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Thallusin Quantification in Marine Bacteria and Algae Cultures. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20110690. [PMID: 36355014 PMCID: PMC9696546 DOI: 10.3390/md20110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thallusin, a highly biologically active, phytohormone-like and bacterial compound-inducing morphogenesis of the green tide-forming macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta), was determined in bacteria and algae cultures. A sensitive and selective method was developed for quantification based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Upon C18 solid phase extraction of the water samples, thallusin was derivatized with iodomethane to inhibit the formation of Fe−thallusin complexes interfering with the chromatographic separation. The concentration of thallusin was quantified during the relevant phases of the bacterial growth of Maribacter spp., ranging from 0.16 ± 0.01 amol cell−1 (at the peak of the exponential growth phase) to 0.86 ± 0.13 amol cell−1 (late stationary phase), indicating its accumulation in the growth medium. Finally, we directly determined the concentration of thallusin in algal culture to validate our approach for monitoring applications. Detection and quantification limits of 2.5 and 7.4 pmol L−1, respectively, were reached, which allow for quantifying ecologically relevant thallusin concentrations. Our approach will enable the surveying of thallusin in culture and in nature and will thus contribute to the chemical monitoring of aquaculture.
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Activity of Semi-Synthetic Mulinanes against MDR, Pre-XDR, and XDR Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120876. [PMID: 34940634 PMCID: PMC8703773 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis causes more than 1.2 million deaths each year. Worldwide, it is the first cause of death by a single infectious agent. The emergence of drug-resistant strains has limited pharmacological treatment of the disease and today, new drugs are urgently needed. Semi-synthetic mulinanes have previously shown important activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this investigation, a new set of semi-synthetic mulinanes were synthetized, characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro activity against three drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis: MDR, pre-extensively Drug-Resistant (pre-XDR), and extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR), and against the drug-susceptible laboratory reference strain H37Rv. Derivative 1a showed the best anti-TB activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 5.4 µM) against the susceptible strain and was twice as potent (MIC = 2.7 µM) on the MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR strains and also possessed a bactericidal effect. Derivative 1a was also tested for its anti-TB activity in mice infected with the MDR strain. In this case, 1a produced a significant reduction of pulmonary bacilli loads, six times lower than the control, when tested at 0.2536 mg/Kg. In addition, 1a demonstrated an adjuvant effect by shortening second-line chemotherapy. Finally, the selectivity index of >15.64 shown by 1a when tested on Vero cells makes this derivative an important candidate for future studies in the development of novel antitubercular agents.
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Chitiva-Chitiva LC, Ladino-Vargas C, Cuca-Suárez LE, Prieto-Rodríguez JA, Patiño-Ladino OJ. Antifungal Activity of Chemical Constituents from Piper pesaresanum C. DC. and Derivatives against Phytopathogen Fungi of Cocoa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113256. [PMID: 34071493 PMCID: PMC8198927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1-3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5-7). Seven derivatives (8-14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C. Chitiva-Chitiva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.C.C.-C.); (L.E.C.-S.)
| | - Cristóbal Ladino-Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (C.L.-V.); (J.A.P.-R.)
| | - Luis E. Cuca-Suárez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.C.C.-C.); (L.E.C.-S.)
| | - Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (C.L.-V.); (J.A.P.-R.)
| | - Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.C.C.-C.); (L.E.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-1-3165000 (ext. 14485)
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Jaggavarapu RMR, Muvvala V, Venkatareddy G, Cheedarala RK. Facile Synthetic Protocols for the preparation of New Impurities in Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate as an Anti-Cancer Drug. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:2-9. [PMID: 33459237 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210114145914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic protocols were employed to prepare process-related impurities associated with the synthesis of pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate, Alimta. The research work is described for the development of the novel synthetic methods and their structure elucidation of Pemetrexed glutamide, N-methyl pemetrexed, and N-methyl pemetrexed glutamide impurities. The listed impurities were deduced through spectral analysis such as 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, and HRMS. The target compounds can be used as the reference substances for the quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Mohana Reddy Jaggavarapu
- Department of Chemistry, Gitam School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, Telangana-502329. India
| | - Venkatanarayana Muvvala
- Department of Chemistry, Gitam School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, Telangana-502329. India
| | - Ghojala Venkatareddy
- MSN Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Sy. No. 50, Kardanur (V), Patancheru(M), Sangareddy Dist., Telangana State. India
| | - Ravi Kumar Cheedarala
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang, Kyeongbuk 790-784. Korea
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Hashim J, Arshad N, Yaseen M, Khan R, Iqbal T, Zehra Hamid S, Kanwal A, Safi I, Ullah I. 3,5-Disubstituted Tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-thiones Ester Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Evaluation. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Cirelli M, Hao J, Bor TC, Duvigneau J, Benson N, Akkerman R, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Printing "Smart" Inks of Redox-Responsive Organometallic Polymers on Microelectrode Arrays for Molecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37060-37068. [PMID: 31525020 PMCID: PMC6790938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Printing arrays of responsive spots for multiplexed sensing with electrochemical readout requires new molecules and precise, high-throughput deposition of active compounds on microelectrodes with spatial control. We have designed and developed new redox-responsive polymers, featuring a poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) backbone and side groups with disulfide units, which allow an efficient and stable bonding to Au substrates, using sulfur-gold coupling chemistry in a "grafting-to" approach. The polymer molecules can be employed for area selective molecular sensing following their deposition by high-precision inkjet printing. The new PFS derivatives, which serve as "molecular inks", were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopies and by gel permeation chromatography. The viscosity and surface tension of the inks were assessed by rheology and pendant drop contact angle measurements, respectively. Commercial microelectrode arrays were modified with the new PFS ink by using inkjet printing in the "drop-on-demand" mode. FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, and EDX-SEM confirmed a successful, spatially localized PFS modification of the individual electrodes within the sensing cells of the microelectrode arrays. The potential application of these devices to act as an electrochemical sensor array was demonstrated with a model analyte, ascorbic acid, by using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirelli
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jinmeng Hao
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis C. Bor
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Duvigneau
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Benson
- Institute
of Technology for Nanostructures, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Bismarckstr. 81, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Remko Akkerman
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Hou X, Kong W, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen W, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Abiotic Methylation of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with the Occurrence of Methyl Iodide in Aqueous Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2019; 6:558-564. [PMID: 33163543 PMCID: PMC7643859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant in the world. Its biotic methylation products, tetrabromobisphenol A mono- and dimethyl ether (TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME, respectively), are frequently detected in the environment, but the importance of abiotic methylation reactions of TBBPA in the environment is not known. In this study, the methylation of TBBPA mediated by methyl iodide (CH3I), a ubiquitous compound in aqueous environments, was investigated in simulated waters in the laboratory. It was found that abiotic methylation occurred under both light and dark conditions and was strongly affected by the pH, temperature, and natural organic matter concentration of the water. Abiotic methylation was further verified in natural river water, and the yield of TBBPA MME mediated abiotically by CH3I was much greater than that of biotic methylation. According to our calculations and by comparison of the activation energies (E a) for the abiotic methylation of TBBPA and the other four typical phenolic contaminants and/or metabolites (bisphenol A, triclosan, 5-OH-BDE-47, and 4'-OH-CB-61) mediated by CH3I, those phenolic compounds all show great methylation potentials. The results indicate a new abiotic pathway for generating TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME from TBBPA, and they also confirm the potentials for abiotic methylation of other phenolic contaminants in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Pattanayak P, Parua SP, Chattopadhyay S. Design and synthesis of immobilised orthopalladated catalyst for C C coupling. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Functionalized Buckyballs for Visualizing Microbial Species in Different States and Environments. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13685. [PMID: 26347365 PMCID: PMC4561912 DOI: 10.1038/srep13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, in situ visualization of microbial density has remained an open problem. Here, functionalized buckyballs (e.g., C60-pyrrolidine tris acid) are shown to be a versatile platform that allows internalization within a microorganism without either adhering to the cell wall and cell membrane or binding to a matrix substrate such as soil. These molecular probes are validated via multi-scale imaging, to show association with microorganisms via fluorescence microscopy, positive cellular uptake via electron microscopy, and non-specific binding to the substrates through a combination of fluorescence and autoradiography imaging. We also demonstrate that cysteine-functionalized C60-pyrrolidine tris acid can differentiate live and dead microorganisms.
