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Kumar RS, Nalini CN. Analytical determinations of haloperidol and its combinations in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological matrices. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1866598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, India
| | - C. N. Nalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, India
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2
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Ribeiro FWP, Soares TRV, do N. Oliveira S, Melo LC, Soares JE, Becker H, De Souza D, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN. Analytical determination of nimesulide and ofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations using square-wave voltammetry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Zhao F, Fan Q, Cai H. Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of olanzapine using N-chlorosuccinimide-calcein reaction sensitized by zinc (II). LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:219-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 People's Republic of China
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Wu M, Chen D, Song Z. Study on the luminescence behavior of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin with risperidone and its analytical application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:1-9. [PMID: 22647436 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) with risperidone (RISP) was first described with luminol-SBE-β-CD chemiluminescence (CL) system by flow injection analysis (FIA). In luminol-SBE-β-CD CL system, the 1:1 SBE-β-CD···luminol(*) complexation could enhance CL intensity of luminol and produce the effect of complexation enhancement of CL (CEC). It was found that RISP could quench the CL intensity of SBE-β-CD···luminol(*) and caused the effect of complexation enhancement of quenching (CEQ), the formation constant K(R-CD) 3.4×10(4) L mol(-1) and the stoichiometric ratio 1:1 of RISP···SBE-β-CD complex were obtained by the proposed CL model. Association degree α 0.036 of RISP···SBE-β-CD complex was also given by CL method. Based on the linear relationship to the decrement of luminol-SBE-β-CD-RISP CL intensity and the logarithm of RISP concentration, RISP also can be quantified in the linear range of 3.0-500.0 nmol L(-1) with a detection limit of 1.0 nmol L(-1) (3σ). The proposed method was successfully applied to monitoring excreted RISP in human urine. It was found that RISP reached its maximum after oral administration for 1.5 h with the total excretion of 14.26% within 8.5 h; the elimination rate constant k and half-life time t(1/2) were 0.474 and 1.5 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069 Shaanxi Province, China
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Arvand M, Pourhabib A. Adsorptive Stripping Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Risperidone with a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Ionic Liquid Paste Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Patel RB, Patel BG, Patel MR, Bhatt KK. HPTLc method development and validation for analysis of risperidone in formulations, and in-vitro release study. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.22.2010.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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In vitro monitoring of picogram levels of risperidone in human urine via luminollysozyme flow injection chemiluminescence. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Johns KF, Breadmore MC, Bruno R, Haddad PR. Evaluation of Peakmaster for computer-aided multivariate optimisation of a CE separation of 17 antipsychotic drugs using minimal experimental data. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:839-47. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Non-destructive quantitative analysis of risperidone in film-coated tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:631-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Mohamed AA. Kinetic and maximum-absorbance spectrophotometric methods for the determination of olanzapine. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Hassan WES. Extractive Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Dothiepin Hydrochloride and Risperidone in Pure and in Dosage Forms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1092-6. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Shamsipur M, Shafiee-Dastgerdi L, Talebpour Z, Haghgoo S. 19F NMR as a powerful technique for the assay of anti-psychotic drug haloperidol in human serum and pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1116-21. [PMID: 17084055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
19F nuclear magnetic resonance was used as a suitable analytical tool for the identification and selective determination of haloperidol in human serum and pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the integration of appropriate signals of haloperidol and trifluoroacetic acid as an internal standard. The proposed method is a rapid and facile, while without any sample pretreatment, manipulation of large samples and lengthy instrument time. The regression equation for haloperidol in human serum showed a good linearity in the range of 60-600 microg ml(-1) with a detection limit of 1.4 microg ml(-1). The mean recovery results on human serum samples ranged from about 96-103%, with relative standard deviations <8%. The method was also applied successfully to the determination of haloperidol in real pharmaceutical samples, and compared with the results obtained by a reference method. The drug's degradation was studied by the proposed method in hydrochloric acid media and main products were identified.
