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Chiba K, Murase T, Yokota K, Tatematsu T, Oda R, Nakamura R, Yobita S, Takano T, Okuda K. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in thymic epithelial tumors. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:383. [PMID: 38939624 PMCID: PMC11209869 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare and the major symptoms are not obvious until the tumor progresses to a relatively large size and compresses the surrounding organs. As its growth is aggressive and it metastasizes to distant organs, it is important to find novel effective therapies. Lenvatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, is approved as a drug therapy for thymic carcinoma (TC); however, although it is a molecular targeted therapy, there are no obvious predictors of therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed to assess the association between clinicopathological factors and the protein expression of VEGFR, which is associated with tumor aggressiveness and the efficacy of VEGFR inhibitors. The VEGFR-2 protein expression was evaluated in 144 patients with TETs who underwent surgical resection. The present study assessed whether the expression of VEGFR-2 protein was associated with TET classification and pathological stage, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). A total of 94 cases (65.2%) were positive for VEGFR-2 protein. The expression of VEGFR-2 was higher in the more aggressive type B3 thymoma and TC (88.5%) than in types A, AB, B1 and B2 thymoma (60.2%). The 5-year OS rate for the overall population was 53.1%. The 5-year OS rates of patients with negative VEGFR-2 staining score values (66.5%) were significantly longer than in patients with positive VEGFR-2 staining score values (42.5%; P=0.000078). Furthermore, the pathological stage was the only factor significantly associated with OS in multivariate analysis. The results of the present study suggest the possibility that the indications for VEGF inhibitor therapy could be extended to type B3 thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Chiba
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yokota
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tatematsu
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Risa Oda
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuji Nakamura
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shogo Yobita
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Takano
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Chen-Li G, Martinez-Archer R, Coghi A, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ, Acaba-Berrocal L, Berrocal MH, Wu L. Beyond VEGF: Angiopoietin-Tie Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2778. [PMID: 38792322 PMCID: PMC11122151 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Complications from diabetic retinopathy such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) constitute leading causes of preventable vision loss in working-age patients. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of these complications, VEGF inhibitors have been the cornerstone of their treatment. Anti-VEGF monotherapy is an effective but burdensome treatment for DME. However, due to the intensive and burdensome treatment, most patients in routine clinical practice are undertreated, and therefore, their outcomes are compromised. Even in adequately treated patients, persistent DME is reported anywhere from 30% to 60% depending on the drug used. PDR is currently treated by anti-VEGF, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or a combination of both. Similarly, a number of eyes, despite these treatments, continue to progress to tractional retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. Clearly there are other molecular pathways other than VEGF involved in the pathogenesis of DME and PDR. One of these pathways is the angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathway. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) plays a major role in maintaining vascular quiescence and stability. It acts as a molecular brake against vascular destabilization and inflammation that is usually promoted by angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). Several pathological conditions including chronic hyperglycemia lead to Ang2 upregulation. Recent regulatory approval of the bi-specific antibody, faricimab, may improve long term outcomes in DME. It targets both the Ang/Tie and VEGF pathways. The YOSEMITE and RHINE were multicenter, double-masked, randomized non-inferiority phase 3 clinical trials that compared faricimab to aflibercept in eyes with center-involved DME. At 12 months of follow-up, faricimab demonstrated non-inferior vision gains, improved anatomic outcomes and a potential for extended dosing when compared to aflibercept. The 2-year results of the YOSEMITE and RHINE trials demonstrated that the anatomic and functional results obtained at the 1 year follow-up were maintained. Short term outcomes of previously treated and treatment-naive eyes with DME that were treated with faricimab during routine clinical practice suggest a beneficial effect of faricimab over other agents. Targeting of Ang2 has been reported by several other means including VE-PTP inhibitors, integrin binding peptide and surrobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Chen-Li
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Rebeca Martinez-Archer
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Andres Coghi
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | | | | | - Luis Acaba-Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Lihteh Wu
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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González-Rojas A, Valencia-Narbona M. Neurodevelopmental Disruptions in Children of Preeclamptic Mothers: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3632. [PMID: 38612445 PMCID: PMC11012011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure in the mother, typically occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and posing risks to both maternal and fetal health. PE causes placental changes that can affect the fetus, particularly neurodevelopment. Its key pathophysiological mechanisms encompass hypoxia, vascular and angiogenic dysregulation, inflammation, neuronal and glial alterations, and disruptions in neuronal signaling. Animal models indicate that PE is correlated with neurodevelopmental alterations and cognitive dysfunctions in offspring and in humans, an association between PE and conditions such as cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and sexual dimorphism has been observed. Considering the relevance for mothers and children, we conducted a narrative literature review to describe the relationships between the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental alterations in the offspring of PE mothers, along with their potential consequences. Furthermore, we emphasize aspects pertinent to the prevention/treatment of PE in pregnant mothers and alterations observed in their offspring. The present narrative review offers a current, complete, and exhaustive analysis of (i) the pathophysiological mechanisms that can affect neurodevelopment in the children of PE mothers, (ii) the relationship between PE and neurological alterations in offspring, and (iii) the prevention/treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile;
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4
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Yamaguchi S, Minamide N, Imai H, Ikeda T, Watanabe M, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Maruyama K. The development of early human lymphatic vessels as characterized by lymphatic endothelial markers. EMBO J 2024; 43:868-885. [PMID: 38351385 PMCID: PMC10907744 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel development studies in mice and zebrafish models have demonstrated that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) predominantly differentiate from venous endothelial cells via the expression of the transcription factor Prox1. However, LECs can also be generated from undifferentiated mesoderm, suggesting potential diversity in their precursor cell origins depending on the organ or anatomical location. Despite these advances, recapitulating human lymphatic malformations in animal models has been difficult, and considering lymphatic vasculature function varies widely between species, analysis of development directly in humans is needed. Here, we examined early lymphatic development in humans by analyzing the histology of 31 embryos and three 9-week-old fetuses. We found that human embryonic cardinal veins, which converged to form initial lymph sacs, produce Prox1-expressing LECs. Furthermore, we describe the lymphatic vessel development in various organs and observe organ-specific differences. These characterizations of the early development of human lymphatic vessels should help to better understand the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of lymphatic systems, and their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan
| | - Natsuki Minamide
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Pathology Division, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-0001, Japan.
