1
|
Niedziółka SM, Datta S, Uśpieński T, Baran B, Skarżyńska W, Humke EW, Rohatgi R, Niewiadomski P. The exocyst complex and intracellular vesicles mediate soluble protein trafficking to the primary cilium. Commun Biol 2024; 7:213. [PMID: 38378792 PMCID: PMC10879184 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficient transport of proteins into the primary cilium is a crucial step for many signaling pathways. Dysfunction of this process can lead to the disruption of signaling cascades or cilium assembly, resulting in developmental disorders and cancer. Previous studies on the protein delivery to the cilium were mostly focused on the membrane-embedded receptors. In contrast, how soluble proteins are delivered into the cilium is poorly understood. In our work, we identify the exocyst complex as a key player in the ciliary trafficking of soluble Gli transcription factors. In line with the known function of the exocyst in intracellular vesicle transport, we demonstrate that soluble proteins, including Gli2/3 and Lkb1, can use the endosome recycling machinery for their delivery to the primary cilium. Finally, we identify GTPases: Rab14, Rab18, Rab23, and Arf4 that are involved in vesicle-mediated Gli protein ciliary trafficking. Our data pave the way for a better understanding of ciliary transport and uncover transport mechanisms inside the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Niedziółka
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Datta
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Uśpieński
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Baran
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Skarżyńska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E W Humke
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- IGM Biosciences, Inc, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Rohatgi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P Niewiadomski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu H, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Cai M, Gao J, Shao L, Shi Y, Li H, Ji H, Zhao Y, Wang H. Mechanistic Insights into Membrane Protein Clustering Revealed by Visualizing EGFR Secretion. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9835035. [PMID: 36340505 PMCID: PMC9620640 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9835035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plasmalemmal proteins are organized into clusters to modulate various cellular functions. However, the machineries that regulate protein clustering remain largely unclear. Here, with EGFR as an example, we directly and in detail visualized the entire process of EGFR from synthesis to secretion onto the plasma membrane (PM) using a high-speed, high-resolution spinning-disk confocal microscope. First, colocalization imaging revealed that EGFR secretory vesicles underwent transport from the ER to the Golgi to the PM, eventually forming different distribution forms on the apical and basal membranes; that is, most EGFR formed larger clusters on the apical membrane than the basal membrane. A dynamic tracking image and further siRNA interference experiment confirmed that fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane led to EGFR clusters, and we showed that EGFR PM clustering may be intimately related to EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Finally, we found that the size and origin of the secretory vesicles themselves may determine the difference in the distribution patterns of EGFR on the PM. More importantly, we showed that actin influenced the EGFR distribution by controlling the fusion of secretory vesicles with the PM. Collectively, a comprehensive understanding of the EGFR secretion process helps us to unravel the EGFR clustering process and elucidate the key factors determining the differences in the spatial distribution of EGFR PM, highlighting the correlation between EGFR secretion and its PM distribution pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Yijia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Lina Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Hongru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 130102, China
| | - Yikai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Loss of E-Cadherin Leads to Druggable Vulnerabilities in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Vesicle Trafficking. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010102. [PMID: 35008266 PMCID: PMC8749886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germline loss of the CDH1 gene is the primary genetic basis for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, a disease resulting in elevated risk of both diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Current preventative treatment consists of prophylactic total gastrectomy, a therapy with several associated long-term morbidities. To address the lack of targeted molecular therapies for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, we have utilized a synthetic lethal approach to identify candidate compounds that can specifically kill CDH1-null cells. Inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking pathways were identified as promising candidate compounds in a cell line model of CDH1 loss, then further validated in murine-derived organoid models of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. With further research, these findings may lead to the development of novel chemoprevention strategies for the treatment of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Abstract Germline inactivating variants of CDH1 are causative of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), a cancer syndrome characterized by an increased risk of both diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Because loss of function mutations are difficult to target therapeutically, we have taken a synthetic lethal approach to identify targetable vulnerabilities in CDH1-null cells. We have previously observed that CDH1-null MCF10A cells exhibit a reduced rate of endocytosis relative to wildtype MCF10A cells. To determine whether this deficiency is associated with wider vulnerabilities in vesicle trafficking, we screened isogenic MCF10A cell lines with known inhibitors of autophagy, endocytosis, and sphingolipid metabolism. Relative to wildtype MCF10A cells, CDH1−/− MCF10A cells showed significantly greater sensitivity to several drugs targeting these processes, including the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, the endocytosis inhibitors chlorpromazine and PP1, and the sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor PF-543. Synthetic lethality was confirmed in both gastric and mammary organoid models of CDH1 loss, derived from CD44-Cre/Cdh1fl/fl/tdTomato mice. Collectively, these results suggest that both sphingolipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking represent previously unrecognised druggable vulnerabilities in CDH1-null cells and may lead to the development of new therapies for HDGC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen D, Zheng Q, Sun L, Ji M, Li Y, Deng H, Zhang H. ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2 promotes lysosomal exocytosis-mediated viral egress. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3250-3263.e5. [PMID: 34706264 PMCID: PMC8502680 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral entry and egress are important determinants of virus infectivity and pathogenicity. β-coronaviruses, including the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), exploit the lysosomal exocytosis pathway for egress. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, but not SARS-CoV ORF3a, promotes lysosomal exocytosis. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a facilitates lysosomal targeting of the BORC-ARL8b complex, which mediates trafficking of lysosomes to the vicinity of the plasma membrane, and exocytosis-related SNARE proteins. The Ca2+ channel TRPML3 is required for SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a-mediated lysosomal exocytosis. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a greatly elevates extracellular viral release in cells infected with the coronavirus MHV-A59, which itself lacks ORF3a. In SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, Ser171 and Trp193 are critical for promoting lysosomal exocytosis and blocking autophagy. When these residues are introduced into SARS-CoV ORF3a, it acquires the ability to promote lysosomal exocytosis and inhibit autophagy. Our results reveal a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host factors to promote its extracellular egress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoxia Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Long Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Li M, Wang M, Xu H, Wang Z, Li Y, Ding B, Gao J. Effects of the surface charge of polyamidoamine dendrimers on cellular exocytosis and the exocytosis mechanism in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:135. [PMID: 33980270 PMCID: PMC8114490 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer applications have extended from tumor cells to multidrug-resistant tumor cells. However, their transportation in multidrug-resistant tumor cells remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the exocytosis rule and mechanism of PAMAM dendrimers in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Results Using a multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cell model (MCF-7/ADR), we performed systematic analyses of the cellular exocytosis dynamics, pathways and mechanisms of three PAMAM dendrimers with different surface charges: positively charged PAMAM-NH2, neutral PAMAM-OH and negatively charged PAMAM-COOH. The experimental data indicated that in MCF-7/ADR cells, the exocytosis rate was the highest for PAMAM-NH2 and the lowest for PAMAM-OH. Three intracellular transportation processes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) participated in PAMAM-NH2 exocytosis in MCF-7/ADR cells. Two intracellular transportation processes, P-gp and multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated protein participated in PAMAM-COOH exocytosis. P-gp and MDR-associated protein participated in PAMAM-OH exocytosis. Intracellular transportation processes, rather than P-gp and MDR-associated protein, played major roles in PAMAM dendrimer exocytosis. PAMAM-NH2 could enter MCF-7/ADR cells by forming nanoscale membrane holes, but this portion of PAMAM-NH2 was eliminated by P-gp. Compared with PAMAM-OH and PAMAM-COOH, positively charged PAMAM-NH2 was preferentially attracted to the mitochondria and cell nuclei. Major vault protein (MVP) promoted exocytosis of PAMAM-NH2 from the nucleus but had no effect on the exocytosis of PAMAM-OH or PAMAM-COOH. Conclusions Positive charges on the surface of PAMAM dendrimer promote its exocytosis in MCF-7/ADR cells. Three intracellular transportation processes, attraction to the mitochondria and cell nucleus, as well as nuclear efflux generated by MVP led to the highest exocytosis observed for PAMAM-NH2. Our findings provide theoretical guidance to design a surface-charged tumor-targeting drug delivery system with highly efficient transfection in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Especially, to provide more DNA to the nucleus and enhance DNA transfection efficiency in multidrug-resistant tumor cells using PAMAM-NH2, siRNA-MVP or an inhibitor should be codelivered to decrease MVP-mediated nuclear efflux. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00881-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiahang Road 118, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 409, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Folylpoly-ɣ-glutamate synthetase association to the cytoskeleton: Implications to folate metabolon compartmentalization. J Proteomics 2021; 239:104169. [PMID: 33676037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Folates are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism and cellular proliferation. Following carrier-mediated uptake, folates are polyglutamylated by folylpoly-ɣ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), resulting in their intracellular retention. FPGS appears as a long isoform, directed to mitochondria via a leader sequence, and a short isoform reported as a soluble cytosolic protein (cFPGS). However, since folates are labile and folate metabolism is compartmentalized, we herein hypothesized that cFPGS is associated with the cytoskeleton, to couple folate uptake and polyglutamylation and channel folate polyglutamates to metabolon compartments. We show that cFPGS is a cytoskeleton-microtubule associated protein: Western blot analysis revealed that endogenous cFPGS is associated with the insoluble cellular fraction, i.e., cytoskeleton and membranes, but not with the cytosol. Mass spectrometry analysis identified the putative cFPGS interactome primarily consisting of microtubule subunits and cytoskeletal motor proteins. Consistently, immunofluorescence microscopy with cytosol-depleted cells demonstrated the association of cFPGS with the cytoskeleton and unconventional myosin-1c. Furthermore, since anti-microtubule, anti-actin cytoskeleton, and coatomer dissociation-inducing agents yielded perinuclear pausing of cFPGS, we propose an actin- and microtubule-dependent transport of cFPGS between the ER-Golgi and the plasma membrane. These novel findings support the coupling of folate transport with polyglutamylation and folate channeling to intracellular metabolon compartments. SIGNIFICANCE: FPGS, an essential enzyme catalyzing intracellular folate polyglutamylation and efficient retention, was described as a soluble cytosolic enzyme in the past 40 years. However, based on the lability of folates and the compartmentalization of folate metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis, we herein hypothesized that cytoplasmic FPGS is associated with the cytoskeleton, to couple folate transport and polyglutamylation as well as channel folate polyglutamates to biosynthetic metabolon compartments. Indeed, using complementary techniques including Mass-spectrometry proteomics and fluorescence microscopy, we show that cytoplasmic FPGS is associated with the cytoskeleton and unconventional myosin-1c. This novel cytoskeletal localization of cytoplasmic FPGS supports the dynamic channeling of polyglutamylated folates to metabolon compartments to avoid oxidation and intracellular dilution of folates, while enhancing folate-dependent de novo biosynthesis of nucleotides and DNA/protein methylation.
Collapse
|
7
|
β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway. Cell 2020; 183:1520-1535.e14. [PMID: 33157038 PMCID: PMC7590812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped RNA viruses that includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much is known regarding their cellular entry and replication pathways, but their mode of egress remains uncertain. Using imaging methodologies and virus-specific reporters, we demonstrate that β-coronaviruses utilize lysosomal trafficking for egress rather than the biosynthetic secretory pathway more commonly used by other enveloped viruses. This unconventional egress is regulated by the Arf-like small GTPase Arl8b and can be blocked by the Rab7 GTPase competitive inhibitor CID1067700. Such non-lytic release of β-coronaviruses results in lysosome deacidification, inactivation of lysosomal degradation enzymes, and disruption of antigen presentation pathways. β-Coronavirus-induced exploitation of lysosomal organelles for egress provides insights into the cellular and immunological abnormalities observed in patients and suggests new therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Han B, Xie W, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Yang J, Wang R, Sun Y, Wang X, Xu J, Chen D, Wang Y, Lu J, Ning F, Shen F, Liu M, Cai H, Xin H, Lu W, Zhang X. The influx/efflux mechanisms of d-peptide ligand of nAChRs across the blood-brain barrier and its therapeutic value in treating glioma. J Control Release 2020; 327:384-396. [PMID: 32791079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A d-peptide ligand of the nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), termed DCDX, enables drug delivery to the brain when incorporated into liposomes and has shown promise as a nanocarrier for treating brain diseases. However, few reports have described the mechanisms whereby DCDX-modified liposomes traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms enabling DCDX (and its associated liposomes) to cross an in vitro BBB using a simulated cerebral endothelium monolayer formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells). We also examined the mechanisms whereby DCDX-modified liposomes cross the BBB in vivo using the brain efflux-index method. Transport of DCDX and its modified liposomes was dominantly mediated via the lipid raft/caveolae endocytic pathway. Both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex participated in delivering DCDX-modified liposomes to the plasma membrane (PM). DCDX-modified liposomes also participated in the endosome/lysosome pathway (with high-efficiency BBB crossing observed in vitro), while competing for the ER/Golgi/PM pathway. In addition, nAChR α7 did not promote the transportation of DCDX-modified liposomes in vivo or in vitro, as assessed with α7-knockout mice and by performing α-bungarotoxin (α-Bgt) binding-competition experiments. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was identified as the main efflux transporter across the BBB, in vivo and in vitro. Using a xenograft nude mouse model of human glioblastoma multiforme, blocking the efflux function of P-gp with verapamil enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of DCDX-modified liposomes that were formulated with doxorubicin against glioblastoma. The findings of this study reveal novel mechanisms underlying crossing of the BBB by DCDX-modified liposomes, suggesting that DCDX-modified liposomes can potentially serve as a powerful therapeutic tool for treating glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Xie
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Zhou
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Yang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhang Wang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Ning
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cai
- Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fletcher-Jones A, Hildick KL, Evans AJ, Nakamura Y, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA. Protein Interactors and Trafficking Pathways That Regulate the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor (CB1R). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:108. [PMID: 32595453 PMCID: PMC7304349 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a negative feedback mechanism to suppress synaptic transmission and plays a major role in a diverse range of brain functions including, for example, the regulation of mood, energy balance, and learning and memory. The function and dysfunction of the ECS are strongly implicated in multiple psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in the brain and, as for any synaptic receptor, CB1R needs to be in the right place at the right time to respond appropriately to changing synaptic circumstances. While CB1R is found intracellularly throughout neurons, its surface expression is highly polarized to the axonal membrane, consistent with its functional expression at presynaptic sites. Surprisingly, despite the importance of CB1R, the interacting proteins and molecular mechanisms that regulate the highly polarized distribution and function of CB1R remain relatively poorly understood. Here we set out what is currently known about the trafficking pathways and protein interactions that underpin the surface expression and axonal polarity of CB1R, and highlight key questions that still need to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fletcher-Jones
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L Hildick
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Evans
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Swaney B, Luxenburger A, Lucas NT, Hawkins BC, Hinkley SF. The synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane scaffolds from brefeldin A. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
Silva Z, Ferro T, Almeida D, Soares H, Ferreira JA, Deschepper FM, Hensbergen PJ, Pirro M, van Vliet SJ, Springer S, Videira PA. MHC Class I Stability is Modulated by Cell Surface Sialylation in Human Dendritic Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030249. [PMID: 32164343 PMCID: PMC7150992 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturation of human Dendritic Cells (DCs) is characterized by increased expression of antigen presentation molecules, and overall decreased levels of sialic acid at cell surface. Here, we aimed to identify sialylated proteins at DC surface and comprehend their role and modulation. Mass spectrometry analysis of DC’s proteins, pulled down by a sialic acid binding lectin, identified molecules of the major human histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), known as human leucocyte antigen (HLA). After desialylation, DCs showed significantly higher reactivity with antibodies specific for properly folded MHC-I-β2-microglobulin complex and for β2-microglobulin but showed significant lower reactivity with an antibody specific for free MHC-I heavy chain. Similar results for antibody reactivities were observed for TAP2-deficient lymphoblastoid T2 cells, which express HLA-A*02:01. Using fluorescent peptide specifically fitting the groove of HLA-A*02:01, instead of antibody staining, also showed higher peptide binding on desialylated cells, confirming higher surface expression of MHC-I complex. A decay assay showed that desialylation doubled the half-life of MHC-I molecules at cell surface in both DCs and T2 cells. The biological impact of DC´s desialylation was evaluated in co-cultures with autologous T cells, showing higher number and earlier immunological synapses, and consequent significantly increased production of IFN-γ by T cells. In summary, sialic acid content modulates the expression and stability of complex MHC-I, which may account for the improved DC-T synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zélia Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Z.S.); (T.F.); (D.A.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Tiago Ferro
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Z.S.); (T.F.); (D.A.); (F.M.D.)
