particles will determine the effectiveness in different application conditions. This review will cover the current understanding of the alginate biopolymer, gelation mechanisms and factors affecting release properties, gel strength, and rheology of the alginate gel particle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hung Ching
- a School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- a School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- a School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Ye B, Xu H, Bao B, Xuan J, Zhang L. 3D-printed air-blast microfluidic nozzles for preparing calcium alginate microparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08611c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniform calcium alginate microparticles were prepared through 3D-printed coaxial air-blast microfluidic nozzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ye
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hong Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Binbin Bao
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jin Xuan
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Li Zhang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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16
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Lee BB, Bhandari BR, Howes T. Air Extrusion System for Ionotropic Alginate Microgel Particle Formation: A Review. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Sosnik A. Alginate Particles as Platform for Drug Delivery by the Oral Route: State-of-the-Art. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2014; 2014:926157. [PMID: 25101184 PMCID: PMC4004034 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical research and development aims to design products with ensured safety, quality, and efficacy to treat disease. To make the process more rational, coherent, efficient, and cost-effective, the field of Pharmaceutical Materials Science has emerged as the systematic study of the physicochemical properties and behavior of materials of pharmaceutical interest in relation to product performance. The oral route is the most patient preferred for drug administration. The presence of a mucus layer that covers the entire gastrointestinal tract has been exploited to expand the use of the oral route by developing a mucoadhesive drug delivery system that showed a prolonged residence time. Alginic acid and sodium and potassium alginates have emerged as one of the most extensively explored mucoadhesive biomaterials owing to very good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility, biodegradation, sol-gel transition properties, and chemical versatility that make possible further modifications to tailor their properties. The present review overviews the most relevant applications of alginate microparticles and nanoparticles for drug administration by the oral route and discusses the perspectives of this biomaterial in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- Group of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology De-Jur Building, Office 607, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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Higuita-Castro N, Gallego-Perez D, Love K, Sands MR, Kaletunç G, Hansford DJ. Soft Lithography-Based Fabrication of Biopolymer Microparticles for Nutrient Microencapsulation. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2012.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Ohio Nanotech West Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Ohio Nanotech West Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kelley Love
- Abbott Nutrition Products Division, Columbus, OH
| | - Matthew R. Sands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Ohio Nanotech West Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Gönül Kaletunç
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Derek J. Hansford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Ohio Nanotech West Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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20
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Borgogna M, Bellich B, Cesàro A. Marine polysaccharides in microencapsulation and application to aquaculture: "from sea to sea". Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2572-2604. [PMID: 22363241 PMCID: PMC3280570 DOI: 10.3390/md9122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review's main objective is to discuss some physico-chemical features of polysaccharides as intrinsic determinants for the supramolecular structures that can efficiently provide encapsulation of drugs and other biological entities. Thus, the general characteristics of some basic polysaccharides are outlined in terms of their conformational, dynamic and thermodynamic properties. The analysis of some polysaccharide gelling properties is also provided, including the peculiarity of the charged polysaccharides. Then, the way the basic physical chemistry of polymer self-assembly is made in practice through the laboratory methods is highlighted. A description of the several literature procedures used to influence molecular interactions into the macroscopic goal of the encapsulation is given with an attempt at classification. Finally, a practical case study of specific interest, the use of marine polysaccharide matrices for encapsulation of vaccines in aquaculture, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attilio Cesàro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1-I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.B.); (B.B.)
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Pandey R, Ahmad Z. Nanomedicine and experimental tuberculosis: facts, flaws, and future. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:259-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Pal T, Paul S, Sa B. Polymethylmethacrylate Coated Alginate Matrix Microcapsules for Controlled Release of Diclofenac Sodium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2011.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mandal S, Kumar SS, Krishnamoorthy B, Basu SK. Development and evaluation of calcium alginate beads prepared by sequential and simultaneous methods. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a sustained release dosage form of Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ) using a natural polymeric carrier prepared in a completely aqueous environment. TMZ was entrapped in calcium alginate beads prepared with sodium alginate by the ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The drug was incorporated either into preformed calcium alginate gel beads (sequential method) or incorporated simultaneously during the gelation stage (simultaneous method). The beads were evaluated for particle size and surface morphology using optical microscopy and SEM, respectively. Beads produced by the sequential method had higher drug entrapment. Drug entrapment in the sequential method was higher with increased CaCl2 and polymer concentration but lower with increased drug concentration. In the simultaneous method, drug entrapment was higher when polymer and drug concentration were increased and also rose to a certain extent with increase in CaCl2 concentration, where further increase resulted in lower drug loading. FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between drug and CaCl2. XRD studies showed that the crystalline drug changed to an amorphous state after formulation. Release characteristics of the TMZ loaded calcium alginate beads were studied in enzyme-free simulated gastric and intestinal fluid.
