1
|
Colella A, Biondi G, Marrano N, Francioso E, Fracassi L, Crovace AM, Recchia A, Natalicchio A, Paradies P. Generation of Insulin-Producing Cells from Canine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Preliminary Study. Vet Sci 2024; 11:380. [PMID: 39195834 PMCID: PMC11359947 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy using insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is anticipated as an alternative treatment option to insulin injection or pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in both human and veterinary medicine. Several protocols were reported for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into IPCs; to date, glucose-responsive IPCs have only been obtained from canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs), but not from canine bone marrow-derived MSCs (cBM-MSCs). Therefore, this study aims to generate in vitro glucose-responsive IPCs from cBM-MSCs using two differentiation protocols: a two-step protocol using trichostatin (TSA) and a three-step protocol using mercaptoethanol to induce pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 (PDX-1) expression. A single experiment was carried out for each protocol. BM-MSCs from one dog were successfully cultured and expanded. Cells exposed to the two-step protocol appeared rarely grouped to form small clusters; gene expression analysis showed a slight increase in PDX-1 and insulin expression, but no insulin protein production nor secretion in the culture medium was detected either under basal conditions or following glucose stimulation. Conversely, cells exposed to the three-step protocol under a 3D culture system formed colony-like structures; insulin gene expression was upregulated compared to undifferentiated control and IPCs colonies secreted insulin in the culture medium, although insulin secretion was not enhanced by high-glucose culture conditions. The single experiment results suggest that the three-step differentiation protocol could generate IPCs from cBM-MSCs; however, further experiments are needed to confirm these data. The ability of IPCs from cBM- MSCs to produce insulin, described here for the first time, is a preliminary interesting result. Nevertheless, the IPCs' unresponsiveness to glucose, if confirmed, would affect its clinical application. Further studies are necessary to establish a differentiation protocol in this perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Colella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (E.F.); (L.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.B.); (N.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Nicola Marrano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.B.); (N.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Edda Francioso
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (E.F.); (L.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Laura Fracassi
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (E.F.); (L.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto M. Crovace
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Recchia
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (E.F.); (L.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.B.); (N.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Paola Paradies
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (E.F.); (L.F.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghasemi Gojani E, Rai S, Norouzkhani F, Shujat S, Wang B, Li D, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Targeting β-Cell Plasticity: A Promising Approach for Diabetes Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7621-7667. [PMID: 39057094 PMCID: PMC11275945 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The β-cells within the pancreas play a pivotal role in insulin production and secretion, responding to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. However, factors like obesity, dietary habits, and prolonged insulin resistance can compromise β-cell function, contributing to the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). A critical aspect of this dysfunction involves β-cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation, wherein these cells lose their specialized characteristics and adopt different identities, notably transitioning towards progenitor or other pancreatic cell types like α-cells. This process significantly contributes to β-cell malfunction and the progression of T2D, often surpassing the impact of outright β-cell loss. Alterations in the expressions of specific genes and transcription factors unique to β-cells, along with epigenetic modifications and environmental factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, underpin the occurrence of β-cell dedifferentiation and the onset of T2D. Recent research underscores the potential therapeutic value for targeting β-cell dedifferentiation to manage T2D effectively. In this review, we aim to dissect the intricate mechanisms governing β-cell dedifferentiation and explore the therapeutic avenues stemming from these insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Parajuli KR, Fonseca VA, Wu H. PAX4 gene delivery improves β-cell function in human islets of Type II diabetes. Regen Med 2024; 19:239-246. [PMID: 39118533 PMCID: PMC11321267 DOI: 10.1080/17460751.2024.2343538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Type II diabetes (T2D) stems from insulin resistance, with β-cell dysfunction as a hallmark in its progression. Studies reveal that β cells undergo apoptosis or dedifferentiation during T2D development. The transcription factor PAX4 is vital for β differentiation and survival, thus may be a potential enhancer of β-cell function in T2D islets. Materials & methods: Human PAX4 cDNA was delivered into T2D human islets with an adenoviral vector, and its effects on β cells were examined. Results: PAX4 gene delivery significantly improved β-cell survival, and increased β-cell composition in the T2D human islets. Basal insulin and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in PAX4-expressing islets were substantially higher than untreated or control-treated T2D human islets. Conclusion: Introduced PAX4 expression in T2D human islets improves β-cell function, thus could provide therapeutic benefits for T2D treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Keshab R Parajuli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongju Wu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narayan G, Ronima K R, Agrawal A, Thummer RP. An Insight into Vital Genes Responsible for β-cell Formation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:1-27. [PMID: 37432546 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, when disturbed, will result in diabetes mellitus. Replacement of dysfunctional or lost β-cells with fully functional ones can tackle the problem of β-cell generation in diabetes mellitus. Various pancreatic-specific genes are expressed during different stages of development, which have essential roles in pancreatogenesis and β-cell formation. These factors play a critical role in cellular-based studies like transdifferentiation or de-differentiation of somatic cells to multipotent or pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into functional β-cells. This work gives an overview of crucial transcription factors expressed during various stages of pancreas development and their role in β-cell specification. In addition, it also provides a perspective on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ronima K R
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Akriti Agrawal
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Narayan G, Agrawal A, Sen P, Nagotu S, Thummer RP. Production of Bioactive Human PAX4 Protein from E. coli. Protein J 2023; 42:766-777. [PMID: 37552387 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Paired box 4 (PAX4) is a pivotal transcription factor involved in pancreatogenesis during embryogenesis, and in adults, it is key for β-cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, PAX4 also functions as a tumor suppressor protein in human melanomas. The present study demonstrates the production of bioactive recombinant human PAX4 transcription factor. At first, the inserts (PAX4 protein-coding sequence having tags at either ends) were cloned in an expression vector to give rise to pET28a(+)-HTN-PAX4 and pET28a(+)-PAX4-NTH genetic constructs, and these were then transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) for their expression. The HTN-PAX4 and PAX4-NTH fusion proteins produced were purified with a yield of ~ 3.15 mg and ~ 0.83 mg, respectively, from 1.2 L E. coli culture. Further, the secondary structure retention of the PAX4 fusion proteins and their potential to internalize the mammalian cell and its nucleus was demonstrated. The bioactivity of these fusion proteins was investigated using various assays (cell migration, cell proliferation and cell cycle assays), demonstrating it to function as a tumor suppressor protein. Thus, this macromolecule can prospectively help understand the function of human PAX4 in cellular processes, disease-specific investigations and direct cellular reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Akriti Agrawal
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Plaboni Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lau HH, Krentz NAJ, Abaitua F, Perez-Alcantara M, Chan JW, Ajeian J, Ghosh S, Lee Y, Yang J, Thaman S, Champon B, Sun H, Jha A, Hoon S, Tan NS, Gardner DSL, Kao SL, Tai ES, Gloyn AL, Teo AKK. PAX4 loss of function increases diabetes risk by altering human pancreatic endocrine cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6119. [PMID: 37777536 PMCID: PMC10542369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding variant (p.Arg192His) in the transcription factor PAX4 is associated with an altered risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. In mice, Pax4 is essential for beta cell formation but its role on human beta cell development and/or function is unknown. Participants carrying the PAX4 p.His192 allele exhibited decreased pancreatic beta cell function compared to homozygotes for the p.192Arg allele in a cross-sectional study in which we carried out an intravenous glucose tolerance test and an oral glucose tolerance test. In a pedigree of a patient with young onset diabetes, several members carry a newly identified p.Tyr186X allele. In the human beta cell model, EndoC-βH1, PAX4 knockdown led to impaired insulin secretion, reduced total insulin content, and altered hormone gene expression. Deletion of PAX4 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet-like cells resulted in derepression of alpha cell gene expression. In vitro differentiation of hiPSCs carrying PAX4 p.His192 and p.X186 risk alleles exhibited increased polyhormonal endocrine cell formation and reduced insulin content that can be reversed with gene correction. Together, we demonstrate the role of PAX4 in human endocrine cell development, beta cell function, and its contribution to T2D-risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fernando Abaitua
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jun-Wei Chan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jila Ajeian
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunkyeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Swaraj Thaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoite Champon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Han Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alokkumar Jha
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shih Ling Kao
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou GH, Tao M, Wang Q, Chen XY, Liu J, Zhang LL. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 9 or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A case report and review of literature. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1137-1145. [PMID: 37547587 PMCID: PMC10401456 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic genetic disease often clinically misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. MODY type 9 (MODY9) is a rare subtype caused by mutations in the PAX4 gene. Currently, there are limited reports on PAX4-MODY, and its clinical characteristics and treatments are still unclear. In this report, we described a Chinese patient with high autoimmune antibodies, hyperglycemia and a site mutation in the PAX4 gene.
CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old obese woman suffered diabetes ketoacidosis after consuming substantial amounts of beverages. She had never had diabetes before, and no one in her family had it. However, her autoantibody tested positive, and she managed her blood glucose within the normal range for 6 mo through lifestyle inter-ventions. Later, her blood glucose gradually increased. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on her family. The results revealed that she and her mother had a heterozygous mutation in the PAX4 gene (c.314G>A, p.R105H), but her daughter did not. The patient is currently taking liraglutide (1.8 mg/d), and her blood glucose levels are under control. Previous cases were retrieved from PubMed to investigate the relationship between PAX4 gene mutations and diabetes.
CONCLUSION We reported the first case of a PAX4 gene heterozygous mutation site (c.314G>A, p.R105H), which does not appear pathogenic to MODY9 but may facilitate the progression of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mu-U-Min RBA, Diane A, Allouch A, Al-Siddiqi HH. Ca 2+-Mediated Signaling Pathways: A Promising Target for the Successful Generation of Mature and Functional Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1577. [PMID: 37371672 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting over 500 million adults globally and is mainly categorized as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where pancreatic beta cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by beta cell dysfunction. This review highlights the importance of the divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) and its associated signaling pathways in the proper functioning of beta cells and underlines the effects of Ca2+ dysfunction on beta cell function and its implications for the onset of diabetes. Great interest and promise are held by human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology to generate functional pancreatic beta cells from diabetic patient-derived stem cells to replace the dysfunctional cells, thereby compensating for insulin deficiency and reducing the comorbidities of the disease and its associated financial and social burden on the patient and society. Beta-like cells generated by most current differentiation protocols have blunted functionality compared to their adult human counterparts. The Ca2+ dynamics in stem cell-derived beta-like cells and adult beta cells are summarized in this review, revealing the importance of proper Ca2+ homeostasis in beta-cell function. Consequently, the importance of targeting Ca2+ function in differentiation protocols is suggested to improve current strategies to use hPSCs to generate mature and functional beta-like cells with a comparable glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) profile to adult beta cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razik Bin Abdul Mu-U-Min
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Heba H Al-Siddiqi
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ko J, Fonseca VA, Wu H. Pax4 in Health and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098283. [PMID: 37175989 PMCID: PMC10179455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired box 4 (Pax4) is a key transcription factor involved in the embryonic development of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Consisting of a conserved paired box domain and a homeodomain, this transcription factor plays an essential role in early endocrine progenitor cells, where it is necessary for cell-fate commitment towards the insulin-secreting β cell lineage. Knockout of Pax4 in animal models leads to the absence of β cells, which is accompanied by a significant increase in glucagon-producing α cells, and typically results in lethality within days after birth. Mutations in Pax4 that cause an impaired Pax4 function are associated with diabetes pathogenesis in humans. In adulthood, Pax4 expression is limited to a distinct subset of β cells that possess the ability to proliferate in response to heightened metabolic needs. Upregulation of Pax4 expression is known to promote β cell survival and proliferation. Additionally, ectopic expression of Pax4 in pancreatic islet α cells or δ cells has been found to generate functional β-like cells that can improve blood glucose regulation in experimental diabetes models. Therefore, Pax4 represents a promising therapeutic target for the protection and regeneration of β cells in the treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to provide a thorough and up-to-date overview of the role of Pax4 in pancreatic β cells and its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Ko
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongju Wu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barber CV, Yo JH, Rahman RA, Wallace EM, Palmer KR, Marshall SA. Activin A and pathologies of pregnancy: a review. Placenta 2023; 136:35-41. [PMID: 37028223 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Activin A is a two-subunit protein belonging to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. First discovered almost three decades ago, it has since been implicated in diverse physiological roles, ranging from wound repair to reproduction. After 30 years of research, altered activin A levels are now understood to be associated with the development of various diseases, making activin A a potential therapeutic target. In pregnancy, the placenta and fetal membranes are major producers of activin A, with significantly enhanced serum concentrations now recognised as a contributor to numerous gestational disorders. Evidence now suggests that circulating levels of activin A may be clinically relevant in the early detection of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage and preeclampsia. This review aims to summarise our current understanding of activin A as a potential diagnostic marker in common pregnancy pathologies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Perez-Serna AA, Dos Santos RS, Ripoll C, Nadal A, Eizirik DL, Marroqui L. BCL-XL Overexpression Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against Cytokine- and Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5657. [PMID: 36982731 PMCID: PMC10056015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects glucose metabolism, either by autoimmune-driven β-cell loss or by the progressive loss of β-cell function, due to continued metabolic stresses. Although both α- and β-cells are exposed to the same stressors, such as proinflammatory cytokines and saturated free fatty acids (e.g., palmitate), only α-cells survive. We previously reported that the abundant expression of BCL-XL, an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family of proteins, is part of the α-cell defense mechanism against palmitate-induced cell death. Here, we investigated whether BCL-XL overexpression could protect β-cells against the apoptosis induced by proinflammatory and metabolic insults. For this purpose, BCL-XL was overexpressed in two β-cell lines-namely, rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E and human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells-using adenoviral vectors. We observed that the BCL-XL overexpression in INS-1E cells was slightly reduced in intracellular Ca2+ responses and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas these effects were not observed in the human EndoC-βH1 cells. In INS-1E cells, BCL-XL overexpression partially decreased cytokine- and palmitate-induced β-cell apoptosis (around 40% protection). On the other hand, the overexpression of BCL-XL markedly protected EndoC-βH1 cells against the apoptosis triggered by these insults (>80% protection). Analysis of the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers suggests that resistance to the cytokine and palmitate conferred by BCL-XL overexpression might be, at least in part, due to the alleviation of ER stress. Altogether, our data indicate that BCL-XL plays a dual role in β-cells, participating both in cellular processes related to β-cell physiology and in fostering survival against pro-apoptotic insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atenea A. Perez-Serna
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Reinaldo S. Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Younis H, Ha SE, Jorgensen BG, Verma A, Ro S. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: Mutations, Physiological Consequences, and Treatment Options. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111762. [PMID: 36573710 PMCID: PMC9697644 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a rare form of diabetes which affects between 1% and 5% of diagnosed diabetes cases. Clinical characterizations of MODY include onset of diabetes at an early age (before the age of 30), autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, impaired glucose-induced secretion of insulin, and hyperglycemia. Presently, 14 MODY subtypes have been identified. Within these subtypes are several mutations which contribute to the different MODY phenotypes. Despite the identification of these 14 subtypes, MODY is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus due to an overlap in clinical features, high cost and limited availability of genetic testing, and unfamiliarity with MODY outside of the medical profession. The primary aim of this review is to investigate the genetic characterization of the MODY subtypes. Additionally, this review will elucidate the link between the genetics, function, and clinical manifestations of MODY in each of the 14 subtypes. In providing this knowledge, we hope to assist in the accurate diagnosis of MODY patients and, subsequently, in ensuring they receive appropriate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazar Younis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Brian G. Jorgensen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Arushi Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- RosVivo Therapeutics, Applied Research Facility, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel R, Parmar N, Rathwa N, Palit SP, Li Y, Garcia-Ocaña A, Begum R. A novel therapeutic combination of sitagliptin and melatonin regenerates pancreatic β-cells in mouse and human islets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119263. [PMID: 35364117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune-led challenge resulting in β-cell loss is responsible for the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melatonin, a pineal hormone or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, has increased β-cell mass in various diabetic models and has immunoregulatory property. Both β-cell regenerative capacity and melatonin secretion decrease with ageing. Thus, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of melatonin combined with sitagliptin on β-cell regeneration under glucotoxic stress, in the streptozotocin-induced young and old diabetic mouse models, and euglycemic humanized islet transplant mouse model. Our results suggest that combination therapy of sitagliptin and melatonin show an additive effect in inducing mouse β-cell regeneration under glucotoxic stress, and in the human islet transplant mouse model. Further, in the young diabetic mouse model, the monotherapies induce β-cell transdifferentiation and reduce β-cell apoptosis whereas, in the old diabetic mouse model, melatonin and sitagliptin induce β-cell proliferation and β-cell transdifferentiation, and it also reduces β-cell apoptosis. Further, in both the models, combination therapy reduces fasting blood glucose levels, increases plasma insulin levels and glucose tolerance and promotes β-cell proliferation, β-cell transdifferentiation, and reduces β-cell apoptosis. It can be concluded that combination therapy is superior to monotherapies in ameliorating diabetic manifestations, and it can be used as a future therapy for β-cell regeneration in diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirali Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani Pramanik Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Yansui Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iida R, Ueki M, Yasuda T. Deficiency of M-LP/Mpv17L leads to development of β-cell hyperplasia and improved glucose tolerance via activation of the Wnt and TGF-β pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166318. [PMID: 34883249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
