1
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Odoh CK, Madrigal-Perez LA, Kamal R. Glucosylglycerol and proline reverse the effects of glucose on Rhodosporidium toruloides lifespan. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:195. [PMID: 38546876 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides is a novel cell factory used to synthesis carotenoids, biosurfactants, and biofuel feedstocks. However, research on R. toruloides has generally centred on the manufacture of biochemicals, while analyses of its longevity have received scant attention. Understanding of R. toruloides longevity under different nutrient conditions could help to improve its biotechnological significance and metabolite production. Glucosylglycerol (GG) and proline are osmoprotectants that could revert the harmful effects of environmental stress. This study examined how GG and proline affect R. toruloides strain longevity under glucose nutrimental stress. Herein, we provide evidence that GG and proline enhance cell performance and viability. These compatible solutes neutralises the pro-ageing effects of high glucose (10% glucose) on the yeast cell and reverse its cellular stress. GG exhibits the greatest impact on lifespan extension at 100 mM, whereas proline exerts effect at 2 mM. Our data reveal that these compounds significantly affect the culture medium osmolarity. Moreso, GG and proline decreased ROS production and mitohormetic lifespan regulation, respectively. The data indicates that these solutes (proline and GG) support the longevity of R. toruloides at a pro-ageing high glucose culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuks Kenneth Odoh
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | | | - Rasool Kamal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China
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2
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Suda K, Moriyama Y, Razali N, Chiu Y, Masukagami Y, Nishimura K, Barbee H, Takase H, Sugiyama S, Yamazaki Y, Sato Y, Higashiyama T, Johmura Y, Nakanishi M, Kono K. Plasma membrane damage limits replicative lifespan in yeast and induces premature senescence in human fibroblasts. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:319-335. [PMID: 38388781 PMCID: PMC10950784 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane damage (PMD) occurs in all cell types due to environmental perturbation and cell-autonomous activities. However, cellular outcomes of PMD remain largely unknown except for recovery or death. In this study, using budding yeast and normal human fibroblasts, we found that cellular senescence-stable cell cycle arrest contributing to organismal aging-is the long-term outcome of PMD. Our genetic screening using budding yeast unexpectedly identified a close genetic association between PMD response and replicative lifespan regulations. Furthermore, PMD limits replicative lifespan in budding yeast; upregulation of membrane repair factors ESCRT-III (SNF7) and AAA-ATPase (VPS4) extends it. In normal human fibroblasts, PMD induces premature senescence via the Ca2+-p53 axis but not the major senescence pathway, DNA damage response pathway. Transient upregulation of ESCRT-III (CHMP4B) suppressed PMD-dependent senescence. Together with mRNA sequencing results, our study highlights an underappreciated but ubiquitous senescent cell subtype: PMD-dependent senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Suda
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Moriyama
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nurhanani Razali
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yatzu Chiu
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Masukagami
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hunter Barbee
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinju Sugiyama
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamazaki
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kono
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
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3
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Meyer T, Knittelfelder O, Smolnig M, Rockenfeller P. Quantifying yeast lipidomics by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and comparison to mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:57-68. [PMID: 38384676 PMCID: PMC10879857 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.02.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis in diverse biological settings has become a frequent tool to increase our understanding of the processes of life. Cellular lipids play important roles not only as being the main components of cellular membranes, but also in the regulation of cell homeostasis as lipid signaling molecules. Yeast has been harnessed for biomedical research based on its good conservation of genetics and fundamental cell organisation principles and molecular pathways. Further application in so-called humanised yeast models have been developed which take advantage of yeast as providing the basics of a living cell with full control over heterologous expression. Here we present evidence that high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) represents an effective alternative to replace cost intensive mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analyses. We provide statistical comparison of identical samples by both methods, which support the use of HPTLC for quantitative analysis of the main yeast lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Meyer
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Smolnig
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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4
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Wu J, Xin R, Jiang Y, Jin H, Liu H, Zhang H, Jiang D, Fu Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Lin Y. Botrytis cinerea type II inhibitor of apoptosis BcBIR1 enhances the biocontrol capacity of Coniothyrium minitans. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14402. [PMID: 38393322 PMCID: PMC10886433 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-like programmed cell death is associated with fungal development, ageing, pathogenicity and stress responses. Here, to explore the potential of Botrytis cinerea type II inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) BcBIR1 in elevating the biocontrol efficacy of Coniothyrium minitans, the BcBIR1 gene was heterologously expressed in C. minitans. Results indicated that the strains expressing BcBIR1 had higher rates of conidiation, mycelial growth and biomass growth than the wild-type strain. Moreover, BcBIR1 was found to inhibit apoptosis, indicating its role as an IAP in C. minitans. Under various abiotic stresses, the growth rates of BcBIR1-expressing strains were significantly higher than that of the wild-type strain. Moreover, the conidial survival rate of the BcBIR1-expressing strains treated with ultraviolet irradiation was enhanced. In antifungal activity assay, the culture filtrates of BcBIR1-expressing strains displayed a stronger inhibitory effect on B. cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum than the wild-type strain. The study also found that BcBIR1 expression increased the mycoparasitism against the sclerotia, but not the hyphae of S. sclerotiorum. Taken together, these results suggest that BcBIR1 enhances vegetative growth, conidiation, anti-apoptosis activity, abiotic stress resistance, antifungal activity and mycoparasitism in C. minitans. As an IAP, BcBIR1 may improve the control capacity of C. minitans against S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ruolong Xin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yachan Jiang
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huanan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institute, Health Science CenterHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yang Lin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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5
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Ramesh S, Roy U, Roy S, Rudramurthy SM. A promising antifungal lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis: its characterization and insight into the mode of action. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:161. [PMID: 38252130 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Emerging resistance of fungal pathogens and challenges faced in drug development have prompted renewed investigations into novel antifungal lipopeptides. The antifungal lipopeptide AF3 reported here is a natural lipopeptide isolated and purified from Bacillus subtilis. The AF3 lipopeptide's secondary structure, functional groups, and the presence of amino acid residues typical of lipopeptides were determined by circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The lipopeptide's low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4-8 mg/L against several fungal strains demonstrate its strong antifungal activity. Biocompatibility assays showed that ~ 80% of mammalian cells remained viable at a 2 × MIC concentration of AF3. The treated Candida albicans cells examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy clearly showed ultrastructural alterations such as the loss of the cell shape and cell membrane integrity. The antifungal effect of AF3 resulted in membrane permeabilization facilitating the uptake of the fluorescent dyes-acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) and FUN-1. Using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 4-(2-[6-(dioctylamino)-2-naphthalenyl] ethenyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl) pyridinium inner salt (di-8-ANEPPS), we observed that the binding of AF3 to the membrane bilayer results in membrane disruption and depolarization. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a direct correlation between lipopeptide activity, membrane permeabilization (~ 75% PI uptake), and reduced cell viability. An increase in 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence demonstrates endogenous reactive oxygen species production. Lipopeptide treatment appears to induce late-stage apoptosis and alterations to nuclear morphology, suggesting that AF3-induced membrane damage may lead to a cellular stress response. Taken together, this study illustrates antifungal lipopeptide's potential as an antifungal drug candidate. KEY POINTS: • The studied lipopeptide variant AF3 displayed potent antifungal activity against C. albicans • Its biological activity was stable to proteolysis • Analytical studies demonstrated that the lipopeptide is essentially membranotropic and able to cause membrane dysfunction, elevated ROS levels, apoptosis, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Sancoale, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Sancoale, Goa, 403726, India.
