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Cromer L, Tiscareno-Andrade M, Lefranc S, Chambon A, Hurel A, Brogniez M, Guérin J, Le Masson I, Adam G, Charif D, Andrey P, Grelon M. Rapid meiotic prophase chromosome movements in Arabidopsis thaliana are linked to essential reorganization at the nuclear envelope. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5964. [PMID: 39013853 PMCID: PMC11252379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiotic rapid prophase chromosome movements (RPMs) require connections between the chromosomes and the cytoskeleton, involving SUN (Sad1/UNC-84)-domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear envelope (NE). RPMs remain significantly understudied in plants, with respect to their importance in the regulation of meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic centromeres undergo rapid (up to 500 nm/s) and uncoordinated movements during the zygotene and pachytene stages. These centromere movements are not affected by altered chromosome organization and recombination but are abolished in the double mutant sun1 sun2. We also document the changes in chromosome dynamics and nucleus organization during the transition from leptotene to zygotene, including telomere attachment to SUN-enriched NE domains, bouquet formation, and nucleolus displacement, all of which were defective in sun1 sun2. These results establish A. thaliana as a model species for studying the functional implications of meiotic RPMs and demonstrate the mechanistic conservation of telomere-led RPMs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cromer
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mariana Tiscareno-Andrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Lefranc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Chambon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Hurel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Manon Brogniez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Julie Guérin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Ivan Le Masson
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Agronomie, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gabriele Adam
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Charif
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Andrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France.
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2
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Pinto-Cruz J, Correas M, Mendoza-Madrigal R, León-Periñán D, Fernández-Álvarez A. Identifying Chromosome Movement Patterns During Meiosis Using ChroMo. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2818:271-288. [PMID: 39126481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3906-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
During meiosis, transient associations between the nuclear envelope and telomeres transmit nuclear movements to chromosomes, enabling their pairing and recombination. Recent advances in the field of quantitative cell biology allow a large volume of information about the kinetics of these chromosome movements to be extracted and analyzed with the aim of identifying biologically relevant movement patterns. To this end, we have developed ChroMo, a freely available application for the unsupervised study of chromosome movements in fission yeast meiosis. ChroMo contains a set of time series algorithms to identify chromosome movement motifs that are not easily observable by direct human visualization and to establish causal relationships between phenotypes. In this chapter, we present a detailed protocol for the processing of raw live imaging data from fission yeast and its subsequent analysis in ChroMo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pinto-Cruz
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Correas
- ITACA Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Mendoza-Madrigal
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel León-Periñán
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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3
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Börner GV, Hochwagen A, MacQueen AJ. Meiosis in budding yeast. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad125. [PMID: 37616582 PMCID: PMC10550323 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division program that is essential for sexual reproduction. The two meiotic divisions reduce chromosome number by half, typically generating haploid genomes that are packaged into gametes. To achieve this ploidy reduction, meiosis relies on highly unusual chromosomal processes including the pairing of homologous chromosomes, assembly of the synaptonemal complex, programmed formation of DNA breaks followed by their processing into crossovers, and the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division. These processes are embedded in a carefully orchestrated cell differentiation program with multiple interdependencies between DNA metabolism, chromosome morphogenesis, and waves of gene expression that together ensure the correct number of chromosomes is delivered to the next generation. Studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have established essentially all fundamental paradigms of meiosis-specific chromosome metabolism and have uncovered components and molecular mechanisms that underlie these conserved processes. Here, we provide an overview of all stages of meiosis in this key model system and highlight how basic mechanisms of genome stability, chromosome architecture, and cell cycle control have been adapted to achieve the unique outcome of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Valentin Börner
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | | | - Amy J MacQueen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
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4
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Solé M, Pascual Á, Anton E, Blanco J, Sarrate Z. The courtship choreography of homologous chromosomes: timing and mechanisms of DSB-independent pairing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1191156. [PMID: 37377734 PMCID: PMC10291267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1191156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis involves deep changes in the spatial organisation and interactions of chromosomes enabling the two primary functions of this process: increasing genetic diversity and reducing ploidy level. These two functions are ensured by crucial events such as homologous chromosomal pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation. In most sexually reproducing eukaryotes, homologous chromosome pairing depends on a set of mechanisms, some of them associated with the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced at the onset of prophase I, and others that operate before DSBs formation. In this article, we will review various strategies utilised by model organisms for DSB-independent pairing. Specifically, we will focus on mechanisms such as chromosome clustering, nuclear and chromosome movements, as well as the involvement of specific proteins, non-coding RNA, and DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joan Blanco
- *Correspondence: Joan Blanco, ; Zaida Sarrate,
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5
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Fujita I, Kimura A, Yamashita A. A force balance model for a cell size-dependent meiotic nuclear oscillation in fission yeast. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55770. [PMID: 36622644 PMCID: PMC9986818 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast undergoes premeiotic nuclear oscillation, which is dependent on microtubules and is driven by cytoplasmic dynein. Although the molecular mechanisms have been analyzed, how a robust oscillation is generated despite the dynamic behaviors of microtubules has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the oscillation exhibits cell length-dependent frequency and requires a balance between microtubule and viscous drag forces, as well as proper microtubule dynamics. Comparison of the oscillations observed in living cells with a simulation model based on microtubule dynamic instability reveals that the period of oscillation correlates with cell length. Genetic alterations that reduce cargo size suggest that the nuclear movement depends on viscous drag forces. Deletion of a gene encoding Kinesin-8 inhibits microtubule catastrophe at the cell cortex and results in perturbation of oscillation, indicating that nuclear movement also depends on microtubule dynamic instability. Our findings link numerical parameters from the simulation model with cellular functions required for generating the oscillation and provide a basis for understanding the physical properties of microtubule-dependent nuclear movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchRIKENKobeJapan
| | - Akatsuki Kimura
- Cell Architecture LaboratoryNational Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life ScienceSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)MishimaJapan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Interdisciplinary Research UnitNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Center for Low‐temperature Plasma SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
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6
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Jiménez-Martín A, Pineda-Santaella A, Pinto-Cruz J, León-Periñán D, García-Sánchez S, Delgado-Gestoso D, Marín-Toral L, Fernández-Álvarez A. The Rabl chromosome configuration masks a kinetochore reassembly mechanism in yeast mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br8. [PMID: 35274979 PMCID: PMC9282007 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell cycle progression in metazoans, the kinetochore is assembled at mitotic onset and disassembled during mitotic exit. Once assembled, the kinetochore complex attached to centromeres interacts directly with the spindle microtubules, the vehicle of chromosome segregation. This reassembly program is assumed to be absent in budding and fission yeast, because most kinetochore proteins are stably maintained at the centromeres throughout the entire cell cycle. Here, we show that the reassembly program of the outer kinetochore at mitotic onset is unexpectedly conserved in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We identified this behavior by removing the Rabl chromosome configuration, in which centromeres are permanently associated with the nuclear envelope beneath the spindle pole body during interphase. In addition to having evolutionary implications for kinetochore reassembly, our results aid the understanding of the molecular processes responsible for kinetochore disassembly and assembly during mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Martín
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Pineda-Santaella
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Pinto-Cruz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel León-Periñán
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sabas García-Sánchez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - David Delgado-Gestoso
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Marín-Toral
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Liu R, Kasowitz SD, Homolka D, Leu NA, Shaked JT, Ruthel G, Jain D, Lin H, Keeney S, Luo M, Pillai RS, Wang PJ. YTHDC2 is essential for pachytene progression and prevents aberrant microtubule-driven telomere clustering in male meiosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110110. [PMID: 34910909 PMCID: PMC8720241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms driving the prolonged meiotic prophase I in mammals are poorly understood. RNA helicase YTHDC2 is critical for mitosis to meiosis transition. However, YTHDC2 is highly expressed in pachytene cells. Here we identify an essential role for YTHDC2 in meiotic progression. Specifically, YTHDC2 deficiency causes microtubule-dependent telomere clustering and apoptosis at the pachytene stage of prophase I. Depletion of YTHDC2 results in a massively dysregulated transcriptome in pachytene cells, with a tendency toward upregulation of genes normally expressed in mitotic germ cells and downregulation of meiotic transcripts. Dysregulation does not correlate with m6A status, and YTHDC2-bound mRNAs are enriched in genes upregulated in mutant germ cells, revealing that YTHDC2 primarily targets mRNAs for degradation. Furthermore, altered transcripts in mutant pachytene cells encode microtubule network proteins. Our results demonstrate that YTHDC2 regulates the pachytene stage by perpetuating a meiotic transcriptome and preventing microtubule network changes that could lead to telomere clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seth D Kasowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Homolka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan T Shaked