M-LP/Mpv17L is a protein that was initially identified during screening of age-dependently expressed genes in mice. We have recently demonstrated that M-LP/Mpv17L-knockout (M-LP/Mpv17L-KO) in human hepatoma cells leads to a reduction of cellular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, and that in vitro-synthesized M-LP/Mpv17L possesses PDE activity. These findings suggest that M-LP/Mpv17L functions as an atypical PDE, even though it has none of the well-conserved catalytic region or other structural motifs characteristic of the PDE family. In this study, we found that M-LP/Mpv17L-KO mice developed β-cell hyperplasia and improved glucose tolerance. Deficiency of M-LP/Mpv17L in islets from KO mice at early postnatal stages or siRNA-mediated suppression of M-LP/Mpv17L in rat insulinoma cells led to marked upregulation of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (Lef1) and transcription factor 7 (Tcf7), key nuclear effectors in the Wnt signaling pathway, and some of the factors essential for the development and maintenance of β-cells. Moreover, at the protein level, increases in the levels of phosphorylated β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were observed, indicating activation of the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylations of β-catenin and GSK-3β, the key mediators of the Wnt and/or TGF-β signaling pathways, are the most upstream events triggering β-cell hyperplasia and improved glucose tolerance caused by M-LP/Mpv17L deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Iida
- Life Science Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Misuzu Ueki
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yasuda
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parajuli KR, Zhang Y, Cao AM, Wang H, Fonseca VA, Wu H. Pax4 Gene Delivery Improves Islet Transplantation Efficacy by Promoting β Cell Survival and α-to-β Cell Transdifferentiation. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720958655. [PMID: 33086892 PMCID: PMC7784573 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720958655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax4 plays an essential role in the development of insulin-producing β cells in pancreatic islets. Ectopic Pax4 expression not only promotes β cell survival but also induces α-to-β cell transdifferentiation. This dual functionality of Pax4 makes it an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we demonstrated that Pax4 gene delivery by an adenoviral vector, Ad5.Pax4, improved β cell function of mouse and human islets by promoting islet cell survival and α-to-β cell transdifferentiation, as assessed by multiple viability assays and lineage-tracing analysis. We then explored the therapeutic benefits of Pax4 gene delivery in the context of islet transplantation using T1D mouse models. Both mouse-to-mouse and human-to-mouse islet transplantation, via either kidney capsule or portal vein, were examined. In all settings, Ad5.Pax4-treated donor islets (mouse or human) showed substantially better therapeutic outcomes. These results suggest that Pax4 gene delivery into donor islets may be considered as an adjunct therapy for islet transplantation, which can either improve the therapeutic outcome of islet transplantation using the same amount of donor islets or allow the use of fewer donor islets to achieve normoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshab R Parajuli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander M Cao
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hongju Wu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akunuri R, Vadakattu M, Bujji S, Veerareddy V, Madhavi YV, Nanduri S. Fused-azepinones: Emerging scaffolds of medicinal importance. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113445. [PMID: 33901899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hymenialdisine an alkaloid of oroidin class has drawn the attention of researchers owing to its unique structural features and interesting biological properties. Hymenialdisine exhibited promising inhibitory activity against a number of therapeutically important kinases viz., CDKs, GSK-3β etc., and showed anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, neuroprotective, anti-fouling, anti-plasmodium properties. Hymenialdisine and other structurally related oroidin alkaloids such as dibromo-hymenialdisine, stevensine, hymenin, axinohydantoin, spongicidines A-D, latonduines and callyspongisines contain pyrrolo[2,3-c] azepin-8-one core in common. Keeping in view of the interesting structural and therapeutic features of HMD, several structural modifications were carried around the fused-azepinone core which resulted in a number of diverse structural motifs like indolo-azepinones, paullones, aza-paullones, darpones and 5,7-dihydro-6H-benzo[b]pyrimido[4,5-d] azepin-6-one. In this review, an attempt is made to collate and review the structures of diverse hymenialdisine and related fused-azepinones of synthetic/natural origin and their biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Manasa Vadakattu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Sushmitha Bujji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Vaishnavi Veerareddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lorenzo PI, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Martín-Vázquez E, López-Noriega L, Gauthier BR. Harnessing the Endogenous Plasticity of Pancreatic Islets: A Feasible Regenerative Medicine Therapy for Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4239. [PMID: 33921851 PMCID: PMC8073058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency in functional pancreatic β-cells that leads to defective control of blood glucose. Current treatments for diabetes, despite their great beneficial effects on clinical symptoms, are not curative treatments, leading to a chronic dependence on insulin throughout life that does not prevent the secondary complications associated with diabetes. The overwhelming increase in DM incidence has led to a search for novel antidiabetic therapies aiming at the regeneration of the lost functional β-cells to allow the re-establishment of the endogenous glucose homeostasis. Here we review several aspects that must be considered for the development of novel and successful regenerative therapies for diabetes: first, the need to maintain the heterogeneity of islet β-cells with several subpopulations of β-cells characterized by different transcriptomic profiles correlating with differences in functionality and in resistance/behavior under stress conditions; second, the existence of an intrinsic islet plasticity that allows stimulus-mediated transcriptome alterations that trigger the transdifferentiation of islet non-β-cells into β-cells; and finally, the possibility of using agents that promote a fully functional/mature β-cell phenotype to reduce and reverse the process of dedifferentiation of β-cells during diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra I. Lorenzo
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Eugenia Martín-Vázquez
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 028029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanchez Caballero L, Gorgogietas V, Arroyo MN, Igoillo-Esteve M. Molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and death in monogenic forms of diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:139-256. [PMID: 33832649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The severity of their symptoms depends on the nature of the mutation, the function of the affected gene and, in some cases, the influence of additional genetic or environmental factors that modulate severity and penetrance. In some patients, diabetes is accompanied by other syndromic features such as deafness, blindness, microcephaly, liver and intestinal defects, among others. The age of diabetes onset may also vary from neonatal until early adulthood manifestations. Since the different mutations result in diverse clinical presentations, patients usually need different treatments that range from just diet and exercise, to the requirement of exogenous insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas or glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs to control their glycemia. As a consequence, awareness and correct diagnosis are crucial for the proper management and treatment of monogenic diabetes patients. In this chapter, we describe mutations causing different monogenic forms of diabetes associated with inadequate pancreas development or impaired β-cell function and survival, and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in β-cell demise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez Caballero
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Maria Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma X, Jain NM, Hitscherich P, Seetamraju S, Lee EJ. Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Producing Cells in 3D Engineered Tissue in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1182-1191. [PMID: 33218288 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To circumvent the lack of donor pancreas, insulin-producing cells (IPCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells emerged as a viable cell source for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. While it has been shown that IPCs can be derived from pluripotent stem cells using various protocols, the long-term viability and functional stability of IPCs in vitro remains a challenge. Thus, the principles of three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering and a perfusion flow bioreactor were used in this study to establish 3D microenvironment suitable for long-term in vitro culture of IPCs-derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. It was observed that in static 3D culture of IPCs, the viability decreased gradually with longer time in culture. However, when a low flow (0.02 mL/min) was continuously applied to 3D IPC containing tissues, enhanced survival and function of IPCs were demonstrated. IPCs cultured under low flow exhibited a significantly enhanced glucose responsiveness and upregulation of Ins1 compared to that of static culture. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of 3D engineered tissue environment combined with perfusion flow in vitro for culturing stem cell-derived IPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Neha M Jain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pamela Hitscherich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sahiti Seetamraju
