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Wismayer R, Kiwanuka J, Wabinga H, Odida M. Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Uganda: a case-control study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:88. [PMID: 38898481 PMCID: PMC11186163 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-income countries in East Africa have a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than high-income countries; however, the incidence has steadily increased in the last few decades. In Uganda, the extent to which genetic and environmental factors, particularly dietary factors, contribute to the aetiology of CRC is unclear. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the relationship between dietary factors and CRC in Uganda. METHODS We conducted a case-control study and recruited 128 cases and 256 controls, matched for age (± 5 years) and sex. Data regarding the frequency of consumption of the dietary factors were obtained from all the participants using an interview-based questionnaire. The potential dietary risk factors and protective factors evaluated included the type and frequency of meat consumed and the type and frequency of high-fibre foods consumed. The frequency was either 4 or more times/week, 2-3 times/week, once/week or never. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratios associated with the different risk and protective factors. RESULTS The median age (IQR) for the case participants was 55.5 (43-67.5) years, and that of the control participants was 54 (42-65) years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1 for all the participants. Factors significantly associated with CRC cases included:- the consumption of boiled beef 2-3 times/week (aOR:3.24; 95% CI: 1.08-9.69; p < 0.035). Consumption of high-fibre foods, including:- millet for ≥ 4 times/week (aOR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.62; p = 0.003)), spinach for ≥ 4 times/week (aOR:0.32; 95% CI: 0.11-0.97; p = 0.043), and potatoes 2-3 times/week (aOR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.09-0.97; p = 0.044), were protective against CRC. Boiled cassava showed a tendency to reduce the likelihood of CRC when consumed ≥ 4 times/week (aOR:0.38; 95% CI: 0.12-1.18) however this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of boiled beef increases the risk of CRC, while the intake of high-fibre foods may reduce the risk of CRC among Ugandans. We recommend nutritional educational programmes to increase public awareness regarding the protective role of a high-fibre diet and to limit the intake of cooked meat in our Ugandan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wismayer
- Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University for Science and Technology, Masaka, Uganda.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Julius Kiwanuka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Odida
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Campana PA, Prasse P, Lienhard M, Thedinga K, Herwig R, Scheffer T. Cancer drug sensitivity estimation using modular deep Graph Neural Networks. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae043. [PMID: 38680251 PMCID: PMC11055499 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational drug sensitivity models have the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes by identifying targeted drugs components that are tailored to the transcriptomic profile of a given primary tumor. The SMILES representation of molecules that is used by state-of-the-art drug-sensitivity models is not conducive for neural networks to generalize to new drugs, in part because the distance between atoms does not generally correspond to the distance between their representation in the SMILES strings. Graph-attention networks, on the other hand, are high-capacity models that require large training-data volumes which are not available for drug-sensitivity estimation. We develop a modular drug-sensitivity graph-attentional neural network. The modular architecture allows us to separately pre-train the graph encoder and graph-attentional pooling layer on related tasks for which more data are available. We observe that this model outperforms reference models for the use cases of precision oncology and drug discovery; in particular, it is better able to predict the specific interaction between drug and cell line that is not explained by the general cytotoxicity of the drug and the overall survivability of the cell line. The complete source code is available at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.8020945. All experiments are based on the publicly available GDSC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Campana
- University of Potsdam, Department of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Prasse
- University of Potsdam, Department of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Lienhard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Computational Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Thedinga
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Computational Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Computational Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Scheffer
- University of Potsdam, Department of Computer Science, Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Bae KR, So WY, Lee SJ. Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors According to the Employment Status and Occupation: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2974. [PMID: 37998467 PMCID: PMC10671823 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify differences in health behaviors according to the employment status and occupation of cancer survivors, as well as to identify risk factors. Using data from the Korea National and Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2018), 1023 cancer survivors aged 19-60 years were classified based on their employment status and occupation, and their health behaviors were comparatively assessed. To investigate the impact of occupational status on the health behaviors of cancer survivors, we performed multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis. Five hundred fifty-six (54.3%) cancer survivors were engaged in economic activities. After adjusting for various factors, white- and blue-collar workers exhibited an increased risk of obesity. The blue-collar group had a 1.45 times higher risk of non-practice with cancer screening, while the white-collar group had a 0.50 times lower risk of non-practice with health screening. The results provide evidence of the need to support cancer survivors in practicing healthy behaviors according to their employment status and occupation. As cancer survivors' economic activities increase, it is necessary to help them manage their health by predicting any possible health-behavior failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ryeong Bae
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sport Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su Jung Lee
- School of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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4
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Adherence to dietary patterns among cancer survivors in the United States. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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5
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Kuwabara H, Katsumata K, Iwabuchi A, Udo R, Tago T, Kasahara K, Mazaki J, Enomoto M, Ishizaki T, Soya R, Kaneko M, Ota S, Enomoto A, Soga T, Tomita M, Sunamura M, Tsuchida A, Sugimoto M, Nagakawa Y. Salivary metabolomics with machine learning for colorectal cancer detection. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3234-3243. [PMID: 35754317 PMCID: PMC9459332 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the worldwide prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases, it is vital to reduce its morbidity and mortality through early detection. Saliva‐based tests are an ideal noninvasive tool for CRC detection. Here, we explored and validated salivary biomarkers to distinguish patients with CRC from those with adenoma (AD) and healthy controls (HC). Saliva samples were collected from patients with CRC, AD, and HC. Untargeted salivary hydrophilic metabolite profiling was conducted using capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. An alternative decision tree (ADTree)‐based machine learning (ML) method was used to assess the discrimination abilities of the quantified metabolites. A total of 2602 unstimulated saliva samples were collected from subjects with CRC (n = 235), AD (n = 50), and HC (n = 2317). Data were randomly divided into training (n = 1301) and validation datasets (n = 1301). The clustering analysis showed a clear consistency of aberrant metabolites between the two groups. The ADTree model was optimized through cross‐validation (CV) using the training dataset, and the developed model was validated using the validation dataset. The model discriminating CRC + AD from HC showed area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.860 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.828‐0.891) for CV and 0.870 (95% CI: 0.837‐0.903) for the validation dataset. The other model discriminating CRC from AD + HC showed an AUC of 0.879 (95% CI: 0.851‐0.907) and 0.870 (95% CI: 0.838‐0.902), respectively. Salivary metabolomics combined with ML demonstrated high accuracy and versatility in detecting CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuwabara
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Katsumata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Iwabuchi
- Center for Health Surveillance and Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Udo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tago
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Kasahara
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Mazaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Enomoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishizaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Soya
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Kaneko
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ayame Enomoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Makoto Sunamura
- Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies Health Promotion and Preemptive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Goïta AA, Guenot D. Colorectal Cancer: The Contribution of CXCL12 and Its Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1810. [PMID: 35406582 PMCID: PMC8997717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and diagnosis at late metastatic stages is the main cause of death related to this cancer. This progression to metastasis is complex and involves different molecules such as the chemokine CXCL12 and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The high expression of receptors in CRC is often associated with a poor prognosis and aggressiveness of the tumor. The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors activates signaling pathways that induce chemotaxis, proliferation, migration, and cell invasion. To this end, receptor inhibitors were developed, and their use in preclinical and clinical studies is ongoing. This review provides an overview of studies involving CXCR4 and CXCR7 in CRC with an update on their targeting in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Guenot
- INSERM U1113/Unistra, IRFAC—Interface de Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée en Cancérologie, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
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Deoxycholic Acid Modulates Cell-Junction Gene Expression and Increases Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030723. [PMID: 35163990 PMCID: PMC8839472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet-related obesity is associated with increased intestinal hyperpermeability. High dietary fat intake causes an increase in colonic bile acids (BAs), particularly deoxycholic acid (DCA). We hypothesize that DCA modulates the gene expression of multiple cell junction pathways and increases intestinal permeability. With a human Caco-2 cell intestinal model, we used cell proliferation, PCR array, biochemical, and immunofluorescent assays to examine the impact of DCA on the integrity of the intestinal barrier and gene expression. The Caco-2 cells were grown in monolayers and challenged with DCA at physiological, sub-mM, concentrations. DCA increased transcellular and paracellular permeability (>20%). Similarly, DCA increased intracellular reactive oxidative species production (>100%) and accompanied a decrease (>40%) in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA levels of 23 genes related to the epithelial barrier (tight junction, focal adhesion, gap junction, and adherens junction pathways) were decreased (>40%) in (0.25 mM) DCA-treated Caco-2 cells compared to untreated cells. Finally, we demonstrated that DCA decreased (>58%) the protein content of occludin present at the cellular tight junctions and the nucleus of epithelial cells. Collectively, DCA decreases the gene expression of multiple pathways related to cell junctions and increases permeability in a human intestinal barrier model.