| | - Subhasish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Sancoale, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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6
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Burandt QC, Deising HB, von Tiedemann A. Further Limitations of Synthetic Fungicide Use and Expansion of Organic Agriculture in Europe Will Increase the Environmental and Health Risks of Chemical Crop Protection Caused by Copper-Containing Fungicides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:19-30. [PMID: 37850744 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper-containing fungicides have been used in agriculture since 1885. The divalent copper ion is a nonbiodegradable multisite inhibitor that has a strictly protective, nonsystemic effect on plants. Copper-containing plant protection products currently approved in Germany contain copper oxychloride, copper hydroxide, and tribasic copper sulfate. Copper is primarily used to control oomycete pathogens in grapevine, hop, potato, and fungal diseases in fruit production. In the environment, copper is highly persistent and toxic to nontarget organisms. The latter applies for terrestric and aquatic organisms such as earthworms, insects, birds, fish, Daphnia, and algae. Hence, copper fungicides are currently classified in the European Union as candidates for substitution. Pertinently, copper also exhibits significant mammalian toxicity (median lethal dose oral = 300-2500 mg/kg body wt in rats). To date, organic production still profoundly relies on the use of copper fungicides. Attempts to reduce doses of copper applications and the search for copper substitutes have not been successful. Copper compounds compared with modern synthetic fungicides with similar areas of use display significantly higher risks for honey bees (3- to 20-fold), beneficial insects (6- to 2000-fold), birds (2- to 13-fold), and mammals (up to 17-fold). These data contradict current views that crop protection in organic farming is associated with lower environmental or health risks. Further limitations in the range and use of modern single-site fungicides may force conventional production to fill the gaps with copper fungicides to counteract fungicide resistance. In contrast to the European Union Green Deal goals, the intended expansion of organic farming in Europe would further enhance the use of copper fungicides and hence increase the overall risks of chemical crop protection in Europe. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:19-30. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin C Burandt
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, Division of Crop Biodiversity and Breeding Informatics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Phytopathology and Crop Protection; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas von Tiedemann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Cao J, Fang Q, Han C, Zhong C. Cold atmospheric plasma fumigation suppresses postharvest apple Botrytis cinerea by triggering intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial calcium. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 407:110397. [PMID: 37716308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Botrytis cinerea poses a great threat to the postharvest life of apple fruit. In this study, the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) fumigation on apple B. cinerea under different exposure times and intensities were investigated. The growth of B. cinerea in vitro and in vivo was significantly suppressed by the CAP fumigation at least 700 μL/L for 5 min. To reveal the possible mechanism of antifungal activity of CAP fumigation, the pathogen was exposed to 700 μL/L and 1000 μL/L for 5 min, respectively. The results indicated that the CAP-treated spores of the pathogen underwent shrinkage, cell membrane collapse and cytoplasmic vacuolation. The results obtained from the fluorescent probe assay and flow cytometry indicated that CAP caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the elevation of mitochondrial and intracellular Ca2+ levels, and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential of the pathogen. Investigation on statues of cell life showed that typical hallmarks of apoptosis in the CAP-treated B. cinerea spores occurred, as indicted by a large degree of increased phosphatidylserine externalization, dysfunction of membrane permeability, DNA fragmentation, distortion of morphology, chromatin condensation, and metacaspase activation observed in B. cinerea spores after CAP fumigation. Overall, CAP fumigation triggered a metacaspase-dependent apoptosis of B. cinerea spores mediated by intracellular ROS burst and Ca2+ elevation via mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption, and therefore reduced the pathogenicity of B. cinerea and suppressed postharvest Botrytis rot of apple fruit. These results would provide an insight into the underlying mechanism of CAP fumigation acting on the pathogen. The CAP fumigation makes much convenient application of CAP in storage environment to deactivate microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiong Fang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenrui Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chongshan Zhong
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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8
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Dehghan S, Kheshtchin N, Hassannezhad S, Soleimani M. Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113860. [PMID: 38013091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells tend to disintegrate themselves or are forced to undergo such destructive processes in critical circumstances. This complex cellular function necessitates various mechanisms and molecular pathways in order to be executed. The very nature of cell death is essentially important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, thus any type of disturbing occurrence might lead to different sorts of diseases and dysfunctions. Cell death has various modalities and yet, every now and then, a new type of this elegant procedure gets to be discovered. The diversity of cell death compels the need for a universal organizing system in order to facilitate further studies, therapeutic strategies and the invention of new methods of research. Considering all that, we attempted to review most of the known cell death mechanisms and sort them all into one arranging system that operates under a simple but subtle decision-making (If \ Else) order as a sorting algorithm, in which it decides to place and sort an input data (a type of cell death) into its proper set, then a subset and finally a group of cell death. By proposing this algorithm, the authors hope it may solve the problems regarding newer and/or undiscovered types of cell death and facilitate research and therapeutic applications of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Dehghan
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Thomas L, Khan NA, Siddiqui R, Alawfi BS, Lloyd D. Cell death of Acanthamoeba castellanii following exposure to antimicrobial agents commonly included in contact lens disinfecting solutions. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:16. [PMID: 38060008 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Several antimicrobial agents are commonly included in contact lens disinfectant solutions including chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) or myristamidopropyl dimethylamine (MAPD); however, their mode of action, i.e. necrosis versus apoptosis is incompletely understood. Here, we determined whether a mechanism of cell death resembling that of apoptosis was present in Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype (NEFF) following exposure to the aforementioned antimicrobials using the anticoagulant annexin V that undergoes rapid high affinity binding to phosphatidylserine in the presence of calcium, making it a sensitive probe for phosphatidylserine exposure. The results revealed that under the conditions employed in this study, an apoptotic pathway of cell death in this organism at the tested conditions does not occur. Our findings suggest that necrosis is the likely mode of action; however, future mechanistic studies should be accomplished in additional experimental conditions to further comprehend the molecular mechanisms of cell death in Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Thomas
- Microbiology Research, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Bader S Alawfi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Lloyd
- Microbiology Research, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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10
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Ramesh S, Roy U, Roy S. The elucidation of the multimodal action of the investigational anti- Candida lipopeptide (AF 4) lead from Bacillus subtilis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1248444. [PMID: 38131013 PMCID: PMC10736182 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1248444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida species are the main etiological agents for candidiasis, and Candida albicans are the most common infectious species. Candida species' growing resistance to conventional therapies necessitates more research into novel antifungal agents. Antifungal peptides isolated from microorganisms have potential applications as novel therapeutics. AF4 a Bacillus-derived lipopeptide demonstrating broad-spectrum antifungal activity has been investigated for its ability to cause cell death in Candida species via membrane damage and oxidative stress. Methods: Using biophysical techniques, the secondary structure of the AF4 lipopeptide was identified. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy with fluorescent dyes were performed to visualise the effect of the lipopeptide. The membrane disruption and permeabilization were assessed using the 1,6-diphenyl hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence assay and flow cytometric (FC) assessment of propidium iodide (PI) uptake, respectively. The reactive oxygen species levels were estimated using the FC assessment. The induction of apoptosis and DNA damage were studied using Annexin V-FITC/PI and DAPI. Results: Bacillus-derived antifungal variant AF4 was found to have structural features typical of lipopeptides. Microscopy imaging revealed that AF4 damages the surface of treated cells and results in membrane permeabilization, facilitating the uptake of the fluorescent dyes. A loss of membrane integrity was observed in cells treated with AF4 due to a decrease in DPH fluorescence and a dose-dependent increase in PI uptake. Cell damage was also determined from the log reduction of viable cells treated with AF4. AF4 treatment also caused elevated ROS levels, induced phosphatidylserine externalisation, late-stage apoptosis, and alterations to nuclear morphology revealed by DAPI fluorescence. Conclusion: Collectively, the mode of action studies revealed that AF4 acts primarily on the cell membrane of C. albicans and has the potential to act as an antifungal drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Subhashis Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
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11
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Odoh CK, Xue H, Zhao ZK. Exogenous glucosylglycerol and proline extend the chronological lifespan of Rhodosporidium toruloides. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:807-819. [PMID: 36786919 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylglycerol (GG) is an osmolyte found in a few bacteria (e.g., cyanobacteria) and plants grown in harsh environments. GG protects microbes and plants from salinity and desiccation stress. In the industry, GG is synthesized from a combination of ADP-glucose and glycerol-3-phosphate in a condensation reaction catalyzed by glucosylglycerol phosphate synthase. Proline, on the other hand, is an amino acid-based osmolyte that plays a key role in cellular reprograming. It functions as a protectant and a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Studies on lifespan extension have focused on the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rhodosporidium toruloides, also known as Rhodotorula toruloides, is a basidiomycetous oleaginous yeast known to accumulate lipids to more than 70% of its dry cell weight. The oleaginous red yeast (R. toruloides) has not been intensely studied in the lifespan domain. We designed this work to investigate how GG and proline promote the longevity of this red yeast strain. The results obtained in our study confirmed that these molecules increased R. toruloides' viability, survival percentage, and lifespan upon supplementation. GG exerts the most promising effects at a relatively high concentration (100 mM), while proline functions best at a low level (2 mM). Elucidation of the processes underlying these favorable responses revealed that GG promotes the yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) through increased catalase activity, modulation of the culture medium pH, a rise in ATP, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (mitohormesis). It is critical to understand the mechanisms of these geroprotector molecules, particularly GG, and the proclivity of its lifespan application; this will aid in offering clarity on its potential application in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuks Kenneth Odoh
