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Zhra M, Magableh AM, Samhan LM, Fatani LM, Qasem RJ, Aljada A. The Expression of a Subset of Aging and Antiaging Markers Following the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Placental Origin. Cells 2024; 13:1022. [PMID: 38920652 PMCID: PMC11201886 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of placental origin hold great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for diseases affecting cartilage and bone. However, their utility has been limited by their tendency to undergo premature senescence and phenotypic drift into adipocytes. This study aimed to explore the potential involvement of a specific subset of aging and antiaging genes by measuring their expression prior to and following in vitro-induced differentiation of placental MSCs into chondrocytes and osteoblasts as opposed to adipocytes. The targeted genes of interest included the various LMNA/C transcript variants (lamin A, lamin C, and lamin A∆10), sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), and SM22α, along with the classic aging markers plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), p53, and p16INK4a. MSCs were isolated from the decidua basalis of human term placentas, expanded, and then analyzed for phenotypic properties by flow cytometry and evaluated for colony-forming efficiency. The cells were then induced to differentiate in vitro into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes following established protocols. The mRNA expression of the targeted genes was measured by RT-qPCR in the undifferentiated cells and those fully differentiated into the three cellular lineages. Compared to undifferentiated cells, the differentiated chondrocytes demonstrated decreased expression of SIRT7, along with decreased PAI-1, lamin A, and SM22α expression, but the expression of p16INK4a and p53 increased, suggesting their tendency to undergo premature senescence. Interestingly, the cells maintained the expression of lamin C, which indicates that it is the primary lamin variant influencing the mechanoelastic properties of the differentiated cells. Notably, the expression of all targeted genes did not differ from the undifferentiated cells following osteogenic differentiation. On the other hand, the differentiation of the cells into adipocytes was associated with decreased expression of lamin A and PAI-1. The distinct patterns of expression of aging and antiaging genes following in vitro-induced differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes potentially reflect specific roles for these genes during and following differentiation in the fully functional cells. Understanding these roles and the network of signaling molecules involved can open opportunities to improve the handling and utility of MSCs as cellular precursors for the treatment of cartilage and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Zhra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Magableh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lara M. Samhan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lein M. Fatani
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rani J. Qasem
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Marques-Carvalho A, Silva B, Pereira FB, Kim HN, Almeida M, Sardão VA. Oestradiol and osteoclast differentiation: Effects on p53 and mitochondrial metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14195. [PMID: 38519718 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen deficiency increases bone resorption, contributing to osteoporosis development. Yet, the mechanisms mediating the effects of oestrogen on osteoclasts remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the early metabolic alteration induced by RANKL, the essential cytokine in osteoclastogenesis and 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) on osteoclast progenitor cells, using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages as biological models. RESULTS This research demonstrated that, in osteoclast precursors, RANKL stimulates complex I activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondria-derived ATP production as early as 3 h of exposure. This effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics is associated with an increased capacity to oxidize TCA cycle substrates, fatty acids and amino acids. E2 inhibited all effects of RANKL on mitochondria metabolism. In the presence of RANKL, E2 also decreased cell number and stimulated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway, detected as early as 3 h. Further, the pro-apoptotic effects of E2 during osteoclast differentiation were associated with an accumulation of p392S-p53 in mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the early effects of RANKL on osteoclast progenitor metabolism and suggest novel p53-mediated mechanisms that contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco B Pereira
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Aging (MIA-Portugal), University of Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Zhang P, Li B, Chen H, Ge Z, Shang Q, Liang D, Yu X, Ren H, Jiang X, Cui J. RNA sequencing-based approaches to identifying disulfidptosis-related diagnostic clusters and immune landscapes in osteoporosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8198-8216. [PMID: 38738994 PMCID: PMC11131997 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Disulfidptosis, a newly recognized cell death triggered by disulfide stress, has garnered attention for its potential role in osteoporosis (OP) pathogenesis. Although sulfide-related proteins are reported to regulate the balance of bone metabolism in OP, the precise involvement of disulfidptosis regulators remains elusive. Herein, leveraging the GSE56815 dataset, we conducted an analysis to delineate disulfidptosis-associated diagnostic clusters and immune landscapes in OP. Subsequently, vertebral bone tissues obtained from OP patients and controls were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for the validation of key disulfidptosis gene expression. Our analysis unveiled seven significant disulfidptosis regulators, including FLNA, ACTB, PRDX1, SLC7A11, NUBPL, OXSM, and RAC1, distinguishing OP samples from controls. Furthermore, employing a random forest model, we identified four diagnostic disulfidptosis regulators including FLNA, SLC7A11, NUBPL, and RAC1 potentially predictive of OP risk. A nomogram model integrating these four regulators was constructed and validated using the GSE35956 dataset, demonstrating promising utility in clinical decision-making, as affirmed by decision curve analysis. Subsequent consensus clustering analysis stratified OP samples into two different disulfidptosis subgroups (clusters A and B) using significant disulfidptosis regulators, with cluster B exhibiting higher disulfidptosis scores and implicating monocyte immunity, closely linked to osteoclastogenesis. Notably, RNA-seq analysis corroborated the expression patterns of two disulfidptosis modulators, PRDX1 and OXSM, consistent with bioinformatics predictions. Collectively, our study sheds light on disulfidptosis patterns, offering potential markers and immunotherapeutic avenues for future OP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Bing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhilin Ge