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8
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Hatime Z, El Kinany K, Huybrechts I, Gunter MJ, Khalis M, Deoula M, Boudouaya HA, Benslimane A, Nejjari C, Benider A, El Rhazi K. Extended healthy lifestyle index and colorectal cancer risk in the Moroccan population. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1013-1022. [PMID: 32572618 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the combined effect of different lifestyle factors on CRC incidence among populations living in developing countries. In this study, we sought to create an Extended Healthy Lifestyle Index (EHLI) and to investigate its association with CRC risk in the Moroccan population. METHODS A large case-control study including 1516 cases and 1516 controls, matched on age, sex and center were recruited in 5 Moroccan university hospital centers between 2009 and 2017. EHLI scores, including 9 modifiable factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity intensity, BMI, fruit and vegetables consumption, drinks that promote weight gain, red and processed meat, relatively unprocessed cereals and/or pulses, and dairy products consumption) were assigned to lifestyle information derived from the participants. We assessed the score based on the answers on each of the nine lifestyle components as unhealthy/un-compliant (0 point), healthy/compliant (1 point) and 0.5 for partial compliance to the recommendation. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the EHLI and CRC risk and to estimate multivariate ORs and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All potential confounder variables were considered. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a significant decrease in the risk of overall CRC was observed when comparing the highest EHLI category with the lowest index category (0.39, 95% CI: 0.33-0.47). These results did not differ by colon or rectum subsite. CONCLUSION Combined healthy lifestyle factors are associated with a significantly lower incidence of CRC in Moroccan populations. Prevention strategies should consider targeting of multiple lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Hatime
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khaoula El Kinany
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Khalis
- School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Meimouna Deoula
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hanae Abir Boudouaya
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Benslimane
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Villota H, Röthlisberger S, Pedroza-Díaz J. Modulation of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway by Dietary Polyphenols, an Opportunity for Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:384-404. [PMID: 33596716 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1884730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades there has been a rise in the worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer which can be traced back to the influence of well-known modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle, diet and obesity. Conversely, the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber decreases the risk of CRC, which is why dietary polyphenols have aroused interest in recent years as potentially anti-carcinogenic compounds. One of the driving forces of colorectal carcinogenesis, in both sporadic and hereditary CRC, is the aberrant activation/regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This review discusses reports of modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway by dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, avenanthramides, epigallocatechinin, curcumin, quercetin, silibinin, genistein and mangiferin) specifically focusing on CRC, and proposes a model as to how this modulation occurs. There is potential for implementing these dietary polyphenols into preventative and therapeutic therapies for CRC as evidenced by some clinical trials that have been carried out with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Villota
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sarah Röthlisberger
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Johanna Pedroza-Díaz
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
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Gao L, Gou N, Yao M, Amakye WK, Ren J. Food-derived natural compounds in the management of chronic diseases via Wnt signaling pathway. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4769-4799. [PMID: 33554630 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that control embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and pathological processes of organisms throughout life. However, dysregulation of the Wnt signaling is associated with the occurrence of chronic diseases. In comparison with the application of chemical drugs as traditional treatment for chronic diseases, dietary agents have unique advantages, such as less side effects, multiple targets, convenience in accessibility and higher acceptability in long-term intervention. In this review, we summarized current progress in manipulating the Wnt signaling using food components and its benefits in managing chronic diseases. The underlying mechanisms of bioactive food components in the management of the disease progression via the Wnt signaling was illustrated. Then, the review focused on the function of dietary pattern (which might act via combination of foods with multiple nutrients or food ingredients) on targeting Wnt signaling at multiple level. The potential caveats and challenges in developing new strategy via modulating Wnt-associated diseases with food-based agents and appropriate dietary pattern are also discussed in detail. This review shed light on the understanding of the regulatory effect of food bioactive components on chronic diseases management through the Wnt signaling, which can be expanded to other specific signaling pathway associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Gou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
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Hospital-Based Preliminary Observations of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Saudi Patients with Colorectal Polyps: A Call for Nutrition Care Integration after Polypectomy Procedure. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. Lifestyle modification, including diet and physical activity, is as important as the standard procedure of colonoscopy screening in reducing CRC development. I explored the dietary intake, physical activity, and selected nutritional biomarkers in Saudi patients with colorectal polyps, a precursor of CRC. Methods: Thirty polypectomy patients (aged 35–84 years) were recruited from an endoscopy unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Demographic, anthropometric, physical activity, and food frequency data were collected. Plasma C-reactive protein, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and folate levels were measured. Results: The median body mass index (BMI) of the patients was within the overweight cut-off range. The median consumption of carbohydrate and protein was within the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Median fat consumption was above the RDA, while median fiber intake was below the RDA. Patients met the recommended servings/day of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and protein but exceeded the recommended intake of fats and sweets. Most patients were non-active, with an inadequate level of serum vitamin D. Conclusion: We observed several risk factors previously associated with CRC, including low levels of physical activity, serum vitamin D, and fiber intake, and high BMI and fat intake among polypectomy patients.
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12
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Association between plasma prostaglandin E2 level and colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 30:59-68. [PMID: 33275396 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidences for the personalized use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and treatment that include consideration of prostaglandin E2 levels are necessary. This study was designed as a case-control study including 60 CRC patients and 120 cancer-free controls. A sensitive empirical method, precolumn derivatization HPLC, was used to determine plasma PGE2 levels. The TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay was used for the genotyping of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) polymorphisms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that 1 log10(PGE2) increase would result in a 3.64-fold increase in the risk of CRC. Moreover, subjects with log10(PGE2) level in the 75th percentile had a significantly higher risk of CRC than those with log10(PGE2) levels in the 25th percentile [odds ratio (OR), 3.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-9.05]. This association was more evident after adjustment for history of NSAIDs use (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.46-10.16). Preliminarily, 260.02 and 414.95 pg/ml might be proposed as the preventive and warning cutoff values of plasma PGE2 for CRC. The preferred NSAIDs dose for patients with the AG+GG (rs689466) and CC+CT (rs5275) genotypes should be higher than that of patients carrying AA or TT genotypes, despite the presence of equal plasma PGE2 levels. We show for the first time that the plasma PGE2 level is associated with the risk of CRC. We provide a preliminary suggestion for NSAIDs doses adjustment according to PTGS2 genotypes after consideration of plasma PGE2 levels.