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devanshi Jain
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Huijuan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ramesh S Pillai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Prasada Rao HB, Sato T, Challa K, Fujita Y, Shinohara M, Shinohara A. Phosphorylation of luminal region of the SUN-domain protein Mps3 promotes nuclear envelope localization during meiosis. eLife 2021; 10:63119. [PMID: 34586062 PMCID: PMC8570693 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, protein ensembles in the nuclear envelope (NE) containing SUN- and KASH-domain proteins, called linker nucleocytoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, promote the chromosome motion. Yeast SUN-domain protein, Mps3, forms multiple meiosis-specific ensembles on NE, which show dynamic localisation for chromosome motion; however, the mechanism by which these Mps3 ensembles are formed during meiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 protein kinase (DDK) regulate meiosis-specific dynamics of Mps3 on NE, particularly by mediating the resolution of Mps3 clusters and telomere clustering. We also found that the luminal region of Mps3 juxtaposed to the inner nuclear membrane is required for meiosis-specific localisation of Mps3 on NE. Negative charges introduced by meiosis-specific phosphorylation in the luminal region of Mps3 alter its interaction with negatively charged lipids by electric repulsion in reconstituted liposomes. Phospho-mimetic substitution in the luminal region suppresses the localisation of Mps3 via the inactivation of CDK or DDK. Our study revealed multi-layered phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the localisation of Mps3 on NE for meiotic chromosome motion and NE remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Challa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yurika Fujita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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9
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Pawar S, Kutay U. The Diverse Cellular Functions of Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040477. [PMID: 33753404 PMCID: PMC8411953 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear compartment is delimited by a specialized expanded sheet of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) known as the nuclear envelope (NE). Compared to the outer nuclear membrane and the contiguous peripheral ER, the inner nuclear membrane (INM) houses a unique set of transmembrane proteins that serve a staggering range of functions. Many of these functions reflect the exceptional position of INM proteins at the membrane-chromatin interface. Recent research revealed that numerous INM proteins perform crucial roles in chromatin organization, regulation of gene expression, genome stability, and mediation of signaling pathways into the nucleus. Other INM proteins establish mechanical links between chromatin and the cytoskeleton, help NE remodeling, or contribute to the surveillance of NE integrity and homeostasis. As INM proteins continue to gain prominence, we review these advancements and give an overview on the functional versatility of the INM proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pawar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kutay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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LINC complex regulation of genome organization and function. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 67:130-141. [PMID: 33524904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of genomic function is in part mediated through the physical organization and architecture of the nucleus. Disruption to nuclear organization and architecture is increasingly being recognized by its contribution to many diseases. The LINC complexes - protein structures traversing the nuclear envelope, that physically connect the nuclear interior, and hence the genome, to cytoplasmic cytoskeletal networks are an important component in the physical organization of the genome and its function. This connection, potentially allows for the constant detection of environmental mechanical stimuli, resulting in altered regulation of nuclear architecture and genome function, either directly or via the process of mechanotransduction. Here, we review the influences LINC complexes exert on genome functions and their impact on cellular/organismal health.
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11
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Lee CY, Bisig CG, Conrad MN, Ditamo Y, Previato de Almeida L, Dresser ME, Pezza RJ. Telomere-led meiotic chromosome movements: recent update in structure and function. Nucleus 2020; 11:111-116. [PMID: 32412326 PMCID: PMC7781623 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1769456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In S. cerevisiae prophase meiotic chromosomes move by forces generated in the cytoplasm and transduced to the telomere via a protein complex located in the nuclear membrane. We know that chromosome movements require actin cytoskeleton [13,31] and the proteins Ndj1, Mps3, and Csm4. Until recently, the identity of the protein connecting Ndj1-Mps3 with the cytoskeleton components was missing. It was also not known the identity of a cytoplasmic motor responsible for interacting with the actin cytoskeleton and a protein at the outer nuclear envelope. Our recent work [36] identified Mps2 as the protein connecting Ndj1-Mps3 with cytoskeleton components; Myo2 as the cytoplasmic motor that interacts with Mps2; and Cms4 as a regulator of Mps2 and Myo2 interaction and activities (Figure 1). Below we present a model for how Mps2, Csm4, and Myo2 promote chromosome movements by providing the primary connections joining telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton through the LINC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C G Bisig
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto-CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M N Conrad
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Y Ditamo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto-CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Previato de Almeida
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M E Dresser
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R J Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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12
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Muhtadi R, Lorenz A, Mpaulo SJ, Siebenwirth C, Scherthan H. Catalase T-Deficient Fission Yeast Meiocytes Show Resistance to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090881. [PMID: 32957622 PMCID: PMC7555645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or ionizing radiation (IR) can induce adverse effects in organisms and their cells, including mutations and premature aging. DNA damage and its faulty repair can lead to cell death or promote cancer through the accumulation of mutations. Misrepair in germ cells is particularly dangerous as it may lead to alterations in developmental programs and genetic disease in the offspring. DNA damage pathways and radical defense mechanisms mediate resistance to genotoxic stresses. Here, we investigated, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the role of the H2O2-detoxifying enzyme cytosolic catalase T (Ctt1) and the Fe2+/Mn2+ symporter Pcl1 in protecting meiotic chromosome dynamics and gamete formation from radicals generated by ROS and IR. We found that wild-type and pcl1-deficient cells respond similarly to X ray doses of up to 300 Gy, while ctt1∆ meiocytes showed a moderate sensitivity to IR but a hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide with cells dying at >0.4 mM H2O2. Meiocytes deficient for pcl1, on the other hand, showed a resistance to hydrogen peroxide similar to that of the wild type, surviving doses >40 mM. In all, it appears that in the absence of the main H2O2-detoxifying pathway S. pombe meiocytes are able to survive significant doses of IR-induced radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Muhtadi
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Samantha J. Mpaulo
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Christian Siebenwirth
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-992692-2272
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13
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Sepsi A, Schwarzacher T. Chromosome-nuclear envelope tethering - a process that orchestrates homologue pairing during plant meiosis? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243667. [PMID: 32788229 PMCID: PMC7438012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous and heterologous chromosomes can also lead to recombination (ectopic recombination), a highly deleterious process that rapidly compromises genome integrity. To avoid ectopic exchange, homology recognition must be extended from the narrow position of a crossover-competent double-strand break to the entire chromosome. Here, we review advances on chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase I in higher plants, by integrating centromere- and telomere dynamics driven by cytoskeletal motor proteins, into the processes of homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination. Centromere-centromere associations and the gathering of telomeres at the onset of meiosis at opposite nuclear poles create a spatially organised and restricted nuclear state in which homologous DNA interactions are favoured but ectopic interactions also occur. The release and dispersion of centromeres from the nuclear periphery increases the motility of chromosome arms, allowing meiosis-specific movements that disrupt ectopic interactions. Subsequent expansion of interstitial synapsis from numerous homologous interactions further corrects ectopic interactions. Movement and organisation of chromosomes, thus, evolved to facilitate the pairing process, and can be modulated by distinct stages of chromatin associations at the nuclear envelope and their collective release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Sepsi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science (ABÉT), 1111, Budapest, Mu˝ egyetem rkp. 3-9., Hungary
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- University of Leicester, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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14
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CDK Regulation of Meiosis: Lessons from S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070723. [PMID: 32610611 PMCID: PMC7397238 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic progression requires precise orchestration, such that one round of DNA replication is followed by two meiotic divisions. The order and timing of meiotic events is controlled through the modulation of the phosphorylation state of proteins. Key components of this phospho-regulatory system include cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and its cyclin regulatory subunits. Over the past two decades, studies in budding and fission yeast have greatly informed our understanding of the role of CDK in meiotic regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of how CDK controls meiotic events in both budding and fission yeast. We discuss mechanisms of CDK regulation through post-translational modifications and changes in the levels of cyclins. Finally, we highlight the similarities and differences in CDK regulation between the two yeast species. Since CDK and many meiotic regulators are highly conserved, the findings in budding and fission yeasts have revealed conserved mechanisms of meiotic regulation among eukaryotes.