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Haizhao Xue
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
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12
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Ivessa AS, Singh S. The increase in cell death rates in caloric restricted cells of the yeast helicase mutant rrm3 is Sir complex dependent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17832. [PMID: 37857740 PMCID: PMC10587150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), which is a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, usually extends lifespan and improves tissue integrity. This report focuses on the relationship between nuclear genomic instability and dietary-restriction and its effect on cell survival. We demonstrate that the cell survival rates of the genomic instability yeast mutant rrm3 change under metabolic restricted conditions. Rrm3 is a DNA helicase, chromosomal replication slows (and potentially stalls) in its absence with increased rates at over 1400 natural pause sites including sites within ribosomal DNA and tRNA genes. Whereas rrm3 mutant cells have lower cell death rates compared to wild type (WT) in growth medium containing normal glucose levels (i.e., 2%), under CR growth conditions cell death rates increase in the rrm3 mutant to levels, which are higher than WT. The silent-information-regulatory (Sir) protein complex and mitochondrial oxidative stress are required for the increase in cell death rates in the rrm3 mutant when cells are transferred from growth medium containing 2% glucose to CR-medium. The Rad53 checkpoint protein is highly phosphorylated in the rrm3 mutant in response to genomic instability in growth medium containing 2% glucose. Under CR, Rad53 phosphorylation is largely reduced in the rrm3 mutant in a Sir-complex dependent manner. Since CR is an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy, which may target genomic instability in cancer cells, our studies may gain further insight into how these therapy strategies can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Ivessa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA
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13
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Kaushal V, Klim J, Skoneczna A, Kurlandzka A, Enkhbaatar T, Kaczanowski S, Zielenkiewicz U. Apoptotic Factors Are Evolutionarily Conserved Since Mitochondrial Domestication. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad154. [PMID: 37616576 PMCID: PMC10565124 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms initiating apoptotic programmed cell death in diverse eukaryotes are very similar. Basically, the mitochondrial permeability transition activates apoptotic proteases, DNases, and flavoproteins such as apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs). According to the hypothesis of the endosymbiotic origin of apoptosis, these mechanisms evolved during mitochondrial domestication. Various phylogenetic analyses, including ours, have suggested that apoptotic factors were eubacterial protomitochondrial toxins used for killing protoeukaryotic hosts. Here, we tested whether the function of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae apoptotic proteases (metacaspases Mca1 and Nma111), DNase Nuc1, and flavoprotein Ndi1 can be substituted with orthologs from remotely related eukaryotes such as plants, protists, and eubacteria. We found that orthologs of remotely related eukaryotic and even eubacterial proteins can initiate apoptosis in yeast when triggered by chemical stresses. This observation suggests that apoptotic mechanisms have been maintained since mitochondrial domestication, which occurred approximately 1,800 Mya. Additionally, it supports the hypothesis that some of these apoptotic factors could be modified eubacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kaushal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Klim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Kurlandzka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Szymon Kaczanowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Urszula Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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14
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Saha N, Swagatika S, Tomar RS. Investigation of the acetic acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutated H3 residues. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:217-232. [PMID: 37746586 PMCID: PMC10513452 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.10.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of acetic acid reduce the activity of yeast strains employed for industrial fermentation-based applications. Therefore, unraveling the genetic factors underlying the regulation of the tolerance and sensitivity of yeast towards acetic acid is imperative for optimising various industrial processes. In this communication, we have attempted to decipher the acetic acid stress response of the previously reported acetic acid-sensitive histone mutants. Revalidation using spot-test assays and growth curves revealed that five of these mutants, viz., H3K18Q, H3S28A, H3K42Q, H3Q68A, and H3F104A, are most sensitive towards the tested acetic acid concentrations. These mutants demonstrated enhanced acetic acid stress response as evidenced by the increased expression levels of AIF1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, chromatin fragmentation, and aggregated actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, the mutants exhibited active cell wall damage response upon acetic acid treatment, as demonstrated by increased Slt2-phosphorylation and expression of cell wall integrity genes. Interestingly, the mutants demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress-causing agents. Finally, screening of histone H3 N-terminal tail truncation mutants revealed that the tail truncations exhibit general sensitivity to acetic acid stress. Some of these N-terminal tail truncation mutants viz., H3 [del 1-24], H3 [del 1-28], H3 [del 9-24], and H3 [del 25-36] are also sensitive to cell wall stress agents such as Congo red and caffeine suggesting that their enhanced acetic acid sensitivity may be due to cell wall stress induced by acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Saha
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Swagatika
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Davis J, Meyer T, Smolnig M, Smethurst DG, Neuhaus L, Heyden J, Broeskamp F, Edrich ES, Knittelfelder O, Kolb D, Haar TVD, Gourlay CW, Rockenfeller P. A dynamic actin cytoskeleton is required to prevent constitutive VDAC-dependent MAPK signalling and aberrant lipid homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:107539. [PMID: 37636069 PMCID: PMC10450525 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton is required to coordinate many cellular processes, and a loss of its plasticity has been linked to accelerated cell aging and attenuation of adaptive response mechanisms. Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that controls actin dynamics and has been linked to mitochondrial signaling pathways that control drug resistance and cell death. Here we show that cofilin-driven chronic depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton activates cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and disrupts lipid homeostasis in a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)-dependent manner. Expression of the cof1-5 mutation, which reduces the dynamic nature of actin, triggers loss of cell wall integrity, vacuole fragmentation, disruption of lipid homeostasis, lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, and the promotion of cell death. The integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is therefore essential to maintain the fidelity of MAPK signaling, lipid homeostasis, and cell health in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Davis
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Thorsten Meyer
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Martin Smolnig
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Neuhaus
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jonas Heyden
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | | | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Medical University of Graz, Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias von der Haar
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Campbell W. Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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16
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Gastelum S, Michael AF, Bolger TA. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a research tool for RNA-mediated human disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1814. [PMID: 37671427 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used for decades as a powerful genetic tool to study a broad spectrum of biological topics. With its ease of use, economic utility, well-studied genome, and a highly conserved proteome across eukaryotes, it has become one of the most used model organisms. Due to these advantages, it has been used to study an array of complex human diseases. From broad, complex pathological conditions such as aging and neurodegenerative disease to newer uses such as SARS-CoV-2, yeast continues to offer new insights into how cellular processes are affected by disease and how affected pathways might be targeted in therapeutic settings. At the same time, the roles of RNA and RNA-based processes have become increasingly prominent in the pathology of many of these same human diseases, and yeast has been utilized to investigate these mechanisms, from aberrant RNA-binding proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to translation regulation in cancer. Here we review some of the important insights that yeast models have yielded into the molecular pathology of complex, RNA-based human diseases. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gastelum
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Allison F Michael
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Timothy A Bolger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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17
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Schulze A, Zimmermann A, Kainz K, Egger NB, Bauer MA, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Assessing chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:87-108. [PMID: 38302246 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronological age represents the time that passes between birth and a given date. To understand the complex network of factors contributing to chronological lifespan, a variety of model organisms have been implemented. One of the best studied organisms is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has greatly contributed toward identifying conserved biological mechanisms that act on longevity. Here, we discuss high- und low-throughput protocols to monitor and characterize chronological lifespan and chronological aging-associated cell death in S. cerevisiae. Included are propidium iodide staining with the possibility to quantitatively assess aging-associated cell death via flow cytometry or qualitative assessments via microscopy, cell viability assessment through plating and cell counting and cell death characterization via propidium iodide/AnnexinV staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis or microscopy. Importantly, all of these methods combined give a clear picture of the chronological lifespan under different conditions or genetic backgrounds and represent a starting point for pharmacological or genetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Schulze
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine B Egger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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18
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Lam DK, Sherlock G. Yca1 metacaspase: diverse functions determine how yeast live and let die. FEMS Yeast Res 2023; 23:foad022. [PMID: 37002543 PMCID: PMC10094001 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yca1 metacaspase was discovered due to its role in the regulation of apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanisms that drive apoptosis in yeast remain poorly understood. Additionally, Yca1 and other metacaspase proteins have recently been recognized for their involvement in other cellular processes, including cellular proteostasis and cell cycle regulation. In this minireview, we outline recent findings on Yca1 that will enable the further study of metacaspase multifunctionality and novel apoptosis pathways in yeast and other nonmetazoans. In addition, we discuss advancements in high-throughput screening technologies that can be applied to answer complex questions surrounding the apoptotic and nonapoptotic functions of metacaspase proteins across a diverse range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren K Lam
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, United States