- CDG & Allies – PPAIN- Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Danielle Almeida
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Z.S.); (T.F.); (D.A.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Human Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fanny M. Deschepper
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Z.S.); (T.F.); (D.A.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Martina Pirro
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HzAmsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Paula A. Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Z.S.); (T.F.); (D.A.); (F.M.D.)
- CDG & Allies – PPAIN- Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212948530
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ryan AQ, Chan CJ, Graner F, Hiiragi T. Lumen Expansion Facilitates Epiblast-Primitive Endoderm Fate Specification during Mouse Blastocyst Formation. Dev Cell 2019; 51:684-697.e4. [PMID: 31735667 PMCID: PMC6912163 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues typically form lumina. In mammalian blastocysts, in which the first embryonic lumen forms, many studies have investigated how the cell lineages are specified through genetics and signaling, whereas potential roles of the fluid lumen have yet to be investigated. We discover that in mouse pre-implantation embryos at the onset of lumen formation, cytoplasmic vesicles are secreted into intercellular space. The segregation of epiblast and primitive endoderm directly follows lumen coalescence. Notably, pharmacological and biophysical perturbation of lumen expansion impairs the specification and spatial segregation of primitive endoderm cells within the blastocyst. Luminal deposition of FGF4 expedites fate specification and partially rescues the reduced specification in blastocysts with smaller cavities. Combined, our results suggest that blastocyst lumen expansion plays a critical role in guiding cell fate specification and positioning, possibly mediated by luminally deposited FGF4. Lumen expansion may provide a general mechanism for tissue pattern formation. Lumenogenesis coincides with cytoplasmic vesicle release into intercellular space Mouse blastocyst epiblast-primitive endoderm segregation follows lumen expansion Reduced lumen expansion impairs cell fate specification and segregation Luminally deposited FGF4 expedites epiblast-primitive endoderm specification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Quinn Ryan
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7057, Condorcet Building 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Chii Jou Chan
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - François Graner
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7057, Condorcet Building 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaur S, Gupta S, Chaudhary M, Khursheed MA, Mitra S, Kurup AJ, Ramachandran R. let-7 MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Shh Signaling and the Gene Regulatory Network Is Essential for Retina Regeneration. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1409-1423. [PMID: 29719254 PMCID: PMC5946716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon injury, Müller glia cells of the zebrafish retina reprogram themselves to progenitor cells with stem cell characteristics. This necessity for retina regeneration is often compromised in mammals. We explored the significance of developmentally inevitable Sonic hedgehog signaling and found its necessity in MG reprogramming during retina regeneration. We report on stringent translational regulation of sonic hedgehog, smoothened, and patched1 by let-7 microRNA, which is regulated by Lin28a, in Müller glia (MG)-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs). We also show Shh-signaling-mediated induction of Ascl1 in mouse and zebrafish retina. Moreover, Shh-signaling-dependent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase9, in turn, regulates Shha levels and genes essential for retina regeneration, such as lin28a, zic2b, and foxn4. These observations were further confirmed through whole-retina RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. This mechanistic gene expression network could lead to a better understanding of retina regeneration and, consequently, aid in designing strategies for therapeutic intervention in human retinal diseases. Shh signaling is essential for MG dedifferentiation during retina regeneration Shh signaling components are regulated by let-7 microRNA in the zebrafish retina A regulatory feedback loop between Mmp9 and Shh signaling is active in the retina Shh signaling induced a gene-regulatory network involving mmp9, ascl1a, zic2b, and foxn4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shivangi Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Soumitra Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Akshai Janardhana Kurup
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng J, Wu Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Liu S, Wang H, Li C. Enhanced Chemical Stability, Intestinal Absorption, and Intracellular Antioxidant Activity of Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside by Composite Nanogel Encapsulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10432-10447. [PMID: 31466447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A composite nanogel was developed for cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) delivery by combining Maillard reaction and heat gelation. The starting materials utilized were ovalbumin, dextran, and pectin. C3G-loaded nanogel was spherical with a diameter of ∼185 nm, which was maintained over a wide range of pH and NaCl concentrations. The composite nanogel enhanced the chemical stability of C3G under accelerated degradation models and a simulated gastrointestinal tract. Clathrin-mediated, caveolae-mediated, and macropinocytosis-related endocytosis contributed to the higher cellular uptake of nano-C3G than that of free-C3G. The apparent permeability coefficients of C3G increased 2.16 times after nanoencapsulation. The transcytosis of the C3G-bearing nanogel occurred primarily through the clathrin-related pathway and macropinocytosis and followed the "common recycling endosomes-endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex-basolateral plasma membrane" route. Moreover, nano-C3G was more efficient in restoring the viability of cells and activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes than free-C3G in oxidative models, which may be attributed to the former's high cellular absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Yinghui Wu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | | | | | - Chunyang Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McDonnell SJ, Spiller DG, White MRH, Prior IA, Paraoan L. ER stress-linked autophagy stabilizes apoptosis effector PERP and triggers its co-localization with SERCA2b at ER-plasma membrane junctions. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:132. [PMID: 31508245 PMCID: PMC6718399 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific molecular interactions that underpin the switch between ER stress-triggered autophagy-mediated cellular repair and cellular death by apoptosis are not characterized. This study reports the unexpected interaction elicited by ER stress between the plasma membrane (PM)-localized apoptosis effector PERP and the ER Ca2+ pump SERCA2b. We show that the p53 effector PERP, which specifically induces apoptosis when expressed above a threshold level, has a heterogeneous distribution across the PM of un-stressed cells and is actively turned over by the lysosome. PERP is upregulated following sustained starvation-induced autophagy, which precedes the onset of apoptosis indicating that PERP protein levels are controlled by a lysosomal pathway that is sensitive to cellular physiological state. Furthermore, ER stress stabilizes PERP at the PM and induces its increasing co-localization with SERCA2b at ER–PM junctions. The findings highlight a novel crosstalk between pro-survival autophagy and pro-death apoptosis pathways and identify, for the first time, accumulation of an apoptosis effector to ER–PM junctions in response to ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J McDonnell
- 1Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - David G Spiller
- 2Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Michael R H White
- 3School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Ian A Prior
- 4Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- 1Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Huynh W, Skokan TD, Lu W, Weiss A, Vale RD. CRACR2a is a calcium-activated dynein adaptor protein that regulates endocytic traffic. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1619-1633. [PMID: 30814157 PMCID: PMC6504896 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of intracellular cargo generally requires coiled-coil adaptor proteins that connect cargo-bound receptors, usually GTPases, to dynein motor complexes. Wang et al. report that two Rab GTPases, CRACR2a and Rab45, contain coiled-coil domains and can directly act as dynein adaptors with CRACR2a–dynein participating in calcium-regulated endocytic trafficking. Cytoplasmic dynein is a minus end–directed microtubule motor that transports intracellular cargoes. Transport is initiated by coiled-coil adaptors that (a) join dynein and its cofactor dynactin into a motile complex and (b) interact with a cargo-bound receptor, which is frequently a Rab GTPase on an organelle. Here, we report two novel dynein adaptors, CRACR2a and Rab45, that have a coiled-coil adaptor domain, a pair of EF-hands, and a Rab GTPase fused into a single polypeptide. CRACR2a-mediated, but not Rab45-mediated, dynein motility is activated by calcium in vitro. In Jurkat T cells, elevation of intracellular calcium activates CRACR2a-mediated dynein transport. We further found that T cell receptor activation induces the formation of CRACR2a puncta at the plasma membrane, which initially associate with the actin cortex and subsequently detach and travel along microtubules, suggestive of an endocytic process. These results provide the first examples of Rab GTPases that directly act as dynein adaptors and implicate CRACR2a–dynein in calcium-regulated endocytic trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Walter Huynh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Taylor D Skokan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wen Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ronald D Vale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thottacherry JJ, Kosmalska AJ, Kumar A, Vishen AS, Elosegui-Artola A, Pradhan S, Sharma S, Singh PP, Guadamillas MC, Chaudhary N, Vishwakarma R, Trepat X, Del Pozo MA, Parton RG, Rao M, Pullarkat P, Roca-Cusachs P, Mayor S. Mechanochemical feedback control of dynamin independent endocytosis modulates membrane tension in adherent cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4217. [PMID: 30310066 PMCID: PMC6181995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane tension regulates many key cellular processes. It is modulated by, and can modulate, membrane trafficking. However, the cellular pathway(s) involved in this interplay is poorly understood. Here we find that, among a number of endocytic processes operating simultaneously at the cell surface, a dynamin independent pathway, the CLIC/GEEC (CG) pathway, is rapidly and specifically upregulated upon a sudden reduction of tension. Moreover, inhibition (activation) of the CG pathway results in lower (higher) membrane tension. However, alteration in membrane tension does not directly modulate CG endocytosis. This requires vinculin, a mechano-transducer recruited to focal adhesion in adherent cells. Vinculin acts by controlling the levels of a key regulator of the CG pathway, GBF1, at the plasma membrane. Thus, the CG pathway directly regulates membrane tension and is in turn controlled via a mechano-chemical feedback inhibition, potentially leading to homeostatic regulation of membrane tension in adherent cells. Plasma membrane tension is an important factor that regulates many key cellular processes. Here authors show that a specific dynamin-independent endocytic pathway is modulated by changes in tension via the mechano-transducer vinculin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jose Thottacherry