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5
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Choi SW, Abitbol JM, Cheng AG. Hair Cell Regeneration: From Animals to Humans. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 17:1-14. [PMID: 38271988 PMCID: PMC10933805 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2023.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells convert sound into electrical signals that are relayed via the spiral ganglion neurons to the central auditory pathway. Hair cells are vulnerable to damage caused by excessive noise, aging, and ototoxic agents. Non-mammals can regenerate lost hair cells by mitotic regeneration and direct transdifferentiation of surrounding supporting cells. However, in mature mammals, damaged hair cells are not replaced, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Recent studies have uncovered mechanisms by which sensory organs in non-mammals and the neonatal mammalian cochlea regenerate hair cells, and outlined possible mechanisms why this ability declines rapidly with age in mammals. Here, we review similarities and differences between avian, zebrafish, and mammalian hair cell regeneration. Moreover, we discuss advances and limitations of hair cell regeneration in the mature cochlea and their potential applications to human hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Julia M. Abitbol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan G. Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Ristovska EC, Genadieva-Dimitrova M, Todorovska B, Milivojevic V, Rankovic I, Samardziski I, Bojadzioska M. The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Related Pathological Conditions: A Review. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2023; 44:113-137. [PMID: 37453122 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been recognized as a significant contributing factor in the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. In interaction with atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, ED plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, chronic renal disease, and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Although ED plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of several pregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus, the exact pathogenetic mechanisms are still a matter of debate. The increased prevalence of these entities in patients with preexisting vascular diseases highlights the essential pathological role of the preexisting ED in these patients. The abnormal uteroplacental circulation and the release of soluble factors from the ischemic placenta into the maternal bloodstream are the main causes of the maternal ED underlying the characteristic preeclamptic phenotype. Besides the increased risk for maternal and fetal poor outcomes, the preexisting ED also increases the risk of development of future cardiovascular diseases in these patients. This study aimed to look deeper into the role of ED in the pathogenesis of several pregnancy-related hypertensive and liver diseases. Hopefully, it could contribute to improvement of the awareness, knowledge, and management of these conditions and also to the reduction of the adverse outcomes and additional long-term cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Curakova Ristovska
- 1University Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Magdalena Genadieva-Dimitrova
- 1University Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Beti Todorovska
- 1University Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Milivojevic
- 2Section for Internal Medicine, Medcompass Alliance, School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Rankovic
- 3Section for Internal Medicine, Medcompass Alliance, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Samardziski
- 4University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Maja Bojadzioska
- 5University Clinic for Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
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7
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Fredericksen M, Fields PD, Du Pasquier L, Ricci V, Ebert D. QTL study reveals candidate genes underlying host resistance in a Red Queen model system. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010570. [PMID: 36730161 PMCID: PMC9894429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific interactions of host and parasite genotypes can lead to balancing selection, maintaining genetic diversity within populations. In order to understand the drivers of such specific coevolution, it is necessary to identify the molecular underpinnings of these genotypic interactions. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of resistance in the crustacean host, Daphnia magna, to attachment and subsequent infection by the bacterial parasite, Pasteuria ramosa. We discover a single locus with Mendelian segregation (3:1 ratio) with resistance being dominant, which we call the F locus. We use QTL analysis and fine mapping to localize the F locus to a 28.8-kb region in the host genome, adjacent to a known resistance supergene. We compare the 28.8-kb region in the two QTL parents to identify differences between host genotypes that are resistant versus susceptible to attachment and infection by the parasite. We identify 13 genes in the region, from which we highlight eight biological candidates for the F locus, based on presence/absence polymorphisms and differential gene expression. The top candidates include a fucosyltransferase gene that is only present in one of the two QTL parents, as well as several Cladoceran-specific genes belonging to a large family that is represented in multiple locations of the host genome. Fucosyltransferases have been linked to resistance in previous studies of Daphnia-Pasteuria and other host-parasite systems, suggesting that P. ramosa spore attachment could be mediated by changes in glycan structures on D. magna cuticle proteins. The Cladoceran-specific candidate genes suggest a resistance strategy that relies on gene duplication. Our results add a new locus to a growing genetic model of resistance in the D. magna-P. ramosa system. The identified candidate genes will be used in future functional genetic studies, with the ultimate aim to test for cycles of allele frequencies in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maridel Fredericksen
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter D. Fields
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louis Du Pasquier
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Ricci
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Zhang Y, Lan W, Wang C, Xue H, Cao C. Dimeric G‐quadruplex
DNA
Structure in the Proximal Promoter of
VEGFR
‐2 Reveals A New Drug Target to Inhibit Tumor Angiogenesis. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenxian Lan
- The Core Facility Centre of CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, 300 Fengling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hongjuan Xue
- National Center for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,333 Kaike Road Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Chunyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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HORIKIRIZONO H, ISHIGAKI K, IIZUKA K, TAMURA K, SAKURAI N, TERAI K, HEISHIMA T, YOSHIDA O, ASANO K. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with various proliferative diseases. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:720-725. [PMID: 35370210 PMCID: PMC9177393 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of malignant tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a group of cytokines that contribute to
angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs with various proliferative diseases. A total of 202 dogs that were
histopathologically diagnosed with proliferative diseases were included in the study. Serum VEGF-A concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median serum VEGF-A
concentrations in dogs were as follows: healthy dogs, 4 pg/ml [0–21 pg/ml]; hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 pg/ml [0–158 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; hepatocellular adenoma, 32 pg/ml
[0–49 pg/ml, P=0.003]; hepatic nodular hyperplasia, 18 pg/ml [0–51 pg/ml, P=0.595]; adrenal pheochromocytoma, 32 pg/ml [0–187 pg/ml,
P=<0.001]; adrenocortical carcinoma, 32 pg/ml [3–161 pg/ml, P=0.002]; adrenocortical adenoma, 27 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.005];
colorectal adenocarcinoma, 36 pg/ml [0–75 pg/ml, P=0.002]; colorectal adenoma, 43 pg/ml [0–48 pg/ml, P=0.144]; inflammatory colorectal polyps, 37 pg/ml
[0–111 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 35 pg/ml [4–107 pg/ml, P=0.002]; pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma, 35 pg/ml [0–131 pg/ml,
P=0.016]; and follicular thyroid carcinoma, 35 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.009]. The serum VEGF-A concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with
neoplastic lesions compared to healthy dogs, except for colorectal adenoma. High serum VEGF-A concentrations were observed in dogs with proliferative diseases. The present study suggests
that angiogenesis-inhibiting therapy, which targets VEGF-A, may be useful for canine neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro HORIKIRIZONO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Kumiko ISHIGAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Keigo IIZUKA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Kei TAMURA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Naoki SAKURAI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Kazuyuki TERAI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Tatsuya HEISHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Orie YOSHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Kazushi ASANO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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10
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Diehl V, Huber LS, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. The Role of Decorin and Biglycan Signaling in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:801801. [PMID: 34917515 PMCID: PMC8668865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and adaptive nature of malignant neoplasm constitute a major challenge for the development of effective anti-oncogenic therapies. Emerging evidence has uncovered the pivotal functions exerted by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, in affecting tumor growth and progression. In their soluble forms, decorin and biglycan act as powerful signaling molecules. By receptor-mediated signal transduction, both proteoglycans modulate key processes vital for tumor initiation and progression, such as autophagy, inflammation, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Despite of their structural homology, these two proteoglycans interact with distinct cell surface receptors and thus modulate distinct signaling pathways that ultimately affect cancer development. In this review, we summarize growing evidence for the complex roles of decorin and biglycan signaling in tumor biology and address potential novel therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Diehl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Huber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Stalin J, Imhof BA, Coquoz O, Jeitziner R, Hammel P, McKee TA, Jemelin S, Poittevin M, Pocard M, Matthes T, Kaci R, Delorenzi M, Rüegg C, Miljkovic-Licina M. Targeting OLFML3 in Colorectal Cancer Suppresses Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis, and Increases the Efficacy of Anti-PD1 Based Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184625. [PMID: 34572851 PMCID: PMC8464773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the proangiogenic factor olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3) in cancer is unclear. To characterize OLFML3 expression in human cancer and its role during tumor development, we undertook tissue expression studies, gene expression analyses of patient tumor samples, in vivo studies in mouse cancer models, and in vitro coculture experiments. OLFML3 was expressed at high levels, mainly in blood vessels, in multiple human cancers. We focused on colorectal cancer (CRC), as elevated expression of OLFML3 mRNA correlated with shorter relapse-free survival, higher tumor grade, and angiogenic microsatellite stable consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4). Treatment of multiple in vivo tumor models with OLFML3-blocking antibodies and deletion of the Olfml3 gene from mice decreased lymphangiogenesis, pericyte coverage, and tumor growth. Antibody-mediated blockade of OLFML3 and deletion of host Olfml3 decreased the recruitment of tumor-promoting tumor-associated macrophages and increased infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by NKT cells. Importantly, targeting OLFML3 increased the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Taken together, the results demonstrate that OLFML3 is a promising candidate therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Stalin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.A.I.); (P.H.); (S.J.); (M.P.); (M.M.-L.)