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15
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Mixing and Matching Chromosomes during Female Meiosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030696. [PMID: 32178277 PMCID: PMC7140621 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a key event in the manufacturing of an oocyte. During this process, the oocyte creates a set of unique chromosomes by recombining paternal and maternal copies of homologous chromosomes, and by eliminating one set of chromosomes to become haploid. While meiosis is conserved among sexually reproducing eukaryotes, there is a bewildering diversity of strategies among species, and sometimes within sexes of the same species, to achieve proper segregation of chromosomes. Here, we review the very first steps of meiosis in females, when the maternal and paternal copies of each homologous chromosomes have to move, find each other and pair. We explore the similarities and differences observed in C. elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse females.
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16
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Extranuclear Structural Components that Mediate Dynamic Chromosome Movements in Yeast Meiosis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1207-1216.e4. [PMID: 32059771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomere-led rapid chromosome movements or rapid prophase movements direct fundamental meiotic processes required for successful haploidization of the genome. Critical components of the machinery that generates rapid prophase movements are unknown, and the mechanism underlying rapid prophase movements remains poorly understood. We identified S. cerevisiae Mps2 as the outer nuclear membrane protein that connects the LINC complex with the cytoskeleton. We also demonstrate that the motor Myo2 works together with Mps2 to couple the telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton. Further, we show that Csm4 interacts with Mps2 and is required for perinuclear localization of Myo2, implicating Csm4 as a regulator of the Mps2-Myo2 interaction. We propose a model in which the newly identified functions of Mps2 and Myo2 cooperate with Csm4 to drive chromosome movements in meiotic prophase by coupling telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton.
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17
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Schalbetter SA, Fudenberg G, Baxter J, Pollard KS, Neale MJ. Principles of meiotic chromosome assembly revealed in S. cerevisiae. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4795. [PMID: 31641121 PMCID: PMC6805904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, chromosomes organise into a series of chromatin loops emanating from a proteinaceous axis, but the mechanisms of assembly remain unclear. Here we use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to explore how this elaborate three-dimensional chromosome organisation is linked to genomic sequence. As cells enter meiosis, we observe that strong cohesin-dependent grid-like Hi-C interaction patterns emerge, reminiscent of mammalian interphase organisation, but with distinct regulation. Meiotic patterns agree with simulations of loop extrusion with growth limited by barriers, in which a heterogeneous population of expanding loops develop along the chromosome. Importantly, CTCF, the factor that imposes similar features in mammalian interphase, is absent in S. cerevisiae, suggesting alternative mechanisms of barrier formation. While grid-like interactions emerge independently of meiotic chromosome synapsis, synapsis itself generates additional compaction that matures differentially according to telomere proximity and chromosome size. Collectively, our results elucidate fundamental principles of chromosome assembly and demonstrate the essential role of cohesin within this evolutionarily conserved process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Schalbetter
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Fudenberg
- Gladstone Institutes for Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Jonathan Baxter
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes for Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, Quantitative Biology Institute, and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew J Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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18
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Meiosis-specific prophase-like pathway controls cleavage-independent release of cohesin by Wapl phosphorylation. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007851. [PMID: 30605471 PMCID: PMC6317811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion on chromosome arms is essential for the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I while it is dispensable for sister chromatid separation during mitosis. It was assumed that, unlike the situation in mitosis, chromosome arms retain cohesion prior to onset of anaphase-I. Paradoxically, reduced immunostaining signals of meiosis-specific cohesin, including the kleisin Rec8, were observed on chromosomes during late prophase-I of budding yeast. This decrease is seen in the absence of Rec8 cleavage and depends on condensin-mediated recruitment of Polo-like kinase (PLK/Cdc5). In this study, we confirmed that this release indeed accompanies the dissociation of acetylated Smc3 as well as Rec8 from meiotic chromosomes during late prophase-I. This release requires, in addition to PLK, the cohesin regulator, Wapl (Rad61/Wpl1 in yeast), and Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase (DDK). Meiosis-specific phosphorylation of Rad61/Wpl1 and Rec8 by PLK and DDK collaboratively promote this release. This process is similar to the vertebrate “prophase” pathway for cohesin release during G2 phase and pro-metaphase. In yeast, meiotic cohesin release coincides with PLK-dependent compaction of chromosomes in late meiotic prophase-I. We suggest that yeast uses this highly regulated cleavage-independent pathway to remove cohesin during late prophase-I to facilitate morphogenesis of condensed metaphase-I chromosomes. In meiosis the life and health of future generations is decided upon. Any failure in chromosome segregation has a detrimental impact. Therefore, it is currently believed that the physical connections between homologous chromosomes are maintained by meiotic cohesin with exceptional stability. Indeed, it was shown that cohesive cohesin does not show an appreciable turnover during long periods in oocyte development. In this context, it was long assumed but not properly investigated, that the prophase pathway for cohesin release would be specific to mitosis and would be safely suppressed during meiosis so as not to endanger essential connections between chromosomes. However, a previous study on budding yeast meiosis suggests the presence of cleavage-independent pathway of cohesin release during late prophase-I. In the work presented here we confirmed that the prophase pathway is not suppressed during meiosis, at least in budding yeast and showed that this cleavage-independent release is regulated by meiosis-specific phosphorylation of two cohesin subunits, Rec8 and Rad61(Wapl) by two cell-cycle regulators, PLK and DDK. Our results suggest that late meiotic prophase-I actively controls cohesin dynamics on meiotic chromosomes for chromosome segregation.
