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Fekete G, Sebők A, Klátyik S, Varga ZI, Grósz J, Czinkota I, Székács A, Aleksza L. Comparative Analysis of Laboratory-Based and Spectroscopic Methods Used to Estimate the Algal Density of Chlorella vulgaris. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1050. [PMID: 38930433 PMCID: PMC11205756 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is of great importance in numerous exploratory or industrial applications (e.g., medicals, food, and feed additives). Rapid quantification of algal biomass is crucial in photobioreactors for the optimization of nutrient management and the estimation of production. The main goal of this study is to provide a simple, rapid, and not-resource-intensive estimation method for determining the algal density of C. vulgaris according to the measured parameters using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Comparative assessment measurements were conducted with seven different methods (e.g., filtration, evaporation, chlorophyll a extraction, and detection of optical density and fluorescence) to determine algal biomass. By analyzing the entire spectra of diluted algae samples, optimal wavelengths were determined through a stepwise series of linear regression analyses by a novel correlation scanning method, facilitating accurate parameter estimation. Nonlinear formulas for spectrometry-based estimation processes were derived for each parameter. As a result, a general formula for biomass concentration estimation was developed, with recommendations for suitable measuring devices based on algae concentration levels. New values for magnesium content and the average single-cell weight of C. vulgaris were established, in addition to the development of a rapid, semiautomated cell counting method, improving efficiency and accuracy in algae quantification for cultivation and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Fekete
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - András Sebők
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Szandra Klátyik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Zsolt István Varga
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - János Grósz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Imre Czinkota
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - András Székács
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - László Aleksza
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
- Profikomp Environmental Technologies Inc., Kühne Ede u. 7, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Mohamed AAR, Moustafa GG, El Bohy KM, Saber TM, Metwally MMM, El Desoukey Mohammed H, El-Far AH, Alotaibi BS, Alosaimi M, Abuzahrah SS, Alqahtani LS. Exploring cardiac impact of oral nicotine exposure in a transplantable Neoplasm Mice Model: Insights from biochemical analysis, morphometry, and molecular docking: Chlorella vulgaris green algae support. Toxicology 2023; 497-498:153629. [PMID: 37704175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine-induced cardiac tissue damage is a concern for cancer patients, but the exact pathogenesis from nicotine oral exposure is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the impact of nicotine and Chlorella vulgaris (Ch. V) on cardiac glutathione homeostasis, inflammatory response, cardiac damage markers, apoptotic proteins and histopathological findings in an experimentally transplantable neoplasm mouse model (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; EAC). In the in-vivo experiment, the female Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control, Ch.V (100 mg/kg), Nicotine (100 µg/ml/kg), and a combination group ( Nocotine+ Ch.V) for 40 days. Furthermore, in this study,the effects of C. vulgaris components on caspase-3, TNF-α, and IL-1β activity were explored using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) docking software to ensure its ability to counteract the toxic effects of nicotine. The results indicated that nicotine has induced significant (P < 0.001) cardiopathic alterations in EAC-bearing mice with changes in cardiac tissue enzymes. C. Vulgaris attenuated the nicotine-induced cardiac glutathione inhibition, suppressed the inflammatory response, exerted antiapoptotic effects, mitigated myocardial injury biomarkers, and repaired cellular and tissue damage. Moreover, the molecular docking results revealed the ability of C. vulgaris to bind with interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1 A (TNFRSF1A) in the mice tissues, ameliorating apoptosis and inflammatory processes associated with nicotine-induced cardiotoxicity. This study provides a model for understanding nicotine-induced myocardial injury during experimentally transplantable neoplasm. It highlights C. vulgaris as a beneficial food supplement for cancer patients exposed to nicotine orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of pathology and clinical pathology, faculty of veterinary medicine, King Salman international University, Ras sudr، Egypt; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba El Desoukey Mohammed
- Specialist of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Services, El Senbellawein, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah S Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
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Singh U, Singh P, Singh AK, Singh S, Kumar D, Shrivastava SK, Asthana RK. In silico and in vitro evaluation of extract derived from Dunaliella salina, a halotolerant microalga for its antifungal and antibacterial activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7069-7083. [PMID: 36017823 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study little explored halotolerant wall-less green alga Dunaliella salina was found to be a potent source of antibacterial and antifungal biomolecules. Both the target pathogens, bacteria (Escherischia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) and fungi (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Cryptococus sp.) were WHO prioritized. The bioassay guided approach led us to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal lead molecule(s) from an array of compounds using spectroscopic and in silico studies. The methanol derived crude extract was purified via thin layer chromatography (TLC) using solvent system methanol: chloroform (1:19). Maximum antimicrobial activity was observed in fractions D5, D6 and D7, the components of which were then recognized using high resolution-liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Orbitrap) (HR-LC/MS). The screened compounds were then docked with target enzymes sterol-14-alpha demethylase and OmpF porin protein. The energy scores revealed that amongst all, lariciresinol-4-O-glucoside showed better binding affinity, in silico, using the Schrödinger Maestro 2018-1 platform. The 3-dimensional crystal structures of both the proteins were retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB), and showed binding energies of -14.35 kcal/mol, and -11.0 kcal/mol against respective drug targets. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns, using Desmond package, Schrödinger to evaluate the conformational stability and alteration of protein-ligand complexes during the simulation. Thus, our findings confirmed that lariciresinol-4-O-glucoside, a lignan derivative and known strong antioxidant, may be used as an important "lead" molecule to be developed as antibacterial and antifungal drugs in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmilesh Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Biochemistry Department, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Marwari College (a constituent unit of Lalit Narayan Mithila University), Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Sweksha Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Asthana