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (O.C.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-26-300-8658
| | - Beat A. Imhof
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.A.I.); (P.H.); (S.J.); (M.P.); (M.M.-L.)
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Oriana Coquoz
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (O.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Rachel Jeitziner
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Philippe Hammel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.A.I.); (P.H.); (S.J.); (M.P.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Thomas A. McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Stephane Jemelin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.A.I.); (P.H.); (S.J.); (M.P.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Marine Poittevin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.A.I.); (P.H.); (S.J.); (M.P.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Marc Pocard
- CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM U1275, 49 Boulevard de la Chapelle, CEDEX 10, F-75475 Paris, France; (M.P.); (R.K.)
- Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, CEDEX 10, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Oncology, Hematology Service, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Diagnostics, Clinical Pathology Service, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachid Kaci
- CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM U1275, 49 Boulevard de la Chapelle, CEDEX 10, F-75475 Paris, France; (M.P.); (R.K.)
- Department of Anatomopathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, CEDEX 10, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Oncology, University Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (O.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Marijana Miljkovic-Licina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.A.I.); (P.H.); (S.J.); (M.P.); (M.M.-L.)
- Department of Oncology, Hematology Service, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Diagnostics, Clinical Pathology Service, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva Medical School, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Adachi H, Nosaka C, Atsumi S, Nakae K, Umezawa Y, Sawa R, Kubota Y, Nakane C, Shibuya M, Nishimura Y. Structure-activity relationships of natural quinone vegfrecine analogs with potent activity against VEGFR-1 and -2 tyrosine kinases. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:734-742. [PMID: 34282315 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of analogs of vegfrecine, a natural quinone vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was synthesized via oxidative amination of 2,5-dihydroxybenzamide with functionalized arylamine followed by ammonolysis and substitution of the quinone ring. The inhibitory activities of the analogs against the VEGFR-1 and -2 tyrosine kinases were assayed in vitro with the aim to identify a compound suitable to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. Alterations of the functionality of the phenyl group, substitution of the quinone ring, and oxidative cyclization of the 1-carboxamide-2-aminoquinone moiety to form an isoxazole quinone ring were examined. Introduction of halo- and alkyl-substituents at the 5'-position of the phenyl ring resulted in potent inhibition of the VEGFR-1 and -2 tyrosine kinases. In particular, structural modification at C-5' on the phenyl ring was shown to significantly affect the selectivity of the inhibition between the VEGFR-1 and -2 tyrosine kinases. Compound 8, 5'-methyl-vegfrecine, showed superior selectivity toward the VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase over the VEGFR-1 tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chisato Nosaka
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Atsumi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakae
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Umezawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakane
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Jiang M, Fang Y, Li Y, Huang H, Wei Z, Gao X, Sung HK, Hu J, Qiang L, Ruan J, Chen Q, Jiang D, Whitsett JA, Ai X, Que J. VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) protects airways from mucus metaplasia through a Sox9-dependent pathway. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1646-1660.e5. [PMID: 34010630 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucus-secreting goblet cells are the dominant cell type in pulmonary diseases, e.g., asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), leading to pathologic mucus metaplasia and airway obstruction. Cytokines including IL-13 are the major players in the transdifferentiation of club cells into goblet cells. Unexpectedly, we have uncovered a previously undescribed pathway promoting mucous metaplasia that involves VEGFa and its receptor KDR. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis coupled with genetic mouse modeling demonstrates that loss of epithelial VEGFa, KDR, or MEK/ERK kinase promotes excessive club-to-goblet transdifferentiation during development and regeneration. Sox9 is required for goblet cell differentiation following Kdr inhibition in both mouse and human club cells. Significantly, airway mucous metaplasia in asthmatic and CF patients is also associated with reduced KDR signaling and increased SOX9 expression. Together, these findings reveal an unexpected role for VEGFa/KDR signaling in the defense against mucous metaplasia, offering a potential therapeutic target for this common airway pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China; Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Huachao Huang
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zichen Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xia Gao
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translation Medicine Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Translation Medicine Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, 90048 CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA.
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14
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Johnson M, Mowa CN. Transcriptomic profile of VEGF-regulated genes in human cervical epithelia. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:771-788. [PMID: 33511468 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cervical epithelial cells play a central role in cervical remodeling (CR) during pregnancy and cervical events during menstrual cycle, including mounting physical and immunological barriers, proliferation and differentiation, maintenance of fluid balance, and likely in withstanding the mechanical force exerted by the growing fetus prior to term. In the present study, we attempt to decipher the specific roles of VEGF in fetal human cervical epithelial cells by delineating VEGF signature genes using RNA sequencing in order to characterize the specific biological effects of VEGF in these cells.Out of a total of 25,000 genes screened, 162 genes were found to be differentially expressed in human cervical epithelial cells, of which 12 genes were found to be statistically significantly differentially expressed. The differentially expressed genes (162) were categorized by biological function, which included (1) proliferation, (2) immune response, (3) structure/matrix, (4) mitochondrial function, and (5) cell adhesion/communication and others (pseudogenes, non-coding RNA, miscellaneous genes, and uncharacterized genes). We conclude that VEGF plays a key role in CR by altering the expression of genes that regulate proliferation, immune response, energy metabolism and cell structure, and biological processes that are essential to development and likely CR.
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15
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Jena MK, Sharma NR, Petitt M, Maulik D, Nayak NR. Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Placenta. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060953. [PMID: 32599856 PMCID: PMC7357118 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, affecting about 5–7% of pregnancies worldwide and is characterized by hypertension and damage to multiple maternal organs, primarily the liver and kidneys. PE usually begins after 20 weeks’ gestation and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications and lifelong disabilities—even death—in both the mother and the infant. As delivery is the only cure for the disease, treatment is primarily focused on the management of blood pressure and other clinical symptoms. The pathogenesis of PE is still not clear. Abnormal spiral artery remodeling, placental ischemia and a resulting increase in the circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), also called soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), are believed to be among the primary pathologies associated with PE. sFlt-1 is produced mainly in the placenta during pregnancy and acts as a decoy receptor, binding to free VEGF (VEGF-A) and placental growth factor (PlGF), resulting in the decreased bioavailability of each to target cells. Despite the pathogenic effects of increased sFlt-1 on the maternal vasculature, recent studies from our laboratory and others have strongly indicated that the increase in sFlt-1 in PE may fulfill critical protective functions in preeclamptic pregnancies. Thus, further studies on the roles of sFlt-1 in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies are warranted for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling for the treatment of PE. Another impediment to the treatment of PE is the lack of suitable methods for delivery of cargo to placental cells, as PE is believed to be of placental origin and most available therapies for PE adversely impact both the mother and the fetus. The present review discusses the pathogenesis of PE, the complex role of sFlt-1 in maternal disease and fetal protection, and the recently developed placenta-targeted drug delivery system for the potential treatment of PE with candidate therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
- Correspondence:
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
| | - Matthew Petitt
- Redwood Biomedical Editing, Redwood City, CA 94061, USA;
| | - Devika Maulik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (D.M.); (N.R.N.)
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (D.M.); (N.R.N.)