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Adherence to the Saudi dietary guidelines and its relation to colorectal polyps: A university hospital-based study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:25-31. [PMID: 32110179 PMCID: PMC7033390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Colorectal polyps are a known precursor to colorectal cancer (CRC). Using the Saudi dietary guidelines adherence scores, this study evaluated whether dietary intake can lead to the development of colorectal polyps in a Saudi cohort. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 101 patients of both sexes, aged 30-86 years (40 patients with colorectal polyps and 61 patients without polyps), were recruited from the endoscopy unit in a Saudi hospital. A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic data, anthropometric data, and information about dietary habits. Results Patients with colorectal polyps were significantly older than those without polyps (p = 0.05). The mean body mass index in both patient groups was within the overweight range, with a value of 28.6 ± 6.7 kg/m2. We did not find significant differences between patients with and without colorectal polyps. Although there was no difference in the overall scores for adherence to the Saudi dietary guidelines between the two groups, the specific adherence score for vegetables was significantly higher in patients without colorectal polyps (5.0 ± 0.0 vs. 4.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.03). Conclusion Ageing and lower vegetable intake, previously reported to be risk factors for CRC, were likewise identified in this study. However, a multi-centre study with a larger sample size, utilising data from this study, is needed.
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Zeng H, Safratowich BD, Wang TTY, Hamlin SK, Johnson LK. Butyrate Inhibits Deoxycholic-Acid-Resistant Colonic Cell Proliferation via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis: A Potential Pathway Linking Dietary Fiber to Cancer Prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901014. [PMID: 32003143 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Butyrate, an intestinal microbiota metabolite of dietary fiber, exhibits colon cancer preventive effects. In contrast, a high fat intake increases fecal secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA, a potential cancer promoter), which selectively enrich mutant epithelial cells with an abnormally high resistance to DCA-induced apoptosis in the colon. This study is conducted to test the hypothesis that physiological concentrations of butyrate inhibit DCA-resistant colonic cell proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS With human HCT-116 cells as parental colonic cells, a human DCA-resistant colonic cell line (DCA-RCL) is developed. DCA treatment increases apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (an apoptotic trigger) at a rate threefold greater in HCT-116 cells than in DCA-RCL cells. Subsequently, 41 apoptosis related genes (including signaling pathways) with greater than onefold (mRNA) change in DCA-RCL cells are identified compared with HCT-116 cells. Moreover, butyrate treatment inhibits DCA-RCL cell proliferation with similar efficacy when compared with HCT116 cells via cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that butyrate inhibits DCA-RCL cell proliferation at the cellular and molecular level. These data provide a proof of concept that butyrate can protect against colon carcinogenesis through a specific targeting of DCA-resistant colonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Bryan D Safratowich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Stephanie K Hamlin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Zhang J, Manna PP, Daglia M, Atanasov AG, Battino M. Dietary phytochemicals in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment: A focus on the molecular mechanisms involved. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 38:107322. [PMID: 30476540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cancer type and leading cause of death. Unfortunately, current medical treatments are not sufficient due to lack of effective therapy, adverse side effects, chemoresistance and disease recurrence. In recent decades, epidemiologic observations have highlighted the association between the ingestion of several phytochemical-enriched foods and nutrients and the lower risk of CRC. According to preclinical studies, dietary phytochemicals exert chemopreventive effects on CRC by regulating different markers and signaling pathways; additionally, the gut microbiota plays a role as vital effector in CRC onset and progression, therefore, any dietary alterations in it may affect CRC occurrence. A high number of studies have displayed a key role of growth factors and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CRC. Indeed, the efficiency of dietary phytochemicals to modulate carcinogenic processes through the alteration of different molecular targets, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK (p38, JNK and Erk1/2), EGFR/Kras/Braf, TGF-β/Smad2/3, STAT1-STAT3, NF-кB, Nrf2 and cyclin-CDK complexes, has been proven, whereby many of these targets also represent the backbone of modern drug discovery programs. Furthermore, epigenetic analysis showed modified or reversed aberrant epigenetic changes exerted by dietary phytochemicals that led to possible CRC prevention or treatment. Therefore, our aim is to discuss the effects of some common dietary phytochemicals that might be useful in CRC as preventive or therapeutic agents. This review will provide new guidance for research, in order to identify the most studied phytochemicals, their occurrence in foods and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals for the prevention or treatment of CRC by targeting several genes and signaling pathways, as well as epigenetic modifications. In addition, the results obtained by recent investigations aimed at improving the production of these phytochemicals in genetically modified plants have been reported. Overall, clinical data on phytochemicals against CRC are still not sufficient and therefore the preventive impacts of dietary phytochemicals on CRC development deserve further research so as to provide additional insights for human prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain)
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain)
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Piera Pia Manna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Atanas Georgiev Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec 05-552, Poland.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9853192. [PMID: 30498395 PMCID: PMC6222239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9853192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-β can be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.
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Lee SH, Hong JY, Lee JU, Lee DR. Association Between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke at the Workplace and Risk for Developing a Colorectal Adenoma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Coloproctol 2016; 32:51-7. [PMID: 27218095 PMCID: PMC4865465 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2016.32.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A colorectal adenoma (CRA) is a well-defined precursor to colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, smoking is a potent risk factor for developing a CRA, as well as CRC. However, the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the risk for developing a CRA has not yet been fully evaluated in epidemiologic studies. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on the association between exposure to ETS at the workplace and the risk for developing a CRA. Methods The study was conducted on subjects who had undergone a colonoscopy at a health promotion center from January 2012 to December 2012. After descriptive analyses, overall and subgroup analyses by smoking status were performed by using a multivariate logistic regression. Results Among the 1,129 participants, 300 (26.6%) were diagnosed as having CRAs. Exposure to ETS was found to be associated with CRAs in all subjects (fully adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.44; P = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, exposure to ETS in former smokers increased the risk for developing a CRA (fully adjusted OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.07–9.51; P < 0.001). Conclusion Exposure to occupational ETS at the workplace, independent of the other factors, was associated with increased risk for developing a CRA in all subjects and in former smokers. Further retrospective studies with large sample sizes may be necessary to clarify the causal effect of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Lee
- Health Promotion Center, Seohae Hospital, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hong
- Health Promotion Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jung-Un Lee
- Health Promotion Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Health Promotion Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
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18
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Zhang CF, Yu XJ, Wang BY, Chen HW, Hu CE. Whole mitochondrial genome sequence of a rat colorectal cancer MCA38 cell line. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:2034-5. [PMID: 25434994 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.974176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most fatal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. We sequenced a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a rat CRC cell line MCA38 for the first time. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,305 bp and coding 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes. This mitochondrial genome sequence will provide new genetic resource into Colon cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fen Zhang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Luoyang , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yu
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University , Zhangjiakou , P.R. China , and
| | - Bao-Yong Wang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Luoyang , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Luoyang , P.R. China
| | - Cheng-En Hu
- c Department of General Surgery , Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
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Abstract
AbstractColitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) constitutes a severe complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and occurs in more than one third of IBD patients. In this short review we focus on the mechanisms underlying CACRC pathogenesis, and discuss the approaches for prevention and therapy in CACRC.