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Anita Joanna Kosmalska
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Amit Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Amit Singh Vishen
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | | | - Susav Pradhan
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Parvinder P Singh
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Marta C Guadamillas
- Integrin Signalling Lab, Cell Biology & Physiology Program, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Natasha Chaudhary
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Integrin Signalling Lab, Cell Biology & Physiology Program, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Robert G Parton
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Madan Rao
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Pramod Pullarkat
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bengaluru, 560065, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Membrane Flow Drives an Adhesion-Independent Amoeboid Cell Migration Mode. Dev Cell 2018; 46:9-22.e4. [PMID: 29937389 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells migrate by applying rearward forces against extracellular media. It is unclear how this is achieved in amoeboid migration, which lacks adhesions typical of lamellipodia-driven mesenchymal migration. To address this question, we developed optogenetically controlled models of lamellipodia-driven and amoeboid migration. On a two-dimensional surface, migration speeds in both modes were similar. However, when suspended in liquid, only amoeboid cells exhibited rapid migration accompanied by rearward membrane flow. These cells exhibited increased endocytosis at the back and membrane trafficking from back to front. Genetic or pharmacological perturbation of this polarized trafficking inhibited migration. The ratio of cell migration and membrane flow speeds matched the predicted value from a model where viscous forces tangential to the cell-liquid interface propel the cell forward. Since this mechanism does not require specific molecular interactions with the surrounding medium, it can facilitate amoeboid migration observed in diverse microenvironments during immune function and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sarkar S, Sabhachandani P, Ravi D, Potdar S, Purvey S, Beheshti A, Evens AM, Konry T. Dynamic Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Response at Single-Cell Resolution in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1736. [PMID: 29312292 PMCID: PMC5735063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer cells. The susceptibility of target cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity depends on the strength and balance of regulatory (activating/inhibitory) ligands expressed on target cell surface. We performed gene expression arrays to determine patterns of NK cell ligands associated with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (b-NHL). Microarray analyses revealed significant upregulation of a multitude of NK-activating and costimulatory ligands across varied b-NHL cell lines and primary lymphoma cells, including ULBP1, CD72, CD48, and SLAMF6. To correlate genetic signatures with functional anti-lymphoma activity, we developed a dynamic and quantitative cytotoxicity assay in an integrated microfluidic droplet generation and docking array. Individual NK cells and target lymphoma cells were co-encapsulated in picoliter-volume droplets to facilitate monitoring of transient cellular interactions and NK cell effector outcomes at single-cell level. We identified significant variability in NK-lymphoma cell contact duration, frequency, and subsequent cytolysis. Death of lymphoma cells undergoing single contact with NK cells occurred faster than cells that made multiple short contacts. NK cells also killed target cells in droplets via contact-independent mechanisms that partially relied on calcium-dependent processes and perforin secretion, but not on cytokines (interferon-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α). We extended this technique to characterize functional heterogeneity in cytolysis of primary cells from b-NHL patients. Tumor cells from two diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients showed similar contact durations with NK cells; primary Burkitt lymphoma cells made longer contacts and were lysed at later times. We also tested the cytotoxic efficacy of NK-92, a continuously growing NK cell line being investigated as an antitumor therapy, using our droplet-based bioassay. NK-92 cells were found to be more efficient in killing b-NHL cells compared with primary NK cells, requiring shorter contacts for faster killing activity. Taken together, our combined genetic and microfluidic analysis demonstrate b-NHL cell sensitivity to NK cell-based cytotoxicity, which was associated with significant heterogeneity in the dynamic interaction at single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pooja Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sayalee Potdar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sneha Purvey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Bacterial viruses are among the most numerous biological entities within the human body. These viruses are found within regions of the body that have conventionally been considered sterile, including the blood, lymph, and organs. However, the primary mechanism that bacterial viruses use to bypass epithelial cell layers and access the body remains unknown. Here, we used in vitro studies to demonstrate the rapid and directional transcytosis of diverse bacteriophages across confluent cell layers originating from the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and brain. Bacteriophage transcytosis across cell layers had a significant preferential directionality for apical-to-basolateral transport, with approximately 0.1% of total bacteriophages applied being transcytosed over a 2-h period. Bacteriophages were capable of crossing the epithelial cell layer within 10 min with transport not significantly affected by the presence of bacterial endotoxins. Microscopy and cellular assays revealed that bacteriophages accessed both the vesicular and cytosolic compartments of the eukaryotic cell, with phage transcytosis suggested to traffic through the Golgi apparatus via the endomembrane system. Extrapolating from these results, we estimated that 31 billion bacteriophage particles are transcytosed across the epithelial cell layers of the gut into the average human body each day. The transcytosis of bacteriophages is a natural and ubiquitous process that provides a mechanistic explanation for the occurrence of phages within the body. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. They cannot infect eukaryotic cells but can penetrate epithelial cell layers and spread throughout sterile regions of our bodies, including the blood, lymph, organs, and even the brain. Yet how phages cross these eukaryotic cell layers and gain access to the body remains unknown. In this work, epithelial cells were observed to take up and transport phages across the cell, releasing active phages on the opposite cell surface. Based on these results, we posit that the human body is continually absorbing phages from the gut and transporting them throughout the cell structure and subsequently the body. These results reveal that phages interact directly with the cells and organs of our bodies, likely contributing to human health and immunity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bowen AB, Bourke AM, Hiester BG, Hanus C, Kennedy MJ. Golgi-independent secretory trafficking through recycling endosomes in neuronal dendrites and spines. eLife 2017; 6:27362. [PMID: 28875935 PMCID: PMC5624785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons face the challenge of regulating the abundance, distribution and repertoire of integral membrane proteins within their immense, architecturally complex dendritic arbors. While the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports dendritic translation, most dendrites lack the Golgi apparatus (GA), an essential organelle for conventional secretory trafficking. Thus, whether secretory cargo is locally trafficked in dendrites through a non-canonical pathway remains a fundamental question. Here we define the dendritic trafficking itinerary for key synaptic molecules in rat cortical neurons. Following ER exit, the AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA1 and neuroligin 1 undergo spatially restricted entry into the dendritic secretory pathway and accumulate in recycling endosomes (REs) located in dendrites and spines before reaching the plasma membrane. Surprisingly, GluA1 surface delivery occurred even when GA function was disrupted. Thus, in addition to their canonical role in protein recycling, REs also mediate forward secretory trafficking in neuronal dendrites and spines through a specialized GA-independent trafficking network. All cells must produce, sort and deliver molecular building blocks to the right places at the right time and in appropriate amounts. This is particularly important for neurons, which are the largest and most structurally complex cells in the body. A typical neuron consists of a cell body covered in branches called dendrites, plus a single cable-like structure known as an axon. Dendrites receive inputs from other neurons and relay the information to the cell body in the form of electrical signals. The cell body processes these electrical signals and the resulting signals then travel along the axon to terminals at the far-end. The axon terminals in turn pass the signals on to the dendrites of other neurons via junctions called synapses. For synapses to work correctly, the membranes surrounding the dendrites need to contain receptor proteins that can detect incoming signals. These proteins must be continually replenished, raising the question of how newly made receptor molecules are shuttled to the appropriate locations within the dendrites. A series of compartments called the Golgi complex play an important role in processing newly-made proteins in many different types of cells. As proteins pass through the Golgi, enzymes within the tunnel walls modify the proteins by adding or removing molecular groups. Therefore, it has been suggested that the route that the synapse receptor proteins take through the neuron to reach the dendrites always includes a visit to the Golgi. However, the Golgi complex in neurons is mostly confined to the cell body, raising the question of whether proteins that are locally produced within dendrites can make the journey to nearby synapses without visiting the Golgi complex. Bowen et al. used a microscope to follow the movements of synapse receptor proteins through neurons grown in a dish. The experiments show that proteins destined for the dendrites make a number of stops after leaving the cell body. However, some synaptic proteins reach the dendrites without passing through the Golgi at all, suggesting neurons are much less dependent on the Golgi to process newly-made proteins than other types of cells. Genetic mutations that prevent proteins from finding their way to their required destinations, or that disrupt the work of enzymes inside trafficking stations like the Golgi, cause numerous human diseases. Understanding how proteins travel to specific destinations inside healthy cells should also help reveal what happens when this process fails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Bowen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Ashley M Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Brian G Hiester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Cyril Hanus
- Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahmed SM, Macara IG. The Par3 polarity protein is an exocyst receptor essential for mammary cell survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14867. [PMID: 28358000 PMCID: PMC5379108 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The exocyst is an essential component of the secretory pathway required for delivery of basolateral proteins to the plasma membranes of epithelial cells. Delivery occurs adjacent to tight junctions (TJ), suggesting that it recognizes a receptor at this location. However, no such receptor has been identified. The Par3 polarity protein associates with TJs but has no known function in membrane traffic. We now show that, unexpectedly, Par3 is essential for mammary cell survival. Par3 silencing causes apoptosis, triggered by phosphoinositide trisphosphate depletion and decreased Akt phosphorylation, resulting from failure of the exocyst to deliver basolateral proteins to the cortex. A small region of PAR3 binds directly to Exo70 and is sufficient for exocyst docking, membrane-protein delivery and cell survival. PAR3 lacking this domain can associate with the cortex but cannot support exocyst function. We conclude that Par3 is the long-sought exocyst receptor required for targeted membrane-protein delivery. The exocyst delivers basolateral proteins from the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane of epithelial cells close to tight junctions. Here the authors show that Par3 acts as a docking site for the exocyst to regulate polarized delivery of basolateral proteins and this is essential to prevent apoptosis and promote mammary cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang P, Mo X, Fu W, Liu W, Cheng Y, Han W. LYG1 exerts antitumor function through promoting the activation, proliferation, and function of CD4 + T cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1292195. [PMID: 28507796 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1292195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel stimulatory cytokines with antitumor function would have great value in tumor immunotherapy investigations. Here, we report LYG1 (Lysozyme G-like 1) identified through the strategy of Immunogenomics as a novel classical secretory protein with tumor-inhibiting function. LYG1 recombinant protein (rhLYG1) could significantly suppress the growth of B16 tumors in WT B6 mice, but not in SCID-beige mice, Rag1-/- mice, CD4+- or CD8+ T cell-deleted mice. It could increase the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and spleens, and promote IFNγ production by T cells in tumor-bearing mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that rhLYG1 could directly enhance IFNγ secretion by CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells. Moreover, it could promote the activation, proliferation, and IFNγ production of tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. The tumor-inhibiting effect of LYG1 was eliminated in Ifng-/- mice. Furthermore, LYG1 deficiency accelerated B16 and LLC1 tumor growth and inhibited the function of T cells. In summary, our findings reveal a tumor-inhibiting role for LYG1 through promoting the activation, proliferation, and function of CD4+ T cells in antitumor immune responses, offering implications for novel tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lévêque M, Jeune KSL, Jouneau S, Moulis S, Desrues B, Belleguic C, Brinchault G, Le Trionnaire S, Gangneux JP, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Martin-Chouly C. Soluble CD14 acts as a DAMP in human macrophages: origin and involvement in inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. FASEB J 2017; 31:1891-1902. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600772r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Lévêque
- Stress Membrane and Signaling TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | - Karin Simonin-Le Jeune
- Stress Membrane and Signaling TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Chemical Contaminant Immunity and Inflammation TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
- Centre de Ressource et de Compétences de la MucoviscidoseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Solenn Moulis
- Stress Membrane and Signaling TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | - Benoit Desrues
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
- Centre de Ressource et de Compétences de la MucoviscidoseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
- Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS)Centre Eugène MarquisINSERM Unité 1242RennesFrance
| | - Chantal Belleguic
- Centre de Ressource et de Compétences de la MucoviscidoseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Graziella Brinchault
- Centre de Ressource et de Compétences de la MucoviscidoseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Sophie Le Trionnaire
- Stress Membrane and Signaling TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
- Centre de Ressource et de Compétences de la MucoviscidoseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Stress Membrane and Signaling TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Stress Membrane and Signaling TeamResearch Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET)INSERM Unité 1085RennesFrance
- Unité Mixte de Service 3480 BiositUniversity of Rennes 1RennesFrance
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scharaw S, Iskar M, Ori A, Boncompain G, Laketa V, Poser I, Lundberg E, Perez F, Beck M, Bork P, Pepperkok R. The endosomal transcriptional regulator RNF11 integrates degradation and transport of EGFR. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:543-558. [PMID: 27872256 PMCID: PMC5119934 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of EGFR plasma membrane levels is critical for cell functioning. Scharaw et al. demonstrate that endosomal RNF11 is required for transcriptional up-regulation of COPII components, specifically facilitating EGFR transport in response to its lysosomal degradation after EGF stimulation. Stimulation of cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces internalization and partial degradation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) by the endo-lysosomal pathway. For continuous cell functioning, EGFR plasma membrane levels are maintained by transporting newly synthesized EGFRs to the cell surface. The regulation of this process is largely unknown. In this study, we find that EGF stimulation specifically increases the transport efficiency of newly synthesized EGFRs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. This coincides with an up-regulation of the inner coat protein complex II (COPII) components SEC23B, SEC24B, and SEC24D, which we show to be specifically required for EGFR transport. Up-regulation of these COPII components requires the transcriptional regulator RNF11, which localizes to early endosomes and appears additionally in the cell nucleus upon continuous EGF stimulation. Collectively, our work identifies a new regulatory mechanism that integrates the degradation and transport of EGFR in order to maintain its physiological levels at the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scharaw
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Murat Iskar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75248 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75248 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Martin Beck
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu L, Xiong X, Kim Y, Okada N, Lu F, Zhang H, Sun H. Acid sphingomyelinase is required for cell surface presentation of Met receptor tyrosine kinase in cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4238-4251. [PMID: 27802163 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.191684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are embedded in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, but the specific roles of various lipids in cell signaling remain largely uncharacterized. We have previously found that acid sphingomyelinase (ASM; also known as SMPD1) regulates the conserved DAF-2 (the ortholog IGF-1R in mammals) RTK signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans How ASM and its catalytic products, ceramides, control RTK signaling pathways remain unclear. Here, we report that ASM regulates the homeostasis of Met, an RTK that is frequently overexpressed in various cancers. Inactivation of ASM led to a rapid loss of Met from the plasma membrane, reduced Met phosphorylation and activation, and induced Met accumulation in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). However, trafficking of integrin β3 and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) was largely unaffected. Knockdown of syntaxin 6 (STX6) also blocked the Golgi exit of Met. Depletion of either ASM or STX6 led to aberrant trafficking of Met to lysosomes, promoting its degradation. Our studies reveal that ASM and ceramides, together with STX6 and cholesterol, constitute a new regulatory mechanism for the exit of Met from the Golgi during its biosynthetic route, which is used to rapidly replenish and regulate the plasma membrane levels of Met in various cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Zhu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Xiahui Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Yongsoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Naomi Okada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang J, Liu D, Zhang M, Sun Y, Zhang X, Guan G, Zhao X, Qiao M, Chen D, Hu H. The cellular uptake mechanism, intracellular transportation, and exocytosis of polyamidoamine dendrimers in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3677-90. [PMID: 27536106 PMCID: PMC4977074 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamidoamine dendrimers, which can deliver drugs and genetic materials to resistant cells, are attracting increased research attention, but their transportation behavior in resistant cells remains unclear. In this paper, we performed a systematic analysis of the cellular uptake, intracellular transportation, and efflux of PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells) using sensitive breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) as the control. We found that the uptake rate of PAMAM-NH2 was much lower and exocytosis of PAMAM-NH2 was much greater in MCF-7/ADR cells than in MCF-7 cells due to the elimination of PAMAM-NH2 from P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-associated protein in MCF-7/ADR cells. Macropinocytosis played a more important role in its uptake in MCF-7/ADR cells than in MCF-7 cells. PAMAM-NH2 aggregated and became more degraded in the lysosomal vesicles of the MCF-7/ADR cells than in those of the MCF-7 cells. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were found to participate in the exocytosis rather than endocytosis process of PAMAM-NH2 in both types of cells. Our findings clearly showed the intracellular transportation process of PAMAM-NH2 in MCF-7/ADR cells and provided a guide of using PAMAM-NH2 as a drug and gene vector in resistant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Guannan Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Mingxi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu B, Li H, Fu W, Cheng Y, Yuan W, Liu W, Xue H, Mo X. CMTM3 presents a secreted form released via exosomes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:584-6. [PMID: 27125975 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Henan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanchang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miao X, Li Y, Wang X, Lee SMY, Zheng Y. Transport Mechanism of Coumarin 6 Nanocrystals with Two Particle Sizes in MDCKII Monolayer and Larval Zebrafish. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12620-12630. [PMID: 27159431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) were utilized as oral formulations in commercial products to deliver lipophilic drug, but their transport mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the transport mechanism of NCs using in vitro Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCK II) cells and in vivo larval zebrafish models. Coumarin 6 (C6) was formulated into NCs with particle size of 67.5 ± 5.2 and 190 ± 9.2 nm. In vitro studies showed that 70 nm NCs accumulated in lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as destinations. Lipid raft pathways mediated the endocytosis, while lipid raft, ER/Golgi, and Golgi/plasma membrane pathways were involved in exocytosis and transcytosis process. However, 200 nm NCs accumulated more in a lysosome, where lipid raft pathways were also involved in the endocytosis process. In vivo studies in larval zebrafish model further confirmed that the above network plays an important role in the absorption and distribution of C6-NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fan W, Xia D, Zhu Q, Hu L, Gan Y. Intracellular transport of nanocarriers across the intestinal epithelium. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:856-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Chai GH, Xu Y, Chen SQ, Cheng B, Hu FQ, You J, Du YZ, Yuan H. Transport Mechanisms of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers and their Related Cytotoxicology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5929-5940. [PMID: 26860241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been extensively investigated and demonstrated to be a potential nanocarriers for improving oral bioavailability of many drugs. However, the molecular mechanisms related to this discovery are not yet understood. Here, the molecular transport mechanisms of the SLNs crossing simulative intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (Caco-2 cell monolayers) were studied. The cytotoxicology results of the SLNs in Caco-2 cells demonstrated that the nanoparticles had low cytotoxicity, had no effect on the integrity of the cell membrane, did not induce oxidative stress, and could significantly reduce cell membrane fluidity. The endocytosis of the SLNs was time-dependent, and their delivery was energy-dependent. For the first time, the transport of the SLNs was directly verified to be a vesicle-mediated process. The internalization of the SLNs was mediated by macropinocytosis pathway and clathrin- and caveolae (or lipid raft)-related routes. Transferrin-related endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus were confirmed to be the main destinations of the SLNs in Caco-2 cells. As for the transport of the SLNs in Caco-2 cell monolayers, the results demonstrated that the SLNs transported to the basolateral side were intact, and the transport of the nanoparticles did not destroy the structure of tight junctions. The transcytosis of the SLNs across the Caco-2 cell monolayer was demonstrated to be mediated by the same routes as that in the endocytosis study. The ER, Golgi apparatus, and microtubules were confirmed to be important for the transport of the SLNs to both the basolateral and apical membrane sides. This study provides a more thoroughly understand of SLNs transportation crossing intestinal epithelial cell monolayers and could be beneficial for the fabrication of SLNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Chai
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shao-Qing Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bolin Cheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chai G, Meng Y, Chen S, Hu F, Gan Y, Yuan H. Transport features and structural optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles crossing the intestinal epithelium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro simulated intestinal epithelial cell monolayer is a novel avenue to screen optimal SLNs formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Chai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Yufang Meng
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd
- Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory
- Xinchang 312500
- China
| | - Shaoqing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Yong Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Interferon induction by avian reovirus. Virology 2015; 487:104-11. [PMID: 26517397 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the replication of avian reovirus (ARV) in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) is more resistant to the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) than the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or vaccinia virus (VV). In this study we examined the capacity of these three viruses to induce the expression of IFN when infecting avian cells. Efficient expression of both type-α and type-β IFNs, as well as of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR), takes place in ARV-infected CEF, but not in cells infected with VSV or VV. PKR expression is not directly induced by ARV infection, but by the IFN secreted by ARV-infected cells. IFN induction in ARV-infected cells requires viral uncoating, but not viral gene expression, a situation similar to that reported for apoptosis induction by ARV-infected cells. However, our results demonstrate that IFN induction by ARV-infected CEF occurs by a caspase-independent mechanism.
Collapse
|
34
|
Fu W, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Mo X, Li T, Liu Y, Wang P, Pan W, Chen Y, Xue Y, Ma D, Zhang Y, Han W. The Secreted Form of Transmembrane Protein 98 Promotes the Differentiation of T Helper 1 Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:720-33. [PMID: 25946230 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines mediate the interaction of immune cells. Discovery of novel potential cytokines is of great value for both basic research and clinical application. In this study, we identified a novel immune-related molecule, transmembrane protein 98 (TMEM98), through a high-throughput screening platform for novel potential cytokines at a genome-wide level using the strategy of immunogenomics. So far, there is no characteristic and immune-related functional report about it. In this study, we demonstrate that TMEM98 exists as a type II transmembrane protein both in the ectopically and endogenously expressed systems. Interestingly, TMEM98 could also be secreted through exosomes. Moreover, the native secreted form of TMEM98 could be detected in the supernatants of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse CD4(+) T cells. Further expression profile analysis showed TMEM98 was upregulated during the activation and differentiation of T helper (Th) 1 cells. Function analysis showed that eukaryotic recombinant TMEM98 (rTMEM98) promoted the differentiation of Th1 cells under both antigen-nonspecific and antigen-specific Th1-skewing conditions. These findings were further confirmed in vivo as prokaryotic rTMEM98 administration significantly increased antigen-specific IFN-γ production and serum antigen-specific IgG2a in the methylated bovine serum albumin-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity model. Overall, these observations emphasize the characteristics and essential roles of TMEM98 for the first time and will be helpful in further understanding the development of Th1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fu
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
- 3 Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Wen Pan
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Yintong Xue
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Han
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing, China
- 2 Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gee HY, Kim JY, Lee MG. Analysis of conventional and unconventional trafficking of CFTR and other membrane proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1270:137-54. [PMID: 25702115 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2309-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a polytopic transmembrane protein that functions as a cAMP-activated anion channel at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Mutations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis and are also associated with monosymptomatic diseases in the lung, pancreas, intestines, and vas deferens. Many disease-causing CFTR mutations, including the deletion of a single phenylalanine residue at position 508 (ΔF508-CFTR), result in protein misfolding and trafficking defects. Therefore, intracellular trafficking of wild-type and mutant CFTR has been studied extensively, and results from these studies significantly contribute to our general understanding of mechanisms involved in the cell-surface trafficking of membrane proteins. CFTR is a glycoprotein that undergoes complex N-glycosylation as it passes through Golgi-mediated conventional exocytosis. Interestingly, results from recent studies revealed that CFTR and other membrane proteins can reach the plasma membrane via an unconventional alternative route that bypasses Golgi in specific cellular conditions. Here, we describe methods that have been used to investigate the conventional and unconventional surface trafficking of CFTR. With appropriate modifications, the protocols described in this chapter can also be applied to studies investigating the intracellular trafficking of other plasma membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Sinchon-Dong, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Strobel C, Oehring H, Herrmann R, Förster M, Reller A, Hilger I. Fate of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in endothelial cells: exocytosis. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 17:206. [PMID: 25972759 PMCID: PMC4419152 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although cytotoxicity and endocytosis of nanoparticles have been the subject of numerous studies, investigations regarding exocytosis as an important mechanism to reduce intracellular nanoparticle accumulation are rather rare and there is a distinct lack of knowledge. The current study investigated the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells to exocytose cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (18.8 nm) by utilization of specific inhibitors [brefeldin A; nocodazole; methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβcD)] and different analytical methods (flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Overall, it was found that endothelial cells were able to release CeO2 nanoparticles via exocytosis after the migration of nanoparticle containing endosomes toward the plasma membrane. The exocytosis process occurred mainly by fusion of vesicular membranes with plasma membrane resulting in the discharge of vesicular content to extracellular environment. Nevertheless, it seems to be likely that nanoparticles present in the cytosol could leave the cells in a direct manner. MβcD treatment led to the strongest inhibition of the nanoparticle exocytosis indicating a significant role of the plasma membrane cholesterol content in the exocytosis process. Brefeldin A (inhibitor of Golgi-to-cell-surface-transport) caused a higher inhibitory effect on exocytosis than nocodazole (inhibitor of microtubules). Thus, the transfer from distal Golgi compartments to the cell surface influenced the exocytosis process of the CeO2 nanoparticles more than the microtubule-associated transport. In conclusion, endothelial cells, which came in contact with nanoparticles, e.g., after intravenously applied nano-based drugs, can regulate their intracellular nanoparticle amount, which is necessary to avoid adverse nanoparticle effects on cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Strobel