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - De Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hui Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jianchao Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Lee C, Park YH, Cho B, Lee HA. A network-based approach to explore comorbidity patterns among community-dwelling older adults living alone. GeroScience 2024; 46:2253-2264. [PMID: 37924440 PMCID: PMC10828172 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed comorbidity patterns of community-dwelling older adults have not yet been explored. This study employed a network-based approach to investigate the comorbidity patterns of community-dwelling older adults living alone. The sample comprised a cross-sectional cohort of adults 65 or older living alone in a Korean city (n = 1041; mean age = 77.7 years, 77.6% women). A comorbidity network analysis that estimates networks aggregated from measures of significant co-occurrence between pairs of diseases was employed to investigate comorbid associations between 31 chronic conditions. A cluster detection algorithm was employed to identify specific clusters of comorbidities. The association strength was expressed as the observed-to-expected ratio (OER). As a result, fifteen diseases were interconnected within the network (OER > 1, p-value < .05). While hypertension had a high prevalence, osteoporosis was the most central disease, co-occurring with numerous other diseases. The strongest associations among comorbidities were found between thyroid disease and urinary incontinence, chronic otitis media and osteoporosis, gastric duodenal ulcer/gastritis and anemia, and depression and gastric duodenal ulcer/gastritis (OER > 1.85). Three distinct clusters were identified as follows: (a) cataracts, osteoporosis, chronic otitis media, osteoarthritis/rheumatism, low back pain/sciatica, urinary incontinence, post-accident sequelae, and thyroid diseases; (b) hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension; and (c) depression, skin disease, gastric duodenal ulcer/gastritis, and anemia. The results may prove valuable in guiding the early diagnosis, management, and treatment of comorbidities in older adults living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyoung Lee
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Yeon-Hwan Park
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- The Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
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Usategui-Martín R, Galindo-Cabello N, Pastor-Idoate S, Fernández-Gómez JM, del Real Á, Ferreño D, Lapresa R, Martín-Rodriguez F, Riancho JA, Almeida Á, Pérez-Castrillón JL. A Missense Variant in TP53 Could Be a Genetic Biomarker Associated with Bone Tissue Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1395. [PMID: 38338673 PMCID: PMC10855390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases cover a broad spectrum of disorders that share alterations in bone metabolism that lead to a defective skeleton, which is associated with increasing morbidity, disability, and mortality. There is a close connection between the etiology of metabolic bone diseases and genetic factors, with TP53 being one of the genes associated therewith. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Arg72Pro of TP53 is a genetic factor associated with several pathologies, including cancer, stroke, and osteoporosis. Here, we aim to analyze the influence of the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP on bone mass in humanized Tp53 Arg72Pro knock-in mice. This work reports on the influence of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in bone microarchitecture, OPG expression, and apoptosis bone status. The results show that the proline variant of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism (Pro72-p53) is associated with deteriorated bone tissue, lower OPG/RANK ratio, and lower apoptosis in bone tissue. In conclusion, the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism modulates bone microarchitecture and may be a genetic biomarker that can be used to identify individuals with an increased risk of suffering metabolic bone alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-G.)
- IOBA—Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Nadia Galindo-Cabello
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-G.)
- IOBA—Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | - José María Fernández-Gómez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-G.)
| | - Álvaro del Real
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (Á.d.R.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Diego Ferreño
- Laboratory of the Materials Science and Engineering Division—LADICIM, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.L.); (Á.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José A. Riancho
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (Á.d.R.); (J.A.R.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Ángeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.L.); (Á.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Castrillón
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Rio Hortega of Valladolid, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
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Velentza L, Wickström M, Kogner P, Ohlsson C, Zaman F, Sävendahl L. Humanin Treatment Protects Against Venetoclax-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in Ex Vivo Cultured Rat Bones. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae009. [PMID: 38328478 PMCID: PMC10848303 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Recent preclinical studies reported that the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax can impair bone growth. A strategy to prevent such a side effect of this promising anticancer drug is highly desired. Earlier in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the mitochondrial peptide humanin has the potential to prevent drug-induced growth impairment. Objective We hypothesized that co-treatment with the humanin analog HNG may prevent venetoclax-induced bone growth impairment. Methods Ex vivo studies were performed in fetal rat metatarsal bones and human growth plate samples cultured for 12 and 2 days, respectively, while in vivo studies were performed in young neuroblastoma mice being treated daily for 14 days. The treatment groups included venetoclax, HNG, venetoclax plus HNG, or vehicle. Bone growth was continuously monitored and at the end point, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in fixed tissues. Results Venetoclax suppressed metatarsal bone growth and when combined with HNG, bone growth was rescued and all histological parameters affected by venetoclax monotherapy were normalized. Mechanistic studies showed that HNG downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and p53 in cultured metatarsals and human growth plate tissues, respectively. The study in a neuroblastoma mouse model confirmed a growth-suppressive effect of venetoclax treatment. In this short-term in vivo study, no significant bone growth-rescuing effect could be verified when testing HNG at a single dose. We conclude that humanin dose-dependently protects ex vivo cultured metatarsal bones from venetoclax-induced bone growth impairment by restoring the growth plate microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Velentza