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19
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Bommi JR, Rao HBDP, Challa K, Higashide M, Shinmyozu K, Nakayama JI, Shinohara M, Shinohara A. Meiosis-specific cohesin component, Rec8, promotes the localization of Mps3 SUN domain protein on the nuclear envelope. Genes Cells 2019; 24:94-106. [PMID: 30417519 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins in the nuclear envelope (NE) play a role in the dynamics and functions of the nucleus and of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Mps3, a yeast NE protein with a conserved SUN domain, predominantly localizes on a yeast centrosome equivalent, spindle pole body (SPB), in mitotic cells. During meiosis, Mps3, together with SPB, forms a distinct multiple ensemble on NE. How meiosis-specific NE localization of Mps3 is regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that a meiosis-specific component of the protein complex essential for sister chromatid cohesion, Rec8, binds to Mps3 during meiosis and controls Mps3 localization and proper dynamics on NE. Ectopic expression of Rec8 in mitotic yeast cells induced the formation of Mps3 patches/foci on NE. This required the cohesin regulator, WAPL ortholog, Rad61/Wpl1, suggesting that a meiosis-specific cohesin complex with Rec8 controls NE localization of Mps3. We also observed that two domains of the nucleoplasmic region of Mps3 are essential for NE localization of Mps3 in mitotic as well as meiotic cells. We speculate that the interaction of Mps3 with the meiosis-specific cohesin in the nucleoplasm is a key determinant for NE localization/function of Mps3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Challa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Higashide
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Nakayama
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Ishiguro K. The cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis. Genes Cells 2019; 24:6-30. [PMID: 30479058 PMCID: PMC7379579 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is an evolutionary conserved multi-protein complex that plays a pivotal role in chromosome dynamics. It plays a role both in sister chromatid cohesion and in establishing higher order chromosome architecture, in somatic and germ cells. Notably, the cohesin complex in meiosis differs from that in mitosis. In mammalian meiosis, distinct types of cohesin complexes are produced by altering the combination of meiosis-specific subunits. The meiosis-specific subunits endow the cohesin complex with specific functions for numerous meiosis-associated chromosomal events, such as chromosome axis formation, homologue association, meiotic recombination and centromeric cohesion for sister kinetochore geometry. This review mainly focuses on the cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis, pointing out the differences in its roles from those in mitosis. Further, common and divergent aspects of the meiosis-specific cohesin complex between mammals and other organisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei‐ichiro Ishiguro
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and GeneticsKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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21
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Burke B. LINC complexes as regulators of meiosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:22-29. [PMID: 29414590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a key processes of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. By combining two cell division cycles with a single round of DNA replication meiosis provides a mechanism to generate haploid gametes. Coincidentally, processes involved in ensuring appropriate segregation of homologous chromosomes also result in genetic recombination and shuffling of genes between each generation. During the first meiotic prophase, rapid telomere-led chromosome movements facilitate alignment and pairing of homologous chromosomes. Forces that produce these movements are generated by the cytoskeleton. Force transmission across the nuclear envelope is dependent upon LINC complexes. These structures consist of SUN and KASH domain proteins that span the two nuclear membranes. Together they represent a pair of links in a molecular chain that couples telomeres to the cytoskeleton. In addition to their force transducing role, LINC complexes also have essential functions ensuring the fidelity of recombination between homologous chromosomes. In this way, LINC complexes are now seen as playing an active and integral role in meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, 06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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22
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Vallotton P, van Oijen AM, Whitchurch CB, Gelfand V, Yeo L, Tsiavaliaris G, Heinrich S, Dultz E, Weis K, Grünwald D. Diatrack particle tracking software: Review of applications and performance evaluation. Traffic 2017; 18:840-852. [PMID: 28945316 PMCID: PMC5677553 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Object tracking is an instrumental tool supporting studies of cellular trafficking. There are three challenges in object tracking: the identification of targets; the precise determination of their position and boundaries; and the assembly of correct trajectories. This last challenge is particularly relevant when dealing with densely populated images with low signal-to-noise ratios-conditions that are often encountered in applications such as organelle tracking, virus particle tracking or single-molecule imaging. We have developed a set of methods that can handle a wide variety of signal complexities. They are compiled into a free software package called Diatrack. Here we review its main features and utility in a range of applications, providing a survey of the dynamic imaging field together with recommendations for effective use. The performance of our framework is shown to compare favorably to a wide selection of custom-developed algorithms, whether in terms of localization precision, processing speed or correctness of tracks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir Gelfand
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Dultz
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biochemistry, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Weis
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biochemistry, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Grünwald
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Worcester MA, USA
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23
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Lee YL, Burke B. LINC complexes and nuclear positioning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:67-76. [PMID: 29191370 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells is their structural plasticity associated with the ability to carry out a broad range of complex functions, both autonomously and as components of tissues and organs. Major cellular rearrangements can be observed in various systems from meiosis in fission yeast, through dermal differentiation in nematodes, to muscle and neuronal development in vertebrates. Each of these processes involves oftentimes dramatic relocation of the nucleus within the cell. During the last decade it has become apparent that the nuclear periphery represents a nexus of cytoskeletal interactions that are involved not only in nuclear movement but also in the distribution and dissemination of mechanical forces throughout the cell. Nucleocytoskeletal coupling is mediated in large part by SUN- and KASH-domain proteins of the nuclear membranes, that together assemble to form LINC (Linker of the Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complexes. In this review we will describe how the LINC complex repertoire contributes to nuclear positioning and chromosome dynamics in a variety of cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Loon Lee
- Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
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24
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Dissecting the telomere-inner nuclear membrane interface formed in meiosis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:1064-1072. [PMID: 29083414 PMCID: PMC5755706 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tethering telomeres to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) allows for homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis. A meiosis-specific protein TERB1 binds the telomeric protein TRF1 to establish telomere-INM connectivity and is essential for mouse fertility. Here we solve the structure of the human TRF1-TERB1 interface to reveal the structural basis for telomere-INM linkage. Disruption of this interface abrogates binding and compromises telomere-INM attachment in mice. An embedded CDK-phosphorylation site within the TRF1-binding region of TERB1 provides a mechanism for cap exchange, a late-pachytene phenomenon involving the dissociation of the TRF1-TERB1 complex. Indeed, further strengthening this interaction interferes with cap exchange. Finally, our biochemical analysis implicates distinct complexes for telomere-INM tethering and chromosome end protection during meiosis. Our studies unravel the structure, stoichiometry, and physiological implications underlying telomere-INM tethering, thereby providing unprecedented insights into the unique function of telomeres in meiosis.