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Hariyadi DM, Lin SCY, Wang Y, Bostrom T, Turner MS, Bhandari B, Coombes AG. Diffusion loading and drug delivery characteristics of alginate gel microparticles produced by a novel impinging aerosols method. J Drug Target 2010; 18:831-41. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.525651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Mandal S, Basu SK, Sa B. Sustained release of a water-soluble drug from alginate matrix tablets prepared by wet granulation method. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1348-56. [PMID: 19911286 PMCID: PMC2799599 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate matrix tablet of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ), a water-soluble drug, was prepared using sodium alginate (SAL) and calcium gluconate (CG) by the conventional wet granulation method for sustained release of the drug. The effect of formulation variables like SAL/CG ratio, drug load, microenvironmental pH modulator, and processing variable like compression force on the extent of drug release was examined. The tablets prepared with 1:2 w/w ratio of SAL/CG produced the most sustained release of the drug extending up to 13.5 h. Above and below this ratio, the drug release was faster. The drug load and the hardness of the tablets produced minimal variation in drug release. The addition of alkaline or acidic microenvironmental modulators did not extend the release; instead, these excipients produced somewhat faster release of diltiazem. This study revealed that proper selection of SAL/CG ratio is important to produce alginate matrix tablet by wet granulation method for sustained release of DTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Sanat Kumar Basu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Biswanath Sa
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
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Ahmad Z, Khuller GK. Alginate-based sustained release drug delivery systems for tuberculosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:1323-34. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240802600662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cui JH, Cao QR, Lee BJ. Enhanced Delivery of Bifidobacteria and Fecal Changes after Multiple Oral Administrations of Bifidobacteria-loaded Alginate Poly-l-lysine Microparticles in Human Volunteers. Drug Deliv 2008; 14:265-71. [PMID: 17613013 DOI: 10.1080/10717540601067844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced delivery of bifidobacteria and fecal changes were compared following multiple oral administrations of protected bifidobacteria-loaded alginate poly-l-lysine microparticles (bap-microparticles) and unprotected bifidobacteria cultures over a period of 1 month to healthy human volunteers as preliminary in vivo studies. When bap-microparticles were orally administered, enhanced delivery of bifidobacteria was achieved. The viability of the bifidobacteria was significantly increased approximately 11.5-30 times (1.06-1.48 log cycles) during the ingestion period when compared with the bifidobacteria culture group (p < 0.05). However, other gut microflora such as bifidobacteria, enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, and staphylococci in feces were not significantly different between the two groups. Encapsulated bifidobacteria resulted in more frequent defecation and decreased fecal viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Cui
- National Research Laboratory for Bioavailability Control, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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28
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Setty CM, Sahoo SS, Sa B. Alginate-Coated Alginate-Polyethyleneimine Beads for Prolonged Release of Furosemide in Simulated Intestinal Fluid. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 31:435-46. [PMID: 16093209 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500214647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Furosemide-loaded calcium alginate (ALG), calcium alginate-polyethyleneimine (ALG-PEI) and alginate-coated ALG-PEI (ALG-PEI-ALG) beads were prepared by ionotropic/polyelectrolyte complexation method to achieve controlled release of the drug. Effects of several formulation factors on the characteristics of the beads were investigated. Although variation in formulation factors did not influence the drug-loading efficiency (DLE) of ALG beads, rapid release of the drug in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) could not be prevented. PEI treatment of ALG beads, however, prolonged the drug release considerably. Ionic interaction, as appeared from FTIR studies, between alginate and PEI led to the formation of polyelectrolyte complex membrane, the thickness of which was dependent on the conditions of PEI treatment as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membrane acted as a physical barrier to drug release from ALG-PEI beads. Alginate coating of ALG-PEI beads further prolonged the release of the drug by increasing membrane thickness and reducing swelling of the beads possibly by blocking the surface pores. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated that drug was not degraded by PEI treatment. The release data from ALG-PEI beads showed a good fit in power law expression, whereas the release data from ALG-PEI-ALG beads were found to fit in modified power law expression, and the mechanism of drug release changed from super case II transport to nearly Fickian transport, depending on the degree of gelation and formation of polyelectrolyte complex membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mallikarjuna Setty
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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29
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Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK. Chemotherapeutic evaluation of alginate nanoparticle-encapsulated azole antifungal and antitubercular drugs against murine tuberculosis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 3:239-43. [PMID: 17652032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the chemotherapeutic potential of alginate nanoparticle-encapsulated econazole and antitubercular drugs (ATDs) against murine tuberculosis. Alginate nanoparticles encapsulating econazole and ATDs were prepared by the cation-induced controlled gelification of alginate and were characterized. Drugs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. All the ATDs were detected above minimum inhibitory concentrations for as long as 15 days and econazole until the day 8 in organs (lungs, liver, and spleen) after administration of encapsulated drugs, whereas free drugs remained detectable for only 12 to 24 hours. Eight doses of alginate nanoparticle-encapsulated econazole or 112 