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Deng K, Liu Z, Su Y, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. RUNX1T1 modulates myogenic differentiation by regulating the calcium signaling pathway and the alternative splicing of ROCK2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23044. [PMID: 37342905 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1T1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1, translocated to 1) plays a wide-ranging and diverse role in cellular development, including hematopoiesis and adipogenesis. However, little is known about the function of RUNX1T1 in the skeletal muscle development. Here, we assessed the impact of RUNX1T1 on the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of goat primary myoblasts (GPMs). It was observed that RUNX1T1 is highly expressed during the early stages of myogenic differentiation and the fetal stage. Moreover, the knockdown of RUNX1T1 promotes the proliferation and inhibits myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of GPMs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that significantly differentially expressed genes in RUNX1T1 knockdown cells were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway. Additionally, we discovered that RUNX1T1 regulates alternative splicing (AS) events involved in myogenesis. We also show that silencing RUNX1T1 blocked the Ca2+ -CAMK signaling pathway and reduced the expression levels of muscle-specific isoforms of recombinant rho associated coiled coil containing crotein kinase 2 (ROCK2) during myogenic differentiation, partially explaining why RUNX1T1 deficiency leads to the impairment of myotube formation. These findings suggest that RUNX1T1 is a novel regulator of myogenic differentiation that regulates the calcium signaling pathway and AS of ROCK2. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of RUNX1T1 in myogenesis and broaden our understanding of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yalong Su
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lim JY, Kim E, Douglas CM, Wirianto M, Han C, Ono K, Kim SY, Ji JH, Tran CK, Chen Z, Esser KA, Yoo SH. The circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 regulates myoblast differentiation and sarcomere architecture via MYOZ1 ubiquitination and NFAT signaling. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010574. [PMID: 36574402 PMCID: PMC9829178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous molecular and physiological processes in the skeletal muscle undergo circadian time-dependent oscillations in accordance with daily activity/rest cycles. The circadian regulatory mechanisms underlying these cyclic processes, especially at the post-transcriptional level, are not well defined. Previously, we reported that the circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 mediates rhythmic degradation of the sarcomere protein TCAP in conjunction with GSK-3β, and Psttm mice harboring an Fbxl21 hypomorph allele show reduced muscle fiber diameter and impaired muscle function. To further elucidate the regulatory function of FBXL21 in skeletal muscle, we investigated another sarcomere protein, Myozenin1 (MYOZ1), that we identified as an FBXL21-binding protein from yeast 2-hybrid screening. We show that FBXL21 binding to MYOZ1 led to ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. GSK-3β co-expression and inhibition were found to accelerate and decelerate FBXL21-mediated MYOZ1 degradation, respectively. Previously, MYOZ1 has been shown to inhibit calcineurin/NFAT signaling important for muscle differentiation. In accordance, Fbxl21 KO and MyoZ1 KO in C2C12 cells impaired and enhanced myogenic differentiation respectively compared with control C2C12 cells, concomitant with distinct effects on NFAT nuclear localization and NFAT target gene expression. Importantly, in Psttm mice, both the levels and diurnal rhythm of NFAT2 nuclear localization were significantly diminished relative to wild-type mice, and circadian expression of NFAT target genes associated with muscle differentiation was also markedly dampened. Furthermore, Psttm mice exhibited significant disruption of sarcomere structure with a considerable excess of MYOZ1 accumulation in the Z-line. Taken together, our study illustrates a pivotal role of FBXL21 in sarcomere structure and muscle differentiation by regulating MYOZ1 degradation and NFAT2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Collin M. Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chorong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kaori Ono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Justin H. Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Celia K. Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Bioelectric regulation of intestinal stem cells. Trends Cell Biol 2022:S0962-8924(22)00234-3. [PMID: 36396487 PMCID: PMC10183058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of ion balance across the intestinal epithelium is essential for physiological functions, while ion imbalance causes intestinal disorders with dire health consequences. Ion channels, pumps, and exchangers are vital for regulating ion movements (i.e., bioelectric currents) that control epithelial absorption and secretion. Recent in vivo studies used the Drosophila gut to identify conserved pathways that link regulators of Ca2+, Na+ and Cl- with intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation. These studies laid a foundation for using the Drosophila gut to identify conserved proliferative responses triggered by bioelectric regulators. Here, we review these studies, discuss their significance, as well as the advantages of using Drosophila to unravel conserved bioelectrically induced molecular pathways in the intestinal epithelium under physiological, pathophysiological, and regenerative conditions.
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Myogenic Precursor Cells Show Faster Activation and Enhanced Differentiation in a Male Mouse Model Selected for Advanced Endurance Exercise Performance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061001. [PMID: 35326452 PMCID: PMC8947336 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SATC), the most abundant skeletal muscle stem cells, play a main role in muscle plasticity, including the adaptive response following physical activity. Thus, we investigated how long-term phenotype selection of male mice for high running performance (Dummerstorf high Treadmill Performance; DUhTP) affects abundance, creatine kinase activity, myogenic marker expression (Pax7, MyoD), and functionality (growth kinetics, differentiation) of SATC and their progeny. SATC were isolated from sedentary male DUhTP and control (Dummerstorf Control; DUC) mice at days 12, 43, and 73 of life and after voluntary wheel running for three weeks (day 73). Marked line differences occur at days 43 and 73 (after activity). At both ages, analysis of SATC growth via xCELLigence system revealed faster activation accompanied by a higher proliferation rate and lower proportion of Pax7+ cells in DUhTP mice, indicating reduced reserve cell formation and faster transition into differentiation. Cultures from sedentary DUhTP mice contain an elevated proportion of actively proliferating Pax7+/MyoD+ cells and have a higher fusion index leading to the formation of more large and very large myotubes at day 43. This robust hypertrophic response occurs without any functional load in the donor mice. Thus, our selection model seems to recruit myogenic precursor cells/SATC with a lower activation threshold that respond more rapidly to external stimuli and are more primed for differentiation at the expense of more primitive cells.
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Attwaters M, Hughes SM. Cellular and molecular pathways controlling muscle size in response to exercise. FEBS J 2022; 289:1428-1456. [PMID: 33755332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery of ATP and motor proteins to synaptic neurotransmitters and growth factor control of cell differentiation, skeletal muscle has provided an extreme model system in which to understand aspects of tissue function. Muscle is one of the few tissues that can undergo both increase and decrease in size during everyday life. Muscle size depends on its contractile activity, but the precise cellular and molecular pathway(s) by which the activity stimulus influences muscle size and strength remain unclear. Four correlates of muscle contraction could, in theory, regulate muscle growth: nerve-derived signals, cytoplasmic calcium dynamics, the rate of ATP consumption and physical force. Here, we summarise the evidence for and against each stimulus and what is known or remains unclear concerning their molecular signal transduction pathways and cellular effects. Skeletal muscle can grow in three ways, by generation of new syncytial fibres, addition of nuclei from muscle stem cells to existing fibres or increase in cytoplasmic volume/nucleus. Evidence suggests the latter two processes contribute to exercise-induced growth. Fibre growth requires increase in sarcolemmal surface area and cytoplasmic volume at different rates. It has long been known that high-force exercise is a particularly effective growth stimulus, but how this stimulus is sensed and drives coordinated growth that is appropriately scaled across organelles remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Attwaters
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
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Gong L, Zhang X, Qiu K, He L, Wang Y, Yin J. Arginine promotes myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1115-1123. [PMID: 34738042 PMCID: PMC8543491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying arginine-promoted myogenesis of myoblasts. C2C12 cells were cultured with a medium containing 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 mmol/L arginine, respectively. Cell proliferation, viability, differentiation indexes, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, and relative mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) and key Ca2+ channels were measured in the absence or presence of 2 chemical inhibitors, dantrolene (DAN, 10 μmol/L) and nisoldipine (NIS, 10 μmol/L), respectively. Results demonstrated that arginine promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation. Compared with the control (0.4 mmol/L arginine), 1.2 mmol/L arginine upregulated the relative mRNA expression levels of myogenin (MyoG) and Myomaker at d 2 during myogenic induction (P < 0.05). Cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations were significantly elevated by arginine supplementation at d 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA expression levels of Ca2+ channels including the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (Cav1.1) were upregulated by 1.2 mmol/L arginine during 2-d myogenic induction (P < 0.01). However, arginine-promoted myogenic potential of myoblasts was remarkably compromised by DAN and NIS, respectively (P < 0.05). These findings evidenced that the supplementation of arginine promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration from both extracellular and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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7
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Varicella-zoster virus: molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2415-2435. [PMID: 33259590 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in some cases. Vaccines are available but the attenuated vaccine is not recommended in immunocompromised individuals and the efficacy of the glycoprotein E (gE) based subunit vaccine has not been evaluated for the prevention of varicella. A hallmark of VZV pathology is the formation of multinucleated cells termed polykaryocytes in skin lesions. This cell-cell fusion (abbreviated as cell fusion) is mediated by the VZV glycoproteins gB, gH and gL, which constitute the fusion complex of VZV, also needed for virion entry. Expression of gB, gH and gL during VZV infection and trafficking to the cell surface enables cell fusion. Recent evidence supports the concept that cellular processes are required for regulating cell fusion induced by gB/gH-gL. Mutations within the carboxyl domains of either gB or gH have profound effects on fusion regulation and dramatically restrict the ability of VZV to replicate in human skin. This loss of regulation modifies the transcriptome of VZV infected cells. Furthermore, cellular proteins have significant effects on the regulation of gB/gH-gL-mediated cell fusion and the replication of VZV, exemplified by the cellular phosphatase, calcineurin. This review provides the current state-of-the-art knowledge about the molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis caused by VZV.