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao A, Gu B, Zhang J, Fang C, Su J, Li H, Han R, Ye L, Wang W, Ning G, Wang J, Gu W. Missense Variants in PAX4 Are Associated with Early-Onset Diabetes in Chinese. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:289-300. [PMID: 33216280 PMCID: PMC7843779 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION East Asians are more susceptible to early-onset diabetes than Europeans and exhibit reduced insulin secretion at earlier stages. PAX4 plays a critical role in the development of β-cells. The dysfunction-missense variants PAX4 R192H and PAX4 R192S are common in East Asians but rare in Europeans. Therefore, we aim to investigate the diabetes-associated genes, including PAX4 R192H/S, in East Asians with early-onset diabetes. METHODS Exome variants of 80 Chinese early-onset diabetes patients (onset age < 35 years) after the exclusion of type 1 diabetes (T1D) were detected by a customized gene panel covering 32 known diabetes-associated genes. Then, 229 subjects with early-onset diabetes (T1D excluded) and 1679 controls from the Chinese population were genotyped to validate the association of PAX4 R192H/S with early-onset diabetes and related phenotypes. RESULTS The gene panel detected 11 monogenic diabetes patients with five novel mutations among the 80 early-onset diabetes patients. Asian-specifically enriched PAX4 R192H and R192S were associated with early-onset diabetes (R192H: OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.37-2.60, P = 8.41 × 10-5; R192S: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.17-2.51, P = 0.005). In early-onset diabetes patients, PAX4 R192H carriers had higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (P = 0.030) and lower 2 h C-peptide levels in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (P = 0.040); R192S carriers had lower fasting C-peptide (FCP) (P = 0.011) and 2 h C-peptide levels (P = 0.033) in OGTT than non-variant carriers. CONCLUSIONS The ethnic-specific enrichment of PAX4 R192H/S predisposing East Asians to early-onset diabetes with decreased C-peptide levels may be one explanation of the discrepancy of diabetes between East Asians and Europeans. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01938365).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aibo Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chen Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, 215004, China
| | - Junlei Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haorong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rulai Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bouzoni E, Perakakis N, Mantzoros CS. Circulating profile of Activin-Follistatin-Inhibin Axis in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea in response to leptin treatment. Metabolism 2020; 113:154392. [PMID: 33045195 PMCID: PMC7680407 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic energy deficiency observed in women that exercise strenuously affects reproductive function, often leading to hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA). In such conditions, hypoleptinemia and robust changes in the Activin-Follistatin-Inhibin Axis (AFI) are observed. Treatment with leptin restores menstruation in many (60% responders) but not all (40% non-responders) women, suggesting that leptin is not the only regulator of reproductive function related to energy balance. In this work, we aimed to identify differences in hormonal profiles between leptin responders and non-responders among women with HA, with particular focus on the AFI axis. METHODS AFI axis and reproductive hormones (LH, FSH, Estradiol, ΑΜΗ) were measured in blood in: a) An open-label interventional study, b) a randomized placebo-controlled trial, both investigating responders versus non-responders/women with HA treated with leptin. RESULTS Women with HA that responded to leptin treatment have higher circulating levels/peak values of Inhibin A, Estradiol (E2), higher LH/FSH ratio and a trend to lower AMH compared with non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Components of the AFI axis are associated with improvement of reproductive function in women with HA treated with leptin. ΑΜΗ may serve as a marker of ovarian recovery under HA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Bouzoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin WY, Liu YL, Yang AC, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH. Active Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With an Exacerbation of Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2819-2829. [PMID: 33004471 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The heritability levels of two traits for diabetes diagnosis, serum fasting glucose (FG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were estimated to be 51-62%. Studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes. It is important to uncover whether smoking may modify the genetic risk of diabetes. This study included unrelated Taiwan Biobank subjects in a discovery cohort (TWB1) of 25,460 subjects and a replication cohort (TWB2) of 58,774 subjects. Genetic risk score (GRS) of each TWB2 subject was calculated with weights retrieved from the TWB1 analyses. We then assessed the significance of GRS-smoking interactions on FG, HbA1c, and diabetes while adjusting for covariates. A total of five smoking measurements were investigated, including active smoking status, pack-years, years as a smoker, packs smoked per day, and hours as a passive smoker per week. Except for passive smoking, all smoking measurements were associated with FG, HbA1c, and diabetes (P < 0.0033) and were associated with an exacerbation of the genetic risk of FG and HbA1c (P Interaction < 0.0033). For example, each 1 SD increase in GRS is associated with a 1.68% higher FG in subjects consuming one more pack of cigarettes per day (P Interaction = 1.9 × 10-7). Smoking cessation is especially important for people who are more genetically predisposed to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Generation of Insulin-Producing Cells from Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8841865. [PMID: 33133196 PMCID: PMC7591982 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8841865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into nonmesodermal cells such as pancreatic beta cells has been reported. New cell-based therapy using MSCs for diabetes mellitus is anticipated as an alternative treatment option to insulin injection or islet transplantation in both human and veterinary medicine. Several protocols were reported for differentiation of MSCs into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), but no studies have reported IPCs generated from canine MSCs. The purpose of this study was to generate IPCs from canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) in vitro and to investigate the effects of IPC transplantation on diabetic mice in vivo. Culturing AT-MSCs with the differentiation protocol under a two-dimensional culture system did not produce IPCs. However, spheroid-like small clusters consisting of canine AT-MSCs and human recombinant peptide μ-pieces developed under a three-dimensional (3D) culture system were successfully differentiated into IPCs. The generated IPCs under 3D culture condition were stained with dithizone and anti-insulin antibody. Canine IPCs also showed gene expression typical for pancreatic beta cells and increased insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. The blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were decreased after injection with the supernatant of canine IPCs, but the hyperglycemic states of diabetic mice were not improved after transplanting IPCs subcutaneously or intramesenterically. The histological examination showed that the transplanted small clusters of IPCs were successfully engrafted to the mice and included cells positive for insulin by immunofluorescence. Several factors, such as the transplanted cell number, the origin of AT-MSCs, and the differentiation protocol, were considered potential reasons for the inability to improve the hyperglycemic state after IPC transplantation. These findings suggest that canine AT-MSCs can be differentiated into IPCs under a 3D culture system and IPC transplantation may be a new treatment option for dogs with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
24
|
Perge K, Eljaafari A. [Overexpression of PAX4 by gene therapy for type 1 diabetes treatment]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:458-460. [PMID: 32452366 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Perge
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital femme mère enfant, Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron Cedex, France. - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE U1397, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France Clinical Research Department, Hospices civils de Lyon, Centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France. - Do-it team, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bâtiment CENS-ELI, CHU Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
ZnT8 Haploinsufficiency Impacts MIN6 Cell Zinc Content and β-Cell Phenotype via ZIP-ZnT8 Coregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215485. [PMID: 31690008 PMCID: PMC6861948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc transporter ZnT8 (SLC30A8) localises to insulin secretory granules of β-cells where it facilitates zinc uptake for insulin crystallisation. ZnT8 abundance has been linked to β-cell survival and functional phenotype. However, the consequences of ZnT8 haploinsufficiency for β-cell zinc trafficking and function remain unclear. Since investigations in human populations have shown SLC30A8 truncating polymorphisms to decrease the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes, we hypothesised that ZnT8 haploinsufficiency would improve β-cell function and maintain the endocrine phenotype. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate ZnT8 haploinsufficient mouse MIN6 β-cells and showed that ZnT8 haploinsufficiency is associated with downregulation of mRNAs for Slc39a8 and Slc39a14, which encode for the zinc importers, Znt- and Irt-related proteins 8 (ZIP8) and 14 (ZIP14), and with lowered total cellular zinc content. ZnT8 haploinsufficiency disrupts expression of a distinct array of important β-cell markers, decreases cellular proliferation via mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades and downregulates insulin gene expression. Thus, ZnT8 cooperates with zinc importers of the ZIP family to maintain β-cell zinc homeostasis. In contrast to the hypothesis, lowered ZnT8 expression reduces MIN6 cell survival by affecting zinc-dependent transcription factors that control the β-cell phenotype.