| | - Gavin Sherlock
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, United States
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19
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Oda AH, Tamura M, Kaneko K, Ohta K, Hatakeyama TS. Autotoxin-mediated latecomer killing in yeast communities. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001844. [PMID: 36342925 PMCID: PMC9639812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to stressful environments such as starvation is essential to the survival of microbial communities, but the uniform response of the cell community may lead to entire cell death or severe damage to their fitness. Here, we demonstrate an elaborate response of the yeast community against glucose depletion, in which the first adapted cells kill the latecomer cells. During glucose depletion, yeast cells release autotoxins, such as leucic acid and L-2keto-3methylvalerate, which can even kill the clonal cells of the ones producing them. Although these autotoxins were likely to induce mass suicide, some cells differentiated to adapt to the autotoxins without genetic changes. If nondifferentiated latecomers tried to invade the habitat, autotoxins damaged or killed the latecomers, but the differentiated cells could selectively survive. Phylogenetically distant fission and budding yeast shared this behavior using the same autotoxins, suggesting that latecomer killing may be the universal system of intercellular communication, which may be relevant to the evolutional transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa H. Oda
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (AHO); (TSH)
| | - Miki Tamura
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Kaneko
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Conchou L, Doumèche B, Galisson F, Violot S, Dugelay C, Diesis E, Page A, Bienvenu AL, Picot S, Aghajari N, Ballut L. Structural and molecular determinants of Candida glabrata metacaspase maturation and activation by calcium. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1158. [PMID: 36316540 PMCID: PMC9622860 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacaspases are caspase-like homologs which undergo a complex maturation process involving multiple intra-chain cleavages resulting in a composite enzyme made of a p10 and a p20 domain. Their proteolytic activity involving a cysteine-histidine catalytic dyad, show peptide bond cleavage specificity in the C-terminal to lysine and arginine, with both maturation- and catalytic processes being calcium-dependent. Here, we present the structure of a metacaspase from the yeast Candida glabrata, CgMCA-I, in complex with a unique calcium along with a structure in which three magnesium ions are bound. We show that the Ca2+ ion interacts with a loop in the vicinity of the catalytic site. The reorganization of this cation binding loop, by bringing together the two catalytic residues, could be one of the main structural determinants triggering metacaspase activation. Enzymatic exploration of CgMCA-I confirmed that the maturation process implies a trans mechanism with sequential cleavages. Structural and functional analyses of yeast metacaspase reveal unique Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding sites and provide insights into Ca2+-dependent maturation of metacaspases along with the inhibitory effects of Mg2+ and Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Conchou
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Doumèche
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaire, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Galisson
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Violot
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Dugelay
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Diesis
- grid.15140.310000 0001 2175 9188University of Lyon, INSERM, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Protein Science Facility, SFR BioSciences, UAR3444/US8, F-69366 Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Page
- grid.15140.310000 0001 2175 9188University of Lyon, INSERM, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Protein Science Facility, SFR BioSciences, UAR3444/US8, F-69366 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaire, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, F-69622 Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Service Pharmacie, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Picot
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaire, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, F-69622 Lyon, France ,grid.413306.30000 0004 4685 6736Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Nushin Aghajari
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Ballut
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, F-69367 Lyon, France
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21
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Pal A, Paripati A, Deolal P, Chatterjee A, Prasad PR, Adla P, Sepuri NBV. Eisosome protein Pil1 regulates mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, and cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102533. [PMID: 36162502 PMCID: PMC9619184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics maintain mitochondrial integrity by regulating its size, shape, distribution, and connectivity, thereby modulating various cellular processes. Several studies have established a functional link between mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and cell death, but further investigation is needed to identify specific proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Any alteration in the integrity of mitochondria has severe ramifications that include disorders like cancer and neurodegeneration. In this study, we used budding yeast as a model organism and found that Pil1, the major component of the eisosome complex, also localizes to the periphery of mitochondria. Interestingly, the absence of Pil1 causes the branched tubular morphology of mitochondria to be abnormally fused or aggregated, whereas its overexpression leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. Most importantly, pil1Δ cells are defective in mitophagy and bulk autophagy, resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and protein aggregates. In addition, we show that pil1Δ cells are more prone to cell death. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitations show the interaction of Pil1 with two major proteins in mitochondrial fission, Fis1 and Dnm1. Additionally, our data suggest that the role of Pil1 in maintaining mitochondrial shape is dependent on Fis1 and Dnm1, but it functions independently in mitophagy and cell death pathways. Together, our data suggest that Pil1, an eisosome protein, is a novel regulator of mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Arunkumar Paripati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Pallavi Deolal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Arpan Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Pushpa Rani Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Priyanka Adla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046.
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22
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Bairwa NK, Shoket H, Pandita M, Sharma M. A Simple Assay for the Detection of Late-Stage Apoptosis Features in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e525. [PMID: 36069669 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as yeast and protozoa serve as useful models for studying the impact of chemicals on cell physiology, cellular growth, and genome duplication. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used to assess apoptosis induced by chemicals due to its genetic tractability, ease of evaluation, and readily available impact assessment tools. Apoptosis in S. cerevisiae is characterized by many features, including increased cell death, loss of membrane integrity, release of caspases, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation, which are similar to the ones observed in mammalian cells. Current methods of apoptosis assessment typically require specialized equipment and reagents, which limits wide adoption. Here, we describe a rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay in yeast for the analysis of late-stage apoptotic features in cells treated with a chemical. We describe a protocol for assessing loss of cell survival and changes in the nucleus. We demonstrate the approach by using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide as test chemicals. This assay for the study of late-stage apoptotic features in S. cerevisiae can be performed reliably and rapidly by any laboratory with basic equipment and may be extended for studying apoptosis in similar single-cell organisms after treatment with toxicological agents. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, treatment with acetic acid or hydrogen peroxide, and semi-quantitative growth assay Basic Protocol 2: DAPI staining and fluorescence microscopy for the assessment of change in nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and nuclear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra K Bairwa
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Heena Shoket
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Monika Pandita
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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23
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Gebreegziabher Amare M, Westrick NM, Keller NP, Kabbage M. The conservation of IAP-like proteins in fungi, and their potential role in fungal programmed cell death. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 162:103730. [PMID: 35998750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a tightly regulated process which is required for survival and proper development of all cellular life. Despite this ubiquity, the precise molecular underpinnings of PCD have been primarily characterized in animals. Attempts to expand our understanding of this process in fungi have proven difficult as core regulators of animal PCD are apparently absent in fungal genomes, with the notable exception of a class of proteins referred to as inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). These proteins are characterized by the conservation of a distinct Baculovirus IAP Repeat (BIR) domain and animal IAPs are known to regulate a number of processes, including cellular death, development, organogenesis, immune system maturation, host-pathogen interactions and more. IAP homologs are broadly conserved throughout the fungal kingdom, but our understanding of both their mechanism and role in fungal development/virulence is still unclear. In this review, we provide a broad and comparative overview of IAP function across taxa, with a particular focus on fungal processes regulated by IAPs. Furthermore, their putative modes of action in the absence of canonical interactors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel M Westrick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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24
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A new bioinspired peptide on defensin from C. annuum fruits: Antimicrobial activity, mechanisms of action and therapeutical potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130218. [PMID: 35905923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides, natural or synthetic, appear as promising molecules for antimicrobial therapy because of their both broad antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action. Herein, we determine the anti-Candida and antimycobacterial activities, mechanism of action on yeasts, and cytotoxicity on mammalian cells in the presence of the bioinspired peptide CaDef2.1G27-K44. METHODS CaDef2.1G27-K44 was designed to attain the following criteria: high positive net charge; low molecular weight (<3000 Da); Boman index ≤2.5; and total hydrophobic ratio ≥ 40%. The mechanism of action was studied by growth inhibition, plasma membrane permeabilization, ROS induction, mitochondrial functionality, and metacaspase activity assays. The cytotoxicity on macrophages, monocytes, and erythrocytes were also determined. RESULTS CaDef2.1G27-K44 showed inhibitory activity against Candida spp. with MIC100 values ranging from 25 to 50 μM and the standard and clinical isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC50 of 33.2 and 55.4 μM, respectively. We demonstrate that CaDef2.1G27-K44 is active against yeasts at different salt concentrations, induced morphological alterations, caused membrane permeabilization, increased ROS, causes loss of mitochondrial functionality, and activation of metacaspases. CaDef2.1G27-K44 has low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained showed that CaDef2.1G27-K44 has great antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. and M. tuberculosis with low toxicity to host cells. For Candida spp., the treatment with CaDef2.1G27-K44 induces a process of regulated cell death with apoptosis-like features. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We show a new AMP bioinspired with physicochemical characteristics important for selectivity and antimicrobial activity, which is a promising candidate for drug development, mainly to control Candida infections.