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Dias MMDS, Noratto G, Martino HSD, Arbizu S, Peluzio MDCG, Talcott S, Ramos AM, Mertens-Talcott SU. Pro-apoptotic activities of polyphenolics from açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in human SW-480 colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1394-405. [PMID: 25329001 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cell growth inhibition activity of açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) polyphenolic extract against colon cancer HT-29 and SW-480 cells and the nonmalignant CCD-18Co colon fibroblast cells. Results showed that açai polyphenolic extract (5-20 mg/L) inhibited preferentially the growth of SW-480 cells with no toxicity in CCD-18Co cells, and this was accompanied by reduction of H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The mechanisms involved in SW-480 cell growth-inhibition by açai polyphenolic extract included the downregulation of NF-κB proinflammatory transcription factor and the nuclear factor-kappa B targets intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Furthermore, prooncogenic specificity proteins (Sp) were downregulated as well as Sp-targets Bcl-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and survivin. This was accompanied by activation of mitochondrial proapoptotic pathway involving increase of cytochrome c, cleavage of caspase-3, and decrease of PARP-1. Results strongly suggest that açai polyphenolic extract has antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activities in colon cancer cells and can be effective as natural colon cancer chemopreventive agents.
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21
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Aleksandrova K, Pischon T, Jenab M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Fedirko V, Norat T, Romaguera D, Knüppel S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Dartois L, Kaaks R, Li K, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Quirós JR, Buckland G, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Bradbury KE, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Krogh V, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Panico S, Siersema PD, Peeters PHM, Ljuslinder I, Johansson I, Ericson U, Ohlsson B, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Borch KB, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Kong J, Gunter MJ, Ward HA, Riboli E, Boeing H. Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer: a large European cohort study. BMC Med 2014; 12:168. [PMID: 25319089 PMCID: PMC4192278 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and certain dietary factors are individually related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, little is known about their joint effects. The aim of this study was to develop a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) composed of five potentially modifiable lifestyle factors--healthy weight, physical activity, non-smoking, limited alcohol consumption and a healthy diet, and to explore the association of this index with CRC incidence using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS In the EPIC cohort, a total of 347,237 men and women, 25- to 70-years old, provided dietary and lifestyle information at study baseline (1992 to 2000). Over a median follow-up time of 12 years, 3,759 incident CRC cases were identified. The association between a HLI and CRC risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and population attributable risks (PARs) have been calculated. RESULTS After accounting for study centre, age, sex and education, compared with 0 or 1 healthy lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for CRC was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44 to 0.77) for two factors, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.89) for three factors, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.75) for four factors and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.74) for five factors; P-trend<0.0001. The associations were present for both colon and rectal cancers, HRs, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50 to 0.74; P for trend<0.0001) for colon cancer and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.88; P-trend<0.0001) for rectal cancer, respectively (P-difference by cancer sub-site=0.10). Overall, 16% of the new CRC cases (22% in men and 11% in women) were attributable to not adhering to a combination of all five healthy lifestyle behaviours included in the index. CONCLUSIONS Combined lifestyle factors are associated with a lower incidence of CRC in European populations characterized by western lifestyles. Prevention strategies considering complex targeting of multiple lifestyle factors may provide practical means for improved CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany.
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sven Knüppel
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
- Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
- Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Laureen Dartois
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
- Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kuanrong Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain.
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Turin, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Peter D Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Petra H M Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid Ljuslinder
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Ulrika Ericson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Joyce Kong
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Heather A Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Green CJ, de Dauwe P, Boyle T, Tabatabaei SM, Fritschi L, Heyworth JS. Tea, coffee, and milk consumption and colorectal cancer risk. J Epidemiol 2014; 24:146-53. [PMID: 24531002 PMCID: PMC3983285 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20130063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the effects of tea, coffee, and milk on the risk of colorectal cancer are inconsistent. We investigated associations of tea, coffee, and milk consumption with colorectal cancer risk and attempted to determine if these exposures were differentially associated with the risks of proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancers. METHODS Data from 854 incident cases and 948 controls were analyzed in a case-control study of colorectal cancer in Western Australia during 2005-07. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of black tea (with and without milk), green tea, herbal tea, hot coffee, iced coffee, and milk with colorectal cancer. RESULTS Consumption of 1 or more cups of herbal tea per week was associated with a significantly decreased risk of distal colon cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.82; PTrend = 0.044), and consumption of 1 or more cups of iced coffee per week was associated with increased risk of rectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.91-2.54; PTrend = 0.004). Neither herbal tea nor iced coffee was associated with the risk of proximal colon cancer. Hot coffee was associated with a possible increased risk of distal colon cancer. Black tea (with or without milk), green tea, decaffeinated coffee, and milk were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of herbal tea was associated with reduced risk of distal colon cancer, and consumption of iced coffee was associated with increased rectal cancer risk.
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Pericleous M, Mandair D, Caplin ME. Diet and supplements and their impact on colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 4:409-23. [PMID: 24294513 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death among men and women. It has been proposed that dietary factors are responsible for 70-90% of colorectal cancer and diet optimization may prevent most cases. AIM To evaluate the role of dietary components and supplements in colorectal cancer. METHODS Bibliographical searches were performed in Pubmed for the terms "diet and colorectal cancer", "diet and colon cancer", "diet and rectal cancer", "nutrition and colorectal cancer", "probiotics and colorectal cancer", "prebiotics and colorectal cancer", "alcohol and cancer" and "colorectal cancer epidemiology". RESULTS Consumption of processed or red meat, especially when cooked at high temperatures may be associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. The evidence for dietary fibre is unclear but foods that contain high amounts of fibre are usually rich in polyphenols which have been shown to alter molecular processes that can encourage colorectal carcinogenesis. Meta-analyses provide evidence on the benefits of circulating, diet-derived and supplemented, vitamin D and Calcium. We also found that diets rich in Folate may prevent colorectal carcinoma. The evidence on dietary micronutrients such as Zinc and Selenium in association with colorectal cancer is not conclusive. It has been suggested that there may be a direct association between alcohol intake and colorectal cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted a possible protective role of prebiotics and probiotics. CONCLUSIONS The lack of randomized trials and the presence of confounding factors including smoking, physical activity, obesity and diabetes may often yield inconclusive results. Carefully designed randomized trials are recommended.
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Antiproliferative and apoptotic-inducing potential of ellagic acid against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis in Wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 388:157-72. [PMID: 24281858 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer remains one of the major worldwide causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in Western countries and is increasingly common in Asia. Ellagic acid (EA), a major component of polyphenol possesses attractive remedial features. The aim of this study is to divulge the potential effect of EA during 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in male Wistar albino rats. The rats were segregated into four groups: group I, control rats; group II, rats received EA (60 mg/kg b.wt./day, orally); rats in group III, induced with DMH (20 mg/kg b.wt.) subcutaneously for 15 weeks; DMH-induced group IV rats were initiated with EA treatment. Colon of the rats treated with DMH exhibited higher glycoconjugates and proliferation index such as elevated expressions of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNORs), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteins (MMP-2 and -9), and mast cells. DMH induction also increased phase I-metabolizing enzymes with simultaneous decrease in the phase II detoxifying enzymes. In contrast, dietary administration of EA significantly (p < 0.05) down regulated the proliferation index and restored back the levels of biotransformation enzymes. The carcinogenic insult also altered the expression of pro-apoptotic protein p53, whereas dietary EA administration significantly (p < 0.01) up regulates p53 expression to further induce apoptotic pathway. Ultrastructural changes in colon were also in accord with the above aberrations. Overall findings suggested that the suppression of colon cancer by EA in vivo involves inhibition of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and efficient detoxification.