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25
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Kravets EA, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton involvement in processes of cytomixis in plants. Cell Biol Int 2017; 43:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Ivanovna Yemets
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNatl. Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyiv Ukraine
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26
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Alleva B, Smolikove S. Moving and stopping: Regulation of chromosome movement to promote meiotic chromosome pairing and synapsis. Nucleus 2017; 8:613-624. [PMID: 28892406 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1358329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cellular division occurring in organisms capable of sexual reproduction that leads to the formation of gametes containing half of the original chromosome number. During the earliest stage of meiosis, prophase I, pairing of homologous chromosomes is achieved in preparation for their proper distribution in the coming divisions. An important question is how do homologous chromosomes find each other and establish pairing interactions. Early studies demonstrated that chromosomes are dynamic in nature and move during this early stage of meiosis. More recently, there have been several studies across different models showing the conserved nature and importance of this chromosome movement, as well as the key components involved in chromosome movement. This review will cover these major findings and also introduce unexamined areas of regulation in meiotic prophase I chromosome movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Alleva
- a Department of Biology , The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Sarit Smolikove
- a Department of Biology , The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
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27
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Elkouby YM, Mullins MC. Coordination of cellular differentiation, polarity, mitosis and meiosis - New findings from early vertebrate oogenesis. Dev Biol 2017; 430:275-287. [PMID: 28666956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic dissection of early oocyte differentiation in vertebrates is key to advancing our knowledge of germline development, reproductive biology, the regulation of meiosis, and all of their associated disorders. Recent advances in the field include breakthroughs in the identification of germline stem cells in Medaka, in the cellular architecture of the germline cyst in mice, in a mechanistic dissection of chromosomal pairing and bouquet formation in meiosis in mice, in tracing oocyte symmetry breaking to the chromosomal bouquet of meiosis in zebrafish, and in the biology of the Balbiani body, a universal oocyte granule. Many of the major events in early oogenesis are universally conserved, and some are co-opted for species-specific needs. The chromosomal events of meiosis are of tremendous consequence to gamete formation and have been extensively studied. New light is now being shed on other aspects of early oocyte differentiation, which were traditionally considered outside the scope of meiosis, and their coordination with meiotic events. The emerging theme is of meiosis as a common groundwork for coordinating multifaceted processes of oocyte differentiation. In an accompanying manuscript we describe methods that allowed for investigations in the zebrafish ovary to contribute to these breakthroughs. Here, we review these advances mostly from the zebrafish and mouse. We discuss oogenesis concepts across established model organisms, and construct an inclusive paradigm for early oocyte differentiation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv M Elkouby
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary C Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Katsumata K, Nishi E, Afrin S, Narusawa K, Yamamoto A. Position matters: multiple functions of LINC-dependent chromosome positioning during meiosis. Curr Genet 2017; 63:1037-1052. [PMID: 28493118 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome positioning is crucial for multiple chromosomal events, including DNA replication, repair, and recombination. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, which consist of conserved nuclear membrane proteins, were shown to control chromosome positioning and facilitate various biological processes by interacting with the cytoskeleton. However, the precise functions and regulation of LINC-dependent chromosome positioning are not fully understood. During meiosis, the LINC complexes induce clustering of telomeres, forming the bouquet chromosome arrangement, which promotes homologous chromosome pairing. In fission yeast, the bouquet forms through LINC-dependent clustering of telomeres at the spindle pole body (SPB, the centrosome equivalent in fungi) and detachment of centromeres from the SPB-localized LINC. It was recently found that, in fission yeast, the bouquet contributes to formation of the spindle and meiotic centromeres, in addition to homologous chromosome pairing, and that centromere detachment is linked to telomere clustering, which is crucial for proper spindle formation. Here, we summarize these findings and show that the bouquet chromosome arrangement also contributes to nuclear fusion during karyogamy. The available evidence suggests that these functions are universal among eukaryotes. The findings demonstrate that LINC-dependent chromosome positioning performs multiple functions and controls non-chromosomal as well as chromosomal events, and that the chromosome positioning is stringently regulated for its functions. Thus, chromosome positioning plays a much broader role and is more strictly regulated than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Katsumata
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kaoru Narusawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ayumu Yamamoto
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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29
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Lawrimore J, Barry TM, Barry RM, York AC, Friedman B, Cook DM, Akialis K, Tyler J, Vasquez P, Yeh E, Bloom K. Microtubule dynamics drive enhanced chromatin motion and mobilize telomeres in response to DNA damage. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1701-1711. [PMID: 28450453 PMCID: PMC5469612 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that drive DNA damage-induced chromosome mobility include relaxation of external tethers to the nuclear envelope and internal chromatin–chromatin tethers. Together with microtubule dynamics, these can mobilize the genome in response to DNA damage. Chromatin exhibits increased mobility on DNA damage, but the biophysical basis for this behavior remains unknown. To explore the mechanisms that drive DNA damage–induced chromosome mobility, we use single-particle tracking of tagged chromosomal loci during interphase in live yeast cells together with polymer models of chromatin chains. Telomeres become mobilized from sites on the nuclear envelope and the pericentromere expands after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. The magnitude of chromatin mobility induced by a single double-strand break requires active microtubule function. These findings reveal how relaxation of external tethers to the nuclear envelope and internal chromatin–chromatin tethers, together with microtubule dynamics, can mobilize the genome in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lawrimore
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Timothy M Barry
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Raymond M Barry
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Alyssa C York
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Brandon Friedman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Diana M Cook
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kristen Akialis
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jolien Tyler
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Paula Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Elaine Yeh
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kerry Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Lefrançois P, Rockmill B, Xie P, Roeder GS, Snyder M. Multiple Pairwise Analysis of Non-homologous Centromere Coupling Reveals Preferential Chromosome Size-Dependent Interactions and a Role for Bouquet Formation in Establishing the Interaction Pattern. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006347. [PMID: 27768699 PMCID: PMC5074576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, chromosomes undergo a homology search in order to locate their homolog to form stable pairs and exchange genetic material. Early in prophase, chromosomes associate in mostly non-homologous pairs, tethered only at their centromeres. This phenomenon, conserved through higher eukaryotes, is termed centromere coupling in budding yeast. Both initiation of recombination and the presence of homologs are dispensable for centromere coupling (occurring in spo11 mutants and haploids induced to undergo meiosis) but the presence of the synaptonemal complex (SC) protein Zip1 is required. The nature and mechanism of coupling have yet to be elucidated. Here we present the first pairwise analysis of centromere coupling in an effort to uncover underlying rules that may exist within these non-homologous interactions. We designed a novel chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based assay to detect all possible interactions between non-homologous yeast centromeres during early meiosis. Using this variant of 3C-qPCR, we found a size-dependent interaction pattern, in which chromosomes assort preferentially with chromosomes of similar sizes, in haploid and diploid spo11 cells, but not in a coupling-defective mutant (spo11 zip1 haploid and diploid yeast). This pattern is also observed in wild-type diploids early in meiosis but disappears as meiosis progresses and homologous chromosomes pair. We found no evidence to support the notion that ancestral centromere homology plays a role in pattern establishment in S. cerevisiae post-genome duplication. Moreover, we found a role for the meiotic bouquet in establishing the size dependence of centromere coupling, as abolishing bouquet (using the bouquet-defective spo11 ndj1 mutant) reduces it. Coupling in spo11 ndj1 rather follows telomere clustering preferences. We propose that a chromosome size preference for centromere coupling helps establish efficient homolog recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefrançois
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine University of Montreal, Montreal, CANADA
- * E-mail: (PL); (MS)
| | - Beth Rockmill
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Pingxing Xie
- Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal, CANADA
| | - G. Shirleen Roeder
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven, United States of America
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PL); (MS)