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Farasat Zaman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Park SY, Kim D, Jung JW, An HJ, Lee J, Park Y, Lee D, Lee S, Kim JM. Targeting class A GPCRs for hard tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122425. [PMID: 38100905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in various pathogeneses and physiological regulations. Owing to their functional diversity, GPCRs are considered one of the primary pharmaceutical targets. However, drugs targeting GPCRs have not been developed yet to regenerate hard tissues such as teeth and bones. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation potential, which are essential for hard tissue regeneration. Here, we present a strategy for targeting class A GPCRs for hard tissue regeneration by promoting the differentiation of endogenous MSCs into osteogenic and odontogenic progenitor cells. Through in vitro screening targeted at class A GPCRs, we identified six target receptors (LPAR1, F2R, F2RL1, F2RL2, S1PR1, and ADORA2A) and candidate drugs with potent biomineralization effects. Through a combination of profiling whole transcriptome and accessible chromatin regions, we identified that p53 acts as a key transcriptional activator of genes that modulate the biomineralization process. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of class A GPCR-targeting drugs was demonstrated in tooth pulpotomy and calvarial defect models. The selected drugs revealed potent regenerative effects in both tooth and bone defects, represented by newly formed highly mineralized regions. Consequently, this study provides translational evidence for a new regenerative strategy for damaged hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Won Jung
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasun Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Fugio LB, Silva G, Ferraz CL, Trevisan GL, Coeli-Lacchini FB, Garcia CB, Sousa LO, Malta TM, Gil CD, Leopoldino AM. Accumulation of sphingosine kinase 2 protein induces malignant transformation in oral keratinocytes associated with stemness, autophagy, senescence, and proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119616. [PMID: 37898377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling has been widely explored as a therapeutic target in cancer. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), one of the kinases that phosphorylate sphingosine, has a cell type and cell location-dependent mechanism of action, so the ability of SK2 to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, and survival is strongly influenced by the cell-context. In contrast to SK1, which is widely studied in different types of cancer, including head and neck cancer, the role of SK2 in the development and progression of oral cancer is still poorly understood. In order to elucidate SK2 role in oral cancer, we performed the overexpression of SK2 in non-tumor oral keratinocyte cell (NOK SK2) and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (HN12 SK2), and RNA interference for SK2 in another oral squamous cell carcinoma (HN13 shSK2). In our study we demonstrate for the first time that accumulation of SK2 can be a starting point for oncogenesis and transforms a non-tumor oral keratinocyte (NOK-SI) into highly aggressive tumor cells, even acting on cell plasticity. Furthermore, in oral metastatic cell line (HN12), SK2 contributed even more to the tumorigenesis, inducing proliferation and tumor growth. Our work reveals the intriguing role of SK2 as an oral tumor promoter and regulator of different pathways and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Brigliadori Fugio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Ferraz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glauce Lunardelli Trevisan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borchers Coeli-Lacchini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Bernadelli Garcia
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Sousa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of the State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Qiao X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhang L, Cai X, Ma JA, Ji J, Lyons K, Boström KI, Yao Y. Cell Transitions Contribute to Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss. Cells 2023; 12:1810. [PMID: 37508475 PMCID: PMC10377921 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss is a toxic effect of long-term therapy with glucocorticoids resulting in a significant increase in the risk of fracture. Here, we find that glucocorticoids reciprocally convert osteoblast-lineage cells into endothelial-like cells. This is confirmed by lineage tracing showing the induction of endothelial markers in osteoblast-lineage cells following glucocorticoid treatment. Functional studies show that osteoblast-lineage cells isolated from glucocorticoid-treated mice lose their capacity for bone formation but simultaneously improve vascular repair. We find that the glucocorticoid receptor directly targets Foxc2 and Osterix, and the modulations of Foxc2 and Osterix drive the transition of osteoblast-lineage cells to endothelial-like cells. Together, the results suggest that glucocorticoids suppress osteogenic capacity and cause bone loss at least in part through previously unrecognized osteoblast-endothelial transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Lyons
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Yao X, Li P, Deng Y, Yang Y, Luo H, He B. Role of p53 in promoting BMP9‑induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through TGF‑β1. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:248. [PMID: 37153899 PMCID: PMC10160913 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Known as a tumour suppressor gene, p53 also plays a key role in controlling the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) has been identified as a potent factor in inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but its relationship with p53 remains unclear. The present study revealed that TP53 was expressed at higher levels in MSCs from patients with osteoporosis and was associated with the top 10 core central genes found in the current osteoporosis genetic screen. p53 was expressed in C2C12, C3H10T1/2, 3T3-L1, MEFs, and MG-63 cell lines, and could be upregulated by BMP9, as measured by western blotting and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, overexpression of p53 increased the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic marker Runx2 and osteopontin, as evaluated by western blotting and RT-qPCR in BMP9-induced MSCs, whereas the p53 inhibitor pifithrin (PFT)-α attenuated these effects. The same trend was found in alkaline phosphatase activities and matrix mineralization, as measured by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red S staining. Moreover, p53 overexpression reduced adipo-differentiation markers of PPARγ and lipid droplet formation, as measured by western blotting, RT-qPCR and oil red O staining, respectively, whereas PFT-α facilitated adipo-differentiation in MSCs. In addition, p53 promoted TGF-β1 expression and inhibition of TGF-β1 by LY364947 partially attenuated the effects of p53 on promoting BMP9-induced MSC osteo-differentiation and inhibiting adipo-differentiation. The inhibitory effect of PFT-α on osteogenic markers and the promoting effect on adipogenic markers can be reversed when combined with TGF-β1. TGF-β1 may enhance the promotion of osteo-differentiation of MSCs by p53 through inhibition of adipo-differentiation. Collectively, by promoting BMP9-induced MSCs bone differentiation and inhibiting adipose differentiation, p53 may be a novel therapeutic target for bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Honghong Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Baicheng He