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25
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Mirisola MG, Longo VD. Yeast Chronological Lifespan: Longevity Regulatory Genes and Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101714. [PMID: 35626750 PMCID: PMC9139625 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
S. cerevisiae plays a pivotal role as a model system in understanding the biochemistry and molecular biology of mammals including humans. A considerable portion of our knowledge on the genes and pathways involved in cellular growth, resistance to toxic agents, and death has in fact been generated using this model organism. The yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) is a paradigm to study age-dependent damage and longevity. In combination with powerful genetic screening and high throughput technologies, the CLS has allowed the identification of longevity genes and pathways but has also introduced a unicellular “test tube” model system to identify and study macromolecular and cellular damage leading to diseases. In addition, it has played an important role in studying the nutrients and dietary regimens capable of affecting stress resistance and longevity and allowing the characterization of aging regulatory networks. The parallel description of the pro-aging roles of homologs of RAS, S6 kinase, adenylate cyclase, and Tor in yeast and in higher eukaryotes in S. cerevisiae chronological survival studies is valuable to understand human aging and disease. Here we review work on the S. cerevisiae chronological lifespan with a focus on the genes regulating age-dependent macromolecular damage and longevity extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G. Mirisola
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valter D. Longo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (V.D.L.)
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26
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Ring J, Tadic J, Ristic S, Poglitsch M, Bergmann M, Radic N, Mossmann D, Liang Y, Maglione M, Jerkovic A, Hajiraissi R, Hanke M, Küttner V, Wolinski H, Zimmermann A, Domuz Trifunović L, Mikolasch L, Moretti DN, Broeskamp F, Westermayer J, Abraham C, Schauer S, Dammbrueck C, Hofer SJ, Abdellatif M, Grundmeier G, Kroemer G, Braun RJ, Hansen N, Sommer C, Ninkovic M, Seba S, Rockenfeller P, Vögtle F, Dengjel J, Meisinger C, Keller A, Sigrist SJ, Eisenberg T, Madeo F. The HSP40 chaperone Ydj1 drives amyloid beta 42 toxicity. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e13952. [PMID: 35373908 PMCID: PMC9081910 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) is the principal trigger of neurodegeneration during Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the etiology of its noxious cellular effects remains elusive. In a combinatory genetic and proteomic approach using a yeast model to study aspects of intracellular Abeta42 toxicity, we here identify the HSP40 family member Ydj1, the yeast orthologue of human DnaJA1, as a crucial factor in Abeta42-mediated cell death. We demonstrate that Ydj1/DnaJA1 physically interacts with Abeta42 (in yeast and mouse), stabilizes Abeta42 oligomers, and mediates their translocation to mitochondria. Consequently, deletion of YDJ1 strongly reduces co-purification of Abeta42 with mitochondria and prevents Abeta42-induced mitochondria-dependent cell death. Consistently, purified DnaJ chaperone delays Abeta42 fibrillization in vitro, and heterologous expression of human DnaJA1 induces formation of Abeta42 oligomers and their deleterious translocation to mitochondria in vivo. Finally, downregulation of the Ydj1 fly homologue, Droj2, improves stress resistance, mitochondrial morphology, and memory performance in a Drosophila melanogaster AD model. These data reveal an unexpected and detrimental role for specific HSP40s in promoting hallmarks of Abeta42 toxicity.
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27
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Zhang D, Shi C, Cong Z, Chen Q, Bi Y, Zhang J, Ma K, Liu S, Gu J, Chen M, Lu Z, Zhang H, Xie J, Xiao X, Liu L, Jiang W, Shao N, Chen S, Zhou M, Shao X, Dai Y, Li M, Zhang L, Liu R. Microbial Metabolite Inspired β-Peptide Polymers Displaying Potent and Selective Antifungal Activity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104871. [PMID: 35307990 PMCID: PMC9108603 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potent and selective antifungal agents are urgently needed due to the quick increase of serious invasive fungal infections and the limited antifungal drugs available. Microbial metabolites have been a rich source of antimicrobial agents and have inspired the authors to design and obtain potent and selective antifungal agents, poly(DL-diaminopropionic acid) (PDAP) from the ring-opening polymerization of β-amino acid N-thiocarboxyanhydrides, by mimicking ε-poly-lysine. PDAP kills fungal cells by penetrating the fungal cytoplasm, generating reactive oxygen, and inducing fungal apoptosis. The optimal PDAP displays potent antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration as low as 0.4 µg mL-1 against Candida albicans, negligible hemolysis and cytotoxicity, and no susceptibility to antifungal resistance. In addition, PDAP effectively inhibits the formation of fungal biofilms and eradicates the mature biofilms. In vivo studies show that PDAP is safe and effective in treating fungal keratitis, which suggests PDAPs as promising new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Kaiqian Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Jiawei Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Minzhang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Jiayang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Weinan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation HospitalShanghai200023China
| | - Yidong Dai
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation HospitalShanghai200023China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular SurgeryShanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
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28
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Qing D, Deng G, Pan Y, Gao L, Liang H, Zhou W, Chen W, Li J, Huang J, Gao J, Lu C, Wu H, Liu K, Dai G. ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of japonica rice seedling during cold stress. BREEDING SCIENCE 2022; 72:150-168. [PMID: 36275934 PMCID: PMC9522529 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the important environmental factors that affect rice growth and yield. To better understand the japonica rice responses to cold stress, isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling-based quantitative proteomics approach was used to detected changes in protein levels. Two-week-old seedlings of the cold tolerant rice variety Kongyu131 were treated at 8°C for 24, 48 and 72 h, then the total proteins were extracted from tissues and used for quantitative proteomics analysis. A total of 5082 proteins were detected for quantitative analysis, of which 289 proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 169 uniquely up-regulated proteins and 125 uniquely down-regulated proteins in cold stress groups relative to the control group. Functional analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins are involved in photosynthesis, metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbon metabolism. Western blot analysis showed that protein regulation was consistent with the iTRAQ data. The corresponding genes of 25 regulated proteins were used for quantitative real time PCR analysis, and the results showed that the mRNA level was not always parallel to the corresponding protein level. The importance of our study is that it provides new insights into cold stress responses in rice with respect to proteomics and provides candidate genes for cold-tolerance rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Qing
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Haifu Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyong Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Chunju Lu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Gaoxing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
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29
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Galvin J, Curran E, Arteaga F, Goossens A, Aubuchon-Endsley N, McMurray MA, Moore J, Hansen KC, Chial HJ, Potter H, Brodsky JL, Coughlan CM. Proteasome activity modulates amyloid toxicity. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:foac004. [PMID: 35150241 PMCID: PMC8906389 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is responsible for 60%-80% of identified cases of dementia. While the generation and accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) fragments is accepted as a key step in AD pathogenesis, the precise role of these fragments remains poorly understood. To overcome this deficit, we induced the expression of the soluble C-terminal fragment of APP (C99), the rate-limiting peptide for the generation of amyloid fragments, in yeast that contain thermosensitive mutations in genes encoding proteasome subunits. Our previous work with this system demonstrated that these proteasome-deficient yeast cells, expressing C99 when proteasome activity was blunted, generated amyloid fragments similar to those observed in AD patients. We now report the phenotypic repercussions of inducing C99 expression in proteasome-deficient cells. We show increased levels of protein aggregates, cellular stress and chaperone expression, electron-dense accumulations in the nuclear envelope/ER, abnormal DNA condensation, and an induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that the generation of C99 and its associated fragments in yeast cells with compromised proteasomal activity results in phenotypes that may be relevant to the neuropathological processes observed in AD patients. These data also suggest that this yeast model should be useful for testing therapeutics that target AD-associated amyloid, since it allows for the assessment of the reversal of the perturbed cellular physiology observed when degradation pathways are dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Galvin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Elizabeth Curran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Francisco Arteaga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Alicia Goossens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Nicki Aubuchon-Endsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Jeffrey Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Heidi J Chial
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center (CUACC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, United States
| | - Huntington Potter
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center (CUACC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Christina M Coughlan
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center (CUACC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, United States
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30
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Whole and Purified Aqueous Extracts of Nigella sativa L. Seeds Attenuate Apoptosis and the Overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Triggered by p53 Over-Expression in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050869. [PMID: 35269491 PMCID: PMC8909299 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are an important source of pharmacologically active compounds. In the present work, we characterize the impact of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) aqueous extracts on a yeast model of p53-dependent apoptosis. To this end, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant strain over-expressing p53 was used. The over-expression of p53 triggers the expression of apoptotic markers: the externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial defect associated with cytochrome-c release and the induction of DNA strand breaks. These different effects were attenuated by Nigella sativa L. aqueous extracts, whereas these extracts have no effect on the level of p53 expression. Thus, we focus on the anti-apoptotic molecules present in the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa L. These extracts were purified and characterized by complementary chromatographic methods. Specific fluorescent probes were used to determine the effect of the extracts on yeast apoptosis. Yeast cells over-expressing p53 decrease in relative size and have lower mitochondrial content. The decrease in cell size was proportional to the decrease in mitochondrial content and of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These effects were prevented by the purified aqueous fraction obtained by fractionation with different columns, named C4 fraction. Yeast cell death was also characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. In the presence of the C4 fraction, ROS overproduction was strongly reduced. We also noted that the C4 fraction promotes the cell growth of control yeast cells, which do not express p53, supporting the fact that this purified extract acts on cellular mediators activating cell proliferation independently of p53. Altogether, our data obtained on yeast cells over-expressing p53 demonstrate that anti-apoptotic molecules targeting p53-induced apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS overproduction are present in the aqueous extracts of Nigella seeds and in the purified aqueous C4 fraction.