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New polyphenols from a deep sea Spiromastix sp. Fungus, and their antibacterial activities. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2526-40. [PMID: 25913707 PMCID: PMC4413224 DOI: 10.3390/md13042526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven new polyphenols namely spiromastols A–K (1–11) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a deep sea-derived fungus Spiromastix sp. MCCC 3A00308. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR data and mass spectroscopic analysis in association with chemical conversion. The structures are classified as diphenyl ethers, diphenyl esters and isocoumarin derivatives, while the n-propyl group in the analogues is rarely found in natural products. Compounds 1–3 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against a panel of bacterial strains, including Xanthomanes vesicatoria, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus thuringensis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 4 µg/mL. The structure-activity relationships are discussed, while the polychlorinated analogues 1–3 are assumed to be a promising structural model for further development as antibacterial agents.
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11
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12
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Zhao B, Greiner L, Leitner W. Esterification of carboxylate-based ionic liquids with alkyl halides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2973-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Li L, Seeram NP. Maple syrup phytochemicals include lignans, coumarins, a stilbene, and other previously unreported antioxidant phenolic compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11673-11679. [PMID: 21033720 DOI: 10.1021/jf1033398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three phenolic compounds were isolated from a butanol extract of Canadian maple syrup (MS-BuOH) using chromatographic methods. The compounds were identified from their nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data as 7 lignans [lyoniresinol (1), secoisolariciresinol (2), dehydroconiferyl alcohol (3), 5'-methoxy-dehydroconiferyl alcohol (4), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl alcohol (5), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-dihydroconiferyl alcohol (6), and [3-[4-[(6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl]-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (7)], 2 coumarins [scopoletin (8) and fraxetin (9)], a stilbene [(E)-3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxystilbene (10)], and 13 phenolic derivatives [2-hydroxy-3',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone (11), 1-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanone (12), 2,4,5-trihydroxyacetophenone (13), catechaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), syringaldehyde (16), gallic acid (17), trimethyl gallic acid methyl ester (18), syringic acid (19), syringenin (20), (E)-coniferol (21), C-veratroylglycol (22), and catechol (23)]. The antioxidant activities of MS-BuOH (IC50>1000 μg/mL), pure compounds, vitamin C (IC50=58 μM), and a synthetic commercial antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50=2651 μM), were evaluated in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Among the isolates, the phenolic derivatives and coumarins showed superior antioxidant activity (IC50<100 μM) compared to the lignans and stilbene (IC50>100 μM). Also, this is the first report of 16 of these 23 phenolics, that is, compounds 1, 2, 4-14, 18, 20, and 22, in maple syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Allard S, Gallard H, Fontaine C, Croué JP. Formation of methyl iodide on a natural manganese oxide. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:4623-9. [PMID: 20580399 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that manganese oxides can initiate the formation of methyl iodide, a volatile compound that participates to the input of iodine into the atmosphere. The formation of methyl iodide was investigated using a natural manganese oxide in batch experiments for different conditions and concentrations of iodide, natural organic matter (NOM) and manganese oxide. Methyl iodide was formed at concentrations <or=1 microg L(-1) for initial iodide concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 38.0 mg L(-1). The production of methyl iodide increased with increasing initial concentrations of iodide ion and Mn sand and when pH decreased from 7 to 5. The hydrophilic NOM isolate exhibited the lowest yield of methyl iodide whereas hydrophobic NOM isolates such as Suwannee River HPOA fraction produced the highest concentration of methyl iodide. The formation of methyl iodide could take place through the oxidation of NOM on manganese dioxide in the presence of iodide. However, the implication of elemental iodine cannot be excluded at acidic pH. Manganese oxides can then participate with ferric oxides to the formation of methyl iodide in soils and sediments. The formation of methyl iodide is unlikely in technical systems such as drinking water treatment i.e. for ppt levels of iodide and low contact times with manganese oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Allard
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Eau UMR CNRS 6008, ESIP, Université de Poitiers, 40 avenue du recteur Pineau, 86 022 Poitiers Cedex, France
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Boekhoven J, Brizard A, Kowlgi K, Koper G, Eelkema R, van Esch J. Dissipative Self-Assembly of a Molecular Gelator by Using a Chemical Fuel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4825-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Boekhoven J, Brizard A, Kowlgi K, Koper G, Eelkema R, van Esch J. Dissipative Self-Assembly of a Molecular Gelator by Using a Chemical Fuel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Guo M, Gao S. Degradation of methyl iodide in soil: effects of environmental factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2009; 38:513-519. [PMID: 19202021 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methyl iodide (MeI) is a promising alternative to the phased-out fumigant methyl bromide (MeBr); however, there are concerns about its environmental fate following soil fumigation. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental factors on the rate of MeI degradation in soil. The chemical was added to soil at 48.6 mg kg(-1) and incubated under different conditions. The MeI degradation rate in soil was determined by extracting and measuring residual concentrations over a 15 d incubation period. In soil, MeI degradation followed availability-adjusted first-order kinetics. At 20 degrees C MeI had a calculated half-life of 32 d in a sandy loam containing 4.3 g kg(-1) of organic carbon. It degraded more rapidly as temperature increased, exhibiting a half-life of 23 d at 30 degrees C. Amendment with 10% cattle manure shortened the half-life to 4 d at 20 degrees C. In both unamended and manure-amended soils, the half-life of MeI greatly increased as the organic matter (OM) was removed and it only slightly increased in soils that were sterilized, indicating predominance of chemical reactions in MeI degradation. Soil texture, mineralogy, and moderate moisture content had little influence on MeI degradation. The degradation slowed as the chemical application rate increased. The results suggest that environmental factors, especially soil temperature and organic amendments, should be considered in combination with the minimum effective MeI application rate for achieving satisfactory pest-control efficacy, reducing atmospheric volatilization, and minimizing groundwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Guo
- Dep. of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State Univ., Dover, DE 19901, USA.