- />Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oehring
- />Institute of Anatomy II, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Teichgraben 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rudolf Herrmann
- />Department of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Förster
- />Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy/Immunology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Armin Reller
- />Department of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- />Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
CSBF/C10orf99, a novel potential cytokine, inhibits colon cancer cell growth through inducing G1 arrest. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6812. [PMID: 25351403 PMCID: PMC4212244 DOI: 10.1038/srep06812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that exert their functions by binding specific receptors. Many cytokines play essential roles in carcinogenesis and have been developed for the treatment of cancer. In this study, we identified a novel potential cytokine using immunogenomics designated colon-derived SUSD2 binding factor (CSBF), also known as chromosome 10 open reading frame 99 (C10orf99). CSBF/C10orf99 is a classical secreted protein with predicted molecular mass of 6.5 kDa, and a functional ligand of Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2). CSBF/C10orf99 has the highest expression level in colon tissue. Both CSBF/C10orf99 and SUSD2 are down-regulated in colon cancer tissues and cell lines with different regulation mechanisms. CSBF/C10orf99 interacts with SUSD2 to inhibit colon cancer cell growth and induce G1 cell cycle arrest by down-regulating cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). CSBF/C10orf99 displays a bell-shaped activity curve with the optimal effect at ~10 ng/ml. Its growth inhibitory effects can be blocked by sSUSD2-Fc soluble protein. Our results suggest that CSBF/C10orf99 is a novel potential cytokine with tumor suppressor functions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Chai GH, Hu FQ, Sun J, Du YZ, You J, Yuan H. Transport Pathways of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Across Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Epithelial Cell Monolayer. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3716-26. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5004674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Chai
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qiang Hu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department
of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian You
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Surface expression of the hRSV nucleoprotein impairs immunological synapse formation with T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3214-23. [PMID: 25056968 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400760111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children worldwide. The recurrent hRSV outbreaks and reinfections are the cause of a significant public health burden and associate with an inefficient antiviral immunity, even after disease resolution. Although several mouse- and human cell-based studies have shown that hRSV infection prevents naïve T-cell activation by antigen-presenting cells, the mechanism underlying such inhibition remains unknown. Here, we show that the hRSV nucleoprotein (N) could be at least partially responsible for inhibiting T-cell activation during infection by this virus. Early after infection, the N protein was expressed on the surface of epithelial and dendritic cells, after interacting with trans-Golgi and lysosomal compartments. Further, experiments on supported lipid bilayers loaded with peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes showed that surface-anchored N protein prevented immunological synapse assembly by naive CD4(+) T cells and, to a lesser extent, by antigen-experienced T-cell blasts. Synapse assembly inhibition was in part due to reduced T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and pMHC clustering at the T-cell-bilayer interface, suggesting that N protein interferes with pMHC-TCR interactions. Moreover, N protein colocalized with the TCR independently of pMHC, consistent with a possible interaction with TCR complex components. Based on these data, we conclude that hRSV N protein expression at the surface of infected cells inhibits T-cell activation. Our study defines this protein as a major virulence factor that contributes to impairing acquired immunity and enhances susceptibility to reinfection by hRSV.
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
He B, Lin P, Jia Z, Du W, Qu W, Yuan L, Dai W, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang Q. The transport mechanisms of polymer nanoparticles in Caco-2 epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6082-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
42
|
He B, Jia Z, Du W, Yu C, Fan Y, Dai W, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang Q. The transport pathways of polymer nanoparticles in MDCK epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4309-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
43
|
Guo X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li T, Fu W, Mo X, Shi T, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Ma D, Han W. VSTM1-v2, a novel soluble glycoprotein, promotes the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells. Cell Immunol 2012; 278:136-42. [PMID: 22960280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate immune reactions and are responsible for communication among immune cells. CD4(+) T cells are the principle sources of cytokines of adaptive immunity. Cytokines play critical roles in the differentiation and effector function of CD4(+) T cells. They also play key roles in diseases, and some of them have been developed into drugs in the forms of recombinant cytokines, soluble receptors and neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, identifying novel potential cytokines is necessary and beneficial for better understanding immunology and enhancing human health. To find novel potential cytokines, we carried out an integrated bioinformatics analysis on the whole human genome. Cytokine candidates were selected for cDNA cloning, sub-cloning, secretion verification, expression profile analysis and functional study. Here, we report a novel soluble protein, VSTM1-v2, which is a classical secretory glycoprotein mainly expressed in immune tissues, and can promote the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Guo
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Crespo-Enriquez I, Partanen J, Martinez S, Echevarria D. Fgf8-related secondary organizers exert different polarizing planar instructions along the mouse anterior neural tube. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39977. [PMID: 22792203 PMCID: PMC3391221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain patterning depends on proper arrangement of positional information. This information is given by gradients of secreted signaling molecules (morphogens) detected by individual cells within the responding tissue, leading to specific fate decisions. Here we report that the morphogen FGF8 exerts initially a differential signal activity along the E9.5 mouse neural tube. We demonstrate that this polarizing activity codes by RAS-regulated ERK1/2 signaling and depends on the topographical location of the secondary organizers: the isthmic organizer (IsO) and the anterior neural ridge (anr) but not on zona limitans intrathalamica (zli). Our results suggest that Sprouty2, a negative modulator of RAS/ERK pathway, is important for regulating Fgf8 morphogenetic signal activity by controlling Fgf8-induced signaling pathways and positional information during early brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Crespo-Enriquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juha Partanen
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego Echevarria
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mechanisms regulating the secretion of the promalignancy chemokine CCL5 by breast tumor cells: CCL5's 40s loop and intracellular glycosaminoglycans. Neoplasia 2012; 14:1-19. [PMID: 22355269 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) plays active promalignancy roles in breast malignancy. The secretion of CCL5 by breast tumor cells is an important step in its tumor-promoting activities; therefore, inhibition of CCL5 secretion may have antitumorigenic effects. We demonstrate that, in breast tumor cells, CCL5 secretion necessitated the trafficking of CCL5-containing vesicles on microtubules from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the post-Golgi stage, and CCL5 release was regulated by the rigidity of the actin cytoskeleton. Focusing on the 40s loop of CCL5, we found that the (43)TRKN(46) sequence of CCL5 was indispensable for its inclusion in motile vesicles, and for its secretion. The TRKN-mutated chemokine reached the Golgi, but trafficked along the ER-to-post-Golgi route differently than the wild-type (WT) chemokine. Based on the studies showing that the 40s loop of CCL5 mediates its binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAG), we analyzed the roles of GAG in regulating CCL5 secretion. TRKN-mutated CCL5 had lower propensity for colocalization with GAG in the Golgi compared to the WT chemokine. Secretion of WT CCL5 was significantly reduced in CHO mutant cells deficient in GAG synthesis, and the WT chemokine acquired an ER-like distribution in these cells, similar to that of TRKN-mutated CCL5 in GAG-expressing cells. The release of WT CCL5 was also reduced after inhibition of GAG presence/synthesis by intracellular expression of heparanase, inhibition of GAG sulfation, and sulfate deprivation. The need for a (43)TRKN(46) motif and for a GAG-mediated process in CCL5 secretion may enable the future design of modalities that prevent CCL5 release by breast tumor cells.