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Baicheng He, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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11
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Wang H, Luo Y, Wang H, Li F, Yu F, Ye L. Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti-osteoporosis therapies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e244. [PMID: 37188325 PMCID: PMC10175743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti-osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti-resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long-term or high-frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state-of-art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti-osteoporosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuchuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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12
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Li D, Gao Z, Li Q, Liu X, Liu H. Cuproptosis-a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1135181. [PMID: 37214253 PMCID: PMC10196240 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disease of bone metabolism marked by reduced bone mineral density and impaired bone strength. The disease causes the bones to weaken and break more easily. Osteoclasts participate in bone resorption more than osteoblasts participate in bone formation, disrupting bone homeostasis and leading to osteoporosis. Currently, drug therapy for osteoporosis includes calcium supplements, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, calcitonin, bisphosphates, and other medications. These medications are effective in treating osteoporosis but have side effects. Copper is a necessary trace element in the human body, and studies have shown that it links to the development of osteoporosis. Cuproptosis is a recently proposed new type of cell death. Copper-induced cell death regulates by lipoylated components mediated via mitochondrial ferredoxin 1; that is, copper binds directly to the lipoylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in lipoylated protein accumulation and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, leading to proteotoxic stress and eventually cell death. Therapeutic options for tumor disorders include targeting the intracellular toxicity of copper and cuproptosis. The hypoxic environment in bone and the metabolic pathway of glycolysis to provide energy in cells can inhibit cuproptosis, which may promote the survival and proliferation of various cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, effector T cells, and macrophages, thereby mediating the osteoporosis process. As a result, our group tried to explain the relationship between the role of cuproptosis and its essential regulatory genes, as well as the pathological mechanism of osteoporosis and its effects on various cells. This study intends to investigate a new treatment approach for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis that is beneficial to the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjie Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Wang JS, Tokavanich N, Wein MN. SP7: from Bone Development to Skeletal Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:241-252. [PMID: 36881265 PMCID: PMC10758296 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the different roles of the transcription factor SP7 in regulating bone formation and remodeling, discuss current studies in investigating the causal relationship between SP7 mutations and human skeletal disease, and highlight potential therapeutic treatments that targeting SP7 and the gene networks that it controls. RECENT FINDINGS Cell-type and stage-specific functions of SP7 have been identified during bone formation and remodeling. Normal bone development regulated by SP7 is strongly associated with human bone health. Dysfunction of SP7 results in common or rare skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta with different inheritance patterns. SP7-associated signaling pathways, SP7-dependent target genes, and epigenetic regulations of SP7 serve as new therapeutic targets in the treatment of skeletal disorders. This review addresses the importance of SP7-regulated bone development in studying bone health and skeletal disease. Recent advances in whole genome and exome sequencing, GWAS, multi-omics, and CRISPR-mediated activation and inhibition have provided the approaches to investigate the gene-regulatory networks controlled by SP7 in bone and the therapeutic targets to treat skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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p53 Inhibition in Pancreatic Progenitors Enhances the Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Pancreatic β-Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:942-952. [PMID: 36707464 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells (MPCs) co-expressing the transcription factors, PDX1 and NKX6.1, are the source of functional pancreatic β-cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of p53 inhibition in MPCs on the generation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ MPCs and pancreatic β-cell generation. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were differentiated into MPCs and β-cells. hESC-MPCs (stage 4) were treated with different concentrations of p53 inhibitors, and their effect was evaluated using different approaches. NKX6.1 was overexpressed during MPCs specification. Inhibition of p53 using pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ) at the MPC stage resulted in a significant increase in the number of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ cells and a reduction in the number of CHGA+/NKX6.1- cells. Further differentiation of MPCs treated with PFT-μ into pancreatic β-cells showed that PFT-μ treatment did not significantly change the number of C-Peptide+ cells; however, the number of C-PEP+ cells co-expressing glucagon (polyhormonal) was significantly reduced in the PFT-μ treated cells. Interestingly, overexpression of NKX6.1 in hESC-MPCs enhanced the expression of key MPC genes and dramatically suppressed p53 expression. Our findings demonstrated that the p53 inhibition during stage 4 of differentiation enhanced MPC generation, prevented premature endocrine induction and favored the differentiation into monohormonal β-cells. These findings suggest that adding a p53 inhibitor to the differentiation media can significantly enhance the generation of monohormonal β-cells.