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Capsaicin provokes apoptosis and restricts benzo(a)pyrene induced lung tumorigenesis in Swiss albino mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:254-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Peng XE, Jiang YY, Shi XS, Hu ZJ. NQO1 609C>T polymorphism interaction with tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking increases colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Gene 2013; 521:105-10. [PMID: 23458878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAD (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) catalyzes the activation of some environmental procarcinogens present in tobacco smoke or the diet. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to evaluate the potential association between NQO1 609C>T polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. METHODS The study population comprised 672 histologically confirmed colorectal cancer patients and 672 frequency-matched control subjects without cancer or systemic illness. We used PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods for genotyping analyses and unconditional logistic regression model for statistical evaluations. RESULTS The risk of colorectal cancer increased with the level of smoking and decreased with the consumption of tea, fresh fruits, and vegetables. In addition, we found that the NQO1 609 CT and TT genotypes were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CT: adjusted OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.55-2.57; TT: adjusted OR=2.51, 95% CI=1.82-3.47), compared with the CC genotype. Moreover, NQO1 609C>T appeared to have a multiplicative joint effect with both tobacco smoking and alcoholic drinking (P for multiplicative interactions were 0.0001 and 0.013, respectively) on colorectal cancer risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the NQO1 609C>T polymorphism plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population, which is strengthened by alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-E Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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Freiburghaus C, Lindmark-Månsson H, Paulsson M, Oredsson S. Reduction of ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage in human colon cancer cells treated with a lactoferrin-derived peptide. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5552-60. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prá D, Franke SIR, Henriques JAP, Fenech M. Iron and genome stability: an update. Mutat Res 2012; 733:92-9. [PMID: 22349350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient which is required in a relatively narrow range for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and genome stability. Iron participates in oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration as well as in antioxidant and nucleic acid metabolism. Iron deficiency impairs these biological pathways, leading to oxidative stress and possibly carcinogenesis. Iron overload has been linked to genome instability as well as to cancer risk increase, as seen in hereditary hemochromatosis. Iron is an extremely reactive transition metal that can interact with hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals that form the 8-hydroxy-guanine adduct, cause point mutations as well as DNA single and double strand breaks. Iron overload also induces DNA hypermethylation and can reduce telomere length. The current Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for iron, according with Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), is based in the concept of preventing anemia, and ranges from 7mg/day to 18mg/day depending on life stage and gender. Pregnant women need 27mg/day. The maximum safety level for iron intake, the Upper Level (UL), is 40-45mg/day, based on the prevention of gastrointestinal distress associated to high iron intakes. Preliminary evidence indicates that 20mg/day iron, an intake slightly higher than the RDA, may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in the elderly as well as increasing genome stability in lymphocytes of children and adolescents. Current dietary recommendations do not consider the concept of genome stability which is of concern because damage to the genome has been linked to the origin and progression of many diseases and is the most fundamental pathology. Given the importance of iron for homeostasis and its potential influence over genome stability and cancer it is recommended to conduct further studies that conclusively define these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prá
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. daniel
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Sun Z, Liu L, Wang PP, Roebothan B, Zhao J, Dicks E, Cotterchio M, Buehler S, Campbell PT, McLaughlin JR, Parfrey PS. Association of total energy intake and macronutrient consumption with colorectal cancer risk: results from a large population-based case-control study in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada. Nutr J 2012; 11:18. [PMID: 22449145 PMCID: PMC3378449 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet is regarded as one of the most important environmental factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A recent report comprehensively concluded that total energy intake does not have a simple relationship with CRC risk, and that the data were inconsistent for carbohydrate, cholesterol and protein. The objective of this study was to identify the associations of CRC risk with dietary intakes of total energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, and alcohol using data from a large case-control study conducted in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and Ontario (ON), Canada. Methods Incident colorectal cancer cases (n = 1760) were identified from population-based cancer registries in the provinces of ON (1997-2000) and NL (1999-2003). Controls (n = 2481) were a random sample of residents in each province, aged 20-74 years. Family history questionnaire (FHQ), personal history questionnaire (PHQ), and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to collect study data. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of intakes of total energy, macronutrients and alcohol with CRC risk. Results Total energy intake was associated with higher risk of CRC (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21-2.01, p-trend = 0.02, 5th versus 1st quintile), whereas inverse associations emerged for intakes of protein (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.69-1.00, p-trend = 0.06, 5th versus 1st quintile), carbohydrate (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.63-1.00, p-trend = 0.05, 5th versus 1st quintile) and total dietary fiber (OR: 0.84, 95% CI:0.67-0.99, p-trend = 0.04, 5th versus 1st quintile). Total fat, alcohol, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol were not associated with CRC risk. Conclusion This study provides further evidence that high energy intake may increase risk of incident CRC, whereas diets high in protein, fiber, and carbohydrate may reduce the risk of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Sun
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St, John's, NL, Canada
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Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Guinez C, Mir AM, Perez-Cervera Y, Liu C, Michalski JC, Lefebvre T. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-GlcNAcylation drive the expression of β-catenin and cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E417-24. [PMID: 22114026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00390.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The short half-life protooncogene β-catenin acquires a remarkable stability in a large subset of cancers, mainly from mutations affecting its proteasomal degradation. In this sense, colorectal cancers (CRC) form a group of pathologies in which early steps of development are characterized by an aberrant expression of β-catenin and an uncontrolled proliferation of epithelial cells. Diet has long been described as an influence in the emergence of CRC, but the molecular events that link metabolic disorders and CRC remain elusive. Part of the explanation may reside in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux. We found that fasted mice being force-fed with glucose or glucosamine leads to an increase of β-catenin and O-GlcNAcylation levels in the colon. MCF7 cells possessing intact Wnt/β-catenin signaling heavily expressed β-catenin when cultured in high glucose; this was reversed by the HBP inhibitor azaserine. HBP inhibition also decreased the expression of β-catenin in HT29 and, to a lesser extent, HCT116 cells. The same observation was made with regard to the transcriptional activity of β-catenin in HEK293 cells. Inhibition of HBP also blocked the glucose-mediated proliferation capacity of MCF7 cells, demonstrating that glucose affects both β-catenin expression and cell proliferation through the HBP. The ultimate element conducting these events is the dynamic posttranslational modification O-GlcNAcylation, which is intimately linked to HBP; the modulation of its level affected the expression of β-catenin and cell proliferation. In accordance with our findings, we propose that metabolic disorders correlate to CRC via an upregulation of HBP that reverberates on high O-GlcNAcylation levels including modification of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Jawad
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
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Diggs DL, Huderson AC, Harris KL, Myers JN, Banks LD, Rekhadevi PV, Niaz MS, Ramesh A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and digestive tract cancers: a perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:324-57. [PMID: 22107166 PMCID: PMC3247201 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.629974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the colon are most common in the Western world. In majority of these cases, there is no familial history and sporadic gene damage seems to play an important role in the development of tumors in the colon. Studies have shown that environmental factors, especially diet, play an important role in susceptibility to gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. Consequently, environmental chemicals that contaminate food or diet during preparation become important in the development of GI cancers. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one such family of ubiquitous environmental toxicants. These pollutants enter the human body through consumption of contaminated food, drinking water, inhalation of cigarette smoke, automobile exhausts, and contaminated air from occupational settings. Among these pathways, dietary intake of PAHs constitutes a major source of exposure in humans. Although many reviews and books on PAHs and their ability to cause toxicity and breast or lung cancer have been published, aspects on contribution of diet, smoking and other factors toward development of digestive tract cancers, and strategies to assess risk from exposure to PAHs have received much less attention. This review, therefore, focuses on dietary intake of PAHs in humans, animal models, and cell cultures used for GI cancer studies along with epidemiological findings. Bioavailability and biotransformation processes, which influence the disposition of PAHs in body and the underlying causative mechanisms of GI cancers, are also discussed. The existing data gaps and scope for future studies is also emphasized. This information is expected to stimulate research on mechanisms of sporadic GI cancers caused by exposure to environmental carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deacqunita L. Diggs
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Ashley C. Huderson