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16
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Cho YR, Ahn EK, Park YJ, Park K, Hong SS, Seo DW, Oh JS. A novel role for α-viniferin in suppressing angiogenesis by blocking the VEGFR-2/p70 S6K signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2697-2705. [PMID: 32400050 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays important roles in pathological conditions such as cancer and inflammation as well as normal tissue development and homeostasis. Here, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of α-viniferin, an oligostilbene isolated from Caragana sinica, on human umbilical vein endothelial cell responses in vitro and angiogenic sprouting in aortic rings ex vivo. α-viniferin treatment inhibited mitogen-induced HUVEC proliferation by retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation. In addition, α-viniferin suppressed mitogen-induced HUVEC adhesion, migration, invasion, and microvessel outgrowth. These anti-angiogenic activities of α-viniferin might be mediated through downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Furthermore, inactivation of VEGFR-2/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase signaling pathway was found to be involved in α-viniferin-mediated modulation of endothelial cell responses. Our results demonstrate the pharmacological functions and molecular mechanisms of α-viniferin in regulating angiogenesis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of α-viniferin to treat and prevent various angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Rak Cho
- Medicinal Evaluation Team and Natural Substance Research Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Medicinal Evaluation Team and Natural Substance Research Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Park
- Medicinal Evaluation Team and Natural Substance Research Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Medicinal Evaluation Team and Natural Substance Research Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Hong
- Medicinal Evaluation Team and Natural Substance Research Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hossein Razi M, Eftekhar M, Ghasemi N, Hasan Sheikhha M, Dehghani Firoozabadi A. Expression levels of circulatory mir-185-5p, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor target genes in endometriosis. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:347-358. [PMID: 32637863 PMCID: PMC7306060 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i5.7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using blood-based biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) may allow particularly effective and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Objective: We evaluated the differential expression of circulating miRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) target genes between endometriosis and healthy women. MATERIALS AND METHODS 25 women with a history of endometriosis (grad III-IV) diagnosed by laparoscopy as the case group and 25 women without endometriosis underwent laparoscopy for ovarian cysts or pelvic pain as the control group were enrolled in this case-control study. Blood samples were obtained, and total RNA was used for high-throughput small RNA sequencing, and this was confirmed by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS miRNA expression profiling using non-coding RNA sequencing revealed that one miRNA including miR-185-5p was significantly down-regulated in the case group compared with the controls. The qRT-PCR results showed significant downregulation of the expression level of miR-185-5p (p < 0.01) in the plasma of the case group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the area of miR-185-5p under the ROC curve for endometriosis diagnosis was 0.919 (p < 0.001). The RT-PCR results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF and PDGF mRNA of blood samples in the cases compared to the control group (PDGF, p = 0.09 and VEGF, p = 0.36). CONCLUSION The low expression of miR-185-5p in the plasma of women with endometriosis could be employed as an important non-invasive biomarker for early detection and screening of endometriosis by blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Razi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Eftekhar
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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18
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Wan L, Lovett M, Warchol ME, Stone JS. Vascular endothelial growth factor is required for regeneration of auditory hair cells in the avian inner ear. Hear Res 2020; 385:107839. [PMID: 31760261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair cells in the auditory organ of the vertebrate inner ear are the sensory receptors that convert acoustic stimuli into electrical signals that are conveyed along the auditory nerve to the brainstem. Hair cells are highly susceptible to ototoxic drugs, infection, and acoustic trauma, which can cause cellular degeneration. In mammals, hair cells that are lost after damage are not replaced, leading to permanent hearing impairments. By contrast, supporting cells in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates regenerate hair cells after damage, which restores hearing function. The cellular mechanisms that regulate hair cell regeneration are not well understood. We investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during regeneration of auditory hair cells in chickens after ototoxic injury. Using RNA-Seq, immunolabeling, and in situ hybridization, we found that VEGFA, VEGFC, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 were expressed in the auditory epithelium, with VEGFA expressed in hair cells and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expressed in supporting cells. Using organotypic cultures of the chicken cochlear duct, we found that blocking VEGF receptor activity during hair cell injury reduced supporting cell proliferation as well as the numbers of regenerated hair cells. By contrast, addition of recombinant human VEGFA to organ cultures caused an increase in both supporting cell division and hair cell regeneration. VEGF's effects on supporting cells were preserved in isolated supporting cell cultures, indicating that VEGF can act directly upon supporting cells. These observations demonstrate a heretofore uncharacterized function for VEGF signaling as a critical positive regulator of hair cell regeneration in the avian inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Wan
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
| | - Michael Lovett
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
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19
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Development: Insights from Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010188. [PMID: 31888080 PMCID: PMC6982143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediates a plethora of cellular decisions and behaviors that are crucial for the correct and robust development of multicellular organisms. Many of these signals are encoded in secreted hormones or growth factors that bind to and activate cell surface receptors, to transmit the cue intracellularly. One of the major superfamilies of cell surface receptors are the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). For nearly half a century RTKs have been the focus of intensive study due to their ability to alter fundamental aspects of cell biology, such as cell proliferation, growth, and shape, and because of their central importance in diseases such as cancer. Studies in model organisms such a Drosophila melanogaster have proved invaluable for identifying new conserved RTK pathway components, delineating their contributions, and for the discovery of conserved mechanisms that control RTK-signaling events. Here we provide a brief overview of the RTK superfamily and the general mechanisms used in their regulation. We further highlight the functions of several RTKs that govern distinct cell-fate decisions in Drosophila and explore how their activities are developmentally controlled.
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20
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Wegner S, Uhlemann R, Boujon V, Ersoy B, Endres M, Kronenberg G, Gertz K. Endothelial Cell-Specific Transcriptome Reveals Signature of Chronic Stress Related to Worse Outcome After Mild Transient Brain Ischemia in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1446-1458. [PMID: 31758402 PMCID: PMC7060977 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects that depression and stress-related mental disorders have on stroke outcome are only partially understood. Identifying the transcriptomic signature of chronic stress in endothelium harvested from the ischemic brain is an important step towards elucidating the biological processes involved. Here, we subjected male 129S6/SvEv mice to a 28-day model of chronic stress. The ischemic lesion was quantified after 30 min filamentous middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and 48 h reperfusion by T2-weighted MRI. RNA sequencing was used to profile transcriptomic changes in cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) from the infarct. Mice subjected to the stress procedure displayed reduced weight gain, increased adrenal gland weight, and increased hypothalamic FKBP5 mRNA and protein expression. Chronic stress conferred increased lesion volume upon MCAo. Stress-exposed mice showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes between ECs isolated from the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere than control mice. The genes in question are enriched for roles in biological processes closely linked to endothelial proliferation and neoangiogenesis. MicroRNA-34a was associated with nine of the top 10 biological process Gene Ontology terms selectively enriched in ECs from stressed mice. Moreover, expression of mature miR-34a-5p and miR-34a-3p in ischemic brain tissue was positively related to infarct size and negatively related to sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) mRNA transcription. In conclusion, this study represents the first EC-specific transcriptomic analysis of chronic stress in brain ischemia. The stress signature uncovered relates to worse stroke outcome and is directly relevant to endothelial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wegner
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlemann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Boujon
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burcu Ersoy
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,University of Leicester and Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Karen Gertz
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Tomimatsu T, Mimura K, Matsuzaki S, Endo M, Kumasawa K, Kimura T. Preeclampsia: Maternal Systemic Vascular Disorder Caused by Generalized Endothelial Dysfunction Due to Placental Antiangiogenic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4246. [PMID: 31480243 PMCID: PMC6747625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a systemic vascular disorder characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal endothelial dysfunction caused by placental factors has long been accepted with respect to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Over the past decade, increased production of placental antiangiogenic factors has been identified as a placental factor leading to maternal endothelial dysfunction and systemic vascular dysfunction. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction caused by placental antiangiogenic factors, and the novel clinical strategies based on these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tomimatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Mimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Steady-State Behavior and Endothelialization of a Silk-Based Small-Caliber Scaffold In Vivo Transplantation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081303. [PMID: 31382650 PMCID: PMC6723494 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A silk-based small-caliber tubular scaffold (SFTS), which is fabricated using a regenerated silk fibroin porous scaffold embedding a silk fabric core layer, has been proved to possess good cell compatibility and mechanical properties in vitro. In this study, the endothelialization ability and the steady-state blood flow of SFTSs were evaluated in vivo by implanting and replacing a common carotid artery in a rabbit. The results of the color doppler ultrasound and angiographies showed that the blood flow was circulated in the grafts without aneurysmal dilations or significant stenoses at any time point, and ran stronger and close to the autologous blood vessel from one month after implantation. The SFTSs presented an initial tridimensionality without being distorted or squashed. SEM and immunohistochemistry results showed that a clear and discontinuous endodermis appeared after one month of implantation; when implanted for three months, an endothelial layer fully covered the inner surface of SFTSs. RT-PCR results indicated that the gene expression level of CD31 in SFTSs was 45.8% and 75.3% by that of autologous blood vessels at 3 months and 12 months, respectively. The VEGF gene showed a high expression level that continued to increase after implantation.