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15
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Li B, Wang J, Xu F, Wang Q, Liu Q, Wang G, Miao D, Sun Q. LncRNA RAD51-AS1 Regulates Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Interaction with YBX1 to Ameliorate Osteoporosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:170-187. [PMID: 35727431 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a new key regulatory molecule in the occurrence of osteoporosis, but its research is still in the primary stage. In order to study the role and mechanism of lncRNA in the occurrence of osteoporosis, we reannotated the GSE35956 datasets, compared and analyzed the differential expression profiles of lncRNAs between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) from healthy and osteoporotic patients, and then screened a lncRNA RAD51-AS1 with low expression in hBMSCs from osteoporotic patients, and its role in the occurrence of osteoporosis has not been studied. We confirmed that the expression level of lncRNA RAD51-AS1 in hBMSCs from patients with osteoporosis was significantly lower than those from healthy donors. A nuclear cytoplasmic separation experiment and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that RAD51-AS1 was mainly located in the nucleus. RAD51-AS1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and significantly increased their apoptosis, while RAD51-AS1 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and ectopic bone formation of hBMSCs. Mechanistically, we found that RAD51-AS1 banded to YBX1 and then activated the TGF-β signal pathway by binding to Smad7 and Smurf2 mRNA to inhibit their translation and transcription up-regulated PCNA and SIVA1 by binding to their promoter regions. In conclusion, RAD51-AS1 promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by binding YBX1, inhibiting the translation of Smad7 and Smurf2, and transcriptionally up-regulated PCNA and SIVA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Fangrong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Qinjue Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Guantong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211161, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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16
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Advanced 3D Magnetic Scaffolds for Tumor-Related Bone Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416190. [PMID: 36555827 PMCID: PMC9788029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for bone substitutes is a major challenge as the incidence of serious bone disorders is massively increasing, mainly attributed to modern world problems, such as obesity, aging of the global population, and cancer incidence. Bone cancer represents one of the most significant causes of bone defects, with reserved prognosis regarding the effectiveness of treatments and survival rate. Modern therapies, such as hyperthermia, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and magnetic therapy, seem to bring hope for cancer treatment in general, and bone cancer in particular. Mimicking the composition of bone to create advanced scaffolds, such as bone substitutes, proved to be insufficient for successful bone regeneration, and a special attention should be given to control the changes in the bone tissue micro-environment. The magnetic manipulation by an external field can be a promising technique to control this micro-environment, and to sustain the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, promoting the expression of some growth factors, and, finally, accelerating new bone formation. By incorporating stimuli responsive nanocarriers in the scaffold's architecture, such as magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive molecules, their behavior can be rigorously controlled under external magnetic driving, and stimulates the bone tissue formation.
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17
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Skeletal Pathology and Degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6948367. [PMID: 36203882 PMCID: PMC9532118 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6948367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial in regulating a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 is the most critical molecule in the UPS system. Dysregulation of the UPS system is associated with many conditions. Over the past few decades, there have been an increasing number of studies focusing on the UPS system and how it affects bone metabolism. Multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been found to mediate osteogenesis or osteolysis through a variety of pathways. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of UPS, especially E3 ubiquitin ligases on bone metabolism. To date, many E3 ubiquitin ligases have been found to regulate osteogenesis or osteoclast differentiation. We review the classification of these E3 enzymes and the mechanisms that influence upstream and downstream molecules and transduction pathways. Finally, this paper reviews the discovery of the relevant UPS inhibitors, drug molecules, and noncoding RNAs so far and prospects the future research and treatment.
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18
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A Review of Signaling Transduction Mechanisms in Osteoclastogenesis Regulation by Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179846. [PMID: 36077242 PMCID: PMC9456406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis is an ongoing rigorous course that includes osteoclast precursors fusion and bone resorption executed by degradative enzymes. Osteoclastogenesis is controlled by endogenous signaling and/or regulators or affected by exogenous conditions and can also be controlled both internally and externally. More evidence indicates that autophagy, inflammation, and immunity are closely related to osteoclastogenesis and involve multiple intracellular organelles (e.g., lysosomes and autophagosomes) and certain inflammatory or immunological factors. Based on the literature on osteoclastogenesis induced by different regulatory aspects, emerging basic cross-studies have reported the emerging disquisitive orientation for osteoclast differentiation and function. In this review, we summarize the partial potential therapeutic targets for osteoclast differentiation and function, including the signaling pathways and various cellular processes.
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Liao PS, Chiu CC, Fu YH, Hsia CC, Yang YC, Lee KF, Hsieh SL, Kuo SJ. Incidence of Hip Fractures among Patients with Chronic Otitis Media: The Real-World Data. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081138. [PMID: 36013605 PMCID: PMC9416011 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic otitis media (COM) has been considered as a localized disease, and its systemic impact is poorly understood. Whether COM-induced inflammation could be associated with systemic bone loss and hip fracture is unknown at present. Our study tried to determine the risk of hip fracture among COM patients. We selected the comparison individuals without the COM coding and paired the controls with COM patients by gender, age, and comorbidities (including osteoporosis) by about a one-to-two ratio. Our study showed that the incidence of hip fracture was 4.48 and 3.92 per 1000 person-years for comparison and COM cohorts respectively. The cumulative incidence of hip fracture is higher in the COM cohort (p < 0.001). After adjustment for gender, age, and comorbidities, the COM patients had a 1.11-fold (aHR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.05−1.17) risk of hip fracture than the control subjects. Among COM patients, a history of hearing loss is associated with higher (aHR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.20−1.42) fracture risk. Our study showed that COM patients, especially those with hearing loss, are susceptible to a higher risk for hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shao Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Chiu
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Fu
- Department of Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsia
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Feng Lee
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lin Hsieh
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.H.); (S.-J.K.)
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.H.); (S.-J.K.)