doses of free econazole reduced bacterial burden by more than 90% in the lungs and spleen of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Econazole (free or encapsulated) could replace rifampicin and isoniazid during chemotherapy of murine tuberculosis. Alginate nanoparticles reduced the dosing frequency of azoles and ATDs by 15-fold. Alginate nanoparticles are the ideal carriers of azole and antitubercular drugs, which can reduce dosing frequency of azoles as well as ATDs for the better management of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Silva CM, Ribeiro AJ, Ferreira D, Veiga F. Insulin encapsulation in reinforced alginate microspheres prepared by internal gelation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 29:148-59. [PMID: 16952452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-loaded alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification/internal gelation were reinforced by blending with polyanionic additive polymers and/or chitosan-coating in order to increase the protection of insulin at simulated gastric pH and obtain a sustained release at simulated intestinal pH. Polyanionic additive polymers blended with alginate were cellulose acetate phtalate (CAP), Eudragit L100 (EL100), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyphosphate (PP), dextran sulfate (DS) and cellulose sulfate (CS). Chitosan-coating was applied by using a one-stage procedure. The influence of additive polymers and chitosan-coating on the size distribution of microspheres, encapsulation efficiency and release profile of insulin in simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions was studied. The mean diameter of blended microspheres ranged from 65 to 106 microm and encapsulation efficiency of insulin varied from 14 to 100%, reaching a maximum value when CS and DS were incorporated in the alginate matrix. Insulin release, at pH 1.2, was almost prevented by the incorporation of PP, DS and CS. When uncoated microspheres were transferred to pH 6.8, a fast dissolution occurred, independently of the additive polymer blended with alginate, and insulin was completely released. Increasing the additive polymer concentration in the alginate matrix and/or chitosan-coating the blended alginate microspheres did not promote a sustained release of insulin from microspheres at pH 6.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Rua do Norte, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Cui JH, Cao QR, Choi YJ, Lee KH, Lee BJ. Effect of additives on the viability of bifidobacteria loaded in alginate poly-l-lysine microparticles during the freeze-drying process. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:707-11. [PMID: 16964767 DOI: 10.1007/bf02968256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria-loaded alginate poly-l-lysine microparticles (bap microparticles) were prepared using an air atomization method and then freeze-dried. The viability of the bap microparticles was investigated as a function of the amount of the bifidobacteria cultures, and the addition of a yeast extract, cryoprotectants, antioxidants and neutralizer. The size of the bap microparticles with and without the bifidobacteria was 84.8 +/- 28.5 microm (mean +/- standard deviation) and 113.1 +/- 38.5 microm, respectively. The surface morphology was slightly ellipsoid and wrinkled regardless of the incorporating bifidobacteria. The viability gradually decreased with increasing freeze-drying time. Free-flowing powdered bap microparticles were obtained at least 12 h after freeze-drying the wetted slurry of bap microparticles. However, the particles tended to aggregate when either lactose or ascorbic acid was added. The addition of a yeast extract, cryoprotectants (glycerol and lactose), antioxidants (NaHSO3 and ascorbic acid) and neutralizer (Mg3(PO4)2) resulted in a significantly higher viability of the bifidobacteria in the bap microparticles after freeze-drying (0.34-1.84 log) compared with the culture alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Cui
- National Research Laboratory for Bioavailability Control, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Halder A, Maiti S, Sa B. Entrapment efficiency and release characteristics of polyethyleneimine-treated or -untreated calcium alginate beads loaded with propranolol–resin complex. Int J Pharm 2005; 302:84-94. [PMID: 16102927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Propranolol-HCl-loaded calcium alginate (ALG) beads, propranolol-resin complex (resinate)-loaded calcium alginate (RALG) beads and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-treated RALG (RALG-PEI) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation/polyelectrolyte complexation method. The beads were evaluated and compared in respect of drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and release characteristics in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, 0.1(N) HCl, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, phosphate buffer, pH 6.8). DEE of RALG beads was considerably higher than that of ALG beads containing unresinated drug. However, DEE of RALG beads decreased with increase in both gelation time and concentration of the gel forming Ca2+ ions due to drug displacement from resinate. PEI treatment of RALG beads further decreased DEE as the polycation also displaced the drug from the resinate. The release of drug from all the beads was slow and incomplete in SGF owing to considerably less swelling of the beads and the decrease in drug release from the beads followed the order: RALG-PEI<RALG<ALG. In contrast to rapid discharge of the drug by ALG beads in SIF, RALG beads provided marginal prolongation in drug release as both ALG and RALG beads swelled and eroded rapidly although at different rates. On the other hand, drug release from RALG-PEI beads in SIF was considerably prolonged for different periods of time depending upon the conditions of PEI treatment. Interaction of the polycation with alginate resulted in the formation of polyelectrolyte complex membrane as evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The membrane having reduced swelling and erosion properties behaved as a physical barrier to drug release. Kinetics of the drug release also confirmed the formation of physical barrier as anomalous transport type of release associated with. RALG beads tended to shift towards Fickian transport in case of RALG-PEI beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halder
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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33
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Shilpa A, Agrawal SS, Ray AR. Controlled Delivery of Drugs from Alginate Matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-120020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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