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8
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Zhou M, Kamarshi V, Arvin AM, Oliver SL. Calcineurin phosphatase activity regulates Varicella-Zoster Virus induced cell-cell fusion. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009022. [PMID: 33216797 PMCID: PMC7717522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion (abbreviated as cell fusion) is a characteristic pathology of medically important viruses, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the causative agent of chickenpox and shingles. Cell fusion is mediated by a complex of VZV glycoproteins, gB and gH-gL, and must be tightly regulated to enable skin pathogenesis based on studies with gB and gH hyperfusogenic VZV mutants. Although the function of gB and gH-gL in the regulation of cell fusion has been explored, whether host factors are directly involved in this regulation process is unknown. Here, we discovered host factors that modulated VZV gB/gH-gL mediated cell fusion via high-throughput screening of bioactive compounds with known cellular targets. Two structurally related non-antibiotic macrolides, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, both significantly increased VZV gB/gH-gL mediated cell fusion. These compounds form a drug-protein complex with FKBP1A, which binds to calcineurin and specifically inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity. Inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase activity also enhanced both herpes simplex virus-1 fusion complex and syncytin-1 mediated cell fusion, indicating a broad role of calcineurin in modulating this process. To characterize the role of calcineurin phosphatase activity in VZV gB/gH-gL mediated fusion, a series of biochemical, biological and infectivity assays was performed. Pimecrolimus-induced, enhanced cell fusion was significantly reduced by shRNA knockdown of FKBP1A, further supporting the role of calcineurin phosphatase activity in fusion regulation. Importantly, inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase activity during VZV infection caused exaggerated syncytia formation and suppressed virus propagation, which was consistent with the previously reported phenotypes of gB and gH hyperfusogenic VZV mutants. Seven host cell proteins that remained uniquely phosphorylated when calcineurin phosphatase activity was inhibited were identified as potential downstream factors involved in fusion regulation. These findings demonstrate that calcineurin is a critical host cell factor pivotal in the regulation of VZV induced cell fusion, which is essential for VZV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kamarshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Arvin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stefan L. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Regulation of the Mammalian SWI/SNF Family of Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes by Phosphorylation during Myogenesis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070152. [PMID: 32635263 PMCID: PMC7407365 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis is the biological process by which skeletal muscle tissue forms. Regulation of myogenesis involves a variety of conventional, epigenetic, and epigenomic mechanisms that control chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and activation of transcription factors. Chromatin remodeling enzymes utilize ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosome structure and/or positioning. The mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) family of chromatin remodeling enzymes is essential for myogenesis. Here we review diverse and novel mechanisms of regulation of mSWI/SNF enzymes by kinases and phosphatases. The integration of classic signaling pathways with chromatin remodeling enzyme function impacts myoblast viability and proliferation as well as differentiation. Regulated processes include the assembly of the mSWI/SNF enzyme complex, choice of subunits to be incorporated into the complex, and sub-nuclear localization of enzyme subunits. Together these processes influence the chromatin remodeling and gene expression events that control myoblast function and the induction of tissue-specific genes during differentiation.
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10
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Karthigeyan D, Bose A, Boopathi R, Rao VJ, Shima H, Bharathy N, Igarashi K, Taneja R, Trivedi AK, Kundu TK. Aurora kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of mPOU at a specific site drives skeletal muscle differentiation. J Biochem 2019; 167:195-201. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aurora kinases are Ser/Thr-directed protein kinases which play pivotal roles in mitosis. Recent evidences highlight the importance of these kinases in multiple biological events including skeletal muscle differentiation. Our earlier study identified the transcription factor POU6F1 (or mPOU) as a novel Aurora kinase (Aurk) A substrate. Here, we report that Aurora kinase A phosphorylates mPOU at Ser197 and inhibit its DNA-binding ability. Delving into mPOU physiology, we find that the phospho-mimic (S197D) mPOU mutant exhibits enhancement, while the wild type or the phospho-deficient mutant shows retardation in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, POU6F1 depletion phenocopies S197D-mPOU overexpression in the differentiation context. Collectively, our results signify mPOU as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation and strengthen the importance of AurkA in skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekan Karthigeyan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arnab Bose
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachandran Boopathi
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Jaya Rao
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Narendra Bharathy
- Department of Physiology, Cellular Differentiation and Apoptosis, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Cellular Differentiation and Apoptosis, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Calcineurin Broadly Regulates the Initiation of Skeletal Muscle-Specific Gene Expression by Binding Target Promoters and Facilitating the Interaction of the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00063-19. [PMID: 31308130 PMCID: PMC6751634 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00063-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (Cn) is a calcium-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is broadly implicated in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression. During skeletal muscle differentiation, Cn activates the nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription factor but also promotes differentiation by counteracting the negative influences of protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) via dephosphorylation and activation of Brg1, an enzymatic subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme. Here we identified four major temporal patterns of Cn-dependent gene expression in differentiating myoblasts and determined that Cn is broadly required for the activation of the myogenic gene expression program. Mechanistically, Cn promotes gene expression through direct binding to myogenic promoter sequences and facilitating the binding of Brg1, other SWI/SNF subunit proteins, and MyoD, a critical lineage determinant for skeletal muscle differentiation. We conclude that the Cn phosphatase directly impacts the expression of myogenic genes by promoting ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and formation of transcription-competent promoters.