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Torres-Cartas S, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Comparison between micellar liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of hydrophobic basic drugs in pharmaceutical preparations. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 21:21-8. [PMID: 17080499 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The determination of highly hydrophobic basic compounds by means of conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatographic methods has several drawbacks. Owing to the characteristics of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), these techniques could be advantageous alternatives to reversed-phase chromatographic methods for the determination of these kinds of compounds. The objective of this study was to develop and compare MLC and CE methods for the determination of antipsychotic basic drugs (amitryptiline, haloperidol, perphenazine and thioridazine) in pharmaceutical preparations. The chromatographic determination of the analytes was performed on a Kromasil C(18) analytical column; the mobile phase was 0.04 m cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), at pH 3, containing 5% 1-butanol, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The CE separation was performed in a fused-silica capillary with a 50 mm tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane buffer, pH 7, at an applied voltage of 20 kV, using barbital as internal stardard. The proposed methods are suitable for a reliable quantitation of these compounds in the commercial tablets and drops in terms of accuracy and precision and require a very simple pre-treatment of the samples. By comparing the performance characteristics and experimental details of the MLC and CE methods we conclude that CE seems to be slightly better than MLC in the determination of highly hydrophobic compounds in pharmaceuticals in terms of resolution and economy, taking into account that the limits of detection are not a handicap in pharmaceutical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Torres-Cartas
- Departmento de Quimica Analita, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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El-Sherif ZA, El-Zeany B, El-Houssini OM. High performance liquid chromatographic and thin layer densitometric methods for the determination of risperidone in the presence of its degradation products in bulk powder and in tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 36:975-81. [PMID: 15620522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two reproducible stability indicating methods were developed for the determination of risperidone (RISP) in presence of its degradation products in pure form and in tablets. The first method was based on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), on Lichrosorb RP C 18 column (250 mm i.d., 4 mm, 10 microm), using methanol:0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 7 (65:35 (v/v)) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml min(-1) at ambient temperature. Quantification was achieved with UV detection at 280 nm over a concentration range of 25-500 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recovery of 99.87 +/- 1.049. The method retained its accuracy in the presence of up to 90% of RISP degradation products. The second method was based on TLC separation of RISP from its degradation products followed by densitometric measurement of the intact drug spot at 280 nm. The separation was carried out on aluminum sheet of silica gel 60F254 using acetonitrile:methanol:propanol:triethanolamine (8.5:1.2:0.6:0.2 (v/v/v/v)), as the mobile phase, over a concentration range of 2-10 microg per spot and mean percentage recovery of 100.1 +/- 1.18. The two methods were simple, precise, sensitive and could be successfully applied for the determination of pure, laboratory prepared mixtures and tablets. The results obtained were compared with the manufacturer's method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A El-Sherif
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 6 and 7 AboHazem St. Pyramids, PO Box 29, Giza, Egypt.