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20
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Bolamperti S, Villa I, Rubinacci A. Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence. Bone Res 2022; 10:48. [PMID: 35851054 PMCID: PMC9293977 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was initially thought that the basic multicellular unit (BMU) responsible for bone remodeling consists of osteoclasts and osteoblasts functioning through a hierarchical sequence of events organized into distinct stages. However, recent discoveries have indicated that all bone cells participate in BMU formation by interacting both simultaneously and at different differentiation stages with their progenitors, other cells, and bone matrix constituents. Therefore, bone remodeling is currently considered a physiological outcome of continuous cellular operational processes optimized to confer a survival advantage. Bone remodeling defines the primary activities that BMUs need to perform to renew successfully bone structural units. Hence, this review summarizes the current understanding of bone remodeling and future research directions with the aim of providing a clinically relevant biological background with which to identify targets for therapeutic strategies in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bolamperti
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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21
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Trp53 controls chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification by negative regulation of TAZ activity and stability via β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:317. [PMID: 35831272 PMCID: PMC9279315 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) is a critical regulator of cell fate determination by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Ablation of Trp53 signaling in osteoblast lineages significantly promotes osteogenesis, bone formation, and bone remodeling. However, how Trp53 regulates chondrogenesis and endochondral bone formation is undefined. In this study, we found that Trp53 expression gradually decreased in tibia growth plates during embryonic development in vivo and during chondrogenesis in vitro. By deleting Trp53 in chondrocyte lineage using Col2-Cre transgenic line, we found that loss of Trp53 in chondrocytes significantly increased growth plate growth and bone formation by increasing chondrocyte proliferation, matrix production and maturation, and bone dynamic formation rate. Mechanistically, our data revealed loss of Trp53 significantly promoted TAZ transcriptional activity through inhibition of TAZ phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, whereas its activity was pronouncedly inhibited after forced expression of Trp53. Furthermore, Co-IP data demonstrated that Trp53 associated with TAZ. Moreover, Trp53 decreased the stability of TAZ protein and promoted its degradation through β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination. Ablation of TAZ in Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f mice rescued the phenotypes of enhanced chondrogenesis and bone formation caused by Trp53 deletion. Collectively, this study revealed that Trp53 modulates chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification through negative regulation of TAZ activity and stability, suggesting that targeting Trp53 signaling may be a potential strategy for fracture healing, heterotopic ossification, arthritis, and other bone diseases.
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22
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Li Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Yang S. Deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells drives osteosarcoma progression by activating glucose metabolism and YAP signaling. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e131. [PMID: 35615117 PMCID: PMC9026232 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism reprogramming is a critical factor in the progression of multiple cancers and is directly regulated by many tumor suppressors. However, how glucose metabolism regulates osteosarcoma development and progression is largely unknown. Cathepsin K (Ctsk) has been reported to express in chondroprogenitor cells and stem cells besides osteoclasts. Moreover, mutations in the tumor suppressors transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) and retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) are evident in approximately 50%-70% of human osteosarcoma. To understand how deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells drives tumorigenesis, we generated the Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mouse model. Our data revealed that those mice developed osteosarcoma without formation of tumor in osteoclast lineage. The level of cortical bone destruction was gradually increased in parallel to the osteosarcoma progression rate. Through mechanistic studies, we found that loss of Trp53/Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells significantly elevated Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression and activity. YAP/TEAD1 complex binds to the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) promoter to upregulate Glut1 expression. Upregulated Glut1 expression led to overactive glucose metabolism, increasing osteosarcoma progression. Ablation of YAP signaling inhibited energy metabolism and delayed osteosarcoma progression in Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice. Collectively, these findings provide proof of principle that inhibition of YAP activity may be a potential strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Innovation & Precision DentistrySchool of Dental MedicineSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal DisordersSchool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Verteporfin Inhibits the Progression of Spontaneous Osteosarcoma Caused by Trp53 and Rb1 Deficiency in Ctsk-Expressing Cells via Impeding Hippo Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081361. [PMID: 35456040 PMCID: PMC9031376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and adolescents. Others and our previous studies have shown that Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as core components of the Hippo pathway are crucial regulators of osteosarcoma formation and progression. Recent studies demonstrated that verteporfin (VP) is an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ signaling in xenograft osteosarcoma. However, whether VP can inhibit primary osteosarcoma in mice is unknown. Mutations of Trp53 and Rb1 occur in approximately 50~70% of human osteosarcoma. In this study, we successfully generated the Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice in which Trp53/Rb1 was ablated in Ctsk-expressing cells and found that Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice spontaneously developed osteosarcoma with increased expansive osteoid lesions in the cortical bone with aging. Loss of Trp53/Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells significantly promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ. Micro-CT results showed that inhibition of YAP/TAZ by VP delays osteosarcoma progression and protected against bone erosion in Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice. Importantly, the Kaplan–Meier survival curves displayed a significantly longer survival rate after VP treatment in Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice compared to non-injected groups. In vitro studies further showed that VP inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in Trp53/Rb1-mutant Ctsk-expressing cells. Moreover, the results from promoter luciferase activity analysis showed that the transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissue from Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice, which was attenuated by VP treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that targeting Hippo pathway by VP may be a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