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Lorant J, Larcher T, Jaulin N, Hedan B, Lardenois A, Leroux I, Dubreil L, Ledevin M, Goubin H, Moullec S, Deschamps JY, Thorin C, André C, Adjali O, Rouger K. Vascular Delivery of Allogeneic MuStem Cells in Dystrophic Dogs Requires Only Short-Term Immunosuppression to Avoid Host Immunity and Generate Clinical/Tissue Benefits. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1096-1110. [PMID: 29871519 PMCID: PMC6158548 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718776306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing demonstrations of regenerative potential for some stem cells led recently to promising therapeutic proposals for neuromuscular diseases. We have shown that allogeneic MuStem cell transplantation into Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs under continuous immunosuppression (IS) leads to persistent clinical stabilization and muscle repair. However, long-term IS in medical practice is associated with adverse effects raising safety concerns. Here, we investigate whether the IS removal or its restriction to the transplantation period could be considered. Dogs aged 4-5 months old received vascular infusions of allogeneic MuStem cells without IS (GRMDMU/no-IS) or under transient IS (GRMDMU/tr-IS). At 5 months post-infusion, persisting clinical status improvement of the GRMDMU/tr-IS dogs was observed while GRMDMU/no-IS dogs exhibited no benefit. Histologically, only 9-month-old GRMDMU/tr-IS dogs showed an increased muscle regenerative activity. A mixed cell reaction with the host peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) and corresponding donor cells revealed undetectable to weak lymphocyte proliferation in GRMDMU/tr-IS dogs compared with a significant proliferation in GRMDMU/no-IS dogs. Importantly, any dog group showed neither cellular nor humoral anti-dystrophin responses. Our results show that transient IS is necessary and sufficient to sustain allogeneic MuStem cell transplantation benefits and prevent host immunity. These findings provide useful critical insight to designing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lorant
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
- Judith Lorant and Thibaut Larcher both contributed equally to this work
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
- Judith Lorant and Thibaut Larcher both contributed equally to this work
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- INSERM, UMR1089, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Benoît Hedan
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Lardenois
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Hélicia Goubin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | | | - Jack-Yves Deschamps
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
- Centre de Boisbonne, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Animale et Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine André
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM, UMR1089, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
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13
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Biomaterials in Tendon and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Challenges. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071116. [PMID: 29966303 PMCID: PMC6073924 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair tendon and muscle when natural healing fails. Biohybrid constructs obtained after cells’ seeding and culture in dedicated scaffolds have indeed been considered as relevant tools for mimicking native tissue, leading to a better integration in vivo. They can also be employed to perform advanced in vitro studies to model the cell differentiation or regeneration processes. In this review, we report and analyze the different solutions proposed in literature, for the reconstruction of tendon, muscle, and the myotendinous junction. They classically rely on the three pillars of tissue engineering, i.e., cells, biomaterials and environment (both chemical and physical stimuli). We have chosen to present biomimetic or bioinspired strategies based on understanding of the native tissue structure/functions/properties of the tissue of interest. For each tissue, we sorted the relevant publications according to an increasing degree of complexity in the materials’ shape or manufacture. We present their biological and mechanical performances, observed in vitro and in vivo when available. Although there is no consensus for a gold standard technique to reconstruct these musculo-skeletal tissues, the reader can find different ways to progress in the field and to understand the recent history in the choice of materials, from collagen to polymer-based matrices.
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14
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Matsui I, Oka T, Kusunoki Y, Mori D, Hashimoto N, Matsumoto A, Shimada K, Yamaguchi S, Kubota K, Yonemoto S, Higo T, Sakaguchi Y, Takabatake Y, Hamano T, Isaka Y. Cardiac hypertrophy elevates serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23. Kidney Int 2018; 94:60-71. [PMID: 29751971 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) induces left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, the opposite directional relationship, namely a potential effect of LVH on FGF23, remains uncertain. Here we evaluated the effects of LVH on FGF23 using cardiomyocyte-specific calcineurin A transgenic mice. At six weeks, these mice showed severe LVH, with elevated levels of serum intact FGF23. FGF23 levels were elevated in cardiomyocytes, but not osteocytes, of the transgenic animals. Moreover, transverse aortic constriction also upregulated myocardial FGF23 expression in wild type mice. The promoter region of the FGF23 gene contains two putative nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT)-binding sites, with NFAT1 activating the promoter in a proximal NFAT-binding site dependent manner. Neither serum, urinary, or fractional excretion values of calcium and phosphate nor serum levels of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D were different between wild type and transgenic mice. Moreover, the renal expression of FGF receptors and α-Klotho was comparable. However, plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone were significantly increased in the transgenic mice, and aquaporin-2 immunohistochemical staining was mainly positive in the apical membrane of the collecting duct, compared to a primarily cytoplasmic staining in wild type mice. Real-time PCR analyses of kidney CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression in wild type mice showed that exogenous antidiuretic hormone blocked FGF23's actions on these vitamin D activating or inactivating enzymes. Finally, the renal resistance of transgenic mice to FGF23 was partly overcome by tolvaptan. Thus, LVH in transgenic mice is associated with an increase in myocardial and serum intact FGF23, with the kidneys being protected against FGF23 excess by elevated antidiuretic hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tatsufumi Oka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kusunoki
- Department of Nephrology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karin Shimada
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kubota
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayoko Yonemoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Comprehensive Kidney Disease Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Comprehensive Kidney Disease Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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De Lima Rodrigues D, Alves AN, Guimarães BR, de Alcântara Araujo Amorim WW, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Effect of prior application with and without post-injury treatment with low-level laser on the modulation of key proteins in the muscle repair process. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1207-1213. [PMID: 29450762 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT prior to muscle injury with and without post-injury irradiation on the expression of isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), calcineurin (CaN), and myostatin during the repair process. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control (n = 7); injury (n = 21); LLLT + injury (n = 21); injury + LLLT (n = 21), and LLLT + injury + LLLT (n = 21). Cryoinjury was performed on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The injured groups were euthanized at 3, 7, and 14 days after injury. LLLT was performed using an infrared laser (780 nm) with the following parameters: 10 J/cm2, 40 mW, 10 s per point, 8 points, and 3.2 J of total energy. At the end of each period, the TA muscle was removed for the analysis of MyHC, CaN, and myostatin gene expression using real-time PCR. The data were tested statistically by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that prior irradiation reduced the mRNA expression of all proteins at 3 days. Post irradiation reduced the mRNA expression of MyHC-1, MyHC-2a, MyHC-2b, and CaN at 7 days. Prior irradiation combined with post-injury irradiation reduced the mRNA expression of MyHC-2x and CaN at 14 days and increased the mRNA expression of myostatin in the same period. In conclusion, different protocols of photobiomodulation can modulate the expression of the different isoforms of MyHC, CaN, and myostatin during the repair process. It is noteworthy that the combination of the prior and post-injury irradiation was the protocol that most promoted changes in the final phase of the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle De Lima Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnelo Neves Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ribeiro Guimarães
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Pós Graduação, Mestrado e Doutorado em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01504-001, Brazil.