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Kelly L. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Jeremy N. Myers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Leah D. Banks
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Perumalla V. Rekhadevi
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Mohammad S. Niaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
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Araújo JR, Gonçalves P, Martel F. Chemopreventive effect of dietary polyphenols in colorectal cancer cell lines. Nutr Res 2011; 31:77-87. [PMID: 21419311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most fatal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Despite having multifactorial causes, most CRC cases are mainly determined by dietary factors. In recent years, a large number of studies have attributed a protective effect to polyphenols and foods containing these compounds (fruits and vegetables) against CRC. Indeed, polyphenols have been reported to interfere with cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, acting as chemopreventive agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the main chemopreventive properties of some polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, chrysin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, catechin, resveratrol, and xanthohumol) against CRC, observed in cell culture models. From the data reviewed in this article, it can be concluded that these compounds inhibit cell growth, by inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis; inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, and/or metastasis; and exhibit anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effects. In turn, these effects involve multiple molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action, which are still not completely characterized. Thus, caution is mandatory when attempting to extrapolate the observations obtained in CRC cell line studies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Huang C, Li Y, Cao P, Xie Z, Qin Z. Synergistic effect of hyperthermia and neferine on reverse multidrug resistance in adriamycin-resistant SGC7901/ADM gastric cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:488. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mediterranean diet? no, thanks: mediterranean lifestyle! MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-011-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Davies EJ, Marsh V, Clarke AR. Origin and maintenance of the intestinal cancer stem cell. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:254-63. [PMID: 21465575 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the western world and its incidence is steadily increasing. Understanding the basic biology of both the normal intestine and of intestinal tumorigenesis is vital for developing appropriate and effective cancer therapies. However, relatively little is known about the normal intestinal stem cell or the hypothetical intestinal cancer stem cell, and there is much debate surrounding these areas. This review briefly describes our current understanding of the properties of both the intestinal stem cell and the intestinal cancer stem cell. We also discuss recent theories regarding the origin of the intestinal cancer stem cell, and the signals required for its maintenance and proliferation. Finally, we place the relevance of cancer stem cell research into context by discussing potential clinical applications of targeting the intestinal cancer stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Davies
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Kennedy DA, Stern SJ, Moretti M, Matok I, Sarkar M, Nickel C, Koren G. Folate intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 35:2-10. [PMID: 21177150 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Folic acid fortification and supplementation to prevent neural tube defects has led to concerns regarding increased risk of colorectal cancer. The results of existing studies have been inconclusive. The purpose was to examine the relationship between level of folate intake and the incidence of colorectal cancer. METHODS A systematic review and meta analysis were conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to October 2009 with the following search terms "folic acid," "folate", "colorectal cancer," "colon neoplasms," rectal neoplasms." Observational studies in adult populations were included that defined levels of folate intake and incidence of colorectal cancer. RESULT Out of 6427 references, 27 studies met our inclusion criteria. The summary risk estimate for case control studies comparing high versus low total folate intake was 0.85 (CI 95% 0.74-0.99) with no significant heterogeneity among studies. Similarly, for cohort studies, the resulting summary risk estimate for high versus low dietary folate intake was 0.92 (CI 95% 0.81-1.05) with no significant heterogeneity. However, defining what represents a higher intake of folic acid is difficult as there is variability in the upper limit of folic acid intake used in the studies. DISCUSSION These results suggest that higher folate intake levels offer a reduction in one of the perceived risks associated with developing colorectal cancer. These data can serve to help reassure women planning a pregnancy to increase folic intake during the preconception period to levels sufficient to prevent neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Kennedy
- The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada.
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Kirkegaard H, Johnsen NF, Christensen J, Frederiksen K, Overvad K, Tjønneland A. Association of adherence to lifestyle recommendations and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective Danish cohort study. BMJ 2010; 341:c5504. [PMID: 20978063 PMCID: PMC2965150 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between a simple lifestyle index based on the recommendations for five lifestyle factors and the incidence of colorectal cancer, and to estimate the proportion of colorectal cancer cases attributable to lack of adherence to the recommendations. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING General population of Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS 55 487 men and women aged 50-64 years at baseline (1993-7), not previously diagnosed with cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of colorectal cancer in relation to points achieved in the lifestyle index (based on physical activity, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol intake, and diet (dietary fibre, energy percentage from fat, red and processed meat, and fruits and vegetables)) modelled through Cox regression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.9 years, 678 men and women had colorectal cancer diagnosed. After adjustment for potential confounders, each additional point achieved on the lifestyle index, corresponding to one additional recommendation that was met, was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (incidence rate ratio 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.96). In this population an estimated total of 13% (95% CI 4% to 22%) of the colorectal cancer cases were attributable to lack of adherence to merely one additional recommendation among all participants except the healthiest. If all participants had followed the five recommendations 23% (9% to 37%) of the colorectal cancer cases might have been prevented. Results were similar for colon and rectal cancer, but only statistically significant for colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the recommendations for physical activity, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol intake, and diet may reduce colorectal cancer risk considerably, and in this population 23% of the cases might be attributable to lack of adherence to the five lifestyle recommendations. The simple structure of the lifestyle index facilitates its use in public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kirkegaard
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Sidelnikov E, Bostick RM, Flanders WD, Long Q, Fedirko V, Shaukat A, Daniel CR, Rutherford RE. Effects of calcium and vitamin D on MLH1 and MSH2 expression in rectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1022-32. [PMID: 20332274 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To further clarify and develop calcium and vitamin D as chemopreventive agents against colorectal cancer in humans and develop modifiable biomarkers of risk for colorectal cancer, we conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial clinical trial to test the effects of calcium and vitamin D(3), alone and in combination, on key DNA mismatch repair proteins in the normal colorectal mucosa. Ninety-two men and women with at least one pathology-confirmed colorectal adenoma were treated with 2.0 g/d calcium or 800 IU/d vitamin D(3), alone or in combination, versus placebo over 6 months. Colorectal crypt overall expression and distribution of MSH2 and MLH1 proteins in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal mucosa were detected by automated immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. After 6 months of treatment, MSH2 expression along the full lengths of crypts increased by 61% (P = 0.11) and 30% (P = 0.36) in the vitamin D and calcium groups, respectively, relative to the placebo group. The estimated calcium and vitamin D treatment effects were more pronounced in the upper 40% of crypts (differentiation zone) in which MSH2 expression increased by 169% (P = 0.04) and 107% (P = 0.13) in the vitamin D and calcium groups, respectively. These findings suggest that higher calcium and vitamin D intakes may result in increased DNA MMR system activity in the normal colorectal mucosa of sporadic adenoma patients and that the strongest effects may be vitamin D related and in the differentiation zone of the colorectal crypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Sidelnikov
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Micronutrient intake and risk of colon and rectal cancer in a Danish cohort. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 34:40-6. [PMID: 20060798 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients may protect against colorectal cancer. Especially folate has been considered potentially preventive. However, studies on folate and colorectal cancer have found contradicting results; dietary folate seems preventive, whereas folic acid in supplements and fortification may increase the risk. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between intake of vitamins C, E, folate and beta-carotene and colorectal cancer risk, focusing on possibly different effects of dietary, supplemental and total intake, and on potential effect modification by lifestyle factors. DESIGN In a prospective cohort study of 56,332 participants aged 50-64 years, information on diet, supplements and lifestyle was collected through questionnaires. 465 Colon and 283 rectal cancer cases were identified during follow-up. Incidence rate ratios of colon and rectal cancers related to micronutrient intake were calculated using Cox proportional hazard analyses. RESULTS The present study found a protective effect of dietary but not supplemental folate on colon cancer. No association with any other micronutrient was found. Rectal cancer did not seem associated with any micronutrient. For both colon and rectal cancer, we found an interaction between dietary folate and alcohol intake, with a significant, preventive effect among those consuming above 10g alcohol/day only. CONCLUSIONS This study adds further weight to the evidence that dietary folate protects against colon cancer, and specifies that there is a source-specific effect, with no preventive effect of supplemental folic acid. Further studies should thus take source into account. Vitamins C, E and beta-carotene showed no relation with colorectal cancer.