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Baktybayeva L, Daulet G, Zazybin A, Yu V, Ostapchuk Y, Perfilyeva Y, Kali A, Abdolla N, Malmakova A, Baktybai N, Temirbekova Z, Rafikova K. Stimulation of B-Lymphopoiesis by Administration of a Trimecaine-Based Ionic Compound in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hematopoietic-Depressive Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031378. [PMID: 36771044 PMCID: PMC9920924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, the secondary form of hematopoietic-depressive status increases the risk of death in people with oncological, infectious, and hormonal diseases. The choice of drugs that stimulate the hematopoietic activity of B-lymphopoiesis is limited. The current leucopoiesis drugs have a number of side effects: thymic preparations stimulate the production of PGE2, which causes chronic inflammation and various autoimmune diseases through the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells, the proliferation of Th17 cells, and the production of IL-22 from Th22 cells through EP2 and EP4 receptors; cytokine preparations can cause uncontrolled immune reactions and impaired contractility of smooth and cardiac muscles; drugs based on nucleic acids can stimulate the division of all cells, including bacterial and cancerous ones. The use of oligonucleotides such as ribozymes and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) shows promise as therapeutic moieties, but faces a number of challenges such as nuclease sensitivity, off-target effects, and efficient delivery. The search for substances that stimulate B-lymphopoiesis among ionic compounds was motivated by the discovery of the unique properties of lidocaine docusate, one of the first ionic liquid forms of the known drugs. The lidocaine docusate (protonated form of lidocaine (2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) acetamide + docusate-anion (dioctylsulfosuccinate))) suppresses the division of pheochromocytoma cells and activates immunity in rats. The trimecaine-based ionic compound (TIC) demonstrates high B-lymphopoiesis-stimulating activity. The TIC compound stimulates an increase in the volume of transitional B cells, which play an important role for further differentiation and formation of a sufficient number of mature B1 cells and mature B2 cells, where mature B2 cells make up the bulk of the functional population of B lymphocytes. The TIC compound most strongly stimulated the restoration of the number of marginal zone B cells, follicular B cells, and activated germinal center B cells after the cytotoxic emptying of the follicular centers of the spleen induced cyclophosphamide. It significantly exceeds the activity of the comparison drug methyluracil. The TIC compound does not affect the level of pro-B, pre-B-I, or pre-B-II bone marrow cells, which prevents the risk of the formation of immature functionally defective cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layilya Baktybayeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Guldana Daulet
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexey Zazybin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kazakh British Technical University, Tole Bi Str., 59, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-705-293-0778
| | - Valentina Yu
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Medicinal Compounds Chemistry, A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, Walikhanov Str., 106, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Yekaterina Ostapchuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Dosmukhamedov Str., 86, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Perfilyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Dosmukhamedov Str., 86, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Aikyn Kali
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Dosmukhamedov Str., 86, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Dosmukhamedov Str., 86, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Malmakova
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Medicinal Compounds Chemistry, A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, Walikhanov Str., 106, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Nuraly Baktybai
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanerke Temirbekova
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Khadichahan Rafikova
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Oil and Gas Geology, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
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A review on current and future advancements for commercialized microalgae species. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ishiguro S, Roth M, Welti R, Loyd M, Thakkar R, Phillips M, Robben N, Upreti D, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Comer J, Tamura M. A Water Extract from Chlorella sorokiniana Cell Walls Stimulates Growth of Bone Marrow Cells and Splenocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142901. [PMID: 35889858 PMCID: PMC9322350 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A water extract derived from the isolated cell walls of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana, Chlorella water extract, CWE) was analyzed for the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related material via the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and evaluated for its growth stimulation effect on the bone marrow cells and splenocytes in vitro cell cultures. The extract contained low levels of LPS-related material, and a mass spectrum suggested that the extract contained many components, including a low level of a lipid A precursor, a compound known as lipid X, which is known to elicit a positive response in the LAL assay. Treatment with the CWE dose- and time-dependently stimulated the growth of mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) and splenocytes (SPLs). Treatment with the CWE also increased specific BMC subpopulations, including antigen-presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophages), and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but decreased the number of LY6G+ granulocytes. Treatment with the CWE also increased cytokine mRNA associated with T cell activation, including TNFα, IFNγ, and granzyme B in human lymphoblasts. The present study indicates that the cell wall fraction of C.sorokiniana contains an LPS-like material and suggests a candidate source for the bioactivity that stimulates growth of both innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Mary Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (M.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (M.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Mayme Loyd
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Ravindra Thakkar
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Morgan Phillips
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Nicole Robben
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Deepa Upreti
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Ayaka Nakashima
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (A.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (A.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Comer
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(785)-532-4825; Fax: +1-(785)-532-4557
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Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, El-Kholy SS, Dahran N, El Bohy KM, Moustafa GG, Saber TM, Metwally MMM, Gaber RA, Alqahtani LS, Mostafa-Hedeab G, El-Shetry ES. Scrutinizing pathways of Nicotine effect on renal Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing Mice: role of Chlorella vulgaris. Gene 2022; 837:146697. [PMID: 35764235 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is one of several physiologically stable and active chemicals found in tobacco. The mechanism through which nicotine causes kidney damage is still obscure. As a result, the goal of this research was to investigate how oral nicotine intake can lead to kidney damage. Naturaly occurring superfood green algae are immense supplements help us using extra chemicals during cancer prevalence if the patient is exposed to nicotine. Hence, the mitigating role of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) against nicotine-nephrotoxic impact in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice was studied. For this purpose, four groups of Swiss female mice were assigned, nicotine group (NIC) (100 µg/ml/kg), CVE group (100 mg/kg), CVE+Nicotine, and a control group. Renal dysfunction was evaluated by estimating serum biomarkers ofrenal damage. The expression pattern of Nf-KB, MAPK, P53, and α7-nAchR, lipid peroxidation biomarker, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in kidney tissue. Also, micro-morphometric examination and apoptosis immunohistochemical reactivity of kidney tissue were applied. The obtained results indicated up-regulation of all estimated genes and oxidative stress. Moreover, a significant (P<0.05) increment in the apoptotic marker Caspase-3 and declined BCL-2 proteins were recorded. In serum, a significant (P<0.05) elevation of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Kim-1 were evident. Histological investigation reinforced the aforementioned data, revealing structural changes involving the tubules, glomeruli, and interstitium of mice kidneys. CVE may be a strong contender for protecting renal tissue damage since it reduces renal tissue injury and oxidative stress. Cancer patients who regularly use nicotine through direct smoking or second-hand exposure can benefit from CVE usage as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Sanad S El-Kholy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Sustained Functioning Impairments and Oxidative Stress with Neurobehavioral Dysfunction Associated with Oral Nicotine Exposure in the Brain of a Murine Model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma: Modifying the Antioxidant Role of Chlorella vulgaris. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020279. [PMID: 35205143 PMCID: PMC8869302 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nicotine is the major psychoactive component considered to underlie tobacco’s addictive nature, and its dependence has been linked to several drawbacks on behavior and brain health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms triggered by oral nicotine that cause brain tissue damage, as well as the supportive role of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae supplementation in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. The results revealed pronounced neurobehavioral alterations, increased mortality rate, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and augmented inflammatory response in the brain tissue alongside the microstructural alteration caused by nicotine. Chlorella vulgaris was quite successful in reducing the negative effects of nicotine. It acts as an antioxidant anti-inflammatory and restores nearly normal tissue architectures. As a result, we believe it should be supplemented to cancer patients consuming regular nicotine doses. Abstract Background: This study provides a model for studying the mechanism(s) responsible for the nervous tissue damage and misfunctioning that occurred due to oral nicotine exposure, considered a stress factor, during the presence of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing in the mouse model (EAC). The mitigating role of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) against nicotine-induced brain damage was evaluated. Methods: Eighty Swiss female mice were classified into four groups, these were the control, the CV group, the nicotine group(100 µg/kg), and the combination group. Oxidant/antioxidant status, proinflammatory cytokines levels, DNA damage, quantitative microscopical lesions, and Caspase 3, Bcl-2 proteins were assessed in the current study. Levels of dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also evaluated. Results: Nicotine was found to cause pronounced neurobehavioral alterations, increase the mortalities oxidative stress DNA damage, and augment the inflammatory response in brain tissue alongside the microstructural alteration. The administration of CV with nicotine in EAC-bearing mice rescued the detrimental effects of nicotine. Conclusions: CV aids in reducing the harmful effects of nicotine and returns the conditions caused by nicotine to near-control levels. Thus, we are in favor of giving it to cancer patients who are taking daily dosages of nicotine even by smoking cigarettes or being exposed to second-hand smoke.
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Mohseni F, Moosavi Zenooz A. Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris with alum and pH adjustment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1112-1120. [PMID: 34036645 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, a group of photosynthetic microorganisms, are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production, but their biomass retrieval is a challenging task. Flocculation is a feasible method for dewatering and harvesting microalgae biomass. In the current study, the effect of alum flocculation on Chlorella vulgaris biomass retrieval has been studied. Alum structural changes with pH were led to a full factorial design to address the effect of this chemical structure changes at different pH values. It is observed that the best flocculation efficiency could be achieved in the natural pH value of C. vulgaris growth medium (8.2) with less than 0.5 g/L flocculant addition, which would lead to the flocculation efficiency of more than 90%. An ensemble architecture of neural networks successfully employed for flocculation modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Mohseni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Demir I, Blockx J, Dague E, Guiraud P, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Formosa-Dague C. Nanoscale Evidence Unravels Microalgae Flocculation Mechanism Induced by Chitosan. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8446-8459. [PMID: 35019616 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising resource for biofuel production, although their industrial use is limited by the lack of effective harvesting techniques. Flocculation consists in the aggregation and adhesion of cells into flocs that can be more easily removed from water than individual cells. Although it is an efficient harvesting technique, contamination is a major issue as chemical flocculants are often used. An alternative is to use natural biopolymers flocculants such as chitosan. Chitosan is a biobased nontoxic polymer that has been effectively used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris cells at a pH lower than its pKa (6.5). While the reported flocculation mechanism is said to rely on electrostatic interactions between chitosan and the negative cell surface, no molecular evidence has yet confirmed this mechanism. In this study, we performed force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the interactions between C. vulgaris cells and chitosan at the molecular scale to decipher its flocculation mechanism. Our results showed that at pH 6, chitosan interacts with C. vulgaris cell wall through biological interactions rather than electrostatic interactions. These observations were confirmed by comparing the data with cationically modified cellulose nanocrystals, for which the flocculation mechanism, relying on an electrostatic patch mechanism, has already been described for C. vulgaris. Further AFM experiments also showed that a different mechanism was at play at higher pH, based on chitosan precipitation. Thus, this AFM-based approach highlights the complexity of chitosan-induced flocculation mechanisms for C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Demir
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jonas Blockx
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Cécile Formosa-Dague
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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11
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Reimann R, Zeng B, Jakopec M, Burdukiewicz M, Petrick I, Schierack P, Rödiger S. Classification of dead and living microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by bioimage informatics and machine learning. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Ishiguro S, Upreti D, Robben N, Burghart R, Loyd M, Ogun D, Le T, Delzeit J, Nakashima A, Thakkar R, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Comer J, Tamura M. Water extract from Euglena gracilis prevents lung carcinoma growth in mice by attenuation of the myeloid-derived cell population. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110166. [PMID: 32361165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The partially purified water extract from Euglena gracilis (EWE) was evaluated for its antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell cultures and in a mouse orthotopic lung carcinoma allograft model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the EWE treatment inhibited cell growth of both murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and human lung carcinoma cells (A549 and H1299) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs), but not mouse splenocytes (SPLs), was stimulated by the treatment with EWE. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, spheroid growth of LLC cells was significantly attenuated by EWE treatment. In a mouse LLC orthotopic allograft model, pretreatment with EWE (150-200 mg/kg/day, via drinking water) three weeks prior to the LLC cell inoculation, but not post-treatment after LLC cell inoculation, significantly attenuated the growth of LLC tumors in immunocompetent syngeneic mouse lung. This tumor growth attenuation coincided with a significant decrease in the population of myeloid-derived cells, primarily neutrophils. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the EWE treatment significantly attenuated growth of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSC) in BMCs and that this decrease was due to induction of gMDSC-specific apoptosis and differentiation of monocytic MDSCs (mMDSC) to macrophages. The present study provides evidence that EWE pretreatment inhibits lung carcinoma growth mainly by stimulating host antitumor immunity through attenuation of growth of gMDSCs and decreasing the number of peripheral granulocytes. This study suggests that the partially purified extract derived from Euglena gracilis contains significant bioactive materials that prevent lung carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Deepa Upreti
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Nicole Robben
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Riley Burghart
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Mayme Loyd
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Damilola Ogun
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Tran Le
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Jennifer Delzeit
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Arashi Nakashima
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Ravindra Thakkar
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | | | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan.