Collapse
|
26
|
Huilgol D, Venkataramani P, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. Transcription Factors That Govern Development and Disease: An Achilles Heel in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E794. [PMID: 31614829 PMCID: PMC6826716 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development requires the careful orchestration of several biological events in order to create any structure and, eventually, to build an entire organism. On the other hand, the fate transformation of terminally differentiated cells is a consequence of erroneous development, and ultimately leads to cancer. In this review, we elaborate how development and cancer share several biological processes, including molecular controls. Transcription factors (TF) are at the helm of both these processes, among many others, and are evolutionarily conserved, ranging from yeast to humans. Here, we discuss four families of TFs that play a pivotal role and have been studied extensively in both embryonic development and cancer-high mobility group box (HMG), GATA, paired box (PAX) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in the context of their role in development, cancer, and their conservation across several species. Finally, we review TFs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer and reflect on the importance of natural resistance against cancer in certain organisms, yielding knowledge regarding TF function and cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Huilgol
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| | | | - Saikat Nandi
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| | - Sonali Bhattacharjee
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Panneerselvam A, Kannan A, Mariajoseph-Antony LF, Prahalathan C. PAX proteins and their role in pancreas. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 155:107792. [PMID: 31325538 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory factors that govern the expression of heritable information come in an array of flavors, chiefly with transcription factors, the proteins which bind to regions of specific genes and modulate gene transcription, subsequently altering cellular function. PAX transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins exerting its regulatory activity in many tissues. Notably, three members of the PAX family namely PAX2, PAX4 and PAX6 have emerged as crucial players at multiple steps of pancreatic development and differentiation and also play a pivotal role in the regulation of pancreatic islet hormones synthesis and secretion. Providing a comprehensive outline of these transcription factors and their primordial and divergent roles in the pancreas is far-reaching in contemporary diabetes research. Accordingly, this review furnishes an outline of the role of pancreatic specific PAX regulators in the development of the pancreas and its associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antojenifer Panneerselvam
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Arun Kannan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Lezy Flora Mariajoseph-Antony
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Chidambaram Prahalathan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee G, Jang H, Kim YY, Choe SS, Kong J, Hwang I, Park J, Im SS, Kim JB. SREBP1c-PAX4 Axis Mediates Pancreatic β-Cell Compensatory Responses Upon Metabolic Stress. Diabetes 2019; 68:81-94. [PMID: 30352876 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SREBP1c is a key transcription factor for de novo lipogenesis. Although SREBP1c is expressed in pancreatic islets, its physiological roles in pancreatic β-cells are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that SREBP1c regulates β-cell compensation under metabolic stress. SREBP1c expression level was augmented in pancreatic islets from obese and diabetic animals. In pancreatic β-cells, SREBP1c activation promoted the expression of cell cycle genes and stimulated β-cell proliferation through its novel target gene, PAX4 Compared with SREBP1c+/+ mice, SREBP1c-/- mice showed glucose intolerance with low insulin levels. Moreover, β-cells from SREBP1c-/- mice exhibited reduced capacity to proliferate and secrete insulin. Conversely, transplantation of SREBP1c-overexpressing islets restored insulin levels and relieved hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals. Collectively, these data suggest that pancreatic SREBP1c is a key player in mediating β-cell compensatory responses in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gung Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinuk Kong
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Injae Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lawson R, Maret W, Hogstrand C. Prolonged stimulation of insulin release from MIN6 cells causes zinc depletion and loss of β-cell markers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:51-59. [PMID: 29895372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is integral for the normal function of pancreatic β-cells in glycaemic control. Large amounts of zinc are secreted from β-cells following insulin exocytosis and regulated replenishment is required, which is thought to be mediated by the ZIP family of zinc importer proteins. Within Type 2 Diabetic patients, β-cells are stressed through prolonged stimulation by hyperglycaemia and this is thought to be a major factor contributing to loss of β-cell identity and mass. However, the consequences for the β-cell zinc status remain largely unexplored. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to show that 24 h treatment of MIN6 cells with potassium chloride, mimicking hyperglycaemic stimulation, reduces the total cellular zinc content 2.8-fold, and qPCR to show an increase in mRNA expression for metallothioneins (Mt1 and Mt2) following 4 and 24 h of stimulation, suggestive of an early rise in cytosolic zinc. To determine which ZIP paralogues may be responsible for zinc replenishment, we used immunocytochemistry, Western blot and qPCR to demonstrate initial ZIP1 protein upregulation proceeded by downregulation of mRNA coding for ZIP1, ZIP6, ZIP7 and ZIP14. To assign a biological significance to the decreased total cellular zinc content, we assessed expression of key β-cell markers to show downregulation of mRNA for MafA, Mnx-1, Nkx2.2 and Pax6. Our data suggest hyperglycaemia-induced zinc depletion may contribute to loss of β-cell markers and promote β-cell dedifferentiation through disrupting expression of key transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lawson
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sigmundsson K, Ojala JR, Öhman MK, Österholm AM, Moreno-Moral A, Domogatskaya A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Chai X, Steele JA, George B, Patarroyo M, Nilsson AS, Rodin S, Ghosh S, Stevens MM, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. Culturing functional pancreatic islets on α5-laminins and curative transplantation to diabetic mice. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:5-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
31
|
Karatug Kacar A, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Bolkent S. 4-Methylcatechol stimulates apoptosis and reduces insulin secretion by decreasing betacellulin and inhibin beta-A in INS-1 beta-cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1123-1130. [PMID: 29473434 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118758365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulinoma INS-1 cell line is a pancreatic beta cell tumor which is characterized with high insulin content and secretion in response to increasing glucose levels. 4-Methylcatechol (4-MC) is a metabolite of quercetin, which is known as a potential drug for inhibition of tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the applying doses of 4-methylcatechol (4-MC) for triggening cell death and decreasing the cell function of rat insulinoma INS-1 beta cells. The rate of apoptosis and the amount of insulin in the cell and the secretions were determined by the ELISA method. Betacellulin (BTC) and inhibin beta-A amounts in both the cell and the glucose induced secretion were investigated by Western blotting. Furthermore, BTC, Inhibin beta-A, Ins1, Ins2, and GLUT2 gene expression levels were determined by the by the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. We noted a significant decrease in cell viability, while an increase in apoptotic cell death by 4-MC treatment. It caused a decrease in the secretion of BTC, expressions of both BTC and inhibin beta-A. We showed a decrease in the expressions of Ins1 and GLUT2, while there is no alteration in the level of insulin protein. Insulin secretion levels increased in INS-1 cells given 4-MC by basal glucose concentration while they did not response to high concentration of glucose, which indicates that 4-MC disrupts the functionality of INS-1 cells. These results revealed that 4-MC induces apoptosis and decreases insulin secretion by reducing BTC and inhibin beta-A in insulinoma INS-1 cells. Thus, 4-MC may be offered as a potential molecule for treatment of insulinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Karatug Kacar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Bolkent
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nadri S, Barati G, Mostafavi H, Esmaeilzadeh A, Enderami SE. Differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells into secreting islet beta cells on plasma treated electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:178-187. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1416391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Nadri
- Metabolic Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology & Cancer Gene therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu T, Shi Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu A, Xie C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Ren L. The rs10229583 polymorphism near paired box gene 4 is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:115-121. [PMID: 28730907 PMCID: PMC6011326 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517714934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The rs10229583 polymorphism near paired box gene 4 (PAX4) is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mutations in the PAX4 gene may be associated with impaired differentiation/development of pancreatic islet beta cells during fetal development and, consequently, a compromised insulin response to high blood glucose. To ascertain whether this polymorphism plays a role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we investigated the genotypic and allele frequency differences between GDM and normal pregnancies. Methods A total of 310 GDM and 440 normal pregnancies were evaluated. Allele and genotype frequencies of rs10229583 were determined for all participants with Sanger sequencing and SNaPshot. Association of the allele and genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism with the disease was analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 test and OR (odds ratio). Results The G allele was more frequent in patients with GDM compared with controls (OR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.939). The GG genotype frequency of rs10229583 was significantly different between subjects with GDM and normal controls (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.032–1.928). The OR of the GA + GG genotype was 3.182 (95% CI: 1.294–7.826) for patients with GDM compared with controls. Conclusion The present study suggests that rs10229583 is associated with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Shi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Liu