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Song Z, Wang C. Sensitive chemiluminescence assay for risperidone in pharmaceutical preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:491-4. [PMID: 15522522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method to determine the antipsychotic risperidone (RSP) is proposed, based on the catalytic effect of risperidone on the CL reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide in flow system. The increment of CL intensity was correlated with risperidone concentration in the range of 10pg ml(-1) to 1.0ng ml(-1) with a relative standard deviation of less than 5.0% (n = 5); and a limit of detection of 4pg ml(-1) (3sigma). At a flow rate of 2.0ml min(-1), the flow injection CL method exhibited both high sensitivity and excellent selectivity giving a throughput of 120 samples per hour. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of risperidone in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Ho YH, Ko WK, Kou HS, Wu HL, Wu SM. Field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of clozapine, clozapine N-oxide, and desmethylclozapine in schizophrenics’ plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 809:111-6. [PMID: 15282100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A method of field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis is described for the simultaneous determination of clozapine (CZP) and its metabolites, clozapine N-oxide (CNO), and desmethylclozapine (DMC), in human plasma. Plasma (0.2 mL) was extracted with organic solvents (ethyl acetate/n-hexane/isopropyl alcohol, 8/1/1 by volume) and centrifuged. An aliquot of supernatant was evaporated and suitably reconstituted with water for CE analysis. An untreated fused-silica capillary was used (31.2 cm; effective length, 20 cm; 50 microm i.d.) for the analysis. The background buffer was phosphate buffer (400 mM, pH 3.0) containing 50% ethylene glycol. The separation voltage was 25 kV with a detection wavelength of 214 nm. In the method validation, the calibration curves were linear (r > or = 0.98) over a range of 50-800 ng/mL for CZP, 30-180 ng/mL for CNO, and 25-600 ng/mL for DMC. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and relative error (R.E.) were all less than 11% for the intra- and inter-day assays. The limits of detection (S/N = 3, electric-driven injection, 99.9s) of CZP, DMC, and CNO were 5, 5, and 10 ng/mL, respectively. After continuing treatment with the CZP tablets, a blood sample from one male schizophrenic patient (41-year-old, 62 kg) who had been receiving ongoing treatment with the CZP tablets was prepared and analyzed. The levels of CZP, DMC, and CNO were determined and the feasibility of the method's application in clinical treatment was proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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17
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Hillaert S, Snoeck L, Van den Bossche W. Optimization and validation of a capillary zone electrophoretic method for the simultaneous analysis of four atypical antipsychotics. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1033:357-62. [PMID: 15088758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoretic method has been developed and optimized for separation of four atypical antipsychotics (AAPs): clothiapine (cT), clozapine (cZ), olanzapine (O), and quetiapine (Q). A three-level full-factorial design was applied to study the effect of the pH and molarity of the running buffer on separation. Combination of the studied parameters permitted the separation of the four AAPs, which was best carried out using 80 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.5). The same system can also be applied for the quantitative determination of these compounds. The method was then validated regarding linearity, precision, and accuracy. Especially, the possibility of simultaneous quantification and identification of the active ingredient in the finished product is very attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hillaert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Jasiñska A, Nalewajko E. Batch and flow-injection methods for the spectrophotometric determination of olanzapine. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Pucci V, Mandrioli R, Ferranti A, Furlanetto S, Augusta Raggi M. Quality control of commercial tablets containing the novel antipsychotic quetiapine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:1037-44. [PMID: 12899991 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quetiapine (bis [2-(2-[4-(dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-yl]ethoxy)ethanol]fumarate) is the most recent agent introduced on the drug market for the treatment of psychotic disorders. Two different analytical methods for the quality control of quetiapine in commercial formulations have been developed and compared: a spectrophotometric method and a capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method. The spectrophotometric assay was carried out measuring the absorbance at a wavelength of 246 nm. The CZE method used an uncoated fused-silica capillary and a pH 2.5, 50 mM phosphate buffer as the background electrolyte. The detection wavelength was 205 nm, the separation voltage was 15 kV, and a complete electrophoretic run lasts less than 2.5 min. Extraction of quetiapine from the commercial tablets consisted of a simple one-step treatment with a pH 2.5, 50 mM phosphate buffer. Linearity was observed in the 5-25 microg ml(-1) concentration range of quetiapine for the spectrophotometric method, and in the 5-50 microg ml(-1) concentration range for the electrophoretic method. Both methods gave satisfactory results in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD<1.9%). Also accuracy values were very good for both methods, the recovery being between 98.2 and 100.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Pucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Bıryol İ, Erk N. Voltammetric, Spectrophotometric, and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Olanzapine. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Recent Development in the Chemistry of Pyrido-oxazines, Pyrido-thiazines, Pyrido-diazines and Their Benzologs. Part 2. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(03)85003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Trabelsi H, Bouabdallah S, Bouzouita K, Safta F. Determination and degradation study of haloperidol by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 29:649-57. [PMID: 12093494 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A specific, high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of haloperidol, together with an adequate separation of its degradation products. The method is based on the use of an octadecylsilane stationary phase column under isocratic conditions. The mobile phase consisted of 50 mM sodium phosphate monobasic pH 2.5-acetonitrile-THF-TEA (63:34:3:0.1, v/v/v/v) adjusted with o-phosphoric acid to a pH of 2.5. The degradation was performed in hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The main degradation products were identified. Application of the assay of haloperidol in tablet formulations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Trabelsi
- Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Médicaments, 11 bis, rue jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Simultaneous determination of clozapine, clozapine N-oxide, N-desmethylclozapine, risperidone, and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Raggi MA, Bugamelli F, Sabbioni C, Ferranti A, Fanali S, Volterra V. Analysis of reboxetine, a novel antidepressant drug, in pharmaceutical tablets by capillary electrophoresis and derivative spectrophotometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:209-15. [PMID: 11682228 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent antidepressant drug reboxetine was quantified in pharmaceutical tablets by derivative spectrophotometry and capillary zone electrophoresis. The feasible sample pretreatment consists of a single extraction with a pH 2.5 phosphate buffer, centrifugation and dilution. For the spectrophotometric assay, the fourth derivative of the absorbance was used which gave satisfactory results in terms of accuracy (mean recovery 99.7%) and precision (mean RSD 3.4%). The electrophoretic experiments were carried out using the shortest effective length of the capillary (8.5 cm) in order to obtain a very rapid separation of reboxetine and dibenzepine used as the internal standard. Using a pH 2.5, 50 mM phosphate buffer as the background electrolyte, each analysis lasted less than 2.5 min. Accuracy (101.3%) and precision (1.5%) were very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Raggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Raggi MA, Casamenti G, Mandrioli R, Izzo G, Kenndler E. Quantitation of olanzapine in tablets by HPLC, CZE, derivative spectrometry and linear voltammetry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:973-81. [PMID: 11095298 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Four analytical methods have been developed for the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations containing the novel antipsychotic drug, olanzapine: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), derivative spectrometry and linear voltammetry. All methods require only a simple extraction procedure of olanzapine from the tablets before analysis. HPLC with ultraviolet detection at 260 nm is carried out with a C8 column and a mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile and aqueous tetramethylammonium perchlorate. CZE is performed in an uncoated capillary with phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, as the background electrolyte, with UV detection at 214 nm. Spectrophotometry uses the derivative of the spectrum at 298 nm. In linear voltammetric method (LSV) the current intensity of the oxidation wave at +495 mV is measured. All methods gave similar results in terms of precision and accuracy. For HPLC and CZE, repeatability and intermediate precision, expressed by the RSD was better than 1.8%. The accuracy, resulting from recovery experiments, was between 99.9 and 101.1%. Spectrometry and voltammetry gave slightly higher RSD values (up to 2.9%) and a larger variation of the accuracy (the recovery was between 97.8 and 102.6%). However, the requirements for quantitative analysis are fulfilled for all methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Raggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Raggi MA, Casamenti G, Mandrioli R, Sabbioni C, Volterra V. A rapid LC method for the identification and determination of CNS drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:161-7. [PMID: 10898166 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant, neuroleptic and antiepileptic drugs were identified and determined in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets, capsules and oral solutions) by a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method. The sample pretreatment consisted of a one-step extraction, filtration and dilution. The chromatographic conditions were: reversed-phase C8 column (150 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm); acetonitrile-tetramethylammonium perchlorate aqueous solution (pH 2.8; 12.6 mM) (45:55, v/v) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength, 230 nm. Calibration curves were linear in the 100-1000 ng ml(-1) range for all tested drugs except for phenobarbital. The repeatability (or intra-day precision), expressed by the relative standard deviation, was better than 2.0%. The accuracy, resulting from recovery studies, was between 98.1 and 101.3%. The amount of drug found agreed with the declared content within the limits specified by United States Pharmacopeia and British Pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Raggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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