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16
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Choi JY, Hwang CY, Lee B, Lee SM, Bahn YJ, Lee KP, Kang M, Kim YS, Woo SH, Lim JY, Kim E, Kwon KS. Age-associated repression of type 1 inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor impairs muscle regeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2062-2080. [PMID: 27658230 PMCID: PMC5076452 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and power decrease with age, leading to impairment of mobility and metabolism in the elderly. Ca2+ signaling is crucial for myoblast differentiation as well as muscle contraction through activation of transcription factors and Ca2+-dependent kinases and phosphatases. Ca2+ channels, such as dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), two-pore channel (TPC) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (ITPR), function to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in myoblasts. Here, we observed a significant decrease in expression of type 1 IP3 receptor (ITPR1), but not types 2 and 3, in aged mice skeletal muscle and isolated myoblasts, compared with those of young mice. ITPR1 knockdown using shRNA-expressing viruses in C2C12 myoblasts and tibialis anterior muscle of mice inhibited myotube formation and muscle regeneration after injury, respectively, a typical phenotype of aged muscle. This aging phenotype was associated with repression of muscle-specific genes and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. ERK inhibition by U0126 not only induced recovery of myotube formation in old myoblasts but also facilitated muscle regeneration after injury in aged muscle. The conserved decline in ITPR1 expression in aged human skeletal muscle suggests utility as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia, which can be treated using ERK inhibition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yi Choi
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Bahn
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyung Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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17
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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Differentiation and Proliferation by Pannexins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 925:57-73. [PMID: 27518505 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins are newly discovered channels that are now recognized as mediators of adenosine triphosphate release from several cell types allowing communication with the extracellular environment. Pannexins have been associated with various physiological and pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, and cancer. However, it is only recently that our work has unveiled a role for Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3 as novel regulators of skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Myoblast differentiation is an ordered multistep process that includes withdrawal from the cell cycle and the expression of key myogenic factors leading to myoblast differentiation and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Eventually, myotubes will give rise to the diverse muscle fiber types that build the complex skeletal muscle architecture essential for body movement, postural behavior, and breathing. Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are crucial processes required for proper skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, as well as for the postnatal skeletal muscle regeneration that is necessary for muscle repair after injury or exercise. However, defects in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and/or deregulation of cell proliferation are involved in various skeletal muscle pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the expression of pannexins and their post-translational modifications in skeletal muscle, their known functions in various steps of myogenesis, including myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as their possible roles in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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18
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Perroud J, Bernheim L, Frieden M, Koenig S. Distinct roles of NFATc1 and NFATc4 in human primary myoblast differentiation and in the maintenance of reserve cells. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3083-3093. [PMID: 28760926 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a key role during human myoblast differentiation. Among Ca2+-sensitive pathways, calcineurin is essential for myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration. Nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription factors are the major calcineurin targets. We investigated the expression and the role of each NFAT gene during human primary myoblast differentiation. We found that three NFAT isoforms are present, NFATc1, NFATc3 and NFATc4. Importantly, while their mRNA expression increases during differentiation, NFATc1 is more highly expressed in myotubes, whilst NFATc4 is specifically maintained in reserve cells. NFATc3 is present in both cell types, although no specific role during myoblast differentiation was observed. Knockdown of either NFATc1 or NFATc4 affects the differentiation process similarly, by decreasing the expression of late differentiation markers, but impairs myotube formation differently. Whereas NFATc1 knockdown strongly reduced the number and the surface area of myotubes, NFATc4 knockdown increased the surface area of myotubes and reduced the pool of reserve cells. We conclude that NFAT genes have specific roles in myotube formation and in the maintenance of the reserve cell pool during human postnatal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Perroud
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bernheim
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Koenig
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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19
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Kelu JJ, Webb SE, Parrington J, Galione A, Miller AL. Ca 2+ release via two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2) is required for slow muscle cell myofibrillogenesis and myotomal patterning in intact zebrafish embryos. Dev Biol 2017; 425:109-129. [PMID: 28390800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated a critical role for two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2)-mediated Ca2+ release during the differentiation of slow (skeletal) muscle cells (SMC) in intact zebrafish embryos, via the introduction of a translational-blocking morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO). Here, we extend our study and demonstrate that knockdown of TPC2 with a non-overlapping splice-blocking MO, knockout of TPC2 (via the generation of a tpcn2dhkz1a mutant line of zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing), or the pharmacological inhibition of TPC2 action with bafilomycin A1 or trans-ned-19, also lead to a significant attenuation of SMC differentiation, characterized by a disruption of SMC myofibrillogenesis and gross morphological changes in the trunk musculature. When the morphants were injected with tpcn2-mRNA or were treated with IP3/BM or caffeine (agonists of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR), respectively), many aspects of myofibrillogenesis and myotomal patterning (and in the case of the pharmacological treatments, the Ca2+ signals generated in the SMCs), were rescued. STED super-resolution microscopy revealed a close physical relationship between clusters of RyR in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and TPC2 in lysosomes, with a mean estimated separation of ~52-87nm. Our data therefore add to the increasing body of evidence, which indicate that localized Ca2+ release via TPC2 might trigger the generation of more global Ca2+ release from the SR via Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Body Patterning/drug effects
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Caffeine/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Kinesins/metabolism
- Macrolides/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Morpholinos/pharmacology
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/cytology
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- Muscle Development/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/drug effects
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Kelu
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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20
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Akirin2 regulates proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells via ERK1/2 and NFATc1 signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45156. [PMID: 28327665 PMCID: PMC5361102 DOI: 10.1038/srep45156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Akirin2, a novel nuclear factor, plays an important role in myogenesis. To investigate the role of Akirin2 in proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells, Akirin2 overexpression and Akirin2 silence technologies were employed. Our results showed that overexpression of Akirin2 markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells, whereas silencing of Akirin2 got the opposite results. Furthermore, our results showed that Akirin2 affected proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells through extracellular-signal regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and NFATc1 signaling pathways. These results indicate that Akirin2 can effectively promote skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation, acting through ERK1/2- and NFATc1-dependent mechanisms.
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21
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Cortez-Toledo O, Schnair C, Sangngern P, Metzger D, Chao LC. Nur77 deletion impairs muscle growth during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171268. [PMID: 28170423 PMCID: PMC5295706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a prevalent condition in illness and aging. Identifying novel pathways that control muscle mass may lead to therapeutic advancement. We previously identified Nur77 as a transcriptional regulator of glycolysis in skeletal muscle. More recently, we showed that Nur77 expression also controls myofiber size in mice. It was unknown, however, whether Nur77’s regulation of muscle size begins during developmental myogenesis or only in adulthood. To determine the importance of Nur77 throughout muscle growth, we examined myofiber size at E18.5, 3 weeks postnatal age, and in young adult mice. Using the global Nur77-/- mice, we showed that Nur77 deficiency reduced myofiber size as early as E18.5. The reduction in myofiber size became more pronounced by 3 weeks of age. We observed comparable reduction in myofiber size in young myofiber-specific Nur77-knockout mice. These findings suggest that Nur77’s effect on muscle growth is intrinsic to its expression in differentiating myofibers, and not dependent on its expression in myogenic stem cells. To determine the importance of Nur77 expression in muscle accretion in mature mice, we generated an inducible-, muscle-specific, Nur77-deficient mouse model. We demonstrated that tamoxifen-induced deletion of Nur77 in 3-month-old mice reduced myofiber size. This change was accompanied by increased activity of Smad2 and FoxO3, two negative regulators of muscle mass. The role of Nur77 in muscle growth was further elaborated in the cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration model. Compared to wildtype mice, regenerated myofibers were smaller in Nur77-/- mice. However, when normalized to saline-injected muscle, the recovery of sarcoplasmic area was comparable between Nur77-/- and wildtype mice. These findings suggest that Nur77 deficiency compromises myofiber growth, but not the regenerative capacity of myogenic progenitor cells. Collectively, the findings presented here demonstrate Nur77 as an important regulator of muscle growth both during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cortez-Toledo
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Schnair
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peer Sangngern
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Lily C. Chao
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Differential regulation of the histone chaperone HIRA during muscle cell differentiation by a phosphorylation switch. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e252. [PMID: 27515126 PMCID: PMC5007640 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication-independent incorporation of variant histone H3.3 has a profound impact on chromatin function and numerous cellular processes, including the differentiation of muscle cells. The histone chaperone HIRA and H3.3 have essential roles in MyoD regulation during myoblast differentiation. However, the precise mechanism that determines the onset of H3.3 deposition in response to differentiation signals is unclear. Here we show that HIRA is phosphorylated by Akt kinase, an important signaling modulator in muscle cells. By generating a phosphospecific antibody, we found that a significant amount of HIRA was phosphorylated in myoblasts. The phosphorylation level of HIRA and the occupancy of phosphorylated protein on muscle genes gradually decreased during cellular differentiation. Remarkably, the forced expression of the phosphomimic form of HIRA resulted in reduced H3.3 deposition and suppressed the activation of muscle genes in myotubes. Our data show that HIRA phosphorylation limits the expression of myogenic genes, while the dephosphorylation of HIRA is required for proficient H3.3 deposition and gene activation, demonstrating that the phosphorylation switch is exploited to modulate HIRA/H3.3-mediated muscle gene regulation during myogenesis.