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Challa K, Lee MS, Shinohara M, Kim KP, Shinohara A. Rad61/Wpl1 (Wapl), a cohesin regulator, controls chromosome compaction during meiosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:3190-203. [PMID: 26825462 PMCID: PMC4838362 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis-specific cohesin, required for the linking of the sister chromatids, plays a critical role in various chromosomal events during meiotic prophase I, such as chromosome morphogenesis and dynamics, as well as recombination. Rad61/Wpl1 (Wapl in other organisms) negatively regulates cohesin functions. In this study, we show that meiotic chromosome axes are shortened in the budding yeast rad61/wpl1 mutant, suggesting that Rad61/Wpl1 negatively regulates chromosome axis compaction. Rad61/Wpl1 is required for efficient resolution of telomere clustering during meiosis I, indicating a positive effect of Rad61/Wpl1 on the cohesin function required for telomere dynamics. Additionally, we demonstrate distinct activities of Rad61/Wpl1 during the meiotic recombination, including its effects on the efficient processing of intermediates. Thus, Rad61/Wpl1 both positively and negatively regulates various cohesin-mediated chromosomal processes during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Challa
- Institute for Protein Research, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Min-Su Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keun P Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Spichal M, Brion A, Herbert S, Cournac A, Marbouty M, Zimmer C, Koszul R, Fabre E. Evidence for a dual role of actin in regulating chromosome organization and dynamics in yeast. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:681-92. [PMID: 26763908 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes undergo movements that are involved in the regulation of functional processes such as DNA repair. To better understand the origin of these movements, we used fluorescence microscopy, image analysis and chromosome conformation capture to quantify the actin contribution to chromosome movements and interactions in budding yeast. We show that both the cytoskeletal and nuclear actin drive local chromosome movements, independently of Csm4, a putative LINC protein. Inhibition of actin polymerization reduces subtelomere dynamics, resulting in more confined territories and enrichment in subtelomeric contacts. Artificial tethering of actin to nuclear pores increased both nuclear pore complex (NPC) and subtelomere motion. Chromosome loci that were positioned away from telomeres exhibited reduced motion in the presence of an actin polymerization inhibitor but were unaffected by the lack of Csm4. We further show that actin was required for locus mobility that was induced by targeting the chromatin-remodeling protein Ino80. Correlated with this, DNA repair by homologous recombination was less efficient. Overall, interphase chromosome dynamics are modulated by the additive effects of cytoskeletal actin through forces mediated by the nuclear envelope and nuclear actin, probably through the function of actin in chromatin-remodeling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spichal
- INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Biologie et Dynamique des Chromosomes, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France CNRS, UMR 7212, Paris 75010, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75010, France Institut Pasteur, Groupe Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris 75015, France CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alice Brion
- INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Biologie et Dynamique des Chromosomes, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France CNRS, UMR 7212, Paris 75010, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75010, France
| | - Sébastien Herbert
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Imagerie et Modélisation, Paris 75015, France CNRS, URA 2582, Paris 75015, France
| | - Axel Cournac
- Institut Pasteur, Groupe Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris 75015, France CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
| | - Martial Marbouty
- Institut Pasteur, Groupe Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris 75015, France CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
| | - Christophe Zimmer
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Imagerie et Modélisation, Paris 75015, France CNRS, URA 2582, Paris 75015, France
| | - Romain Koszul
- Institut Pasteur, Groupe Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris 75015, France CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
| | - Emmanuelle Fabre
- INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Biologie et Dynamique des Chromosomes, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France CNRS, UMR 7212, Paris 75010, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75010, France Institut Pasteur, Groupe Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris 75015, France CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
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Naranjo T. Contribution of Structural Chromosome Mutants to the Study of Meiosis in Plants. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 147:55-69. [PMID: 26658116 DOI: 10.1159/000442219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition through the complex events of the meiotic process requires the use of gene mutants or RNAi-mediated gene silencing. A considerable number of meiotic mutants have been isolated in plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, maize or rice. However, structural chromosome mutants are also important for the identification of the role developed by different chromosome domains in the meiotic process. This review summarizes the contribution of studies carried out in plants using structural chromosome variations. Meiotic events concerning the search of the homologous partner, the control of number and distribution of chiasmata, the mechanism of pairing correction, and chromosome segregation are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Naranjo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Kim DI, Birendra KC, Roux KJ. Making the LINC: SUN and KASH protein interactions. Biol Chem 2015; 396:295-310. [PMID: 25720065 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell nuclei are physically integrated with the cytoskeleton through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, a structure that spans the nuclear envelope to link the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton. Outer nuclear membrane KASH domain proteins and inner nuclear membrane SUN domain proteins interact to form the core of the LINC complex. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the reported protein-protein interactions for KASH and SUN domain proteins. This critical structure, directly connecting the genome with the rest of the cell, contributes to a myriad of cellular functions and, when perturbed, is associated with human disease.
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Christophorou N, Rubin T, Bonnet I, Piolot T, Arnaud M, Huynh JR. Microtubule-driven nuclear rotations promote meiotic chromosome dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1388-400. [PMID: 26458247 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At the onset of meiosis, each chromosome needs to find its homologue and pair to ensure proper segregation. In Drosophila, pairing occurs during the mitotic cycles preceding meiosis. Here we show that germ cell nuclei undergo marked movements during this developmental window. We demonstrate that microtubules and Dynein are driving nuclear rotations and are required for centromere pairing and clustering. We further found that Klaroid (SUN) and Klarsicht (KASH) co-localize with centromeres at the nuclear envelope and are required for proper chromosome motions and pairing. We identified Mud (NuMA in vertebrates) as co-localizing with centromeres, Klarsicht and Klaroid. Mud is also required to maintain the integrity of the nuclear envelope and for the correct assembly of the synaptonemal complex. Our findings reveal a mechanism for chromosome pairing in Drosophila, and indicate that microtubules, centrosomes and associated proteins play a crucial role in the dynamic organization of chromosomes inside the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Christophorou
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rubin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 168, UPMC, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Piolot
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Marion Arnaud
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Jean-René Huynh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
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36
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Abstract
Production of gametes of halved ploidy for sexual reproduction requires a specialized cell division called meiosis. The fusion of two gametes restores the original ploidy in the new generation, and meiosis thus stabilizes ploidy across generations. To ensure balanced distribution of chromosomes, pairs of homologous chromosomes (homologs) must recognize each other and pair in the first meiotic division. Recombination plays a key role in this in most studied species, but it is not the only actor and particular chromosomal regions are known to facilitate the meiotic pairing of homologs. In this review, we focus on the roles of centromeres and in particular on the clustering and pairwise associations of nonhomologous centromeres that precede stable pairing between homologs. Although details vary from species to species, it is becoming increasingly clear that these associations play active roles in the meiotic chromosome pairing process, analogous to those of the telomere bouquet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Da Ines
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, Clermont Université, INSERM U1103, Aubière, France; ,
| | - Charles I White
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, Clermont Université, INSERM U1103, Aubière, France; ,
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37
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A computational study of dsDNA pairs and vibrational resonance in separating water. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2015; 8:329-35. [PMID: 26396657 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-014-9157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between molecular sequence and dependent interacting behavior of molecular segment pairs and secondly, sequence dependent, vibrational resonance in surrounding normal saline, protein-free water. The development of a molecular model to explore these systems phenomena, the results of several nanoscale molecular dynamics simulations, and analysis of behavior of interacting ΦX174 double-stranded DNA segment pair models in various configurations are presented. Fourier analysis revealed intriguing vibration frequencies within the solvent plane between the segments, while subsequent frequency domain transformation of the time domain waveforms revealed statistically significant resonating harmonic signals in the THz range.