| | - Jeffrey Comer
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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Ishiguro S, Robben N, Burghart R, Cote P, Greenway S, Thakkar R, Upreti D, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Comer J, Tamura M. Cell Wall Membrane Fraction of Chlorella sorokiniana Enhances Host Antitumor Immunity and Inhibits Colon Carcinoma Growth in Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735419900555. [PMID: 32009489 PMCID: PMC7288830 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419900555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A colon cancer growth inhibitor partially purified from the isolated cell wall
membrane fraction of Chlorella sorokiniana, here referred to as
Chlorella membrane factor (CMF), was evaluated for its
antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and in a colon carcinoma
mouse model. The CMF treatment dose- and time-dependently inhibited colon
carcinoma cell growth in 2-dimensional cultures. Treatment with CMF also
significantly inhibited the growth of colon carcinoma spheroids in 3-dimensional
cell culture in coculture with T lymphocytes. In a mouse CT26 colon carcinoma
peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of CMF (10 or 30 mg
dry weight/kg body weight, every other day) dose-dependently and significantly
attenuated the growth of tumor nodules via induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Evaluation of immune cell populations in ascites showed that CMF treatment
tended to increase T lymphocytes but lower granulocyte populations. The present
study suggests that the cell wall membrane fraction of Chlorella
sorokiniana contains a bioactive material that inhibits colon
carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and stimulation of host
antitumor immunity. Hence, it is suggested that the Chlorella
cell wall membrane extract or a bioactive substance in the extract is an
attractive complementary medicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paige Cote
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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A bibliometric-based analysis of the high-value application of Chlorella. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:106. [PMID: 32095420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This bibliometric-based review analyses the trends in 1010 published articles (1990 to mid-2018) on the high-value application of Chlorella, and illustrates the evolution and latest tendencies at a global level by the number of publications and their distribution, issuing institutions and countries or regions, the sources and research direction, as well as the core-author and keywords. The results demonstrated that there is a burst in terms of the number of articles, and China, USA, Mexico, and Japan are the dominant countries in this area. The most relevant journals with this subject are Bioresource Technology and Hydrobiology, and the research mainly focuses on marine and freshwater biology, biotechnology and applied microbiology, energy and fuels, food science and technology, and environmental sciences. Overall, bibliometric analysis has shown that Chlorella application research is a very active field, and the future research will be conducted into construction of genetic engineering algae, high-density and low-cost culture systems, efficient harvesting and separation techniques, effective energy conversion, integrated photo-bioreactors, and molecular biology technology. Wastewater treatment, CO2 bio-fixation, biomass production, and biosynthesis of useful substances by cultivating microalgae are promising research fields.
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Abdellaoui N, Kim MJ, Choi TJ. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression in Chlorella vulgaris under salt stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:141. [PMID: 31463611 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is an important freshwater alga that is widely used as a food source for humans and animals. High-salinity environments can cause accumulation of lipids and proteins in this species, but the mechanism of this accumulation and the salt response remain unclear. In this work, transcriptome analysis was performed for the C. vulgaris response to salt stress (1% and 3% NaCl) applied for different times (2 h and 4 h). In total, 5232 and 9196 were differentially expressed after 1% NaCl for 2 and 4 h, and 3968 and 9035 unigenes were differentially expressed after 3% NaCl for 2 and 4 h, respectively. The number of upregulated genes after 4 h of salinity stress was greater than the number of downregulated genes, suggesting that the alteration of gene expression may be related to a mechanism of adaptation to a high-salinity environment. Furthermore, gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that numerous biological pathways are affected by salt stress. Among the upregulated pathways, the cytoplasmic calcium signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of homeostasis, was highly upregulated. Genes involved in the photosystem I light-harvesting pathway were downregulated under salt stress. These results provide foundational information on the effects of salt stress on C. vulgaris metabolism and its possible mechanism of surviving high concentrations of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najib Abdellaoui
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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Isolation and Growth Characterization of the Fresh Water Algae Chlorosarcinopsis Eremi on Different Growth Media. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Muszyńska B, Krakowska A, Lazur J, Jękot B, Zimmer Ł, Szewczyk A, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Poleszak E, Opoka W. Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, lutein, and bioelements of preparations containing Chlorella vulgaris in artificial digestive juices. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 30:1629-1640. [PMID: 29899597 PMCID: PMC5982441 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck is a spherical, green alga belonging to the genus Chlorella and family Chlorellaceae. It has high nutritional value and shows multiple biological effects. Dietary supplements that contain extracts of C. vulgaris are sold in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, and aqueous solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the content of bioelements (zinc, iron, and magnesium), phenolic compounds, and lutein before and after incubation with artificial digestive juices from preparations containing C. vulgaris. In this study, we used commercial preparations in the form of powder and tablets. The samples were incubated in artificial gastric juice and then in artificial intestinal juice for 30 and 90 min. The contents of bioelements were determined by using the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method. Lutein and phenolic compounds were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. We also aimed to evaluate the quality of chlorella-containing formulations by using the methods described in the European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. According to the results, the preparations containing C. vulgaris demonstrated the presence of phenolic compounds and lutein. Therefore, daily supplementation of preparations containing C. vulgaris substantiates its usefulness for humans. The qualitative composition of the examined organic substances and bioelements was found to be in accordance with the manufacturer's declarations on the packaging containing C. vulgaris compared with the control samples; however, the contents of bioelements were found to be negligible after incubation with artificial digestive juices. This shows that the examined preparations containing C. vulgaris are not good sources of bioelements such as zinc, iron, or magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Lazur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Jękot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Zimmer