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailin Zhu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Xie
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Ren
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lorenzo PI, Juárez-Vicente F, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, García-Domínguez M, Gauthier BR. The Diabetes-Linked Transcription Factor PAX4: From Gene to Functional Consequences. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030101. [PMID: 28282933 PMCID: PMC5368705 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired box 4 (PAX4) is a key factor in the generation of insulin producing β-cells during embryonic development. In adult islets, PAX4 expression is sequestered to a subset of β-cells that are prone to proliferation and more resistant to stress-induced apoptosis. The importance of this transcription factor for adequate pancreatic islets functionality has been manifested by the association of mutations in PAX4 with the development of diabetes, independently of its etiology. Overexpression of this factor in adult islets stimulates β-cell proliferation and increases their resistance to apoptosis. Additionally, in an experimental model of autoimmune diabetes, a novel immunomodulatory function for this factor has been suggested. Altogether these data pinpoint at PAX4 as an important target for novel regenerative therapies for diabetes treatment, aiming at the preservation of the remaining β-cells in parallel to the stimulation of their proliferation to replenish the β-cell mass lost during the progression of the disease. However, the adequate development of such therapies requires the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of PAX4 as well as the downstream effectors that could account for PAX4 action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra I Lorenzo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco Juárez-Vicente
- Cell differentiation Lab, Department of Cell Signaling and Dynamics, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Cell differentiation Lab, Department of Cell Signaling and Dynamics, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martin-Montalvo A, Lorenzo PI, López-Noriega L, Gauthier BR. Targeting pancreatic expressed PAX genes for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:77-89. [PMID: 27841034 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1257000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four members of the PAX family, PAX2, PAX4, PAX6 and PAX8 are known to be expressed in the pancreas. Accumulated evidences indicate that several pancreatic expressed PAX genes play a significant role in pancreatic development/functionality and alterations in these genes are involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases. Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the ongoing research related to pancreatic PAX genes in diabetes mellitus and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. We dissect the current knowledge at different levels; from mechanistic studies in cell lines performed to understand the molecular processes controlled by pancreatic PAX genes, to in vivo studies using rodent models that over-express or lack specific PAX genes. Finally, we describe human studies associating variants on pancreatic-expressed PAX genes with pancreatic diseases. Expert opinion: Based on the current literature, we propose that future interventions to treat pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and diabetes mellitus could be developed via the modulation of PAX4 and/or PAX6 regulated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- a Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avenida Américo Vespucio , Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology (PIDRU LAB) , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Petra I Lorenzo
- a Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avenida Américo Vespucio , Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology (PIDRU LAB) , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- a Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avenida Américo Vespucio , Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology (PIDRU LAB) , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- a Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avenida Américo Vespucio , Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology (PIDRU LAB) , Sevilla , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A Pdx-1-Regulated Soluble Factor Activates Rat and Human Islet Cell Proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2918-2930. [PMID: 27620967 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00103-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Pdx-1 has important roles in pancreas and islet development as well as in β-cell function and survival. We previously reported that Pdx-1 overexpression stimulates islet cell proliferation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of Pdx-1 triggers proliferation largely by a non-cell-autonomous mechanism mediated by soluble factors. Consistent with this idea, overexpression of Pdx-1 under the control of a β-cell-specific promoter (rat insulin promoter [RIP]) stimulates proliferation of both α and β cells, and overexpression of Pdx-1 in islets separated by a Transwell membrane from islets lacking Pdx-1 overexpression activates proliferation in the untreated islets. Microarray and gene ontology (GO) analysis identified inhibin beta-B (Inhbb), an activin subunit and member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, as a Pdx-1-responsive gene. Overexpression of Inhbb or addition of activin B stimulates rat islet cell and β-cell proliferation, and the activin receptors RIIA and RIIB are required for the full proliferative effects of Pdx-1 in rat islets. In human islets, Inhbb overexpression stimulates total islet cell proliferation and potentiates Pdx-1-stimulated proliferation of total islet cells and β cells. In sum, this study identifies a mechanism by which Pdx-1 induces a soluble factor that is sufficient to stimulate both rat and human islet cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Aamodt KI, Aramandla R, Brown JJ, Fiaschi-Taesch N, Wang P, Stewart AF, Brissova M, Powers AC. Development of a reliable automated screening system to identify small molecules and biologics that promote human β-cell regeneration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E859-E868. [PMID: 27624103 PMCID: PMC5130356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00515.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds stimulate rodent β-cell proliferation; however, translating these findings to human β-cells remains a challenge. To examine human β-cell proliferation in response to such compounds, we developed a medium-throughput in vitro method of quantifying adult human β-cell proliferation markers. This method is based on high-content imaging of dispersed islet cells seeded in 384-well plates and automated cell counting that identifies fluorescently labeled β-cells with high specificity using both nuclear and cytoplasmic markers. β-Cells from each donor were assessed for their function and ability to enter the cell cycle by cotransduction with adenoviruses encoding cell cycle regulators cdk6 and cyclin D3. Using this approach, we tested 12 previously identified mitogens, including neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, and molecules, involved in adenosine and Tgf-1β signaling. Each compound was tested in a wide concentration range either in the presence of basal (5 mM) or high (11 mM) glucose. Treatment with the control compound harmine, a Dyrk1a inhibitor, led to a significant increase in Ki-67+ β-cells, whereas treatment with other compounds had limited to no effect on human β-cell proliferation. This new scalable approach reduces the time and effort required for sensitive and specific evaluation of human β-cell proliferation, thus allowing for increased testing of candidate human β-cell mitogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie I Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judy J Brown
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathalie Fiaschi-Taesch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
PAX4 R192H and P321H polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and their functional defects. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:943-949. [PMID: 27334367 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously identified PAX4 mutations causing MODY9 and a recent genome-wide association study reported a susceptibility locus of type 2 diabetes (T2D) near PAX4. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between PAX4 polymorphisms and T2D in Thai patients and examine functions of PAX4 variant proteins. PAX4 rs2233580 (R192H) and rs712701 (P321H) were genotyped in 746 patients with T2D and 562 healthy normal control subjects by PCR and restriction-fragment length polymorphism method. PAX4 variant proteins were investigated for repressor function on human insulin and glucagon promoters and for cell viability and apoptosis upon high glucose exposure. Genotype and allele frequencies of PAX4 rs2233580 were more frequent in patients with T2D than in control subjects (P=0.001 and 0.0006, respectively) with odds ratio of 1.66 (P=0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.27). PAX4 rs712701 was not associated with T2D but it was in linkage disequilibrium with rs2233580. The 192H/321H (A/A) haplotype was more frequent in T2D patients than in controls (9.5% vs 6.6%; P=0.009). PAX4 R192H, but not PAX4 P321H, impaired repression activities on insulin and glucagon promoters and decreased transcript levels of genes required to maintain β-cell function, proliferation and survival. Viability of β-cell was reduced under glucotoxic stress condition for the cells overexpressing either PAX4 R192H or PAX4 P321H or both. Thus these PAX4 polymorphisms may increase T2D risk by defective transcription regulation of target genes and/or decreased β-cell survival in high glucose condition.