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31
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Rico-Ramírez AM, Pedro Gonçalves A, Louise Glass N. Fungal Cell Death: The Beginning of the End. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 159:103671. [PMID: 35150840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Death is an important part of an organism's existence and also marks the end of life. On a cellular level, death involves the execution of complex processes, which can be classified into different types depending on their characteristics. Despite their "simple" lifestyle, fungi carry out highly specialized and sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the way their cells die, and the pathways underlying these mechanisms are comparable with those of plants and metazoans. This review focuses on regulated cell death in fungi and discusses the evidence for the occurrence of apoptotic-like, necroptosis-like, pyroptosis-like death, and the role of the NLR proteins in fungal cell death. We also describe recent data on meiotic drive elements involved in "spore killing" and the molecular basis of allorecognition-related cell death during cell fusion of genetically dissimilar cells. Finally, we discuss how fungal regulated cell death can be relevant in developing strategies to avoid resistance and tolerance to antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Rico-Ramírez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - A Pedro Gonçalves
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - N Louise Glass
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.
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32
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Ding Y, Zhang K, Yin Y, Wu J. D319 induced antifungal effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibited isocitrate lyase in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130050. [PMID: 34800580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause superficial and life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. However, the available clinically antifungals are limited. Therefore, the development of effective antifungal agents and therapies is urgently needed. Quinoline type of compounds were reported to possess potent anti-fungal effect. A series of quinoline derivatives were synthesized. Moreover their inhibitory activities and mechanisms on C. albicans were evaluated in this study. METHODS The structure of D319 was identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal activity of D319 on C. albicans was evaluated using conventional methods, including the inhibition zone diameters with filter paper, Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method in vitro, and in a murine model in vivo. Flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, western blot, knockout mutant and revertant strain techniques, and molecular modeling were applied to explore the mechanism of action of D319 in anti-Candida. RESULTS D319 exhibited potent anti-Candida activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of 2.5 μg/mL in vitro. D319 significantly improved survival rate and reduced fungal burden compared to vehicle control in a murine model in vivo. The treatment of C. albicans with D319 resulted in fungal apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. albicans. Furthermore, D319 inhibited the glyoxylate enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL) of C. albicans, which was also confirmed by docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS Quinoline compound D319 exhibited strong anti-Candida activities in vitro and in vivo models through inhibiting ICL activity and ROS accumulation in C. albicans. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that compound D319 as a novel isocitrate lyase inhibitor, would be a promising anti-Candida lead compound, which provided a potential application of this type of compounds in fighting clinical fungal infections. Furthermore, this study also supported ICL as a potential target for anti-Candida drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
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Oxidative stress alleviating potential of galactan exopolysaccharide from Weissella confusa KR780676 in yeast model system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1089. [PMID: 35058551 PMCID: PMC8776969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, galactan exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella confusa KR780676 was evaluated for its potential to alleviate oxidative stress using in vitro assays and in vivo studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild type) and its antioxidant (sod1∆, sod2∆, tsa1∆, cta2∆ and ctt1∆), anti-apoptotic (pep4∆ and fis1∆) and anti-aging (sod2∆, tsa1∆ and ctt1∆)) isogenic gene deletion mutants. Galactan exhibited strong DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 450 and 138 µg/mL respectively. In the yeast mutant model, oxidative stress generated by H2O2 was extensively scavenged by galactan in the medium as confirmed using spot assays followed by fluorescencent DCF-DA staining and microscopic studies. Galactan treatment resulted in reduction in the ROS generated in the yeast mutant cells as demonstrated by decreased fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, galactan exhibited protection against oxidative damage through H2O2 -induced apoptosis inhibition in the yeast mutant strains (pep4∆ and fis1∆) leading to increased survival rate by neutralizing the oxidative stress. In the chronological life span assay, WT cells treated with galactan EPS showed 8% increase in viability whereas sod2∆ mutant showed 10–15% increase indicating pronounced anti-aging effects. Galactan from W. confusa KR780676 has immense potential to be used as a natural antioxidant for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and food technological applications. As per our knowledge, this is the first report on in-depth assessment of in vivo antioxidant properties of a bacterial EPS in a yeast deletion model system.
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Ahamad I, Bano F, Anwer R, Srivastava P, Kumar R, Fatma T. Antibiofilm Activities of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:741493. [PMID: 35069463 PMCID: PMC8782275 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial colonies that are encased in an organic polymeric matrix and are resistant to antimicrobial treatments. Biofilms can adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, allowing them to colonize medical equipment such as urinary and intravenous catheters, mechanical heart valves, endotracheal tubes, and prosthetic joints. Candida albicans biofilm is the major etiological cause of the pathogenesis of candidiasis in which its unobstructed growth occurs in the oral cavity; trachea, and catheters that progress to systemic infections in the worst scenarios. There is an urgent need to discover novel biofilm preventive and curative agents. In the present investigation, an effort is made to observe the role of cyanobacteria-derived AgNPs as a new antibiofilm agent with special reference to candidiasis. AgNPs synthesized through the green route using Anabaena variabilis cell extract were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 11-15 nm size and were monodispersed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs was obtained at 12.5 μg/mL against C. albicans. AgNPs 25 μg/mL showed 79% fungal cell membrane permeability and 22.2% ROS production. AgNPs (25 μg/mL) also facilitated 62.5% of biofilm inhibition and degradation. Therefore, AgNPs could be considered as a promising antifungal agent to control biofilm produced by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahamad
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fareha Bano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Taibah University (Female Branch), AlUla, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razique Anwer
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Extracellular pH and high concentration of potassium regulate the primary necrosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Han G, Lee DG. Indole propionic acid induced Ca 2+ -dependent apoptosis in Candida albicans. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:235-244. [PMID: 34779568 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Indole propionic acid (IPA) which majorly influences the modulation of cellular respiration is a metabolite generated by gut microbiota. The antimicrobial effects of IPA have not been previously demonstrated. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the antimicrobial activity of IPA. Initially, antifungal activity of IPA against Candida albicans was observed, accompanied by variations in mitochondrial respiration indicating modulation of NAD+ /NADH ratios. Consumption of O2 contributes to the respiratory regulation and triggered by Ca2+ overloading. After treatment with IPA, the cells were monitored, and Ca2+ increases leading to membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in mitochondria were noted. Depolarization of mitochondria membrane induced release of proapoptotic proteins in mitochondria. Oxidative stress exerted by ROS contributed to glutathione depletion and oxidation of glutathione (GSH). Fragmentation of DNA is a characteristic event leading to apoptosis and accompanies major hallmarks of apoptosis including phosphatidylserine exposure and metacaspase activation. In addition, phosphatidylserine exposure and metacaspase activation were detected in the cell treated with IPA. In conclusion, IPA triggered apoptosis in C. albicans under the influence of Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyeol Han
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Extending the Proteomic Characterization of Candida albicans Exposed to Stress and Apoptotic Inducers through Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry. mSystems 2021; 6:e0094621. [PMID: 34609160 PMCID: PMC8547427 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00946-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that causes systemic infections in immunosuppressed patients. In order to deal with the changing environment during commensalism or infection, C. albicans must reprogram its proteome. Characterizing the stress-induced changes in the proteome that C. albicans uses to survive should be very useful in the development of new antifungal drugs. We studied the C. albicans global proteome after exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acetic acid (AA), using a data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) strategy. More than 2,000 C. albicans proteins were quantified using an ion library previously constructed using data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry (DDA-MS). C. albicans responded to treatment with H2O2 with an increase in the abundance of many proteins involved in the oxidative stress response, protein folding, and proteasome-dependent catabolism, which led to increased proteasome activity. The data revealed a previously unknown key role for Prn1, a protein similar to pirins, in the oxidative stress response. Treatment with AA resulted in a general decrease in the abundance of proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis, protein folding, and rRNA processing. Almost all proteasome proteins declined, as did proteasome activity. Apoptosis was observed after treatment with H2O2 but not AA. A targeted proteomic study of 32 proteins related to apoptosis in yeast supported the results obtained by DIA-MS and allowed the creation of an efficient method to quantify relevant proteins after treatment with stressors (H2O2, AA, and amphotericin B). This approach also uncovered a main role for Oye32, an oxidoreductase, suggesting this protein as a possible apoptotic marker common to many stressors. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections are a worldwide health problem, especially in immunocompromised patients and patients with chronic disorders. Invasive candidiasis, caused mainly by C. albicans, is among the most common fungal diseases. Despite the existence of treatments to combat candidiasis, the spectrum of drugs available is limited. For the discovery of new drug targets, it is essential to know the pathogen response to different stress conditions. Our study provides a global vision of proteomic remodeling in C. albicans after exposure to different agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and amphotericin B, that can cause apoptotic cell death. These results revealed the significance of many proteins related to oxidative stress response and proteasome activity, among others. Of note, the discovery of Prn1 as a key protein in the defense against oxidative stress as well the increase in the abundance of Oye32 protein when apoptotic process occurred point them out as possible drug targets.