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23
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Torgan CE, Daniels MP. Calcineurin Localization in Skeletal Muscle Offers Insights into Potential New Targets. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 54:119-28. [PMID: 16174789 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6769.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, is believed to regulate the development and function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Striated muscle contains many calcineurin substrates, a few of which have been colocalized or found in molecular complexes with calcineurin. We examined the subcellular distribution of calcineurin in developing rat skeletal muscle cells and adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found low levels of calcineurin immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of myoblasts and higher levels in cytoplasmic vesicles of myotubes. Most of these vesicles were not immunoreactive for ryanodine receptors and, those that were, represented a small fraction of nascent triad junctions. In adult myofibers, calcineurin was largely associated with triads. Weaker calcineurin immunoreactivity occurred in the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the level of the M line. Unexpectedly, we found tiny clusters of calcineurin associated with nucleoli of developing myofiber nuclei. There were one to three clusters per nucleolus, either within or at the edges of fibrillar centers where ribosomal genes are transcribed. This suggests a role for calcineurin in regulating ribosome synthesis. Our findings suggest a variety of potential new targets and pathways through which calcineurin could regulate skeletal muscle development and plasticity and underscore the importance of spatial specificity in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E Torgan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8017, USA
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24
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Tsompanidis A, Vafiadaki E, Blüher S, Kalozoumi G, Sanoudou D, Mantzoros CS. Ciliary neurotrophic factor upregulates follistatin and Pak1, causes overexpression of muscle differentiation related genes and downregulation of established atrophy mediators in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2016; 65:915-25. [PMID: 27173470 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) is a pluripotent cytokine with anorexigenic actions in the hypothalamus that improves insulin sensitivity, increases energy expenditure and induces weight loss. Since CNTF also has an established myotrophic role, we sought to examine whether skeletal muscle contributes to the CNTF-induced metabolic improvement and identify the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects. METHODS We used a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, to which high or low CNTF doses were administered for 7days. Whole transcriptome expression levels were analyzed in dissected soleus muscles using microarrays and data were then confirmed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS We demonstrate that CNTF administration significantly downregulates leptin, while it upregulates follistatin and Pak1; a molecule associated with insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle. A significant overexpression of muscle differentiation related genes and downregulation of established atrophy mediators was observed. CONCLUSIONS The overall gene expression changes suggest an indirect, beneficial effect of CNTF on metabolism, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity, exerted by the pronounced stimulation of muscle growth, with similarities to the described effect of follistatin and the activation of the Akt pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsompanidis
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susann Blüher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Kalozoumi
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Pleiss MM, Sompol P, Kraner SD, Abdul HM, Furman JL, Guttmann RP, Wilcock DM, Nelson PT, Norris CM. Calcineurin proteolysis in astrocytes: Implications for impaired synaptic function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1521-32. [PMID: 27212416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that astrocyte activation, found in most forms of neural injury and disease, is linked to the hyperactivation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin. In many tissues and cell types, calcineurin hyperactivity is the direct result of limited proteolysis. However, little is known about the proteolytic status of calcineurin in activated astrocytes. Here, we developed a polyclonal antibody to a high activity calcineurin proteolytic fragment in the 45-48kDa range (ΔCN) for use in immunohistochemical applications. When applied to postmortem human brain sections, the ΔCN antibody intensely labeled cell clusters in close juxtaposition to amyloid deposits and microinfarcts. Many of these cells exhibited clear activated astrocyte morphology. The expression of ΔCN in astrocytes near areas of pathology was further confirmed using confocal microscopy. Multiple NeuN-positive cells, particularly those within microinfarct core regions, also labeled positively for ΔCN. This observation suggests that calcineurin proteolysis can also occur within damaged or dying neurons, as reported in other studies. When a similar ΔCN fragment was selectively expressed in hippocampal astrocytes of intact rats (using adeno-associated virus), we observed a significant reduction in the strength of CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses, indicating that the hyperactivation of astrocytic calcineurin is sufficient for disrupting synaptic function. Together, these results suggest that proteolytic activation of calcineurin in activated astrocytes may be a central mechanism for driving and/or exacerbating neural dysfunction during neurodegenerative disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Pleiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Susan D Kraner
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Hafiz Mohmmad Abdul
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Furman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Rodney P Guttmann
- Department of Psychology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA.
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
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26
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Dumont NA, Bentzinger CF, Sincennes MC, Rudnicki MA. Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1027-59. [PMID: 26140708 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are essential for vital functions such as movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis. Muscle tissue is largely composed of long, postmitotic multinucleated fibers. The life-long maintenance of muscle tissue is mediated by satellite cells, lying in close proximity to the muscle fibers. Muscle satellite cells are a heterogeneous population with a small subset of muscle stem cells, termed satellite stem cells. Under homeostatic conditions all satellite cells are poised for activation by stimuli such as physical trauma or growth signals. After activation, satellite stem cells undergo symmetric divisions to expand their number or asymmetric divisions to give rise to cohorts of committed satellite cells and thus progenitors. Myogenic progenitors proliferate, and eventually differentiate through fusion with each other or to damaged fibers to reconstitute fiber integrity and function. In the recent years, research has begun to unravel the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms controlling satellite cell behavior. Nonetheless, an understanding of the complex cellular and molecular interactions of satellite cells with their dynamic microenvironment remains a major challenge, especially in pathological conditions. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on satellite cell characteristics, functions, and behavior in muscle regeneration and in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Dumont
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Park SY, Yun Y, Lim JS, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Kim JE, Kim IS. Stabilin-2 modulates the efficiency of myoblast fusion during myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10871. [PMID: 26972991 PMCID: PMC4793076 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for the formation of skeletal muscle myofibres. Studies have shown that phosphatidylserine is necessary for myoblast fusion, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the phosphatidylserine receptor stabilin-2 acts as a membrane protein for myoblast fusion during myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Stabilin-2 expression is induced during myogenic differentiation, and is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT signalling in myoblasts. Forced expression of stabilin-2 in myoblasts is associated with increased myotube formation, whereas deficiency of stabilin-2 results in the formation of small, thin myotubes. Stab2-deficient mice have myofibres with small cross-sectional area and few myonuclei and impaired muscle regeneration after injury. Importantly, myoblasts lacking stabilin-2 have reduced phosphatidylserine-dependent fusion. Collectively, our results show that stabilin-2 contributes to phosphatidylserine-dependent myoblast fusion and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which phosphatidylserine mediates myoblast fusion during muscle growth and regeneration. Phosphatidylserine and its receptors are associated with cell-cell fusion. Here, the authors show the phosphatidylserine receptor stabilin-2 is expressed by muscle cells and plays a vital role in myoblast fusion and post-injury muscle regeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Yun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine &Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST school, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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28
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Kurosaka M, Ogura Y, Funabashi T, Akema T. Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in Myoblast Fusion. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2275-85. [PMID: 26892397 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie the complex process of muscle regeneration after injury remain unknown. Transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is expressed in several cell types, including skeletal muscle, and is activated by high temperature and by certain molecules secreted during tissue inflammation. Severe inflammation and local temperature perturbations are induced during muscle regeneration, which suggests that TRPV1 might be activated and involved in the process. The aim of this study, was to clarify the role of TRPV1 in the myogenic potential of satellite cells responsible for muscle regeneration. We found that mRNA and protein levels of TRPV1 increased during regeneration after cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury in mice. Using isolated mouse satellite cells (i.e., myoblasts), we observed that activation of TRPV1 by its agonist capsaicin (CAP) augmented myogenin protein levels. Whereas CAP did not alter myoblast proliferation, it facilitated myoblast fusion (evaluated using myonucleii number per myotube and fusion index). In contrast, suppression of TRPV1 by siRNA impaired myoblast fusion. Using mice, we also demonstrated that intramuscular injection of CAP facilitated muscle repair after CTX-induced muscle injury. Moreover, we showed that these roles of TRPV1 might be mediated by interleukin-4 and calcium signaling during myoblast fusion. Collectively, these results suggest that TRPV1 underlies normal myogenesis through promotion of myoblast fusion. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2275-2285, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiya Funabashi