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jimenez-Moreno CM, Herrera-Gomez IDG, Lopez-Noriega L, Lorenzo PI, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Fuente-Martin E, Mellado-Gil JM, Parnaud G, Bosco D, Gauthier BR, Martin-Montalvo A. A Simple High Efficiency Intra-Islet Transduction Protocol Using Lentiviral Vectors. Curr Gene Ther 2016; 15:436-46. [PMID: 26122098 PMCID: PMC5411998 DOI: 10.2174/1566523215666150630121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful normalization of blood glucose in patients transplanted with pancreatic islets isolated from cadaveric donors established the proof-of-concept that Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a curable disease. Nonetheless, major caveats to the widespread use of this cell therapy approach have been the shortage of islets combined with the low viability and functional rates subsequent to transplantation. Gene therapy targeted to enhance survival and performance prior to transplantation could offer a feasible approach to circumvent these issues and sustain a durable functional β-cell mass in vivo. However, efficient and safe delivery of nucleic acids to intact islet remains a challenging task. Here we describe a simple and easy-to-use lentiviral transduction protocol that allows the transduction of approximately 80 % of mouse and human islet cells while preserving islet architecture, metabolic function and glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. Our protocol will facilitate to fully determine the potential of gene expression modulation of therapeutically promising targets in entire pancreatic islets for xenotransplantation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benoit Raymond Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avenida Americo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnologico Cartuja 93, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang Y, Chan L. Monogenic Diabetes: What It Teaches Us on the Common Forms of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:190-222. [PMID: 27035557 PMCID: PMC4890265 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 30 genes have been linked to monogenic diabetes. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified > 50 susceptibility loci for common type 1 diabetes (T1D) and approximately 100 susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D). About 1-5% of all cases of diabetes result from single-gene mutations and are called monogenic diabetes. Here, we review the pathophysiological basis of the role of monogenic diabetes genes that have also been found to be associated with common T1D and/or T2D. Variants of approximately one-third of monogenic diabetes genes are associated with T2D, but not T1D. Two of the T2D-associated monogenic diabetes genes-potassium inward-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11), which controls glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the β-cell; and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), which impacts multiple tissue targets in relation to inflammation and insulin sensitivity-have been developed as major antidiabetic drug targets. Another monogenic diabetes gene, the preproinsulin gene (INS), is unique in that INS mutations can cause hyperinsulinemia, hyperproinsulinemia, neonatal diabetes mellitus, one type of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY10), and autoantibody-negative T1D. Dominant heterozygous INS mutations are the second most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. Moreover, INS gene variants are strongly associated with common T1D (type 1a), but inconsistently with T2D. Variants of the monogenic diabetes gene Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3) are associated with both T1D and T2D. GLIS3 is a key transcription factor in insulin production and β-cell differentiation during embryonic development, which perturbation forms the basis of monogenic diabetes as well as its association with T1D. GLIS3 is also required for compensatory β-cell proliferation in adults; impairment of this function predisposes to T2D. Thus, monogenic forms of diabetes are invaluable "human models" that have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiological basis of common T1D and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.Y.), Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109; and Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.Y.), Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109; and Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saunders D, Powers AC. Replicative capacity of β-cells and type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2016; 71:59-68. [PMID: 27133598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to restore β-cell number or mass in type 1 diabetes (T1D) must combine an intervention to stimulate proliferation of remaining β-cells and an intervention to mitigate or control the β-cell-directed autoimmunity. This review highlights features of the β-cell, including it being part of a pancreatic islet, a mini-organ that is highly vascularized and highly innervated, and efforts to promote β-cell proliferation. In addition, the β-cell in T1D exists in a microenvironment with interactions and input from other islet cell types, extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, neuronal projections, and immune cells, all of which likely influence the β-cell's capacity for replication. Physiologic β-cell proliferation occurs in human and rodents in the neonatal period and early in life, after which there is an age-dependent decline in β-cell proliferation, and also as part of the β-cell's compensatory response to the metabolic challenges of pregnancy and insulin resistance. This review reviews the molecular pathways involved in this β-cell proliferation and highlights recent work in two areas: 1) Investigators, using high-throughput screening to discover small molecules that promote human β-cell proliferation, are now focusing on the dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase-1a and cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2C/p18 or CDKN1A/p21as targets of compounds to stimulate adult human β-cell proliferation. 2) Local inflammation, macrophages, and the local β-cell microenvironment promote β-cell proliferation. Future efforts to harness the responsible mechanisms may lead to new approaches to promote β-cell proliferation in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Saunders
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sujjitjoon J, Kooptiwut S, Chongjaroen N, Tangjittipokin W, Plengvidhya N, Yenchitsomanus PT. Aberrant mRNA splicing of paired box 4 (PAX4) IVS7-1G>A mutation causing maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 9. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:205-16. [PMID: 25951767 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Paired box 4 (PAX4) mutations cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 9 (MODY9). The molecular defect and alteration of PAX4 function associated with the mutation PAX4 IVS7-1G>A in a family with MODY9 and severe diabetic complications were studied. METHODS We investigated the functional consequences of PAX4 IVS7-1G>A on mRNA splicing using minigene assays. Wild-type and mutant PAX4 were expressed in mouse pancreatic β- and α-cell lines, and protein levels and translocation of PAX4 into the nucleus were determined. We also examined transcriptional repression of PAX4 target-gene promoters and β-cell viability under diabetic-like (high-glucose) conditions. RESULTS PAX4 IVS7-1G>A disrupts an acceptor splice site, causing an adjacent cryptic splice site within exon 8 to be used, resulting in a three-nucleotide deletion and glutamine deletion at position 250 (p.Q250del). Wild-type and PAX4 Q250del proteins were expressed at similar levels and could translocate normally into the nucleus in βTC3 and αTC1.9 cells. However, the repressor functions of PAX4 Q250del on human insulin and glucagon promoters in INS-1 832/13 and αTC1.9 cells were significantly decreased, compared with that of wild-type PAX4. Moreover, the rate of apoptosis was increased in INS-1 cells over-expressing PAX4 Q250del when cultured in high-glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS PAX4 IVS7-1G>A caused aberrant mRNA splicing and PAX4 Q250 deletion. The mutation impaired PAX4 repressor functions on target-gene promoters and increased susceptibility to apoptosis upon high glucose exposure. Thus, PAX4 IVS7-1G>A contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes in this MODY9 family through β-cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Sujjitjoon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nalinee Chongjaroen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Watip Tangjittipokin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nattachet Plengvidhya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
ActivinB Is Induced in Insulinoma To Promote Tumor Plasticity through a β-Cell-Induced Dedifferentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:756-64. [PMID: 26711255 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00930-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of pancreatic β-cell maturity occurs in diabetes and insulinomas. Although both physiological and pathological stresses are known to promote β-cell dedifferentiation, little is known about the molecules involved in this process. Here we demonstrate that activinB, a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-related ligand, is upregulated during tumorigenesis and drives the loss of insulin expression and β-cell maturity in a mouse insulinoma model. Our data further identify Pax4 as a previously unknown activinB target and potent contributor to the observed β-cell dedifferentiation. More importantly, using compound mutant mice, we found that deleting activinB expression abolishes tumor β-cell dedifferentiation and, surprisingly, increases survival without significantly affecting tumor growth. Hence, this work reveals an unexpected role for activinB in the loss of β-cell maturity, islet plasticity, and progression of insulinoma through its participation in β-cell dedifferentiation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lorenzo PI, Fuente-Martín E, Brun T, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Jimenez-Moreno CM, G Herrera Gomez I, López Noriega L, Mellado-Gil JM, Martin-Montalvo A, Soria B, Gauthier BR. PAX4 Defines an Expandable β-Cell Subpopulation in the Adult Pancreatic Islet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15672. [PMID: 26503027 PMCID: PMC4622080 DOI: 10.1038/srep15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX4 is a key regulator of pancreatic islet development whilst in adult acute overexpression protects β-cells against stress-induced apoptosis and stimulates proliferation. Nonetheless, sustained PAX4 expression promotes β-cell dedifferentiation and hyperglycemia, mimicking β-cell failure in diabetic patients. Herein, we study mechanisms that allow stringent PAX4 regulation endowing favorable β-cell adaptation in response to changing environment without loss of identity. To this end, PAX4 expression was monitored using a mouse bearing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) and cre recombinase construct under the control of the islet specific pax4 promoter. GFP was detected in 30% of islet cells predominantly composed of PAX4-enriched β-cells that responded to glucose-induced insulin secretion. Lineage tracing demonstrated that all islet cells were derived from PAX4+ progenitor cells but that GFP expression was confined to a subpopulation at birth which declined with age correlating with reduced replication. However, this GFP+ subpopulation expanded during pregnancy, a state of active β-cell replication. Accordingly, enhanced proliferation was exclusively detected in GFP+ cells consistent with cell cycle genes being stimulated in PAX4-overexpressing islets. Under stress conditions, GFP+ cells were more resistant to apoptosis than their GFP- counterparts. Our data suggest PAX4 defines an expandable β-cell sub population within adult islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra I Lorenzo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Fuente-Martín
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Thierry Brun
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen María Jimenez-Moreno
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene G Herrera Gomez