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38
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Zhang B, Xu M, Bian S, Hou L, Tang D, Li Y, Gu M, Cheng Z, Yu H. Global Identification of Genes Specific for Rice Meiosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137399. [PMID: 26394329 PMCID: PMC4578934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptotene-zygotene transition is a major step in meiotic progression during which pairing between homologous chromosomes is initiated and double strand breaks occur. OsAM1, a homologue of maize AM1 and Arabidopsis SWI1, encodes a protein with a coiled-coil domain in its central region that is required for the leptotene-zygotene transition during rice meiosis. To gain more insight into the role of OsAM1 in rice meiosis and identify additional meiosis-specific genes, we characterized the transcriptomes of young panicles of Osam1 mutant and wild-type rice plants using RNA-Seq combined with bioinformatic and statistical analyses. As a result, a total of 25,750 and 28,455 genes were expressed in young panicles of wild-type and Osam1 mutant plants, respectively, and 4,400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; log2 Ratio ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05) were identified. Of these DEGs, four known rice meiosis-specific genes were detected, and 22 new putative meiosis-related genes were found by mapping these DEGs to reference biological pathways in the KEGG database. We identified eight additional well-conserved OsAM1-responsive rice meiotic genes by comparing our RNA-Seq data with known meiotic genes in Arabidopsis and fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shiquan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lili Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hengxiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- * E-mail:
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Lee CY, Horn HF, Stewart CL, Burke B, Bolcun-Filas E, Schimenti JC, Dresser ME, Pezza RJ. Mechanism and regulation of rapid telomere prophase movements in mouse meiotic chromosomes. Cell Rep 2015; 11:551-63. [PMID: 25892231 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere-led rapid prophase movements (RPMs) in meiotic prophase have been observed in diverse eukaryote species. A shared feature of RPMs is that the force that drives the chromosomal movements is transmitted from the cytoskeleton, through the nuclear envelope, to the telomeres. Studies in mice suggested that dynein movement along microtubules is transmitted to telomeres through SUN1/KASH5 nuclear envelope bridges to generate RPMs. We monitored RPMs in mouse seminiferous tubules using 4D fluorescence imaging and quantitative motion analysis to characterize patterns of movement in the RPM process. We find that RPMs reflect a combination of nuclear rotation and individual chromosome movements. The telomeres move along microtubule tracks that are apparently continuous with the cytoskeletal network and exhibit characteristic arrangements at different stages of prophase. Quantitative measurements confirmed that SUN1/KASH5, microtubules, and dynein, but not actin, were necessary for RPMs and that defects in meiotic recombination and synapsis resulted in altered RPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ying Lee
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Henning F Horn
- Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Colin L Stewart
- Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Laborotory of Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | | | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Michael E Dresser
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Varas J, Graumann K, Osman K, Pradillo M, Evans DE, Santos JL, Armstrong SJ. Absence of SUN1 and SUN2 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to a delay in meiotic progression and defects in synapsis and recombination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:329-46. [PMID: 25412930 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The movement of chromosomes during meiosis involves location of their telomeres at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN) domain proteins are inner nuclear envelope proteins that are part of complexes linking cytoskeletal elements with the nucleoskeleton, connecting telomeres to the force-generating mechanism in the cytoplasm. These proteins play a conserved role in chromosome dynamics in eukaryotes. Homologues of SUN domain proteins have been identified in several plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two proteins that interact with each other, named AtSUN1 and AtSUN2, have been identified. Immunolocalization using antibodies against AtSUN1 and AtSUN2 proteins revealed that they were associated with the nuclear envelope during meiotic prophase I. Analysis of the double mutant Atsun1-1 Atsun2-2 has revealed severe meiotic defects, namely a delay in the progression of meiosis, absence of full synapsis, the presence of unresolved interlock-like structures, and a reduction in the mean cell chiasma frequency. We propose that in Arabidopsis thaliana, overlapping functions of SUN1 and SUN2 ensure normal meiotic recombination and synapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Varas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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The dissection of meiotic chromosome movement in mice using an in vivo electroporation technique. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004821. [PMID: 25502938 PMCID: PMC4263375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, the rapid movement of telomeres along the nuclear envelope (NE) facilitates pairing/synapsis of homologous chromosomes. In mammals, the mechanical properties of chromosome movement and the cytoskeletal structures responsible for it remain poorly understood. Here, applying an in vivo electroporation (EP) technique in live mouse testis, we achieved the quick visualization of telomere, chromosome axis and microtubule organizing center (MTOC) movements. For the first time, we defined prophase sub-stages of live spermatocytes morphologically according to GFP-TRF1 and GFP-SCP3 signals. We show that rapid telomere movement and subsequent nuclear rotation persist from leptotene/zygotene to pachytene, and then decline in diplotene stage concomitant with the liberation of SUN1 from telomeres. Further, during bouquet stage, telomeres are constrained near the MTOC, resulting in the transient suppression of telomere mobility and nuclear rotation. MTs are responsible for these movements by forming cable-like structures on the NE, and, probably, by facilitating the rail-tacking movements of telomeres on the MT cables. In contrast, actin regulates the oscillatory changes in nuclear shape. Our data provide the mechanical scheme for meiotic chromosome movement throughout prophase I in mammals. Meiosis is a special type of cell division for gametogenesis, errors in which cause several genetic disorders such as infertility and Down syndrome. In meiotic prophase I, chromosomes are tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE) through telomeres, and move rapidly along the NE to get homologs aligned and juxtaposed. Following homologous recombination and synapsis, the bivalent chromosome structure is established, which promotes genetic varieties, and also ensures accurate chromosome segregation in following anaphase I. Although there have been extensive studies addressing meiotic chromosome dynamics in yeast and worms, the same in mammalian meiosis remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized an in vivo electroporation (EP) technique to visualize chromosome movement in live mouse spermatocytes. We, for the first time, define the meiotic sub-stages in live cells based on telomeres and chromosome axis morphologies, and reveal chromosome movements regulated in a stage-specific manner. Putting the live-observations together with our cytological observations in fixed cells, we propose that meiotic chromosome movements in mammals are mediated by the rail-tracking movement of telomeres along the MT cables surrounding the meiotic nucleus.
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Subramanian VV, Hochwagen A. The meiotic checkpoint network: step-by-step through meiotic prophase. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a016675. [PMID: 25274702 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The generation of haploid gametes by meiosis is a highly conserved process for sexually reproducing organisms that, in almost all cases, involves the extensive breakage of chromosomes. These chromosome breaks occur during meiotic prophase and are essential for meiotic recombination as well as the subsequent segregation of homologous chromosomes. However, their formation and repair must be carefully monitored and choreographed with nuclear dynamics and the cell division program to avoid the creation of aberrant chromosomes and defective gametes. It is becoming increasingly clear that an intricate checkpoint-signaling network related to the canonical DNA damage response is deeply interwoven with the meiotic program and preserves order during meiotic prophase. This meiotic checkpoint network (MCN) creates a wide range of dependent relationships controlling chromosome movement, chromosome pairing, chromatin structure, and double-strand break (DSB) repair. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the MCN. We discuss commonalities and differences in different experimental systems, with a particular emphasis on the emerging design principles that control and limit cross talk between signals to ultimately ensure the faithful inheritance of chromosomes by the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Hochwagen
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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Sau S, Conrad MN, Lee CY, Kaback DB, Dresser ME, Jayaram M. A selfish DNA element engages a meiosis-specific motor and telomeres for germ-line propagation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:643-61. [PMID: 24914236 PMCID: PMC4050733 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201312002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The yeast 2 micron plasmid engages a meiosis-specific motor that orchestrates telomere-led chromosome movements for its telomere-associated segregation during meiosis I. The chromosome-like mitotic stability of the yeast 2 micron plasmid is conferred by the plasmid proteins Rep1-Rep2 and the cis-acting locus STB, likely by promoting plasmid-chromosome association and segregation by hitchhiking. Our analysis reveals that stable plasmid segregation during meiosis requires the bouquet proteins Ndj1 and Csm4. Plasmid relocalization from the nuclear interior in mitotic cells to the periphery at or proximal to telomeres rises from early meiosis to pachytene. Analogous to chromosomes, the plasmid undergoes Csm4- and Ndj1-dependent rapid prophase movements with speeds comparable to those of telomeres. Lack of Ndj1 partially disrupts plasmid–telomere association without affecting plasmid colocalization with the telomere-binding protein Rap1. The plasmid appears to engage a meiosis-specific motor that orchestrates telomere-led chromosome movements for its telomere-associated segregation during meiosis I. This hitherto uncharacterized mode of germ-line transmission by a selfish genetic element signifies a mechanistic variation within the shared theme of chromosome-coupled plasmid segregation during mitosis and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Sau