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Hayran Y, Lay I, Mocan MC, Bozduman T, Ersoy-Evans S. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in patients with rosacea: A case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:348-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Márquez-Garbán DC, Gorrín-Rivas M, Chen HW, Sterling C, Elashoff D, Hamilton N, Pietras RJ. Squalamine blocks tumor-associated angiogenesis and growth of human breast cancer cells with or without HER-2/neu overexpression. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:66-75. [PMID: 30771431 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for breast cancer progression. Overexpression of HER-2/neu receptors occur in 25-30% of breast cancers, and treatment with trastuzumab inhibits HER-2-overexpressing tumor growth. Notably, HER-2-mediated signaling enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion to increase tumor-associated angiogenesis. Squalamine (aminosterol compound) suppresses VEGF-induced activation of kinases in vascular endothelial cells and inhibits tumor-associated angiogenesis. We assessed antitumor effects of squalamine either alone or with trastuzumab in nude mice bearing breast tumor xenografts without (MCF-7) or with HER2-overexpression (MCF-7/HER-2). Squalamine alone inhibited progression of MCF-7 tumors lacking HER2 overexpression, and squalamine combined with trastuzumab elicited marked inhibition of MCF-7/HER2 growth exceeding that of trastuzumab alone. MCF-7/HER-2 cells secrete higher levels of VEGF than MCF-7 cells, but squalamine elicited no growth inhibition of either MCF-7/HER-2 or MCF-7 cells in vitro. However, squalamine did stop growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and reduced VEGF-induced endothelial tube-like formations in vitro. These effects correlated with blockade of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and stress fiber assembly in HUVECs. Thus, squalamine effectively inhibits growth of breast cancers with or without HER-2-overexpression, an effect due in part to blockade of tumor-associated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Márquez-Garbán
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Manuel Gorrín-Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Wang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Colin Sterling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Nalo Hamilton
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Richard J Pietras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Kuruba V, Gollapalli P. Natural radioprotectors and their impact on cancer drug discovery. Radiat Oncol J 2018; 36:265-275. [PMID: 30630265 PMCID: PMC6361248 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex multifaceted illness that affects different patients in discrete ways. For a number of cancers the use of chemotherapy has become standard practice. Chemotherapy is a use of cytostatic drugs to cure cancer. Cytostatic agents not only affect cancer cells but also affect the growth of normal cells; leading to side effects. Because of this, radiotherapy gained importance in treating cancer. Slaughtering of cancerous cells by radiotherapy depends on the radiosensitivity of the tumor cells. Efforts to improve the therapeutic ratio have resulted in the development of compounds that increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells or protect the normal cells from the effects of radiation. Amifostine is the only chemical radioprotector approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but due to its side effect and toxicity, use of this compound was also failed. Hence the use of herbal radioprotectors bearing pharmacological properties is concentrated due to their low toxicity and efficacy. Notably, in silico methods can expedite drug discovery process, to lessen the compounds with unfavorable pharmacological properties at an early stage of drug development. Hence a detailed perspective of these properties, in accordance with their prediction and measurement, are pivotal for a successful identification of radioprotectors by drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinutha Kuruba
- Department of Biotechnology, NMAM Institute of Technology, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan Gollapalli
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Loss of Multimerin-2 and EMILIN-2 Expression in Gastric Cancer Associate with Altered Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123983. [PMID: 30544909 PMCID: PMC6321373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a deadly tumor and a relatively common disease worldwide. Surgical resection and chemotherapy are the main clinical options to treat this type of disease, however the median overall survival rate is limited to one year. Thus, the development of new therapies is a highly necessary clinical need. Angiogenesis is a promising target for this tumor type, however clinical trials with the use of anti-angiogenic drugs have so far not met expectations. Therefore, it is important to better characterize the expression of molecules whose expression levels may impact on the efficacy of the treatments. In this study the characteristics of the gastric tumor associated blood vessels were first assessed by endomicroscopy. Next, we analyzed the expression of Multimerin-2, EMILIN-2 and EMILIN-1, three molecules of the EMI Domain ENdowed (EDEN) protein family. These molecules play important functions in the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer progression both directly and indirectly impinging on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. All the molecules were highly expressed in the normal mucosa whereas in a number of patients their expression was altered. We consider that better characterizing the gastric tumor microenvironment and the quality of the vasculature may achieve effective patient tailored therapies.
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Okadome J, Matsumoto T, Yoshiya K, Matsuda D, Tamada K, Onimaru M, Nakano K, Egashira K, Yonemitsu Y, Maehara Y. BubR1 insufficiency impairs angiogenesis in aging and in experimental critical limb ischemic mice. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:576-586.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Evelhoch JL. In vivo MR in the drug pipeline. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 292:117-128. [PMID: 29716831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) in drug development has several requirements that differ significantly from most applications primarily because the biopharmaceutical industry must develop new safe and effective drugs more quickly and at lower cost in a highly regulated environment. In vivo MR is recognized as a useful method to provide biomarkers for target engagement, treatment response, safety and mechanism of action that can be translated between animal and clinical studies. Thus, it has the potential to help identify drugs that are more likely to be safe and effective earlier in the process of drug development, which may help reduce the time and money required to get new drugs to patients with an unmet medical need. A brief introduction of how novel drugs are discovered and developed, what drives the biopharmaceutical industry's interest in using biomarkers and what it takes to use MR as a biomarker to support drug development, including regulatory concerns, provides context for understanding what makes the application of in vivo MR in drug development different from most others. Exploration of three programs (trebananib, ZD6126 and axitinib) using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the development of antivascular agents provides insight into how in vivo MR biomarkers impact drug discovery and development and the limitations of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Evelhoch
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP 42-211, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Salavati H, Soltani M, Amanpour S. The pivotal role of angiogenesis in a multi-scale modeling of tumor growth exhibiting the avascular and vascular phases. Microvasc Res 2018; 119:105-116. [PMID: 29742454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in tumor growth mainly occur at the microenvironment, where the interactions between the intracellular, intercellular and extracellular scales mediate the dynamics of tumor. In this work, we present a multi-scale model of solid tumor dynamics to simulate the avascular and vascular growth as well as tumor-induced angiogenesis. The extracellular and intercellular scales are modeled using partial differential equations and cellular Potts model, respectively. Also, few biochemical and biophysical rules control the dynamics of intracellular level. On the other hand, the growth of melanoma tumors is modeled in an animal in-vivo study to evaluate the simulation. The simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces a completed image of processes involved in tumor growth such as avascular and vascular growth as well as angiogenesis. The model incorporates the phenotypes of cancerous cells including proliferating, quiescent and necrotic cells, as well as endothelial cells during angiogenesis. The results clearly demonstrate the pivotal effect of angiogenesis on the progression of cancerous cells. Also, the model exhibits important events in tumor-induced angiogenesis like anastomosis. Moreover, the computational trend of tumor growth closely follows the observations in the experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Salavati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Computational Medicine Center, Tehran, Iran; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Cancer Biology Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Amanpour
- Cancer Biology Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu Y, Lan W, Wang C, Cao C. A putative G-quadruplex structure in the proximal promoter of VEGFR-2 has implications for drug design to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8947-8955. [PMID: 29666187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is mainly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) produced by cancer cells. It is active on the endothelium via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). G-quadruplexes are DNA secondary structures formed by guanine-rich sequences, for example, within gene promoters where they may contribute to transcriptional activity. The proximal promoter of VEGFR-2 contains a G-quadruplex, which has been suggested to interact with small molecules that inhibit VEGFR-2 expression and thereby tumor angiogenesis. However, its structure is not known. Here, we determined its NMR solution structure, which is composed of three stacked G-tetrads containing three syn guanines. The first guanine (G1) is positioned within the central G-tetrad. We also observed that a noncanonical, V-shaped loop spans three G-tetrad planes, including no bridging nucleotides. A long and diagonal loop, which includes six nucleotides, connects reversal double chains. With a melting temperature of 54.51 °C, the scaffold of this quadruplex is stabilized by one G-tetrad plane stacking with one nonstandard bp, G3-C8, whose bases interact with each other through only one hydrogen bond. In summary, the NMR solution structure of the G-quadruplex in the proximal promoter region of the VEGFR-2 gene reported here has uncovered its key features as a potential anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Wenxian Lan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Cao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China and
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Angiogenesis Analysis by In Vitro Coculture Assays in Transwell Chambers in Ovarian Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1699:179-186. [PMID: 29086377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7435-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important biological process in tumor growth and metastasis of tumor cells, and it has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. In vitro assays are useful tools for understanding the complex mechanisms of angiogenesis under a variety of conditions. Capillary-like formation and transwell migration assays are two of the most common techniques used in angiogenesis research. Here, we show an easy coculture model to study the role of microRNAs on angiogenesis that combines tube formation and cell migration assays. Recently, we reported that miR-204 is repressed in breast cancer and restoration in cancer cell lines results in angiogenesis inhibition. Here, we restored the expression of miR-204 by transfection of precursor molecule in the tumorigenic SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line, and analyzed the effects in cell migration, invasion, and tube formation of endothelial cells using matrigel-coated transwell chambers.