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Livia López Noriega
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Mellado-Gil
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Cellular Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
PAX4 Gene Transfer Induces α-to-β Cell Phenotypic Conversion and Confers Therapeutic Benefits for Diabetes Treatment. Mol Ther 2015; 24:251-260. [PMID: 26435408 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax4 plays a critical role in the determination of α- versus β-cell lineage during endocrine pancreas development. In this study, we explored whether Pax4 gene transfer into α-cells could convert them into functional β-cells and thus provide therapeutic benefits for insulin-deficient diabetes. We found that Pax4 delivered by adenoviral vector, Ad5.Pax4, induced insulin expression and reduced glucagon expression in αTC1.9 cells. More importantly, these cells exhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a key feature of functional β-cells. When injected into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, Pax4-treated αTC1.9 cells significantly reduced blood glucose, and the mice showed better glucose tolerance, supporting that Pax4 gene transfer into αTC1.9 cells resulted in the formation of functional β-cells. Furthermore, treatment of primary human islets with Ad5.Pax4 resulted in significantly improved β-cell function. Detection of glucagon(+)/Pax4(+)/Insulin(+) cells argued for Pax4-induced α-to-β cell transitioning. This was further supported by quantification of glucagon and insulin bi-hormonal cells, which was significantly higher in Pax4-treated islets than in controls. Finally, direct administration of Ad5.Pax4 into the pancreas of insulin-deficient mice ameliorated hyperglycemia. Taken together, our data demonstrate that manipulating Pax4 gene expression represents a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of insulin deficient diabetes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Andrzejewski D, Brown ML, Ungerleider N, Burnside A, Schneyer AL. Activins A and B Regulate Fate-Determining Gene Expression in Islet Cell Lines and Islet Cells From Male Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2440-50. [PMID: 25961841 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ superfamily ligands, receptors, and second messengers, including activins A and B, have been identified in pancreatic islets and proposed to have important roles regulating development, proliferation, and function. We previously demonstrated that Fstl3 (an antagonist of activin activity) null mice have larger islets with β-cell hyperplasia and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the absence of altered β-cell proliferation. This suggested the hypothesis that increased activin signaling influences β-cell expansion by destabilizing the α-cell phenotype and promoting transdifferentiation to β-cells. We tested the first part of this hypothesis by treating α- and β-cell lines and sorted mouse islet cells with activin and related ligands. Treatment of the αTC1-6 α cell line with activins A or B suppressed critical α-cell gene expression, including Arx, glucagon, and MafB while also enhancing β-cell gene expression. In INS-1E β-cells, activin A treatment induced a significant increase in Pax4 (a fate determining β-cell gene) and insulin expression. In sorted primary islet cells, α-cell gene expression was again suppressed by activin treatment in α-cells, whereas Pax4 was enhanced in β-cells. Activin treatment in both cell lines and primary cells resulted in phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic-2 phosphorylation. Finally, treatment of αTC1-6 cells with activins A or B significantly inhibited proliferation. These results support the hypothesis that activin signaling destabilized the α-cell phenotype while promoting a β-cell fate. Moreover, these results support a model in which the β-cell expansion observed in Fstl3 null mice may be due, at least in part, to enhanced α- to β-cell transdifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Andrzejewski
- Departments of Veterinary and Animal Science (D.A., A.B., A.L.S.) and Nutrition (M.L.B.), and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program (N.U.), University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Melissa L Brown
- Departments of Veterinary and Animal Science (D.A., A.B., A.L.S.) and Nutrition (M.L.B.), and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program (N.U.), University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Nathan Ungerleider
- Departments of Veterinary and Animal Science (D.A., A.B., A.L.S.) and Nutrition (M.L.B.), and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program (N.U.), University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Amy Burnside
- Departments of Veterinary and Animal Science (D.A., A.B., A.L.S.) and Nutrition (M.L.B.), and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program (N.U.), University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Alan L Schneyer
- Departments of Veterinary and Animal Science (D.A., A.B., A.L.S.) and Nutrition (M.L.B.), and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program (N.U.), University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
van der Meulen T, Huising MO. Role of transcription factors in the transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:R103-17. [PMID: 25791577 PMCID: PMC4373662 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The α and β cells act in concert to maintain blood glucose. The α cells release glucagon in response to low levels of glucose to stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver. In contrast, β cells release insulin in response to elevated levels of glucose to stimulate peripheral glucose disposal. Despite these opposing roles in glucose homeostasis, α and β cells are derived from a common progenitor and share many proteins important for glucose sensing and hormone secretion. Results from recent work have underlined these similarities between the two cell types by revealing that β-to-α as well as α-to-β transdifferentiation can take place under certain experimental circumstances. These exciting findings highlight unexpected plasticity of adult islets and offer hope of novel therapeutic paths to replenish β cells in diabetes. In this review, we focus on the transcription factor networks that establish and maintain pancreatic endocrine cell identity and how they may be perturbed to facilitate transdifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talitha van der Meulen
- Department of NeurobiologyPhysiology and Behavior, College of Biological SciencesDepartment of Physiology and Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine, University of California, 193 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of NeurobiologyPhysiology and Behavior, College of Biological SciencesDepartment of Physiology and Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine, University of California, 193 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA Department of NeurobiologyPhysiology and Behavior, College of Biological SciencesDepartment of Physiology and Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine, University of California, 193 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Khorsandi L, Khodadadi A, Nejad-Dehbashi F, Saremy S. Three-dimensional differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:745-53. [PMID: 25795142 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the collagen/hyaluronic acid (Col/HA) scaffold effect on the differentiation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). In this experimental study, ASCs were cultured and seeded in a Col/HA scaffold (3D culture) and then treated with induction media. After induction, the presence of IPCs was evaluated using gene expression (PDX-1, GLUT-2 and insulin) analysis and immunocytochemistry, while functional maturity was determined by measuring insulin release in response to low- and high-glucose media. The induced IPCs were morphologically similar to pancreatic islet-like cells. Expression of the islet-associated genes PDX-1, GLUT-2 and insulin genes in 3D-cultured cells was markedly higher than the 2D-cultured cells exposure differentiation media. Compared to the 2D culture of ASCs-derived IPCs, the insulin release from 3D ASCs-derived IPCs showed a nearly 4-fold (p < 0.05) increase when exposed to a high glucose (25 mmol) medium. The percentage of insulin-positive cells in the 3D experimental group showed an approximately 4-fold increase compared to the 2D experimental culture cells. The results of this study demonstrated that the COL/HA scaffold can enhance the differentiation of IPCs from rat ASCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, P.O. Box: 61335,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) neutralization on synthesis and secretion of activin A (Act-A) and betacellulin (BTC) from primary β cells and the importance of these relations for β-cell proliferation. METHODS β Cells were isolated from euglycemic and streptozotocin-induced (75 mg/kg) hyperglycemic rats and treated with NGF neutralization antibody. The gene expression levels of Act-A and BTC in the primary β cells were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cellular and secreted levels of Act-A and BTC proteins were estimated using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nerve growth factor neutralization (1) reduced β-cell proliferation, (2) decreased Act-A at gene expression and protein levels while increasing its secretion from β cells, and (3) increased BTC at gene expression level while mildly decreasing its cellular protein level and secretion from β cells. Nerve growth factor neutralization specifically affected β cells of hyperglycemic rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that NGF is an important regulator for the synthesis and secretion of Act-A and BTC from the β cells. Moreover, the results suggested that β-cell proliferation decreased through NGF neutralization is possibly related to decreased BTC and increased Act-A secretion from β cells of hyperglycemic rats.
Collapse
|
50
|
Jamaluddin JL, Huri HZ, Vethakkan SR, Mustafa N. Pancreatic gene variants potentially associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment response in Type 2 diabetes. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:235-49. [PMID: 24444412 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult pancreas, the expression of the genes PAX4, KCNQ1, TCF7L2, KCNJ11, ABCC8, MTNR1B and WFS1 are mainly restricted to β cells to maintain glucose homeostasis. We have identified these genes as the main regulators of incretin-mediated actions, and therefore they may potentially influence the response of DPP-4 inhibitors. This review represents the first detailed exploration of pancreatic β-cell genes and their variant mechanisms, which could potentially affect the response of DPP-4 inhibitors in Type 2 diabetes. We have focused on the signaling pathways of these genes to understand their roles in gastrointestinal incretin-mediated effects; and finally, we sought to associate gene mechanisms with their Type 2 diabetes risk variants to predict the responses of DPP-4 inhibitors for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazlina Liza Jamaluddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|