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Ishiguro S, Uppalapati D, Goldsmith Z, Robertson D, Hodge J, Holt H, Nakashima A, Turner K, Tamura M. Exopolysaccharides extracted from Parachlorella kessleri inhibit colon carcinoma growth in mice via stimulation of host antitumor immune responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175064. [PMID: 28380056 PMCID: PMC5381895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly purified extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides) from Parachlorella kessleri (PCEPS) were evaluated on their antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and mouse colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the PCEPS treatment inhibited cell growth of both murine and human colon carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse splenocytes (SPLs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were stimulated by the treatment with PCEPS. The treatment with PCEPS also increased specific subpopulations of the cells in BMCs: antigen presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophage) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, spheroid growth of CT26 cells co-cultured with HL-60 human neutrophilic promyeloblasts and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblasts), but not THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage was significantly attenuated by PCEPS treatment. In a mouse CT26 colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of PCEPS (10 mg/kg, twice per week) significantly attenuated the growth of CT26 colon carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The present study suggests that PCEPS inhibits colon carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and a stimulation of the host antitumor immune responses. Taken together, the current study suggests that exopolysaccharides derived from Parachlorella kessleri contain significant bioactive materials that inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zachary Goldsmith
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dana Robertson
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jacob Hodge
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hayley Holt
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Arashi Nakashima
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katie Turner
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Effects of Chlorella vulgaris on tumor growth in mammary tumor-bearing Balb/c mice: discussing association of an immune-suppressed protumor microenvironment with serum IFNγ and IgG decrease and spleen IgG potentiation. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1025-1044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sheeja K, Kuttan G. Modulation of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, and Antibody-Dependent Complement-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Andrographolide in Normal and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 6:66-73. [PMID: 17351028 DOI: 10.1177/1534735406298975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses is highly relevant in tumor cell destruction. The present study is focused on the effect of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and its isolated compound andrographolide (ANDLE) on cell-mediated immune responses in normal and tumor-bearing control animals. Treatment with APE and ANDLE significantly enhanced natural killer cell activity in normal (APE, 46.82% cell lysis; ANDLE, 40.79% cell lysis) and tumor-bearing animals (APE, 48.66% cell lysis; ANDLE, 42.19% cell lysis) on the fifth day, and it was observed earlier than in tumor-bearing control animals (12.89% cell lysis on day 9). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was also increased in APE (45.17% cell lysis on day 11) as well as ANDLE (39.92% cell lysis on day 11)-treated normal and tumor-bearing animals (APE, 47.39% cell lysis; ANDLE, 41.48% cell lysis on day 11) compared to untreated tumor-bearing control animals (maximum of 11.76% cell lysis on day 17). An early enhancement of antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity was also observed by the administration of APE and ANDLE in normal as well as tumor-bearing animals. APE and ANDLE administration could significantly enhance the mitogen-induced proliferation of splenocyte, thymocyte, and bone marrow cells. Moreover, treatment of APE and ANDLE significantly elevated the production of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ in normal and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sheeja
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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21
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Kumar R, Kumar N, Ramalingayya GV, Setty MM, Pai KSR. Evaluation of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner bark extracts for in vitro cytotoxicity on cancer cells and in vivo antitumor activity in solid and liquid tumor models. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:1909-23. [PMID: 27456242 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem bark of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner is claimed to be useful in the treatment of tumors in the southern part of India. This plant possesses a number of sesquiterpenoids and isoflavones which are known for their anticancer properties. The present study was designed to scientifically evaluate the cytotoxic potential of bark extracts in in vitro on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), MCF-7 and B16F10 cells and in vivo in EAC (Liquid tumor) model and Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA or solid tumor) model. The bark was powdered and extracted successively with solvents viz., petroleum ether (PE), benzene, chloroform, acetone (AC), and ethyl alcohol in the sequential order of polarity. Cytotoxicity of dried extracts was screened on EAC cells by trypan blue assay. Three potent extracts namely petroleum ether, acetone, and ethanol were screened for their cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and B16F10 cells by MTT assay and nucleomorphological alteration by propidium iodide staining. Safe doses of these extracts were evaluated by acute toxicity study in mice. Extracts were found to be safe up to 300 mg/kg in acute toxicity study. Dosage of 1/10th and 1/20th of safe dose i.e., 15 and 30 mg/kg were selected for in vivo study. In the EAC model, both doses of the extracts showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in mean survival time and a maximum decline in tumor induced increase in body weight (an indirect measure of tumor weight) by the PE and AC treatment at 15 mg/kg compared to control. In the DLA-model, all extracts at both tested dose levels showed >50 % reduction in tumor weight and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in tumor volume on the 30th day compared to control. It can be concluded that these extracts possess cytotoxic and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Grandhi V Ramalingayya
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manganahalli Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Karkala Sreedhara Rangnath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Yan L, Lim SU, Kim IH. Effect of fermented chlorella supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbial and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1742-7. [PMID: 25049540 PMCID: PMC4094164 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 96 growing pigs ((Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc; BW = 26.58±1.41 kg) were used in a 6-wk feeding trail to evaluate the effects of fermented chlorella (FC) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbial and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) negative control (NC), basal diet (without antibiotics); ii) positive control (PC), NC+0.05% tylosin; iii) (fermented chlorella 01) FC01, NC+0.1% FC, and iv) fermented chlorella 02 (FC02), NC+0.2% FC. In this study, feeding pigs PC or FC01 diets led to a higher average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter (DM) digestibility than those fed NC diet (p<0.05), whereas the inclusion of FC02 diet did not affect the ADG and DM compared with the NC group. No difference (p>0.05) was observed on the body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, the apparent total tract digestibility of N and energy throughout the experiment. The inclusion of PC or FC did not affect the blood characteristics (p>0.05). Moreover, dietary FC treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration and lower E. coli concentration than the NC treatment, whereas the antibiotic supplementation only decreased the E. coli concentration. Pigs fed FC or PC diet had reduced (p<0.05) fecal NH3 and H2S content compared with those fed NC diet. In conclusion, our results indicated that the inclusion of FC01 treatment could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial shedding (lower E. coli and higher lactobacillus), and decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs when compared with the group fed the basal diet. In conclusion, dietary FC could be considered as a good source of supplementation in growing pigs because of its growth promoting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yan