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Regano D, Visintin A, Clapero F, Bussolino F, Valdembri D, Maione F, Serini G, Giraudo E. Sema3F (Semaphorin 3F) Selectively Drives an Extraembryonic Proangiogenic Program. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1710-1721. [PMID: 28729362 PMCID: PMC5567401 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular pathways governing blood vessel patterning are vital to vertebrate development. Because of their ability to counteract proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic secreted Sema3 (class 3 semaphorins) control embryonic vascular morphogenesis. However, if and how Sema3 may play a role in the control of extraembryonic vascular development is presently unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS By characterizing genetically modified mice, here, we show that surprisingly Sema3F acts instead as a selective extraembryonic, but not intraembryonic proangiogenic cue. Both in vivo and in vitro, in visceral yolk sac epithelial cells, Sema3F signals to inhibit the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of Myc, a transcription factor that drives the expression of proangiogenic genes, such as the microRNA cluster 17/92. In Sema3f-null yolk sacs, the transcription of Myc-regulated microRNA 17/92 cluster members is impaired, and the synthesis of Myc and microRNA 17/92 foremost antiangiogenic target Thbs1 (thrombospondin 1) is increased, whereas Vegf (vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling is inhibited in yolk sac endothelial cells. Consistently, exogenous recombinant Sema3F inhibits the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of Myc and the synthesis of Thbs1 in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells that were in vitro differentiated in visceral yolk sac epithelial cells. Sema3f-/- mice placentas are also highly anemic and abnormally vascularized. CONCLUSIONS Sema3F functions as an unconventional Sema3 that promotes extraembryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting the Myc-regulated synthesis of Thbs1 in visceral yolk sac epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Regano
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.)
| | - Alessia Visintin
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.)
| | - Fabiana Clapero
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.)
| | - Federico Bussolino
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.)
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.)
| | - Federica Maione
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.)
| | - Guido Serini
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.).
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- From the Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.C., F.B., D.V., F.M., G.S., E.G.); Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Italy (D.R., A.V., F.M., E.G.); and Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy (F.C., F.B., D.V., G.S.).
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Kobayashi K, Maeda K, Takefuji M, Kikuchi R, Morishita Y, Hirashima M, Murohara T. Dynamics of angiogenesis in ischemic areas of the infarcted heart. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7156. [PMID: 28769049 PMCID: PMC5540926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are susceptible to apoptosis caused by hypoxia during the acute and subacute phases of myocardial infarction (MI). Angiogenesis can reduce MI-induced damage by mitigating hypoxia. It has been speculated that the ischemic border zone is a unique area rescued by angiogenic therapy. However, the mechanism and timing for new vessel formation in the mammalian heart following hypoxia are unclear. Identifying targets that benefit from angiogenesis treatment is indispensable for the development of revolutionary therapies. Here, we describe a novel circulatory system wherein new vessels develop from the endocardium of the left ventricle to perfuse the hypoxic area and salvage damaged cardiomyocytes at 3-14 days after MI by activating vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Moreover, enhanced angiogenesis increased cardiomyocyte survival along the endocardium in the ischemic zone and suppressed ventricular remodeling in infarcted hearts. In contrast, cardiomyocytes in the border zone's hypoxic area underwent apoptosis within 12 h of MI, and the border area that was amenable to treatment disappeared. These data indicate that the non-perfused area along the endocardium is a site of active angiogenesis and a promising target for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Kengo Maeda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masanori Hirashima
- Division of Vascular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
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Ashok A, Thanukrishnan K, Bhojya Naik HS, Maridu R. Novel Aryl‐Modified Benzoylamino‐
N
‐(5,6‐dimethoxy‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐heteroamides as Potent Inhibitors of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ashok
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. 49 Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bommasandra Bangalore 560099 Karnataka India
| | - Kannan Thanukrishnan
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. 49 Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bommasandra Bangalore 560099 Karnataka India
| | - Halehatty S. Bhojya Naik
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical SciencesKuvempu University Shankaraghatta Karnataka 577451 India
| | - Rajendraswami Maridu
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. 49 Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bommasandra Bangalore 560099 Karnataka India
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Promoting angiogenesis with mesoporous microcarriers through a synergistic action of delivered silicon ion and VEGF. Biomaterials 2016; 116:145-157. [PMID: 27918936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic capacity of biomaterials is a key asset to drive vascular ingrowth during tissue repair and regeneration. Here we design a unique angiogenic microcarrier based on sol-gel derived mesoporous silica. The microspheres offer a potential angiogenic stimulator, Si ion, 'intrinsically' within the chemical structure. Furthermore, the highly mesoporous nature allows the loading and release of angiogenic growth factor 'extrinsically'. The Si ion is released from the microcarriers at therapeutic ranges (over a few ppm per day), which indeed up-regulates the expression of hypoxia inducing factor 1α (HIF1α) and stabilizes it by blocking HIF-prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in HUVECs. This in turn activates the expression of a series of proangiogenic molecules, including bFGF, VEGF, and eNOS. VEGF is incorporated effectively within the mesopores of microcarriers and is then released continuously over a couple of weeks. The Si ion and VEGF released from the microcarriers synergistically stimulate endothelial cell functions, such as cell migration, chemotactic homing, and tubular networking. Furthermore, in vivo neo-blood vessel sprouting in chicken chorioallantoic membrane model is significantly promoted by the Si/VEGF releasing microcarriers. The current study demonstrates the synergized effects of Si ion and angiogenic growth factor through a biocompatible mesoporous microsphere delivery platform, and the concept provided here may open the door to a new co-delivery system of utilizing ions with growth factors for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Aida M, Irié T, Aida T, Tachikawa T. Expression of Protein Kinases C βI, βII, and VEGF during the Differentiation of Enamel Epithelium in Tooth Development. J Dent Res 2016; 84:234-9. [PMID: 15723862 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is an important molecule involved in various cell function, and mediates induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is hypothesized that PKC and VEGF may be associated with tooth development. Using the laser microdissection method and real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), we investigated the expression of PKC βI and βII, VEGF, and amelogenin (used as a marker of differentiation to ameloblasts) in the inner and outer enamel epithelia, stellate reticulum, and dental papilla in each stage of the dental germ. We found that the expression levels of PKC βI and βII were increased in the inner enamel epithelium during the early bell stage. In addition, the increased expression levels of PKC βI and βII were accompanied by increased VEGF expression. These results indicate that PKC βI, βII, and VEGF are closely associated with the differentiation of the inner enamel epithelium to ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aida