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Michael N Conrad
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Chih-Ying Lee
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - David B Kaback
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101
| | - Michael E Dresser
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Makkuni Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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Yamamoto A. Gathering up meiotic telomeres: a novel function of the microtubule-organizing center. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2119-34. [PMID: 24413667 PMCID: PMC11113538 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During meiosis, telomeres cluster and promote homologous chromosome pairing. Telomere clustering depends on conserved SUN and KASH domain nuclear membrane proteins, which form a complex called the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) and connect telomeres with the cytoskeleton. It has been thought that LINC-mediated cytoskeletal forces induce telomere clustering. However, how cytoskeletal forces induce telomere clustering is not fully understood. Recent study of fission yeast has shown that the LINC complex forms the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) at the telomere, which has been designated as the "telocentrosome", and that microtubule motors gather telomeres via telocentrosome-nucleated microtubules. This MTOC-dependent telomere clustering might be conserved in other eukaryotes. Furthermore, the MTOC-dependent clustering mechanism appears to function in various other biological events. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of the mechanism of meiotic telomere clustering and discusses the universality of the MTOC-dependent clustering mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka, 422-8529, Japan,
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Ishiguro KI, Kim J, Shibuya H, Hernández-Hernández A, Suzuki A, Fukagawa T, Shioi G, Kiyonari H, Li XC, Schimenti J, Höög C, Watanabe Y. Meiosis-specific cohesin mediates homolog recognition in mouse spermatocytes. Genes Dev 2014; 28:594-607. [PMID: 24589552 PMCID: PMC3967048 DOI: 10.1101/gad.237313.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosome (homolog) pairing is promoted by several layers of regulation that include dynamic chromosome movement and meiotic recombination. However, the way in which homologs recognize each other remains a fundamental issue in chromosome biology. Here, we show that homolog recognition or association initiates upon entry into meiotic prophase before axis assembly and double-strand break (DSB) formation. This homolog association develops into tight pairing only during or after axis formation. Intriguingly, the ability to recognize homologs is retained in Sun1 knockout spermatocytes, in which telomere-directed chromosome movement is abolished, and this is the case even in Spo11 knockout spermatocytes, in which DSB-dependent DNA homology search is absent. Disruption of meiosis-specific cohesin RAD21L precludes the initial association of homologs as well as the subsequent pairing in spermatocytes. These findings suggest the intriguing possibility that homolog recognition is achieved primarily by searching for homology in the chromosome architecture as defined by meiosis-specific cohesin rather than in the DNA sequence itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
| | - Jihye Kim
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | | | - Aussie Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Xin C. Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Vertebrate Genomics, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - John Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Vertebrate Genomics, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S171 77, Sweden
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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46
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Da Ines O, Gallego ME, White CI. Recombination-independent mechanisms and pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:492-501. [PMID: 24375719 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is the specialized eukaryotic cell division that permits the halving of ploidy necessary for gametogenesis in sexually reproducing organisms. This involves a single round of DNA replication followed by two successive divisions. To ensure balanced segregation, homologous chromosome pairs must migrate to opposite poles at the first meiotic division and this means that they must recognize and pair with each other beforehand. Although understanding of the mechanisms by which meiotic chromosomes find and pair with their homologs has greatly advanced, it remains far from being fully understood. With some notable exceptions such as male Drosophila, the recognition and physical linkage of homologs at the first meiotic division involves homologous recombination. However, in addition to this, it is clear that many organisms, including plants, have also evolved a series of recombination-independent mechanisms to facilitate homolog recognition and pairing. These implicate chromosome structure and dynamics, telomeres, centromeres, and, most recently, small RNAs. With a particular focus on plants, we present here an overview of understanding of these early, recombination-independent events that act in the pairing of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Da Ines
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, Clermont Université, INSERM U1103, 63171 Aubière, France
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Stewart CL, Burke B. The missing LINC: a mammalian KASH-domain protein coupling meiotic chromosomes to the cytoskeleton. Nucleus 2014; 5:3-10. [PMID: 24637401 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pairing of homologous chromosome is a unique event in meiosis that is essential for both haploidization of the genome and genetic recombination. Rapid chromosome movements during meiotic prophase are a key feature of the pairing process. This is usually telomere-led, and in metazoans is dependent upon microtubules and dynein. Chromosome movements culminate in the formation of a meiotic "bouquet" in which nuclear envelope-associated telomeres are clustered at the centrosomal pole of the nucleus. Bouquet formation is thought to facilitate homolog pairing. Recent studies reveal that coupling of telomeres to cytoplasmic dynein is mediated by SUN1 in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and KASH5 a novel protein of the outer nuclear membrane (ONM). Together SUN1 and KASH5 assemble to form a transluminal LINC (linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex that spans both nuclear membranes. SUN1 forms attachment sites for telomeres at the INM while KASH5 functions as a dynein adaptor at the ONM. In mice deficient in KASH5, homologous chromosome pairing does not occur. The result is that meiosis is arrested at the leptotene/zygotene stage of meiotic prophase 1, and as a consequence both male and female mice are infertile. This study demonstrates an essential role for dynein directed telomere movement during meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology; Immunos; Singapore
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Shibuya H, Ishiguro KI, Watanabe Y. The TRF1-binding protein TERB1 promotes chromosome movement and telomere rigidity in meiosis. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:145-56. [PMID: 24413433 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, telomere-mediated chromosomal movement along the nuclear envelope is crucial for homologue pairing and synapsis. However, how telomeres are modified to mediate chromosome movement is largely elusive. Here we show that mammalian meiotic telomeres are fundamentally modified by a meiosis-specific Myb-domain protein, TERB1, that localizes at telomeres in mouse germ cells. TERB1 forms a heterocomplex with the canonical telomeric protein TRF1 and binds telomere repeat DNA. Disruption of Terb1 in mice abolishes meiotic chromosomal movement and impairs homologous pairing and synapsis, causing infertility in both sexes. TERB1 promotes telomere association with the nuclear envelope and deposition of the SUN-KASH complex, which recruits cytoplasmic motor complexes. TERB1 also binds and recruits cohesin to telomeres to develop structural rigidity, strikingly reminiscent of centromeres. Our study suggests that TERB1 acts as a central hub for the assembly of a conserved meiotic telomere complex required for chromosome movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shibuya
- 1] Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [2] Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- 1] Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [2] Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Collado-Romero M, Alós E, Prieto P. Unravelling the proteomic profile of rice meiocytes during early meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:356. [PMID: 25104955 PMCID: PMC4109522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of genetic traits from wild or related species into cultivated rice is nowadays an important aim in rice breeding. Breeders use genetic crosses to introduce desirable genes from exotic germplasms into cultivated rice varieties. However, in many hybrids there is only a low level of pairing (if existing) and recombination at early meiosis between cultivated rice and wild relative chromosomes. With the objective of getting deeper into the knowledge of the proteins involved in early meiosis, when chromosomes associate correctly in pairs and recombine, the proteome of isolated rice meiocytes has been characterized by nLC-MS/MS at every stage of early meiosis (prophase I). Up to 1316 different proteins have been identified in rice isolated meiocytes in early meiosis, being 422 exclusively identified in early prophase I (leptotene, zygotene, or pachytene). The classification of proteins in functional groups showed that 167 were related to chromatin structure and remodeling, nucleic acid binding, cell-cycle regulation, and cytoskeleton. Moreover, the putative roles of 16 proteins which have not been previously associated to meiosis or were not identified in rice before, are also discussed namely: seven proteins involved in chromosome structure and remodeling, five regulatory proteins [such as SKP1 (OSK), a putative CDK2 like effector], a protein with RNA recognition motifs, a neddylation-related protein, and two microtubule-related proteins. Revealing the proteins involved in early meiotic processes could provide a valuable tool kit to manipulate chromosome associations during meiosis in rice breeding programs. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with the PXD001058 identifier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Prieto
- *Correspondence: Pilar Prieto, Plant Breeding Department, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus Alameda del Obispo, Apartado 4084, Córdoba 14080, Spain e-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori K. Cahoon
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - R. Scott Hawley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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