- Ace M&F Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - S U Lim
- Ace M&F Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Ace M&F Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
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Vecina JF, Oliveira AG, Araujo TG, Baggio SR, Torello CO, Saad MJA, Queiroz MLDS. Chlorella modulates insulin signaling pathway and prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Life Sci 2014; 95:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Souza Queiroz J, Barbosa CMV, da Rocha MC, Bincoletto C, Paredes-Gamero EJ, de Souza Queiroz ML, Palermo Neto J. Chlorella vulgaris treatment ameliorates the suppressive effects of single and repeated stressors on hematopoiesis. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:39-50. [PMID: 23246529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reports regarding the mutual influence between the central nervous system and the immune system constitute a vast and somewhat controversial body of literature. Stress is known to disturb homeostasis, impairing immunological functions. In this study, we investigated the hematopoietic response of Chlorella vulgaris (CV)-treated mice exposed to single (SST) and repeated stress (RST). We observed a reduction in the numbers of hematopoietic progenitors (HP) in the bone marrow and long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) using flow cytometry and a coinciding decrease in the number of granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) after treatment with both stressors, but SST caused a more profound suppression. We observed a proportional increase in the colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of the serum of animals subjected to SST or RST. In the bone marrow, SST and RST induced a decrease in both mature myeloid and lymphoid populations but did not affect pluripotent hematopoietic progenitors (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+), LSK), and again, a more profound suppression was observed after SST. We further quantified the levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the number of myeloid cells in LTBMC. Both SST and RST reduced the levels of these cytokines to similar degrees. The myeloid population was also reduced in LTBMC, and SST induced a more intense suppression. Importantly, CV treatment prevented the changes produced by SST and RST in all of the parameters evaluated. Together, our results suggest that CV treatment is an effective tool for the prophylaxis of myelosuppression caused by single or repeated stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Souza Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Grupo de pesquisa em Neuroimunomodulação, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Christiano M V Barbosa
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle C da Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mary L de Souza Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - João Palermo Neto
- Grupo de pesquisa em Neuroimunomodulação, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Queiroz ML, da Rocha MC, Torello CO, de Souza Queiroz J, Bincoletto C, Morgano MA, Romano MR, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Barbosa CM, Calgarotto AK. Chlorella vulgaris restores bone marrow cellularity and cytokine production in lead-exposed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2934-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Souza Queiroz J, Torello CO, Palermo-Neto J, Valadares MC, Queiroz MLS. Hematopoietic response of rats exposed to the impact of an acute psychophysiological stressor on responsiveness to an in vivo challenge with Listeria monocytogenes: modulation by Chlorella vulgaris prophylactic treatment. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:1056-1065. [PMID: 18420376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the hematopoietic response of rats pretreated with CV and exposed to the impact of acute escapable, inescapable or psychogenical stress on responsiveness to an in vivo challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. No consistent changes were observed after exposure to escapable footshock. Conversely, the impact of uncontrollable stress (inescapable and psychogenical) was manifested by an early onset and increased severity and duration of myelossuppression produced by the infection. Small size CFU-GM colonies and increased numbers of clusters were observed, concurrently to a greater expansion in the more mature population of bone marrow granulocytes. No differences were observed between the responses of both uncontrollable stress regimens. CV prevented the myelossuppression caused by stress/infection due to increased numbers of CFU-GM in the bone marrow. Colonies of cells tightly packed, with a very condensed nucleus; in association with a greater expansion in the more immature population of bone marrow granulocytes were observed. Investigation of the production of colony-stimulating factors revealed increased colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the serum of normal and infected/stressed rats treated with the algae. CV treatment restored/enhanced the changes produced by stress/infection in total and differential bone marrow and peripheral cells counts. Further studies demonstrated that INF-gamma is significantly reduced, whereas IL-10 is significantly increased after exposure to uncontrollable stress. Treatment with CV significantly increased INF-gamma levels and diminished the levels of IL-10. Uncontrollable stress reduced the protection afforded by CV to a lethal dose of L. monocytogenes, with survival rates being reduced from (50%) in infected rats to 20% in infected/stressed rats. All together, our results suggest Chlorella treatment as an effective tool for the prophylaxis of post-stress myelossupression, including the detrimental effect of stress on the course and outcome of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Souza Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia and Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6111, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada e Toxicologia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Okuda Torello
- Departamento de Farmacologia and Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6111, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada e Toxicologia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marize C Valadares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mary L S Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia and Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6111, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Wang HY, Zeng XB, Guo SY, Li ZT. Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation-cultured Chlorella vulgaris. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:39-46. [PMID: 17694535 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of magnetic fields (MF) on growth of microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, which has been consumed as health food for various nutritional and pharmacological effects. This preliminary study investigated whether static MF can modulate the antioxidant system in C. vulgaris by exposing the cells to static MF generated by dual yoke electromagnets with magnetic flux density of 10-50 mT for 12 h. After exposure to 10-35 mT for 12 h, the activity of superoxide dismutases and peroxidase increased significantly compared to control cells. However, a remarkable increase of catalase activity occurred at 45 and 50 mT. The lipid peroxidation of algae cells determined by production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was much increased when exposed to 35, 45, and 50 mT of MF. The scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was decreased markedly while there was no variation of total carotenoids content in C. vulgaris cells. Assay of specific growth rate in 72 h cultivation after MF exposure was also conducted. In groups after exposure to 10-35 mT of MF, specific growth rate was significantly increased. These results suggest that 10-35 mT of static MF exposure could promote the growth of C. vulgaris and regulate its antioxidant defense system to protect cells efficiently, which could possibly enhance the growth of C. vulgaris in industrialized cultivation by MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.