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Shanaiah N, Desilva MA, Nagana Gowda GA, Raftery MA, Hainline BE, Raftery D. Class selection of amino acid metabolites in body fluids using chemical derivatization and their enhanced 13C NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11540-4. [PMID: 17606902 PMCID: PMC1913896 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704449104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a chemical derivatization method that selects a class of metabolites from a complex mixture and enhances their detection by 13C NMR. Acetylation of amines directly in aqueous medium with 1,1'-13C(2) acetic anhydride is a simple method that creates a high sensitivity and quantitative label in complex biofluids with minimal sample pretreatment. Detection using either 1D or 2D 13C NMR experiments produces highly resolved spectra with improved sensitivity. Experiments to identify and compare amino acids and related metabolites in normal human urine and serum samples as well as in urine from patients with the inborn errors of metabolism tyrosinemia type II, argininosuccinic aciduria, homocystinuria, and phenylketonuria demonstrate the method. The use of metabolite derivatization and 13C NMR spectroscopy produces data suitable for metabolite profiling analysis of biofluids on a time scale that allows routine use. Extension of this approach to enhance the NMR detection of other classes of metabolites has also been accomplished. The improved detection of low-concentration metabolites shown here creates opportunities to improve the understanding of the biological processes and develop improved disease detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Aruni Desilva
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
| | - Michael A. Raftery
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
| | - Bryan E. Hainline
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Metabolism and Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniel Raftery
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Seshan R, Mathai MK, Unny PVK, Nagalingam S. A Facile Solvent-Free Synthesis of High Specific Activity Potassium [ 14C]Formate and Ethyl [ 14C]Formate Under Microwave Irradiation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.3184/030823406776331124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Potassium [14C]cyanide was first hydrolysed to potassium [14C]formate with dilute alkali under microwave (1300 W) irradiation for 8 min in a sealed glass ampoule. Potassium [14C]formate was then esterified with triethyl orthophosphate under microwave irradiation for 20 min to furnish ethyl [14C]formate having high specific radioactivity (50 mCi/mmol) in an yield of 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Seshan
- Labelled Compounds, Radiopharmaceuticals, Immunoassay, Labelled Compounds and Jonaki, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Mathew Kudulil Mathai
- Labelled Compounds, Radiopharmaceuticals, Immunoassay, Labelled Compounds and Jonaki, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Parameshwaran Vadakke Kodara Unny
- Labelled Compounds, Radiopharmaceuticals, Immunoassay, Labelled Compounds and Jonaki, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Sivaprasad Nagalingam
- Labelled Compounds, Radiopharmaceuticals, Immunoassay, Labelled Compounds and Jonaki, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
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Behanna HA, Stupp SI. Synthesis of stilbene carboxylic acids as scaffolds for calcium sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4845-7. [PMID: 16193134 DOI: 10.1039/b506423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis and characterization of calcium binding stilbene carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Behanna
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Ling QD, Kang ET, Neoh KG, Huang W. Synthesis and Nearly Monochromatic Photoluminescence Properties of Conjugated Copolymers Containing Fluorene and Rare Earth Complexes. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034362d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. D. Ling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - E. T. Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - K. G. Neoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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