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Akema
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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29
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Tu MK, Levin JB, Hamilton AM, Borodinsky LN. Calcium signaling in skeletal muscle development, maintenance and regeneration. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:91-7. [PMID: 26944205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-specific stem cells are pivotal for tissue development and regeneration. Muscle plasticity, inherent in these processes, is also essential for daily life activities. Great advances and efforts have been made in understanding the function of the skeletal muscle-dedicated stem cells, called muscle satellite cells, and the specific signaling mechanisms that activate them for recruitment in the repair of the injured muscle. Elucidating these signaling mechanisms may contribute to devising therapies for muscular injury or disease. Here we review the studies that have contributed to our understanding of how calcium signaling regulates skeletal muscle development, homeostasis and regeneration, with a focus on the calcium dynamics and calcium-dependent effectors that participate in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Tu
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology and Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Jacqueline B Levin
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology and Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Andrew M Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology and Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Laura N Borodinsky
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology and Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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30
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Matta C, Fodor J, Csernoch L, Zákány R. Purinergic signalling-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) concentration changes in the regulation of chondrogenesis and skeletal muscle formation. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:108-16. [PMID: 26925979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely recognised that changes of the intracellular calcium concentration have deep impact on the differentiation of various non-excitable cells including the elements of the vertebrate skeleton. It has become evident that purinergic signalling is one of the most ancient cellular mechanisms that can cause such alterations in the intracellular Ca(2+)-homeostasis, which are precisely set either spatially or temporally. Purinergic signalling is believed to regulate intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration of developing cartilage and skeletal muscle cells and suggested to play roles in the modulation of various cellular functions. This idea is supported by the fact that pluripotent mesenchymal cells, chondroprogenitors or muscle precursors, as well as mature chondrocytes all are capable of releasing ectonucleotides, and express various types of purinoreceptors and ectonucleotidases. The presence of the basic components of purinergic signalling proves that cells of the chondrogenic lineage can utilise this mechanism for modulating their intracellular Ca(2+) concentration independently from the surrounding skeletal muscle and bone tissues, which are well known to release ectopurines during development and mechanical stress. In this review, we summarize accumulating experimental evidence supporting the importance of purinergic signalling in the regulation of chondrogenesis and during skeletal muscle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary; Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
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31
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Schmeisser J, Séon AA, Aureli R, Friedel A, Guggenbuhl P, Duval S, Cowieson A, Fru-Nji F. Exploratory transcriptomic analysis in muscle tissue of broilers fed a phytase-supplemented diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:563-575. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schmeisser
- DSM Nutritional Products France SA; Saint-Louis France
| | - A.-A. Séon
- DSM Nutritional Products France SA; Saint-Louis France
| | - R. Aureli
- DSM Nutritional Products France SA; Saint-Louis France
| | - A. Friedel
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd; Kaiseraugst Switzerland
| | - P. Guggenbuhl
- DSM Nutritional Products France SA; Saint-Louis France
| | - S. Duval
- DSM Nutritional Products France SA; Saint-Louis France
| | - A.J. Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd; Kaiseraugst Switzerland
| | - F. Fru-Nji
- DSM Nutritional Products France SA; Saint-Louis France
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd; Kaiseraugst Switzerland
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32
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Sun M, Liao B, Tao Y, Chen H, Xiao F, Gu J, Gao S, Jin Y. Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling Controls Somatic Cell Reprogramming in a Stage-Dependent Manner. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1151-62. [PMID: 26448199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is critical for early lineage specification of mouse embryonic stem cells and early embryos. However, its roles in somatic cell reprogramming remain unknown. Here, we report that calcineurin-NFAT signaling has a dynamic activity and plays diverse roles at different stages of reprogramming. At the early stage, calcineurin-NFAT signaling is transiently activated and its activation is required for successful reprogramming. However, at the late stage of reprogramming, activation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling becomes a barrier for reprogramming and its inactivation is critical for successful induction of pluripotency. Mechanistically, calcineurin-NFAT signaling contributes to the reprogramming through regulating multiple early events during reprogramming, including mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), cell adhesion and emergence of SSEA1(+) intermediate cells. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time the important roles of calcineurin-NFAT signaling during somatic cell reprogramming and provides new insights into the molecular regulation of reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,The College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Homma J, Sekine H, Matsuura K, Yamato M, Shimizu T. Myoblast cell sheet transplantation enhances the endogenous regenerative abilities of infant hearts in rats with myocardial infarction. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1897-1906. [PMID: 26471961 DOI: 10.1002/term.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of heart transplantation donors for infants is severe. Regenerative cell therapy has been expected to offer new methods of treatment, and this study was about regenerative cell therapy for infant hearts. The aims of the present study were to clarify the effects of regenerative cell therapy on the infant heart. The heart impairment model and tissue-engineered myoblast cell sheets were used for regenerative cell therapy. Infant rats (n = 54) aged 2 weeks and adult rats aged 12 weeks (n = 35) were used. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced as the heart impairment model and triple-layer myoblast cell sheets were used for transplantation to MI lesions. Infant rats after MI had better self-regenerative ability in wall thickness, fibrosis and cardiac function and we observed greater numbers of proliferating cardiomyocytes than in adults. Moreover, infant MI rats treated with myoblast cell sheets showed better results in wall thickness, fibrosis and cardiac function than infant MI rats without myoblast cell sheets, because of the positive effect that myoblast cell sheets had on proliferating cardiomyocytes, increasing vascular networks and accumulating c-kit-positive cells. We clarified that regenerative cell therapy enhances the endogenous regenerative ability of infant hearts in rats with MI; moreover, it has a greater therapeutic effect on infant hearts than on adult hearts, because of the ability of infant hearts for cardiomyocyte proliferation. The present paper provides essential new data for clinical therapy in infant patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Homma
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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34
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Meyer SU, Krebs S, Thirion C, Blum H, Krause S, Pfaffl MW. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Induced Modifications of the Gene Expression Kinetics of Differentiating Skeletal Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139520. [PMID: 26447881 PMCID: PMC4598026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF-α levels are increased during muscle wasting and chronic muscle degeneration and regeneration processes, which are characteristic for primary muscle disorders. Pathologically increased TNF-α levels have a negative effect on muscle cell differentiation efficiency, while IGF1 can have a positive effect; therefore, we intended to elucidate the impact of TNF-α and IGF1 on gene expression during the early stages of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings This study presents gene expression data of the murine skeletal muscle cells PMI28 during myogenic differentiation or differentiation with TNF-α or IGF1 exposure at 0 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after induction. Our study detected significant coregulation of gene sets involved in myoblast differentiation or in the response to TNF-α. Gene expression data revealed a time- and treatment-dependent regulation of signaling pathways, which are prominent in myogenic differentiation. We identified enrichment of pathways, which have not been specifically linked to myoblast differentiation such as doublecortin-like kinase pathway associations as well as enrichment of specific semaphorin isoforms. Moreover to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a specific inverse regulation of the following genes in myoblast differentiation and response to TNF-α: Aknad1, Cmbl, Sepp1, Ndst4, Tecrl, Unc13c, Spats2l, Lix1, Csdc2, Cpa1, Parm1, Serpinb2, Aspn, Fibin, Slc40a1, Nrk, and Mybpc1. We identified a gene subset (Nfkbia, Nfkb2, Mmp9, Mef2c, Gpx, and Pgam2), which is robustly regulated by TNF-α across independent myogenic differentiation studies. Conclusions This is the largest dataset revealing the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on gene expression kinetics of early in vitro skeletal myoblast differentiation. We identified novel mRNAs, which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α. Results of this study may facilitate the understanding of transcriptomic networks underlying inhibited muscle differentiation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Meyer SU, Sass S, Mueller NS, Krebs S, Bauersachs S, Kaiser S, Blum H, Thirion C, Krause S, Theis FJ, Pfaffl MW. Integrative Analysis of MicroRNA and mRNA Data Reveals an Orchestrated Function of MicroRNAs in Skeletal Myocyte Differentiation in Response to TNF-α or IGF1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135284. [PMID: 26270642 PMCID: PMC4536022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skeletal muscle cell differentiation is impaired by elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with pathological significance in chronic diseases or inherited muscle disorders. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF1) positively regulates muscle cell differentiation. Both, TNF-α and IGF1 affect gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in this process. However, computational prediction of miRNA-mRNA relations is challenged by false positives and targets which might be irrelevant in the respective cellular transcriptome context. Thus, this study is focused on functional information about miRNA affected target transcripts by integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiling data. Methodology/Principal Findings Murine skeletal myocytes PMI28 were differentiated for 24 hours with concomitant TNF-α or IGF1 treatment. Both, mRNA and miRNA expression profiling was performed. The data-driven integration of target prediction and paired mRNA/miRNA expression profiling data revealed that i) the quantity of predicted miRNA-mRNA relations was reduced, ii) miRNA targets with a function in cell cycle and axon guidance were enriched, iii) differential regulation of anti-differentiation miR-155-5p and miR-29b-3p as well as pro-differentiation miR-335-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-322-3p, and miR-322-5p seemed to be of primary importance during skeletal myoblast differentiation compared to the other miRNAs, iv) the abundance of targets and affected biological processes was miRNA specific, and v) subsets of miRNAs may collectively regulate gene expression. Conclusions Joint analysis of mRNA and miRNA profiling data increased the process-specificity and quality of predicted relations by statistically selecting miRNA-target interactions. Moreover, this study revealed miRNA-specific predominant biological implications in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to TNF-α or IGF1 treatment. Furthermore, myoblast differentiation-associated miRNAs are suggested to collectively regulate gene clusters and targets associated with enriched specific gene ontology terms or pathways. Predicted miRNA functions of this study provide novel insights into defective regulation at the transcriptomic level during myocyte proliferation and differentiation due to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U. Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Steffen Sass
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikola S. Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kaiser
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Rana K, Lee NKL, Zajac JD, MacLean HE. Expression of androgen receptor target genes in skeletal muscle. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:675-83. [PMID: 24713826 PMCID: PMC4215656 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the mechanisms of the anabolic actions of androgens in skeletal muscle by investigating potential androgen receptor (AR)-regulated genes in in vitro and in vivo models. The expression of the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin was significantly decreased in skeletal muscle from testosterone-treated orchidectomized male mice compared to control orchidectomized males, and was increased in muscle from male AR knockout mice that lacked DNA binding activity (ARΔZF2) versus wildtype mice, demonstrating that myogenin is repressed by the androgen/AR pathway. The ubiquitin ligase Fbxo32 was repressed by 12 h dihydrotestosterone treatment in human skeletal muscle cell myoblasts, and c-Myc expression was decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle, and increased in ARΔZF2 muscle. The expression of a group of genes that regulate the transition from myoblast proliferation to differentiation, Tceal7, p57Kip2, Igf2 and calcineurin Aa, was increased in ARΔZF2 muscle, and the expression of all but p57Kip2 was also decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle. We conclude that in males, androgens act via the AR in part to promote peak muscle mass by maintaining myoblasts in the proliferative state and delaying the transition to differentiation during muscle growth and development, and by suppressing ubiquitin ligase-mediated atrophy pathways to preserve muscle mass in adult muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesha Rana
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Nasipak BT, Padilla-Benavides T, Green KM, Leszyk JD, Mao W, Konda S, Sif S, Shaffer SA, Ohkawa Y, Imbalzano AN. Opposing calcium-dependent signalling pathways control skeletal muscle differentiation by regulating a chromatin remodelling enzyme. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7441. [PMID: 26081415 PMCID: PMC4530624 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is important for differentiation-dependent gene expression, but is also involved in other cellular functions. Therefore mechanisms must exist to distinguish calcium signaling relevant to differentiation. Calcineurin is a calcium-regulated phosphatase that is required for myogenic gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of calcineurin blocks chromatin remodeling and that the Brg1 ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme, which is required for the activation of myogenic gene expression, is a calcineurin substrate. Furthermore, we identify the calcium-regulated classical protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) as a repressor of myogenesis and as the enzyme that opposes calcineurin function. Replacement of endogenous Brg1 with a phosphomimetic mutant in primary myoblasts inhibits myogenesis, while replacement with a non-phosphorylatable mutant allows myogenesis despite inhibition of calcineurin signaling, demonstrating the functionality of calcineurin/PKC modified residues. Thus the Brg1 chromatin remodeling enzyme integrates two antagonistic calcium-dependent signaling pathways that control myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Nasipak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Karin M Green
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - John D Leszyk
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Silvana Konda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.,Department Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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Brancaccio A, Palacios D. Chromatin signaling in muscle stem cells: interpreting the regenerative microenvironment. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:36. [PMID: 25904863 PMCID: PMC4387924 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration in the adult occurs in response to damage at expenses of a population of adult stem cells, the satellite cells. Upon injury, either physical or genetic, signals released within the satellite cell niche lead to the commitment, expansion and differentiation of the pool of muscle progenitors to repair damaged muscle. To achieve this goal satellite cells undergo a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming to coordinately activate and repress specific subset of genes. Although the epigenetics of muscle regeneration has been extensively discussed, less emphasis has been put on how extra-cellular cues are translated into the specific chromatin reorganization necessary for progression through the myogenic program. In this review we will focus on how satellite cells sense the regenerative microenvironment in physiological and pathological circumstances, paying particular attention to the mechanism through which the external stimuli are transduced to the nucleus to modulate chromatin structure and gene expression. We will discuss the pathways involved and how alterations in this chromatin signaling may contribute to satellite cells dysfunction during aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brancaccio
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Signaling, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Signaling, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
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Simionescu-Bankston A, Pichavant C, Canner JP, Apponi LH, Wang Y, Steeds C, Olthoff JT, Belanto JJ, Ervasti JM, Pavlath GK. Creatine kinase B is necessary to limit myoblast fusion during myogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C919-31. [PMID: 25810257 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00029.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is critical for proper muscle growth and regeneration. During myoblast fusion, the localization of some molecules is spatially restricted; however, the exact reason for such localization is unknown. Creatine kinase B (CKB), which replenishes local ATP pools, localizes near the ends of cultured primary mouse myotubes. To gain insights into the function of CKB, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify CKB-interacting proteins. We identified molecules with a broad diversity of roles, including actin polymerization, intracellular protein trafficking, and alternative splicing, as well as sarcomeric components. In-depth studies of α-skeletal actin and α-cardiac actin, two predominant muscle actin isoforms, demonstrated their biochemical interaction and partial colocalization with CKB near the ends of myotubes in vitro. In contrast to other cell types, specific knockdown of CKB did not grossly affect actin polymerization in myotubes, suggesting other muscle-specific roles for CKB. Interestingly, knockdown of CKB resulted in significantly increased myoblast fusion and myotube size in vitro, whereas knockdown of creatine kinase M had no effect on these myogenic parameters. Our results suggest that localized CKB plays a key role in myotube formation by limiting myoblast fusion during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Simionescu-Bankston
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Christophe Pichavant
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - James P Canner
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Luciano H Apponi
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Craig Steeds
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - John T Olthoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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40
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Ca2+-dependent regulations and signaling in skeletal muscle: from electro-mechanical coupling to adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1066-95. [PMID: 25569087 PMCID: PMC4307291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in almost all cellular processes and ensures the functionality of an organism. In skeletal muscle fibers, Ca(2+) is critically involved in the innervation of skeletal muscle fibers that results in the exertion of an action potential along the muscle fiber membrane, the prerequisite for skeletal muscle contraction. Furthermore and among others, Ca(2+) regulates also intracellular processes, such as myosin-actin cross bridging, protein synthesis, protein degradation and fiber type shifting by the control of Ca(2+)-sensitive proteases and transcription factors, as well as mitochondrial adaptations, plasticity and respiration. These data highlight the overwhelming significance of Ca(2+) ions for the integrity of skeletal muscle tissue. In this review, we address the major functions of Ca(2+) ions in adult muscle but also highlight recent findings of critical Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms essential for skeletal muscle-regulation and maintenance.