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Tomimatsu T, Mimura K, Endo M, Kumasawa K, Kimura T. Pathophysiology of preeclampsia: an angiogenic imbalance and long-lasting systemic vascular dysfunction. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:305-310. [PMID: 27829661 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a systemic vascular disorder characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. This condition targets several organs, including the kidneys, liver and brain, and is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, recent evidence has revealed preeclampsia as a significant risk factor for future cardiovascular diseases in these women. Over the past decade, increasing evidence has indicated that maternal angiogenic imbalances caused by placental antiangiogenic factors play a central role in the systemic vascular dysfunction underling preeclampsia. The severity of the maternal antiangiogenic state correlates closely with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Assessing angiogenic imbalance and several vascular function tests have also emerged as a way of detecting systemic vascular dysfunction during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, its clinical applications and clinical evidence for future cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tomimatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Mimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Mowa CN, Jesmin S, Sakuma I, Usip S, Togashi H, Yoshioka M, Hattori Y, Papka R. Characterization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the Uterine Cervix over Pregnancy: Effects of Denervation and Implications for Cervical Ripening. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:1665-74. [PMID: 15557221 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6455.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral neurectomy of the pelvic nerve (BLPN) that carries uterine cervix-related sensory nerves induces dystocia, and administration of its vasoactive neuropeptides induces changes in the cervical microvasculature, resembling those that occur in the ripening cervix. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that (a) the cervix of pregnant rats expresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and components of the angiogenic signaling pathway [VEGF receptors (Flt-1, KDR), activity of protein kinase B, Akt (phosphorylated Akt), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)] and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and that these molecules undergo changes with pregnancy, and (b) bilateral pelvic neurectomy (BLPN) alters levels of VEGF concentration in the cervix. Using RT-PCR and sequencing, two VEGF isoforms, 120 and 164, were identified in the rat cervix. VEGF, VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1), eNOS, and vWF immunoreactivities (ir) were localized in the microvasculature of cervical stroma. Their protein levels increased during pregnancy but decreased to control levels by 2 days postpartum. VEGF receptor-2 (KDR)-ir was confined to the epithelium of the endocervix. BLPN downregulated levels of VEGF by a third. Therefore, the components of the angiogenic signaling pathway are expressed in the cervix and change over pregnancy. Furthermore, angiogenic and sensory neuronal factors may be important in regulating the dynamic microvasculature in the ripening cervix and may subsequently play a role in cervical ripening and the birth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Mowa
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, 4209 State Rt. 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Jennings L, Ivashchenko O, Marsman IJC, Laan AC, Denkova AG, Waton G, Beekman FJ, Schosseler F, Mendes E. In vivo biodistribution of stable spherical and filamentous micelles probed by high-sensitivity SPECT. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1202-11. [PMID: 27286085 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how nanoparticle properties such as size, morphology and rigidity influence their circulation time and biodistribution is essential for the development of nanomedicine therapies. Herein we assess the influence of morphology on cellular internalization, in vivo biodistribution and circulation time of nanocarriers using polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) micelles of spherical or elongated morphology. The glassy nature of polystyrene guarantees the morphological stability of the carriers in vivo and by encapsulating Indium-111 in their core, an assessment of the longitudinal in vivo biodistribution of the particles in healthy mice is performed with single photon emission computed tomography imaging. Our results show prolonged blood circulation, longer than 24 hours, for all micelle morphologies studied. Dynamics of micelle accumulation in the liver and other organs of the reticuloendothelial system show a size-dependent nature and late stage liver clearance is observed for the elongated morphology. Apparent contradictions between recent similar studies can be resolved by considering the effects of flexibility and degradation of the elongated micelles on their circulation time and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jennings
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Moriarity A, O'Sullivan J, Kennedy J, Mehigan B, McCormick P. Current targeted therapies in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2016; 8:276-93. [PMID: 27482287 DOI: 10.1177/1758834016646734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have undergone dramatic changes in the past decade and despite improved patient outcomes, there still exist areas for continued development. The introduction of targeted agents has provided clinicians with additional treatment options in mCRC, however, results have been mixed at best. These novel therapies were designed to interfere with specific molecules involved in the cellular carcinogenesis pathway and ultimately deliver a more focused treatment. Currently, their use in mCRC has been limited primarily as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy regimens. This review explores the relevant cell-signaling networks in colorectal cancer, provides focus on the current targeted agent armamentarium approved for use in mCRC and explores the usefulness of predictive mCRC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Moriarity
- St James's Hospital, Surgical Oncology, St James's St, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Curcumin inhibits angiogenesis and improves defective hematopoiesis induced by tumor-derived VEGF in tumor model through modulating VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19469-82. [PMID: 26254223 PMCID: PMC4637299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound from the perennial herb Curcuma longa, has been proved to be beneficial for tumor-bearing animals through inhibiting tumor neovasculature formation, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we aim to test whether curcumin affects VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway and attenuates defective hematopoiesis induced by VEGF in tumor model. We demonstrated that curcumin inhibited proliferation, migration of HUVEC under VEGF stimulation and caused HUVEC apoptosis, and blocked VEGFR2 activation and its downstream signaling pathways in vitro. Furthermore, in VEGF over-expressing tumor model, curcumin significantly inhibited the tumor growth accelerated by VEGF in a dose-dependent manner and improved anemia and extramedullary hematopoiesis in livers and spleens of tumor-bearing mice induced by tumor-derived VEGF. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that curcumin normalized vasculature structures of livers and reduced tumor microvessel density. ELISA revealed that curcumin suppressed VEGF secretion from tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Survival analysis showed that curcumin significantly improved survival ability of VEGF tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, these findings establish curcumin as a modulator of VEGF and VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway, with potential implication for improving the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Effect of high-glucose conditions on human periodontal ligament endothelial cells: in vitro analysis. Odontology 2016; 105:76-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Aryal B, Shimizu T, Kadono J, Furoi A, Komokata T, Inoue M, Ikeda S, Fukukura Y, Nakamura M, Yamakuchi M, Hashiguchi T, Imoto Y. A Switch in the Dynamics of Intra-Platelet VEGF-A from Cancer to the Later Phase of Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Humans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150446. [PMID: 26930285 PMCID: PMC4773068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver regeneration (LR) involves an early inductive phase characterized by the proliferation of hepatocytes, and a delayed angiogenic phase distinguished by the expansion of non-parenchymal compartment. The interest in understanding the mechanism of LR has lately shifted from the proliferation and growth of parenchymal cells to vascular remodeling during LR. Angiogenesis accompanied by LR exerts a pivotal role to accomplish the process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been elucidated as the most dynamic regulator of angiogenesis. From this perspective, platelet derived/Intra-platelet (IP) VEGF-A should be associated with LR. Material and Methods Thirty-seven patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and undergoing partial hepatectomy (PH) were enrolled in the study. Serum and IP VEGF-A was monitored preoperatively and at four weeks of PH. Liver volumetry was determined on computer models derived from computed tomography (CT) scan. Results Serum and IP VEGF-A was significantly elevated at four weeks of PH. Preoperative IP VEGF-A was higher in patients with advanced cancer and vascular invasion. Postoperative IP VEGF-A was higher after major liver resection. There was a statistically significant correlation between postoperative IP VEGF-A and the future remnant liver volume. Moreover, the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) was distinctly down-regulated suggesting a fine-tuned angiogenesis at the later phase of LR. Conclusion IP VEGF-A is overexpressed during later phase of LR suggesting its implications in inducing angiogenesis during LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Aryal
- Cardiovascular and Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jun Kadono
- Cardiovascular and Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Furoi
- Department of Surgery, Kirishima Medical Center, Kirishima, Japan
| | - Teruo Komokata