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Dietary intake and development of a quantitative FFQ for a nutritional intervention to reduce the risk of chronic disease in the Navajo Nation. Public Health Nutr 2009; 13:350-9. [PMID: 19860990 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009005266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize dietary intake for Navajo adults, to identify foods for a nutritional intervention programme and to develop a culturally appropriate quantitative FFQ (QFFQ) for evaluating the impact of the intervention programme. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted using 24 h dietary recalls. SETTING Navajo Nation, USA. SUBJECTS Seventy-nine (forty men, thirty-nine women) aged 18-71 years completed 24 h dietary recalls. RESULTS The median daily energy intake was 11 585 kJ (2769 kcal) for men and 8519 kJ (2036 kcal) for women. The greatest contributors to energy were fried potato dishes, sweetened juices/drinks, regular pop, bread, tortillas and burritos (contributing approximately 30 % of total energy intake). The mean number of meat servings was over twice that recommended (2-3 servings recommended v. 7.4 consumed by men and 5.3 by women). The mean servings of vegetables were well below the recommendation of 3-5 servings (1.0 serving for men and 1.2 servings for women). The final QFFQ contains 177 food and drink items. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that major contributors to total energy, fat and sugar intakes in the Navajo Nation included mostly processed meats and sweetened drinks. A nutritional intervention will target these foods and promote acceptable and healthier alternatives. In addition, we were able to identify foods and beverages for inclusion on a culturally appropriate QFFQ to assess dietary intake. This QFFQ will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of our intervention on food and food group consumption and nutrient intake.
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Cao X, Sharma S, Cao X, Arcan C, Sharma S, Cao X, Arcan C, Mattingly M, Sharma S, Cao X, Arcan C, Mattingly M, Jennings S, Sharma S, Cao X, Arcan C, Mattingly M, Jennings S, Song HJ, Gittelsohn J. Assessment of dietary intake in an inner-city African American population and development of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to highlight foods and nutrients for a nutritional invention. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 5:155-67. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480902755061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Pinho MJ, Martel F. Modulation of butyrate transport in Caco-2 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 379:325-36. [PMID: 19023563 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the putative influence of some pharmacological agents and drugs of abuse upon the apical uptake of butyrate (BT) into Caco-2 cells. The apical uptake of (14)C-BT by Caco-2 cells was (1) time and concentration dependent, (2) pH dependent, (3) Na(+) independent and Cl(-) dependent, (4) energy dependent, (5) inhibited by several BT structural analogues (acetate, propionate, alpha-ketobutyrate, pyruvate, lactate), (6) insensitive to the anion exchange inhibitors DIDS and SITS and (7) inhibited by the monocarboxylate transport (MCT) inhibitors NPPB and pCMB. These characteristics are compatible with an involvement of MCT1-mediated transport. Acutely, uptake of a low concentration of (14)C-BT (10 microM) was reduced by acetaldehyde, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, caffeine and theophylline and increased by MDMA. Chronically, uptake was increased by caffeine and decreased by tetrahydrocannabinol and MDMA; reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that these three compounds decreased the mRNA levels of MCT1. Acutely, acetaldehyde, indomethacin and MDMA reduced the uptake of a high concentration of (14)C-BT (20 mM), and acetylsalicylic acid increased it. Chronically, none of the compounds affected uptake. Acetaldehyde, indomethacin and propionate seem to be competitive inhibitors of (14)C-BT uptake. Acetylsalicylic acid simultaneously increased the K (m) and the V (max) of (14)C-BT uptake. In conclusion, MCT1-mediated transport of (14)C-BT in Caco-2 cells is modulated by either acute or chronic exposure to some pharmacological agents and drugs of abuse (acetaldehyde, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, caffeine, theophylline and the drugs of abuse tetrahydrocannabinol and MDMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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Yamaji Y, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, Kawabe T, Wada R, Mitsushima T, Omata M. Cholelithiasis is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:2847-52. [PMID: 18684172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postcholecystectomy patients show moderate risk of colorectal cancer. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between cholelithiasis and colorectal adenoma. We examined this possibility through a combination of colonoscopy and ultrasonography in asymptomatic Japanese. METHODS We reviewed a subgroup of subjects drawn from a prospective annual colonoscopy screening survey. Subjects who underwent both ultrasonography and colonoscopy, and completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle habits were entered. We investigated whether subjects with cholelithiasis or a previous cholecystectomy showed an increased risk of colorectal adenoma, as compared with subjects with normal gallbladders. RESULTS Data of 4,458 subjects (men 3,053, women 1,405, mean age +/- SD 46.1 +/- 8.62 yr) were analyzed. Cholelithiasis was detected in 206 subjects, 4,189 subjects had normal gallbladders, and 63 subjects had cholecystectomies. The prevalence of colorectal adenoma was 29.6% (61/206) in subjects with cholelithiasis, which was significantly higher when compared with normal subjects, with a prevalence of 17.7% (741/4,189, P < 0.001). In cholecystectomy patients, only 15.9% (10/63) developed colorectal adenomas, which was not significantly different from the control group. In a multivariate analysis controlling for sex, age, family history of colorectal cancer, alcohol, smoking, and body mass index, cholelithiasis was shown to be an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14-2.18). Cholelithiasis was strongly associated with multiple (> or = 3 lesions, adjusted OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.21-4.72) and left-sided colorectal adenomas (adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.59). CONCLUSIONS Cholelithiasis is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Jaqan
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Al-Johar D, Shinwari N, Arif J, Al-Sanea N, Jabbar AA, El-Sayed R, Mashhour A, Billedo G, El-Doush I, Al-Saleh I. Role ofNigella sativaand a number of its antioxidant constituents towards azoxymethane-induced genotoxic effects and colon cancer in rats. Phytother Res 2008; 22:1311-23. [PMID: 18570215 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Al-Johar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yamaji Y, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, Kawabe T, Wada R, Mitsushima T, Omata M. The effect of body weight reduction on the incidence of colorectal adenoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:2061-7. [PMID: 18796100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is thought to be associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma. We aimed to investigate the effect of body weight on the risk of colorectal adenoma both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study in a large-scale health appraisal institution in Japan. A total of 7,963 asymptomatic, average-risk Japanese were enrolled at initial examinations, and 2,568 subjects who underwent a second colonoscopy after 1 yr were investigated. The association with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma was evaluated according to the body mass index (BMI) at the initial examination. The incidence of colorectal adenoma at the second colonoscopy was investigated according to the initial BMI and body weight changes during the year. RESULTS The prevalence of colorectal adenoma increased in relation to increases in the BMI: 15.4%, 20.6%, 22.7%, and 24.2%, respectively, in the first (BMI < 21.350), second (21.350 < or = BMI < 23.199), third (23.199 < or = BMI < 25.156), and fourth (25.156 < or = BMI) quartiles. The adjusted odds ratios in reference to Group Q1 were 1.15 (95% CI 0.97-1.37, P= 0.1) for Group Q2, 1.19 (1.01-1.41, P= 0.04) for Group Q3, and 1.32 (1.12-1.56, P= 0.001) for Group Q4. The incidence rates of colorectal adenoma after 1 yr also increased proportionally according to the initial BMI: Group Q1 (12.9%), Group Q2 (15.7%), Group Q3 (18.3%), and Group Q4 (19.0%). CONCLUSIONS Obesity was associated with the risk for colorectal adenoma, and body weight reduction was suggested to decrease this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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van Rossum LG, van Rijn AF, Laheij RJ, van Oijen MG, Fockens P, van Krieken HH, Verbeek AL, Jansen JB, Dekker E. Random comparison of guaiac and immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer in a screening population. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:82-90. [PMID: 18482589 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite poor performance, guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (G-FOBT) are most frequently implemented for colorectal cancer screening. Immunochemical fecal occult blood tests (I-FOBT) are claimed to perform better, without randomized comparison in screening populations. Our aim was to randomly compare G-FOBT with I-FOBT in a screening population. METHODS We conducted a population-based study on a random sample of 20,623 individuals 50-75 years of age, randomized to either G-FOBT (Hemoccult-II) or I-FOBT (OC-Sensor). Tests and invitations were sent together. For I-FOBT, the standard cutoff of 100 ng/ml was used. Positive FOBTs were verified with colonoscopy. Advanced adenomas were defined as >or=10 mm, high-grade dysplasia, or >or=20% villous component. RESULTS There were 10,993 tests returned: 4836 (46.9%) G-FOBTs and 6157 (59.6%) I-FOBTs. The participation rate difference was 12.7% (P < .01). Of G-FOBTs, 117 (2.4%) were positive versus 339 (5.5%) of I-FOBTs. The positivity rate difference was 3.1% (P < .01). Cancer and advanced adenomas were found, respectively, in 11 and 48 of G-FOBTs and in 24 and 121 of I-FOBTs. Differences in positive predictive value for cancer and advanced adenomas and cancer were, respectively, 2.1% (P = .4) and -3.6% (P = .5). Differences in specificities favor G-FOBT and were, respectively, 2.3% (P < .01) and -1.3% (P < .01). Differences in intention-to-screen detection rates favor I-FOBT and were, respectively, 0.1% (P < .05) and 0.9% (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The number-to-scope to find 1 cancer was comparable between the tests. However, participation and detection rates for advanced adenomas and cancer were significantly higher for I-FOBT. G-FOBT significantly underestimates the prevalence of advanced adenomas and cancer in the screening population compared with I-FOBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo G van Rossum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Cho YM, Imai T, Ota Y, Hasumura M, Takami S, Hirose M, Nishikawa A. A New Medium-term Rat Colorectal Bioassay Applying Neoplastic Lesions as End Points for Detection of Carcinogenesis Modifiers Effects with Weak or Controversial Modifiers. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:459-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623308315358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have established a two-stage, medium-term rat colorectal carcinogenesis model featuring induction of neoplastic lesions within ten weeks. In the present study, we examined the ability of this model to detect weak modifiers. F344 male rats were given three subcutaneous (sc) injections of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg b.w.) in one week followed by drinking water containing 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for a second week. One week after this regimen, basal diet alone, or diets containing 10% perilla oil, 10% corn oil, 10% dextrin, or 0.1% indole-3-carbinol (I3C) were supplied. The perilla oil and corn oil groups did not show significant differences in the numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and incidences or multiplicity of proliferative lesions as compared to the controls at either time point. In the dextrin group, the total number of ACF at week ten was significantly increased. With I3C, the total number of ACF and incidence and multiplicities of adenocarcinomas at week ten and the incidence of invasive tumors at week twenty were significantly increased. These data essentially correspond with earlier reported results, except in the vegetable oil cases. Thus, the system is suitable for detection of colorectal carcinogenesis modifiers with advantages over previous models using ACF alone as end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Cho
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ota
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Mai Hasumura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Takami
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | | | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of iron and copper in mice. Biometals 2007; 21:289-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Delage B, Rullier A, Capdepont M, Rullier E, Cassand P. The effect of body weight on altered expression of nuclear receptors and cyclooxygenase-2 in human colorectal cancers. Nutr J 2007; 6:20. [PMID: 17767717 PMCID: PMC2018695 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies on risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) have mainly focused on diet, and being overweight is now recognized to contribute significantly to CRC risk. Overweight and obesity are defined as an excess of adipose tissue mass and are associated with disorders in lipid metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid-activated receptors (RARs and RXRs) are important modulators of lipid metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Alterations in expression and activity of these ligand-activated transcription factors might be involved in obesity-associated diseases, which include CRC. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) also plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and alterations in COX-2 expression have already been associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes in epithelial tumors. The objective of this study is to examine the hypothesis questioning the relationship between alterations in the expression of nuclear receptors and COX-2 and the weight status among male subjects with CRC. Method The mRNA expression of the different nuclear receptor subtypes and of COX-2 was measured in 20 resected samples of CRC and paired non-tumor tissues. The association between expression patterns and weight status defined as a body mass index (BMI) was statistically analyzed. Results No changes were observed in PPARγ mRNA expression while the expression of PPARδ, retinoid-activated receptors and COX-2 were significantly increased in cancer tissues compared to normal colon mucosa (P ≤ 0.001). The weight status appeared to be an independent factor, although we detected an increased level of COX-2 expression in the normal mucosa from overweight patients (BMI ≥ 25) compared to subjects with healthy BMI (P = 0.002). Conclusion Our findings show that alterations in the pattern of nuclear receptor expression observed in CRC do not appear to be correlated with patient weight status. However, the analysis of COX-2 expression in normal colon mucosa from subjects with a high BMI suggests that COX-2 deregulation might be driven by excess weight during the colon carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Delage
- Laboratoire Alimentation et Cancerogenese Colique, Unite de Nutrition et Signalisation Cellulaire, Universite Bordeaux1, France
| | - Anne Rullier
- Departement de Pathologie, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maylis Capdepont
- Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Hopital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Rullier
- Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Hopital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierrette Cassand
- Laboratoire Alimentation et Cancerogenese Colique, Unite de Nutrition et Signalisation Cellulaire, Universite Bordeaux1, France
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