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Zhang BT, Yeung SS, Cheung KK, Chai ZY, Yeung EW. Adaptive responses of TRPC1 and TRPC3 during skeletal muscle atrophy and regrowth. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:691-9. [PMID: 23852583 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed the time-dependent changes of transient receptor potential canonical type 1 (TRPC1) and TRPC3 expression and localization associated with muscle atrophy and regrowth in vivo. METHODS Mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading for 7 or 14 days (7U, 14U) followed by 3, 7, or 14 days of reloading (3R, 7R, 14R). RESULTS Soleus muscle mass and tetanic force were reduced significantly at 7U and 14U and recovered by 14R. Recovery of muscle fiber cross-sectional area was observed by 28R. TRPC1 mRNA was unaltered during the unloading-reloading period. However, protein expression remained depressed through 14R. Decreased localization of TRPC1 to the sarcolemma was observed. TRPC3 mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased significantly during the early phase of reloading. CONCLUSIONS Given the known role of these channels in muscle development, changes observed in TRPC1 and TRPC3 may relate closely to muscle atrophy and remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ting Zhang
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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42
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Crocetti S, Beyer C, Unternährer S, Benavides Damm T, Schade-Kampmann G, Hebeisen M, Di Berardino M, Fröhlich J, Franco-Obregón A. Impedance flow cytometry gauges proliferative capacity by detecting TRPC1 expression. Cytometry A 2014; 85:525-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Beyer
- Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology Group, Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics; ETH Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Tatiana Benavides Damm
- Institute for Biomechanics; ETH Zürich Switzerland
- CC Aerospace Biomedical Science & Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzern University of Applied Sciences and Arts; Hergiswil Switzerland
| | | | - Monika Hebeisen
- Leister Process Technologies; Axetris Division; Kaegiswil Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Fröhlich
- Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology Group, Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics; ETH Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Institute for Biomechanics; ETH Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
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43
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Wan L, Ma J, Xu G, Wang D, Wang N. Molecular cloning, structural analysis and tissue expression of protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene in Tianfu goat muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2346-58. [PMID: 24514563 PMCID: PMC3958854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle fiber type. However, little information is available concerning the expression of calcineurin in goat. Therefore, protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene, also called calcineurin Aα, was cloned and its expression characterized in Tianfu goat muscle. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that Tianfu goat PPP3CA was detected in cardiac muscle, biceps femoris muscle, abdominal muscle, longissimus dors muscle, and soleus muscle. High expression levels were found in biceps femoris muscle, longissimus muscle and abdominal muscle (p < 0.01), and low expression levels were seen in cardiac muscle and soleus muscle (p > 0.05). In addition, the spatial-temporal mRNA expression levels showed different variation trends in different muscles with the age of the goats. Western blotting further revealed that PPP3CA protein was expressed in the above-mentioned tissues, with the highest level in biceps femoris muscle, and the lowest level in soleus muscle. In this study, we isolated the full-length coding sequence of Tianfu goat PPP3CA gene, analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression in different muscle tissues from different age stages. These results provide a foundation for understanding the function of the PPP3CA gene in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jisi Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gangyi Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Daihua Wang
- Mianyang Agriculture Bureau, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nianlu Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
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Chang PY, Wu ZZ, Sun NK, Chao CCK. EBV-encoded LMP-1 sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to genotoxic drugs by down-regulating Cabin1 expression. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:309-22. [PMID: 23939952 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the pathogenesis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lymphoma. We and other authors have shown earlier that LMP1 induces apoptosis and inhibits xenograft tumor growth in mice, but the mechanism underlying these processes has not been investigated so far. In the present study, we show that knockdown of LMP1 renders the EBV-positive NPC cell line CG-1 resistant to various genotoxic drugs (cisplatin, etoposide, and adriamycin). LMP1 inhibits the expression of Cabin1, a Ca(2+) regulated protein shown earlier to inhibit calcineurin. Knockdown of calcineurin binding protein (Cabin1) with small hairpin RNA sensitizes CG-1 cells to genotoxic drugs. In contrast, LMP1 overexpression reduces Cabin1 level and renders both CG-1 cells and EBV-negative NPC cell lines sensitive to cisplatin. The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK pathways are required for LMP1-induced suppression of Cabin1 at the transcriptional level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further confirm that the JNK-activated transcription factor AP-1 mediates the LMP1-induced down-regulation of Cabin1 gene expression. LMP1 knockdown also increases the resistance of xenograph tumors to cisplatin in mice, therefore confirming the relevance of our findings in vivo. This study reveals the molecular mechanism underlying the pro-apoptotic activity of LMP1 during cisplatin-based NPC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yuan Chang
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Adams GR, Bamman MM. Characterization and regulation of mechanical loading-induced compensatory muscle hypertrophy. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:2829-70. [PMID: 23720267 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian systems, skeletal muscle exists in a dynamic state that monitors and regulates the physiological investment in muscle size to meet the current level of functional demand. This review attempts to consolidate current knowledge concerning development of the compensatory hypertrophy that occurs in response to a sustained increase in the mechanical loading of skeletal muscle. Topics covered include: defining and measuring compensatory hypertrophy, experimental models, loading stimulus parameters, acute responses to increased loading, hyperplasia, myofiber-type adaptations, the involvement of satellite cells, mRNA translational control, mechanotransduction, and endocrinology. The authors conclude with their impressions of current knowledge gaps in the field that are ripe for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle maintenance involve interplay between multiple signaling pathways. Under normal physiological conditions, a network of interconnected signals serves to control and coordinate hypertrophic and atrophic messages, culminating in a delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis. Loss of skeletal muscle mass, termed "atrophy", is a diagnostic feature of cachexia seen in settings of cancer, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, and burns. Cachexia increases the likelihood of death from these already serious diseases. Recent studies have further defined the pathways leading to gain and loss of skeletal muscle as well as the signaling events that induce differentiation and post-injury regeneration, which are also essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. In this review, we summarize and discuss the relevant recent literature demonstrating these previously undiscovered mediators governing anabolism and catabolism of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Egerman
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, MA , USA
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Calcineurin: a poorly understood regulator of muscle mass. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2173-8. [PMID: 23838168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review will discuss the existing literature that has examined the role of calcineurin (CnA) in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in conditions associated with hypertrophic growth or atrophy. Muscle mass is determined by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation which is controlled by a number of intracellular signaling pathways, most notably the insulin/IGF/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt system. Despite being activated by IGF-1 and having well-described functions in the determination of muscle fiber phenotypes, calcineurin (CnA), a Ca(2+)-activated serine/threonine phosphatase, and its downstream signaling partners have garnered little attention as a regulator of muscle mass. Compared to other signaling pathways, the relatively few studies that have examined the role of CnA in the regulation of muscle size have produced discordant results. The reasons for these differences is not obvious but may be due to the selective nature of the genetic models studied, fluctuations in the endogenous level of CnA activity in various muscles, and the variable use of CnA inhibitors to inhibit CnA signaling. Despite the inconsistent nature of the outcomes, there is sufficient direct and indirect evidence to conclude that CnA plays a role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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Wang Y, Shankar SR, Kher D, Ling BMT, Taneja R. Sumoylation of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor sharp-1 regulates recruitment of the histone methyltransferase G9a and function in myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17654-62. [PMID: 23637228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is an important post-translational modification that alters the activity of many transcription factors. However, the mechanisms that link sumoylation to alterations in chromatin structure, which culminate in tissue specific gene expression, are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that SUMO modification of the transcription factor Sharp-1 is required for its full transcriptional repression activity and function as an inhibitor of skeletal muscle differentiation. Sharp-1 is modified by sumoylation at two conserved lysine residues 240 and 255. Mutation of these SUMO acceptor sites in Sharp-1 does not impact its subcellular localization but attenuates its ability to act as a transcriptional repressor and inhibit myogenic differentiation. Consistently, co-expression of the SUMO protease SENP1 with wild type Sharp-1 abrogates Sharp-1-dependent inhibition of myogenesis. Interestingly, sumoylation acts as a signal for recruitment of the co-repressor G9a. Thus, enrichment of G9a, and histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), a signature of G9a activity, is dramatically reduced at muscle promoters in cells expressing sumoylation-defective Sharp-1. Our findings demonstrate how sumoylation of Sharp-1 exerts an impact on chromatin structure and transcriptional repression of muscle gene expression through recruitment of G9a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaju Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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Valdés JA, Flores S, Fuentes EN, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Jaimovich E, Molina A. IGF-1 induces IP3-dependent calcium signal involved in the regulation of myostatin gene expression mediated by NFAT during myoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1452-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle in mammals is a stable tissue under normal circumstances but has remarkable ability to repair after injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular responses. As skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells play an indispensible role in this process. The self-renewing proliferation of satellite cells not only maintains the stem cell population but also provides numerous myogenic cells, which proliferate, differentiate, fuse, and lead to new myofiber formation and reconstitution of a functional contractile apparatus. The complex behavior of satellite cells during skeletal muscle regeneration is tightly regulated through the dynamic interplay between intrinsic factors within satellite cells and extrinsic factors constituting the muscle stem cell niche/microenvironment. For the last half century, the advance of molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics has greatly improved our understanding of skeletal muscle biology. Here, we review some recent advances, with focuses on functions of satellite cells and their niche during the process of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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