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Zhang X, Xin Y, Chen Z, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase is required for cysteine synthesis and indispensable to mitochondrial health. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102169. [PMID: 34688157 PMCID: PMC8577491 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to common age-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and carcinogenesis. Therefore, maintaining the functionality and integrity of mitochondria is important for human health. Herein, we found that sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (Sqr), which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to reactive sulfur species (RSS), was indispensable to mitochondria health in the eukaryotic model microorganism Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Sqr knock-out led to morphological changes and functional deficiencies of mitochondria and apoptosis in S. pombe. The Sqr knock-out strain displayed the same phenotypes as the cysteine-synthesis-deficient strain, and cysteine addition complemented the effects caused by Sqr knock-out. In S. pombe, Sqr was the main RSS producer in mitochondria, and RSS instead of H2S was used by cysteine synthase to synthesize cysteine. This finding rewrites the cysteine biosynthesis route in S. pombe and may also in other eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and highlights the importance of cysteine and RSS in maintaining mitochondrial health. Sqr is an important RSS producer in mitochondria. RSS is involved in cysteine de novo biosynthesis. It is the de facto substrate of cysteine synthase. Sqr is required for maintaining the health of mitochondria, might be a new target for inhibiting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yuping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4630, USA.
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Grosfeld EV, Bidiuk VA, Mitkevich OV, Ghazy ESMO, Kushnirov VV, Alexandrov AI. A Systematic Survey of Characteristic Features of Yeast Cell Death Triggered by External Factors. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:886. [PMID: 34829175 PMCID: PMC8626022 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death in response to distinct stimuli can manifest different morphological traits. It also depends on various cell death signaling pathways, extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes but less so in microorganisms. The study of cell death in yeast, and specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can potentially be productive for understanding cell death, since numerous killing stimuli have been characterized for this organism. Here, we systematized the literature on external treatments that kill yeast, and which contains at least minimal data on cell death mechanisms. Data from 707 papers from the 7000 obtained using keyword searches were used to create a reference table for filtering types of cell death according to commonly assayed parameters. This table provides a resource for orientation within the literature; however, it also highlights that the common view of similarity between non-necrotic death in yeast and apoptosis in mammals has not provided sufficient progress to create a clear classification of cell death types. Differences in experimental setups also prevent direct comparison between different stimuli. Thus, side-by-side comparisons of various cell death-inducing stimuli under comparable conditions using existing and novel markers that can differentiate between types of cell death seem like a promising direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika V. Grosfeld
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia;
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Victoria A. Bidiuk
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Mitkevich
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Eslam S. M. O. Ghazy
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Vitaliy V. Kushnirov
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Alexandrov
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
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Soberanes-Gutiérrez CV, León-Ramírez C, Sánchez-Segura L, Cordero-Martínez E, Vega-Arreguín JC, Ruiz-Herrera J. Cell death in Ustilago maydis: comparison with other fungi and the effect of metformin and curcumin on its chronological lifespan. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5908381. [PMID: 32945857 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a Basidiomycota fungus, in which very little is known about its mechanisms of cell survival and death. To date, only the role of metacaspase1, acetate and hydrogen peroxide as inducers of cell death has been investigated. In the present work, we analyzed the lifespan of U. maydis compared with other species like Sporisorium reilianum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, and we observed that U. maydis has a minor lifespan. We probe the addition of low concentrations metformin and curcumin to the culture media, and we observed that both prolonged the lifespan of U. maydis, a result observed for the first time in a phytopathogen fungus. However, higher concentrations of curcumin were toxic for the cells, and interestingly induced the yeast-to-mycelium dimorphic transition. The positive effect of metformin and curcumin appears to be related to an inhibition of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, increase expression of autophagy genes and reducing of reactive oxygen species. These data indicate that U. maydis may be a eukaryotic model organism to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying apoptotic and necrosis pathways, and the lifespan increase caused by metformin and curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia V Soberanes-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Agrogenómicas, de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blv. UNAM 2011, Col. Predio el Saucillo y El Potrero, Comunidad de Los Tepetates, 37684, León Gto., México.,Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León 36824 Irapuato Gto., México
| | - Claudia León-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León 36824 Irapuato Gto., México
| | - Lino Sánchez-Segura
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León 36824 Irapuato Gto., México
| | - Emmanuel Cordero-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Agrogenómicas, de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blv. UNAM 2011, Col. Predio el Saucillo y El Potrero, Comunidad de Los Tepetates, 37684, León Gto., México
| | - Julio C Vega-Arreguín
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Agrogenómicas, de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blv. UNAM 2011, Col. Predio el Saucillo y El Potrero, Comunidad de Los Tepetates, 37684, León Gto., México
| | - José Ruiz-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León 36824 Irapuato Gto., México
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Li G, Fu W, Deng Y, Zhao Y. Role of Calcium/Calcineurin Signalling in Regulating Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091311. [PMID: 34573294 PMCID: PMC8466207 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calcineurin signalling pathway is required for cell survival under various environmental stresses. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we explored the mechanism underlying calcium-regulated homeostasis of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that deletion of acyltransferase Akr1 and C-5 sterol desaturase Erg3 increased the intracellular ROS levels and cell death, and this could be inhibited by the addition of calcium. The hexose transporter Hxt1 and the amino acid permease Agp1 play crucial roles in maintaining intracellular ROS levels, and calcium induced the expression of the HXT1 and AGP1 genes. The cytosolic calcium concentration was decreased in both the akr1Δ and erg3Δ mutants relative to wild-type cells, potentially lowering basal expression of HXT1 and AGP1. Moreover, the calcium/calcineurin signalling pathway also induced the expression of AKR1 and ERG3, indicating that Akr1 and Erg3 might perform functions that help yeast cells to survive under high calcium concentrations. Our results provided mechanistic insight into how calcium regulated intracellular ROS levels in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.L.); (Y.D.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenxuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.L.); (Y.D.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Correspondence:
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Zhao Y, Su R, Li S, Mao Y. Mechanistic analysis of cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6346568. [PMID: 34370016 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potentially toxic heavy metal, Cadmium (Cd) can cause endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and thus lead to cell death. To explore the mechanisms of Cd toxicity, we investigated the UPRE-lacZ expression, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in the 151 Cd-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to Cd stress. We identified 101 genes regulating UPRE-lacZ expression were involved in preventing ROS production and/or cell death from increasing to high levels, while mutants for 72 genes caused both elevated ROS production and cell death, indicating the Cd-induced ROS production and cell death are mediated by UPR. Genes involved in cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) and vacuolar transport, calcium/calcineurin pathway and PHO pathways were all required for the Cd-induced UPR, intracellular ROS and cell death. To conclude, this study highlights the importance of Cd-induced UPR, intracellular ROS levels and cell death that may play crucial roles in Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruifang Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yin Mao
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Meza E, Muñoz-Arellano AJ, Johansson M, Chen X, Petranovic D. Development of a method for heat shock stress assessment in yeast based on transcription of specific genes. Yeast 2021; 38:549-565. [PMID: 34182606 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All living cells, including yeast cells, are challenged by different types of stresses in their environments and must cope with challenges such as heat, chemical stress, or oxidative damage. By reversibly adjusting the physiology while maintaining structural and genetic integrity, cells can achieve a competitive advantage and adapt environmental fluctuations. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively used as a model for study of stress responses due to the strong conservation of many essential cellular processes between yeast and human cells. We focused here on developing a tool to detect and quantify early responses using specific transcriptional responses. We analyzed the published transcriptional data on S. cerevisiae DBY strain responses to 10 different stresses in different time points. The principal component analysis (PCA) and the Pearson analysis were used to assess the stress response genes that are highly expressed in each individual stress condition. Except for these stress response genes, we also identified the reference genes in each stress condition, which would not be induced under stress condition and show stable transcriptional expression over time. We then tested our candidates experimentally in the CEN.PK strain. After data analysis, we identified two stress response genes (UBI4 and RRP) and two reference genes (MEX67 and SSY1) under heat shock (HS) condition. These genes were further verified by real-time PCR at mild (42°C), severe (46°C), to lethal temperature (50°C), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Meza