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Janczyk P, Franke H, Souffrant W. Nutritional value of Chlorella vulgaris: Effects of ultrasonication and electroporation on digestibility in rats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Queiroz MLS, Valadares MC, Bincoletto C, Dieamant GC. Ehrlich Ascites Tumor as a Tool in the Development of Compounds with Immunomodulatory Properties. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:511-25. [PMID: 15658602 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200042289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In previous works, we have demonstrated that the myeloprotective properties of several natural and synthetic compounds are partly responsible for their antitumor activity in the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) model. In this work, we present information that may be useful to the study of pharmacological and toxicological properties of compounds that affect the hematological compartment. Clonogenic studies in EAT-inoculated mice demonstrated a rapid decrease in bone marrow CFU-GM, whereas a progressive increase in splenic CFU-GM and cellularity was observed, followed by splenomegaly. Bone marrow cellularity declined on the third day after tumor challenge, returning to normal values thereafter. Serum from EAT-bearing mice produced detectable colony-stimulating activity in vitro. Similar results were observed with the conditioned medium from Ehrlich tumor cell cultures, but not with the cell-free Ehrlich tumor ascitic fluid. Tumor inoculation also resulted in a more striking depletion in the number of non-adherent cells in long-term bone marrow cell cultures (LTBMCs) with no bone marrow stroma formation. We speculate that the physiological alterations induced by the EAT growth can be used to assess the ability of compounds to modulate the hematopoietic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L S Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia/Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Souza Queiroz J, Malacrida SA, Justo GZ, Queiroz MLS. Myelopoietic Response in Mice Exposed to Acute Cold/Restraint Stress: Modulation by Chlorella vulgaris Prophylactic Treatment. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:455-67. [PMID: 15518178 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200026914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hematopoietic cells from mice pretreated with CVE and exposed to acute cold/restraint stress were stimulated in the presence of growth factors to form colonies, thus providing accurate information about the modulation of the green algae of the stress-induced changes in the hematopoietic response. Our results demonstrated that exposure to acute stress affected hematopoiesis. Mice exposed for a 2.5-hour time period of cold and restraint presented diminished clonal capacity for CFU-GM content per femur, which was decreased by as much as 50% compared with that in control mice, in spite of the significant increase in serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Treatment with 50 mg/kg CVE for 5 days, previously to the stress regimen, attenuates the effects of the stress, since comparable levels of myeloid progenitors were found in the bone marrow of both CVE/stress and control mice. Moreover, the sera from stressed mice pretreated with CVE further increased the CFU-GM formation. On the contrary, the spleen seemed to be less sensitive to acute stress in our experimental conditions. These findings are in line with our previous reports showing that the stress-induced reduction in bone marrow CFU-GM of rats exposed to electric shocks is mediated by activation of the HPA axis and by secretion of opioid agonists. No changes were observed in bone marrow, spleen and thymus total cell counts, and in relative organ weights. However, a 50% reduction in the body weight loss produced by the stress was observed in mice given the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia de Souza Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia and Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Melo PS, Justo GZ, Durán N, Haun M. Natural killer cell activity and anti-tumour effects of dehydrocrotonin and its synthetic derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 487:47-54. [PMID: 15033375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the anti-tumour properties of dehydrocrotonin and its derivatives were investigated in vitro and in vivo using the Ehrlich ascites tumour model. Treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice with 20 mg/kg dehydrocrotonin for 4 days significantly increased survival, whereas administration of dehydrocrotonin derivatives was ineffective in affording protection. Compound IV exhibited little activity against Ehrlich tumour cells in vitro. Investigation of the effects of dehydrocrotonin treatment on total natural killer (NK) cell activity of tumour-bearing mice as a possible mechanism of dehydrocrotonin action in vivo revealed that this sesquiterpene lactone significantly improved NK cytotoxicity against YAC-1, a Moloney virus-induced mouse T-cell lymphoma of A/SN origin. As expected, tumour growth in non-treated mice markedly suppressed NK cell cytolysis. No effects on NK functional activity were observed in normal mice receiving dehydrocrotonin. In summary, only the natural compound exhibits anti-tumour efficacy and immunomodulatory actions in vivo, which may be related to its chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6110, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Queiroz MLS, Rodrigues APO, Bincoletto C, Figueirêdo CAV, Malacrida S. Protective effects of Chlorella vulgaris in lead-exposed mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:889-900. [PMID: 12781705 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(03)00082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) was examined for its chelating effects on the myelosuppression induced by lead in Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice. The reduction in the number of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) observed after the infection was more severe in the groups previously exposed to lead. Extramedullar hematopoiesis, which was drastically increased after the infection, was not altered by the presence of lead. Treatment with CVE, given simultaneously or following lead exposure, restored to control values the myelosuppression observed in infected/lead-exposed mice and produced a significant increase in serum colony-stimulating activity. The benefits of the CVE treatment were also evident in the recovery of thymus weight, since the reduction produced by the infection was further potentiated by lead exposure. The efficacy of CVE was evident when infected and infected/lead-exposed mice were challenged with a lethal dose of L. monocytogenes after a 10-day treatment with 50 mg/kg CVE/day, given