Collapse
|
46
|
Isbert S, Wagner K, Eggert S, Schweitzer A, Multhaup G, Weggen S, Kins S, Pietrzik CU. APP dimer formation is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum and differs between APP isoforms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 69:1353-75. [PMID: 22105709 PMCID: PMC3314181 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is part of a larger gene family, which has been found to form homo- or heterotypic complexes with its homologues, whereby the exact molecular mechanism and origin of dimer formation remains elusive. In order to assess the cellular location of dimerization, we have generated a cell culture model system in CHO-K1 cells, stably expressing human APP, harboring dilysine-based organelle sorting motifs [KKAA-endoplasmic reticulum (ER); KKFF-Golgi], accomplishing retention within early secretory compartments. We show that APP exists as disulfide-bonded dimers upon ER retention after it was isolated from cells, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions. In contrast, strong denaturing and reducing conditions, or deletion of the E1 domain, resulted in the disappearance of those dimers. Thus we provide first evidence that a fraction of APP can associate via intermolecular disulfide bonds, likely generated between cysteines located in the extracellular E1 domain. We particularly visualize APP dimerization itself and identified the ER as subcellular compartment of its origin using biochemical or split GFP approaches. Interestingly, we also found that minor amounts of SDS-resistant APP dimers were located to the cell surface, revealing that once generated in the oxidative environment of the ER, dimers remained stably associated during transport. In addition, we show that APP isoforms encompassing the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (KPI) domain exhibit a strongly reduced ability to form cis-directed dimers in the ER, whereas trans-mediated cell aggregation of Drosophila Schneider S2-cells was isoform independent. Thus, suggesting that steric properties of KPI-APP might be the cause for weaker cis-interaction in the ER, compared to APP695. Finally, we provide evidence that APP/APLP1 heterointeractions are likewise initiated in the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Isbert
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gee HY, Noh SH, Tang BL, Kim KH, Lee MG. Rescue of ΔF508-CFTR trafficking via a GRASP-dependent unconventional secretion pathway. Cell 2011; 146:746-60. [PMID: 21884936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent disease-causing mutation of CFTR is the deletion of Phe508 (ΔF508), which leads to defects in conventional Golgi-mediated exocytosis and cell surface expression. We report that ΔF508-CFTR surface expression can be rescued in vitro and in vivo by directing it to an unconventional GRASP-dependent secretion pathway. An integrated molecular and physiological analysis indicates that mechanisms associated with ER stress induce cell surface trafficking of the ER core-glycosylated wild-type and ΔF508-CFTR via the GRASP-dependent pathway. Phosphorylation of a specific site of GRASP and the PDZ-based interaction between GRASP and CFTR are critical for this unconventional surface trafficking. Remarkably, transgenic expression of GRASP in ΔF508-CFTR mice restores CFTR function and rescues mouse survival without apparent toxicity. These findings provide insight into how unconventional protein secretion is activated, and offer a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and perhaps diseases stemming from other misfolded proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum and human beta-defensins modulate the release of antimicrobial chemokine CCL20/macrophage inflammatory protein 3α. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4578-87. [PMID: 21911466 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05586-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system regulate immune responses through the production of antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and cytokines, including human beta-defensins (hBDs) and CCL20. In this study, we examined the kinetics of primary human oral epithelial cell (HOEC) production of CCL20 and hBDs in response to Fusobacterium nucleatum, a commensal bacterium of the oral cavity, which we previously showed promotes HOEC induction of hBDs. HOECs secrete maximal levels of CCL20 at 6 h, following stimulation by F. nucleatum cell wall (FnCW). The kinetics of CCL20 release is distinct from that of hBD-2 and -3, which peaks after 24 h and 48 h of FnCW stimulation, respectively. FnCW-induced release of CCL20 by HOECs requires both transcriptional and translational activation. Release of CCL20 by HOECs is inhibited by brefeldin A, suggesting that it is secreted through a vesicle transport pathway. Other epithelium-derived agents that FnCW induces, such as hBD-2, hBD-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), are also able to release CCL20. By focusing on mitogen-activated protein kinases, we show that both extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38, but not JNK, are required for hBD-, TNF-α-, and IL-1β-induced secretion of CCL20 by HOECs. The ability of FnCW and its induced hBDs to produce proinflammatory cytokines and CCL20 suggests the broad role of F. nucleatum and human antimicrobial peptides in primary immune responses elicited by oral epithelium.
Collapse
|
49
|
Role of the endocytic pathway in the counteraction of BST-2 by human lentiviral pathogens. J Virol 2011; 85:9834-46. [PMID: 21813615 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02633-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-inducible transmembrane protein BST-2 (CD317, tetherin) restricts the release of several enveloped viruses from infected cells. BST-2 is broadly active against retroviruses, including HIV-1 and HIV-2. To counteract this host defense, HIV-1 uses the accessory protein Vpu, whereas HIV-2 uses its envelope glycoprotein (Env). In both cases, viral antagonism is associated with decreased expression of BST-2 at the cell surface. Here, we provide evidence supporting a role for the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway in the downregulation of BST-2 from the cell surface and the counteraction of restricted virion release. A catalytically inactive, dominant negative version of the vesicle "pinch-ase" dynamin 2 (dyn2K44A) inhibited the downregulation of BST-2 by Vpu, and it inhibited the release of wild-type (Vpu-expressing) HIV-1 virions. Similarly, dyn2K44A inhibited the downregulation of BST-2 by HIV-2 Env, and it inhibited the release of vpu-negative HIV-1 virions when HIV-2 Env was provided in trans. dyn2K44A inhibited Env more robustly than Vpu, suggesting that dynamin 2, while a cofactor for both Env and Vpu, might support just one of several pathways though which Vpu counteracts BST-2. In support of a role for clathrin in these effects, the C-terminal domain of the clathrin assembly protein AP180 also inhibited the downregulation of BST-2 by either Vpu or HIV-2 Env. Consistent with modulation of the postendocytic itinerary of BST-2, Vpu enhanced the accumulation of cell surface-derived BST-2 in transferrin-containing endosomes. Vpu also inhibited the transport of BST-2 from a brefeldin A-insensitive compartment to the cell surface, consistent with a block to endosomal recycling. We propose that HIV-1 Vpu, and probably HIV-2 Env, traps BST-2 in an endosomal compartment following endocytosis, reducing its level at the cell surface to counteract restricted viral release.
Collapse
|
50
|
Joshi A, Garg H, Ablan SD, Freed EO. Evidence of a role for soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) machinery in HIV-1 assembly and release. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29861-71. [PMID: 21680744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.241521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrovirus assembly is a complex process that requires the orchestrated participation of viral components and host-cell factors. The concerted movement of different viral proteins to specific sites in the plasma membrane allows for virus particle assembly and ultimately budding and maturation of infectious virions. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins constitute the minimal machinery that catalyzes the fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane, thus regulating protein trafficking. Using siRNA and dominant negative approaches we demonstrate here that generalized disruption of the host SNARE machinery results in a significant reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and equine infectious anemia virus particle production. Further analysis of the mechanism involved revealed a defect at the level of HIV-1 Gag localization to the plasma membrane. Our findings demonstrate for the first time a role of SNARE proteins in HIV-1 assembly and release, likely by affecting cellular trafficking pathways required for Gag transport and association with the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Joshi
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|