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Joyce Muñoz-Arellano
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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44
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Zhao Y, Li S, Wang J, Liu Y, Deng Y. Roles of High Osmolarity Glycerol and Cell Wall Integrity Pathways in Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126169. [PMID: 34201004 PMCID: PMC8226467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a carcinogen that can induce ER stress, DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell death. The yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways paly crucial roles in response to various stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway are all essential for yeast cells to defend against the cadmium-induced toxicity, including the elevated ROS and cell death levels induced by cadmium. We show that the UPR pathway is required for the cadmium-induced phosphorylation of HOG_MAPK Hog1 but not for CWI_MAPK Slt2, while Slt2 but not Hog1 is required for the activation of the UPR pathway through the transcription factors of Swi6 and Rlm1. Moreover, deletion of HAC1 and IRE1 could promote the nuclear accumulation of Hog1, and increase the cytosolic and bud neck localisation of Slt2, indicating crucial roles of Hog1 and Slt2 in regulating the cellular process in the absence of UPR pathway. Altogether, our findings highlight the significance of these two MAPK pathways of HOG and CWI and their interrelationship with the UPR pathway in responding to cadmium-induced toxicity in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Shiyun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingli Liu
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Correspondence:
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Boulton C. Provocation: all yeast cells are born equal, but some grow to be more equal than others. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Shahi M, Mohammadnejad D, Karimipour M, Rahbarghazi R, Abedelahi A. Evaluation of the Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Biomaterial Enriched With Tenascin-C on the Behavior of the Neural Stem Cells. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:218-225. [PMID: 33813947 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important natural extracellular constituents is hyaluronic acid (HA) with the potential to develop a highly organized microenvironment. In the present study, we enriched HA hydrogel with tenascin-C (TN-C) and examined the viability and survival of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) using different biological assays. Following NSCs isolation and expansion, their phenotype was identified using flow cytometry analysis. Cell survival was measured using MTT assay and DAPI staining after exposure to various concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 nM TN-C. Using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, we measured the number of live and necrotic cells after exposure to the combination of HA and TN-C. MTT assay revealed the highest NSCs viability rate in the group exposed to 100 nM TN-C compared to other groups, and a combination of 1% HA + 100 nM TN-C increased the viability of NSCs compared to the HA group after 24 hours. Electron scanning microscopy revealed the higher attachment of these cells to the HA + 100 nM TN-C substrate relative to the HA substrate. Epifluorescence imaging and DAPI staining of loaded cells on HA + 100 nM TN-C substrate significantly increased the number of NSCs per field over 72 hours compared to the HA group (P < 0.05). Live and dead assay revealed that the number of live NSCs significantly increased in the HA + 100 TN-C group compared to HA and control groups. The enrichment of HA substrate with TN-C promoted viability and survival of NSCs and could be applied in neural tissue engineering approaches and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daruosh Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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47
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Gowsalya R, Ravi C, Nachiappan V. Human OVCA2 and its homolog FSH3-induced apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2021; 67:631-640. [PMID: 33715035 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian ovarian tumor suppressor candidate 2 (OVCA2) gene belongs to the family of serine hydrolase (FSH). This study aimed to elucidate the functional similarities of OVCA2 with its yeast homolog genes (FSH1, FSH2, and FSH3) regarding apoptosis. We found that the expression of OVCA2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased cell growth, disturbed mitochondrial morphology, reduced membrane potential, increased chromatin condensation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) (annexin V/propidium iodide staining) indicating induced apoptotic cell death in yeast. We also showed that complementation of OVCA2 in fsh3Δ cells reduced cell growth and increased the apoptotic phenotypes. Collectively, our results suggest that complementation of human OVCA2 in fsh3Δ cells induced apoptosis in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Gowsalya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Chidambaram Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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48
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Zhang J, Yu X, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Zhu H, Tang C. Pectin lyase enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt by inducing cell apoptosis of Verticillium dahliae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124029. [PMID: 33068990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a major disease in cotton. We found that pectin lyase can enhance cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt and induce cell apoptosis of V. dahliae strain Vd080. The biocontrol effect of pectin lyase on Vd080 reached 61.9%. Pectin lyase increased ERG4 (Delta (24 (24 (1)))-sterol reductase) expression, the ergosterol content of the cell membrane, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, hydrogen peroxide content, metacaspase activity, and Ca2+ content in the cytoplasm in the Vd080 strain and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pectin lyase also increased the expression levels of the ER molecular chaperone glucose regulating protein Grp78 (BiP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and calnexin (CNX), reduced the expression levels of the protein Hsp40. When the PDI and BiP genes of Vd080 were knocked out, the mutants △BiP and △PDI had reduced sensitivity to pectin lyase. In the absence of external stress, ER stress appeared in mutant △BiP cells. Pectin lyase affects the ergosterol content of the Vd080 cell membrane, which causes ER stress and increases the level of BiP to induce Vd080 cell apoptosis. These results demonstrate that pectin lyase can be used to control Verticillium wilt in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China.
| | - Canming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Bai Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhu L, Shi T, Wei H, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Novel Oxovanadium Complex VO(hntdtsc)(NPIP): Anticancer Activity and Mechanism of Action on HeLa Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608218. [PMID: 33628179 PMCID: PMC7897675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxovanadium complexes, particularly vanadyl (IV) derivatives with hybrid ligands of Schiff base and polypyridyl, have been demonstrated to possess great anticancerous therapeutic efficacy. However, most of the studies on the activity of these oxovanadium complexes have mainly focused on in vitro studies, and animal studies in vivo are extremely scarce. Based on the antitumor test results of four novel oxovanadium complexes in our previous work, this work further conducted a comprehensive antitumor activity study in vitro and in vivo on VO(hntdtsc)(NPIP), which owned the strongest inhibitory activity in vitro on multiple tumor cell proliferation. The cellular mechanism study suggested that VO(hntdtsc)(NPIP) inhibited the cell proliferation via arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase through the p16-cyclin D1-CDK4-p-Rb pathway and inducing cell apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway on HeLa cells. Inconsistent with the effects in vitro, VO(hntdtsc)(NPIP) significantly inhibited the growth of tumor and induced the apoptosis of cancer cells in mice xenograft models according to the results of nude mice in vivo image detection, H&E pathological examination, and immunohistochemical detection of p16/Ki-67 protein expression. Collectively, all the results, particularly studies in vivo, demonstrated that VO(hntdtsc)(NPIP) hold a potential to be the lead compound and further to be an anticervical cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longqing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hangzhi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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4'- O-methylpyridoxine: Preparation from Ginkgo biloba Seeds and Cytotoxicity in GES-1 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020095. [PMID: 33530619 PMCID: PMC7912177 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba seeds are wildly used in the food and medicine industry. It has been found that 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) is responsible for the poisoning caused by G. biloba seeds. The objective of this study was to explore and optimize the extraction method of MPN from G. biloba seeds, and investigate its toxic effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and the potential related mechanisms. The results showed that the extraction amount of MPN was 1.933 μg/mg, when extracted at 40 °C for 100 min, with the solid–liquid ratio at 1:10. MPN inhibited the proliferation of GES-1 cells, for which the inhibition rate was 38.27% when the concentration of MPN was 100 μM, and the IC50 value was 127.80 μM; meanwhile, the cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase. High concentration of MPN (100 μM) had significant effects on the nucleus of GES-1 cells, and the proportion of apoptotic cells reached 43.80%. Furthermore, the Western blotting analysis showed that MPN could reduce mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Caspase 8 and Bax in GES-1 cells. In conclusion, MPN may induce apoptosis in GES-1 cells, which leads to toxicity in the human body.
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