simultaneously to the exposure to 1300 ppm lead acetate in drinking water. Survival rates of 30% for the infected group and of 20% for the infected/lead-exposed groups were observed. Evidence that these protective effects of CVE are partly due to its chelating effect was given by the changes observed in blood lead levels. We have observed in the group receiving the CVE/lead simultaneous exposure a dramatic reduction of 66.03% in blood lead levels, when compared to lead-exposed nontreated control. On the other hand, CVE treatment following lead exposure produced a much less effective chelating effect. CVE treatments for 3 or 10 days, starting 24 h following lead exposure, produced a reduction in blood lead levels of 13.5% and 17%, respectively, compared to lead-exposed nontreated controls. The significantly better response observed with the simultaneous CVE/lead administration indicates that the immunomodulation effect of CVE plays an important role in the ability of this algae to reduce blood lead levels. In this regard, additional experiments with gene knockout C57BL/6 mice lacking a functional IFN-gamma gene demonstrated that this cytokine is of paramount importance in the protection afforded by CVE. The antibacterial evaluation measured by the rate of survival demonstrated that, in face of a 100% survival in the control group composed of normal C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to L. monocytogenes, we observed no protection whatsoever in the IFN-gamma knockout C57BL/6 mice treated with CVE and inoculated with L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L S Queiroz
- Departamento de Farmacologia/Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6111, CEP 13083-970, SP, Campinas, Brazil.
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Mirandola L, Justo GZ, Queiroz MLS. Modulation by Acanthospermum australe extracts of the tumor induced hematopoietic changes in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2002; 24:275-88. [PMID: 12066853 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) model indicate that tumor progression is associated with reduced myelopoiesis and increased extramedullar hematopoiesis. In order to investigate the in vivo antitumor activity of Acanthospermum australe, its hydroalcoholic extract was partitioned with different solvents and the resulting extracts were monitored by their effects on bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in EAT-bearing mice. Oral treatment of tumor-bearing mice with 3 doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the crude hydroalcoholic extract and its chloroformic, butanolic and aqueous fractions significantly stimulated myelepoiesis and brought extramedullar hematopoiesis back to near control values. In normal mice, stimulation of myelopoiesis was only observed with the crude and the butanolic extracts. All the extracts at 500 mg/kg significantly increased survival of tumor-bearing mice, however a clear survival advantage in the group treated with the butanolic extract was observed. These results suggest that A. australe may exert effects on myelopoiesis that may be implicated in antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mirandola
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocentre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Valadares MC, Queiroz MLS. The effect of a Titanocene Dichloride derivative, Ti IV (C5H5)(2) NCS(2), on the haematopoietic response of Ehrlich tumour-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 439:35-42. [PMID: 11937090 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the [Ti IV (C(5)H(5))(2) NCS(2)] metallocene (BCDT), a Titanocene Dichloride derivative, on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)] and bone marrow cellularity in normal and Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice were studied. As expected for the Ehrlich ascites tumour-model, concomitant myelosuppression, increased number of spleen CFU-GM and changes in bone marrow cellularity were observed. The treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice with BCDT (10-30 mg/kg/day) produced a dose-dependent increase in myelopoiesis, a reduction in splenic colonies and a restoration in the total and differential marrow cell counts. We also observed an increase in CFU-GM number when bone marrow cells obtained from normal mice were incubated in vitro with serum from normal mice treated with BCDT. In addition, BCDT prolonged, in a dose-dependent manner, the survival of mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumour. Although it has been previously reported that substitutions in the two halides of the titanocene do not interfere with antitumoural effect, our results with BCDT demonstrated a reduction in antitumour efficacy when compared to previous results with the original titanocene produced in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marize C Valadares
- Departamento de Farmacologia/Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, CEP 13083-970, SP, Campinas, Brazil
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Queiroz ML, Justo GZ, Valadares MC, Pereira-da-silva FR. Evaluation of Caesalpinia ferrea extract on bone marrow hematopoiesis in the murine models of listeriosis and Ehrlich ascites tumor. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:367-82. [PMID: 11694028 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of hematopoietic tissues to produce and mobilize phagocytes to the site of infection and tumor growth is of central importance to mediate the early immunological response. In this perspective, studies from our laboratory have defined Listeria monocytogenes infection and the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) as useful models to investigate the effects of natural compounds on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). As expected, a significant reduction in the number of bone marrow CFU-GM was observed in the initial stages of infection with a sublethal dose of Listeria. Similarly, the bone marrow CFU-GM decreased sharply 4 days after the EAT transplantation. Treatment of infected and tumor-bearing mice with 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of Caesalpinia ferrea aqueous extract, given 3 times orally, significantly stimulated myelopoiesis, whereas no effects were observed with the 250 mg/kg dose. Similar results were obtained in normal mice. The administration of the two higher doses of the extract also protected 15-20% of mice from a lethal dose of Listeria and significantly prolonged survival of EAT-bearing mice. In summary, these results demonstrate that C. ferrea extract acts as a positive regulator of myelopoiesis, and suggest that the therapeutic effect of C. ferrea may be partially mediated by this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Hemocentre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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