- Department of Surgery, Kagoshima Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Kirishima Medical Center, Kirishima, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ikeda
- Department of Radiology, Kirishima Medical Center, Kirishima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fukukura
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Munekazu Yamakuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Teruto Hashiguchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yutaka Imoto
- Cardiovascular and Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Sequestration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Induces Late Restrictive Lung Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148323. [PMID: 26863115 PMCID: PMC4749176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a restrictive lung disease characterized by surfactant deficiency. Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which demonstrates important roles in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of restrictive lung diseases. Current animal models investigating VEGF in the etiology and outcomes of RDS require premature delivery, hypoxia, anatomically or temporally limited inhibition, or other supplemental interventions. Consequently, little is known about the isolated effects of chronic VEGF inhibition, started at birth, on subsequent developing lung structure and function. Objectives To determine whether inducible, mesenchyme-specific VEGF inhibition in the neonatal mouse lung results in long-term modulation of AECII and whole lung function. Methods Triple transgenic mice expressing the soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1 specifically in the mesenchyme (Dermo-1/rtTA/sFlt-1) were generated and compared to littermate controls at 3 months to determine the impact of neonatal downregulation of mesenchymal VEGF expression on lung structure, cell composition and function. Reduced tissue VEGF bioavailability has previously been demonstrated with this model. Measurements and Main Results Triple transgenic mice demonstrated restrictive lung pathology. No differences in gross vascular development or protein levels of vascular endothelial markers was noted, but there was a significant decrease in perivascular smooth muscle and type I collagen. Mutants had decreased expression levels of surfactant protein C and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha without a difference in number of type II pneumocytes. Conclusions These data show that mesenchyme-specific inhibition of VEGF in neonatal mice results in late restrictive disease, making this transgenic mouse a novel model for future investigations on the consequences of neonatal RDS and potential interventions.
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Samantaray S, Das A, Matzelle DC, Yu SP, Wei L, Varma A, Ray SK, Banik NL. Administration of low dose estrogen attenuates gliosis and protects neurons in acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1064-73. [PMID: 26662641 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition with neurological deficits and loss of motor function that, depending on the severity, may lead to paralysis. The only treatment currently available is methylprednisolone, which is widely used and renders limited efficacy in SCI. Therefore, other therapeutic agents must be developed. The neuroprotective efficacy of estrogen in SCI was studied with a pre-clinical and pro-translational perspective. Acute SCI was induced in rats that were treated with low doses of estrogen (1, 5, 10, or 100 μg/kg) and compared with vehicle-treated injured rats or laminectomy control (sham) rats at 48 h post-SCI. Changes in gliosis and other pro-inflammatory responses, expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes (e.g., calpain, caspase-3), apoptosis of neurons in SCI, and cell death were monitored via Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Negligible pro-inflammatory responses or proteolytic events and very low levels of neuronal death were found in sham rats. In contrast, vehicle-treated SCI rats showed profound pro-inflammatory responses with reactive gliosis, elevated expression and activity of calpain and caspase-3, elevated Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, and high levels of neuronal death in lesion and caudal regions of the injured spinal cord. Estrogen treatment at each dose reduced pro-inflammatory and proteolytic activities and protected neurons in the caudal penumbra in acute SCI. Estrogen treatment at 10 μg was found to be as effective as 100 μg in ameliorating the above parameters in injured animals. Results from this investigation indicated that estrogen at a low dose could be a promising therapeutic agent for treating acute SCI. Experimental studies with low dose estrogen therapy in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrated the potential for multi-active beneficial outcomes. Estrogen has been found to ameliorate several degenerative pathways following SCI. Thus, such early protective effects may even lead to functional recovery in long term injury. Studies are underway in chronic SCI in a follow up manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Denise C Matzelle
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abhay Varma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Shah S, Lee C, Choi H, Gautam J, Jang H, Kim GJ, Lee YJ, Chaudhary CL, Park SW, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. 5-Hydroxy-7-azaindolin-2-one, a novel hybrid of pyridinol and sunitinib: design, synthesis and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4829-4841. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of hybrid compounds of pyridinol and sunitinib and their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines and improved safety windows are described.
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Kim BR, Lee SH, Park MS, Seo SH, Park YM, Kwon YJ, Rho SB. MARCKSL1 exhibits anti-angiogenic effects through suppression of VEGFR-2-dependent Akt/PDK-1/mTOR phosphorylation. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1041-8. [PMID: 26555156 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like 1 (MARCKSL1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and has been shown to maintain antitumor and metastasis-suppressive properties. In the present study, we examined the effects of MARCKSL1 as a novel anti-angiogenic agent on the inhibition of angiogenesis-mediated cell migration. MARCKSL1 also reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, as well as capillary-like tubular structure formation in vitro. MARCKSL1 disrupted phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in ovarian tumorigenesis. In addition, MARCKSL1 showed potent anti-angiogenic activity and reduced the levels of VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, an essential regulator of angiogenesis. Consistently, MARCKSL1 decreased VEGF‑induced phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway components, including phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC-2), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) protein. Collectively, our results provide evidence for the physiological/biological function of an endothelial cell system involved in angiogenesis through suppression of Akt/PDK-1/mTOR phosphorylation by interaction with VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi‑do 449‑714, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Seo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 440‑746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
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Koh SA, Kim MK, Lee KH, Kim SW, Kim JR. RhoGDI2 is associated with HGF-mediated tumor invasion through VEGF in stomach cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:805-15. [PMID: 25253431 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has been identified as a regulator of tumor metastasis; however, its role in cancer remains controversial. The aims of this study were to analyze RhoGDI2 in gastric cancer growth and metastasis, and to determine its possible signaling pathway. The level of expression of RhoGDI2 was further confirmed by real time RT-RCR and Western blot analysis. Transfection of cells with RhoGDI2 shRNA resulted in no effects of cell proliferation, as determined with MTT assays. In an in vitro invasion assay, significantly fewer cells transfected with RhoGDI2 shRNA, compared with control cells, were able to invade across a Matrigel membrane barrier. The role of RhoGDI2 in the level of HGF-induced up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by knockdown of RhoGDI2 with RhoGDI2 shRNA and a chromatic immuno-precipitation assay. The levels of RhoGDI2 and VEGF were up-regulated in cells treated with HGF in a dose-dependent manner. HGF-induced up-regulation of VEGF was repressed by RhoGDI2 knockdown. HGF-induced upregulation of phosphorylated ERK and P38 levels was inhibited in RhoGDI2 knockdown cells. HGF enhanced the binding activity of RhoGDI2 to the VEGF promoter in control cells, but not in RhoGDI2-shRNA cells. Findings of this study also showed a statistically significant difference in the mean RhoGDI2 level before and after surgery (p < 0.01) and the mean level of RhoGDI2 before surgery showed a statistically significant difference depending on lymphatic, neural invasion and stage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, RhoGDI2 might play an important role in up-regulation of VEGF induced by HGF and contributes to HGF-mediated tumor invasion and metastasis, which may serve as a promising target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ae Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-Dong, Taegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
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