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Zheng H, Fu J, Chen Z, Yang G, Yuan G. Dlx3 Ubiquitination by Nuclear Mdm2 Is Essential for Dentinogenesis in Mice. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1064-1074. [PMID: 35220830 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221077202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin is a major mineralized component of teeth. Odontoblasts are responsible for synthesis and secretion of dentin matrix. Previously, it has been demonstrated in a cell culture system that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), promotes odontoblast-like differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs) by ubiquitinating p53 and the odontoblast-specific substrate Dlx3. However, whether Mdm2 plays an essential role in vivo in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vivo functions of Mdm2 using Dmp1-Cre;Mdm2 flox/flox mice combined with multiple histological and molecular biological methods. The results showed that Mdm2 deletion in the odontoblast layer led to defects in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Unexpectedly, specific inhibition of the Mdm2-p53 axis in wild-type mice by injection of a small-molecule inhibitor Nutlin-3a indicated that the role of Mdm2 in dentinogenesis was p53 independent, which was inconsistent with the previous in vitro study. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) showed that Mdm2 interacted with and ubiquitinated Dlx3 in the odontoblast nucleus of mouse molars. Dlx3 promoted the translocation of Mdm2 to the nucleus, and in turn, the nuclear Mdm2 mediated ubiquitination of Dlx3 and promoted the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs. Dlx3 interacted with Mdm2 through its C-terminal domain. Deletion of the C-terminal domain of Dlx3 reversed the enhanced odontoblast-like differentiation and the activation of Dspp promoter mediated by overexpression of wild-type or nuclear Mdm2. Our findings suggest that nuclear Mdm2 mediates ubiquitination of the transcription factor Dlx3, which is essential for Dlx3 transcriptional activity on Dspp as well as subsequent odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J. Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z. Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G. Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G. Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Guo W, Yang XG, Shi YL, Wang H. The effects and mechanism of paeoniflorin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:90. [PMID: 35164817 PMCID: PMC8842535 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures is increasing every year. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can shed new light on the treatment of osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of paeoniflorin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of an osteoblast precursor cell line (MC3T3-E1). Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) and OIM combined with different concentrations of paeoniflorin. The optimal dose of paeoniflorin was assessed by a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Then, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining were performed to assess the osteogenic capacity of paeoniflorin. The transcription of osteogenic genes and the expression of osteogenic proteins were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The transcription of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes and proteins was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Finally, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, was used to identify whether the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in the osteogenic differentiation of paeoniflorin. Osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells was identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Results At concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM, paeoniflorin was not cytotoxic to MC3T3-E1 cells. Paeoniflorin significantly increased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, paeoniflorin significantly increased osteogenic differentiation gene and protein expression. Through bioinformatic analysis, paeoniflorin-affected genes were found to be involved in different signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Paeoniflorin enhanced β-catenin and CyclinD1 expression compared with that of the control groups. DKK-1 partially reversed the promoting effects of paeoniflorin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, paeoniflorin inhibited the osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion Paeoniflorin promotes osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Paeoniflorin is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Osteogenesis. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 58:medicina58010061. [PMID: 35056369 PMCID: PMC8779043 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells with the potential ability to differentiate into various cells and the ability to self-renew and resemble fibroblasts. These cells can adhere to plastic to facilitate the culture process. MSCs can be used in research into tissue biotechnology and rejuvenation medicine. MSCs are also beneficial in recipient tissue and differentiate as a breakthrough strategy through paracrine activity. Many databases have shown MSC-based treatment can be beneficial in the reduction of osteogenesis induced by senescence. In this article, we will discuss the potential effect of MSCs in senescence cells related to osteogenesis.
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Xu Y, Zhou C, Li J, Xu Y, He F. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals potential osteogenesis-promoted role of ATM in strontium-incorporated titanium implant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:964-975. [PMID: 34897987 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to reveal the osteogenic roles played by DNA damage response biomarkers through implementing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique. First, sandblasted large-grit double acid-etched (SLA) titanium implant and strontium-incorporated (SLA-Sr) titanium implant were used for inserting in the tibiae of rats. iTRAQ technique was used to detect protein expression changes and identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). In total, 19,343 peptides and 4280 proteins were screened out. Among them, 91 and 138 DEPs were identified in the SLA-Sr group after implantation for 3 and 7 days, respectively. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein up-regulated on the 3rd day showed a trend of further up-regulation on the 7th day. Moreover, functional enrichment analyses were also conducted to explore the biological function of DEPs during the initial stage of osseointegration in vivo, which revealed that the biological functions of the DEPs on the 7th day were mainly related to "mismatch repair" and "mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint." Analysis of the Reactome signaling pathway showed that ATM was associated with TP53's regulation and activation. Finally, DNA damage repair related genes were selected for validation at mRNA and protein expression levels. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry validation results demonstrated that mRNA expression level of ATM was higher in SLA-Sr group. In conclusion, SLA-Sr titanium implant could initiate DNA damage repair by activating expression levels of ATM. This study was striving to reveal new faces of better osseointegration and shedding light on the biological function and underlying mechanisms of this important procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangbo Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuming He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Frattini A, Bolamperti S, Valli R, Cipolli M, Pinto RM, Bergami E, Frau MR, Cesaro S, Signo M, Bezzerri V, Porta G, Khan AW, Rubinacci A, Villa I. Enhanced p53 Levels Are Involved in the Reduced Mineralization Capacity of Osteoblasts Derived from Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413331. [PMID: 34948128 PMCID: PMC8707819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SBDS gene, a factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. By analyzing osteoblasts from SDS patients (SDS-OBs), we show that SDS-OBs displayed reduced SBDS gene expression and reduced/undetectable SBDS protein compared to osteoblasts from healthy subjects (H-OBs). SDS-OBs cultured in an osteogenic medium displayed a lower mineralization capacity compared to H-OBs. Whole transcriptome analysis showed significant differences in the gene expression of SDS-OBs vs. H-OBs, particularly in the ossification pathway. SDS-OBs expressed lower levels of the main genes responsible for osteoblastogenesis. Of all downregulated genes, Western blot analyses confirmed lower levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I in SDS-OBs than in H-OBs. Interestingly, SDS-OBs showed higher protein levels of p53, an inhibitor of osteogenesis, compared to H-OBs. Silencing of Tp53 was associated with higher collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase protein levels and an increase in SDS-OB mineralization capacity. In conclusion, our results show that the reduced capacity of SDS-OBs to mineralize is mediated, at least in part, by the high levels of p53 and highlight an important role of SBDS in osteoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Frattini
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), UOS Milano CNR, Via Fantoli, 15/16, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332217113
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rita Maria Pinto
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Ospedale Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S.Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elena Bergami
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Frau
- Pediatrics and Intensive Neonatal Therapy, Ospedale San Francesco, Via Salvatore Mannironi, 08100 Nuoro, Italy;
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Ospedale Donna Bambino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michela Signo
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca, 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
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Osteoblast-specific inactivation of p53 results in locally increased bone formation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249894. [PMID: 34793446 PMCID: PMC8601510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 (encoded by the Trp53 gene) is relevant for development and growth of different cancers, including osteosarcoma, a primary bone tumor mostly affecting children and young adolescents. We have previously shown that deficiency of the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (Rsk2) limits osteosarcoma growth in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the proto-oncogene c-Fos. Our initial aim for the present study was to address the question, if Rsk2 deficiency would also influence osteosarcoma growth in another mouse model. For that purpose, we took advantage of Trp53fl/fl mice, which were crossed with Runx2Cre transgenic mice in order to inactivate p53 specifically in osteoblast lineage cells. However, since we unexpectedly identified Runx2Cre-mediated recombination also in the thymus, the majority of 6-month-old Trp53fl/fl;Runx2-Cre (thereafter termed Trp53Cre) animals displayed thymic lymphomas, similar to what has been described for Trp53-deficient mice. Since we did not detect osteosarcoma formation at that age, we could not follow our initial aim, but we studied the skeletal phenotype of Trp53Cre mice, with or without additional Rsk2 deficiency. Here we unexpectedly observed that Trp53Cre mice display a unique accumulation of trabecular bone in the midshaft region of the femur and the humerus, consistent with its previously established role as a negative regulator of osteoblastogenesis. Since this local bone mass increase in Trp53Cre mice was significantly reduced by Rsk2 deficiency, we isolated bone marrow cells from the different groups of mice and analyzed their behavior ex vivo. Here we observed a remarkable increase of colony formation, osteogenic differentiation and proliferation in Trp53Cre cultures, which was unaffected by Rsk2 deficiency. Our data thereby confirm a critical and tumorigenesis-independent function of p53 as a key regulator of mesenchymal cell differentiation.
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30
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Lena AM, Foffi E, Agostini M, Mancini M, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Aberdam D, Velletri T, Shi Y, Melino G, Wang Y, Candi E. TAp63 regulates bone remodeling by modulating the expression of TNFRSF11B/Osteoprotegerin. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2428-2441. [PMID: 34763601 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1985772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RUNX2, Run-trelated transcription factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Foffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tania Velletri
- Cogentech Società Benefit Srl, Parco Scientifico E Tecnologico Della Sicilia, Catania, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- Cas Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ying Wang
- Cas Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta, Rome, IT
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31
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Ren Z, Raut NA, Lawal TO, Patel SR, Lee SM, Mahady GB. Peonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin increase osteoblast differentiation and reduce RANKL-induced bone resorption in transgenic medaka. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6255-6269. [PMID: 34704297 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies suggest a positive impact of anthocyanins on bone health; however, the mechanisms of anthocyanins altering the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are not fully understood. This work demonstrates that dietary anthocyanins and resveratrol increased proliferation of cultured human hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. In addition, treatment of serum starvation of hFOB osteoblasts with anthocyanins and resveratrol at 1.0 μg/ml reduced apoptosis, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, p53, and HDAC1 expression, but increased SIRT1/3 and PGC1α mRNA expression, suggesting mitochondrial and epigenetic regulation. In Sp7/osterix:mCherry transgenic medaka, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and resveratrol increased osteoblast differentiation and increased the expression of Sp7/osterix. Cyanidin, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and resveratrol also reduced RANKL-induced ectopic osteoclast formation and bone resorption in col10α1:nlGFP/rankl:HSE:CFP medaka in doses of 1-4 μg/ml. The results indicate that both cyanidin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside have anabolic effects on bone, increasing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and by altering the osteoblast epigenome. Cyanidin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside also reduced RANKL-induced bone resorption in a transgenic medaka model of bone resorption. Thus, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin appear to both increase bone formation and reduce bone loss, suggesting that they be further investigated as potential treatments for osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Ren
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nishikant A Raut
- Raman Fellow, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Temitope O Lawal
- Schlumberger Fellow, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Shital R Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon M Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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32
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Matveeva NY, Kalinichenko SG, Kostiv RE. Dynamics of Renewal of Cell Populations of the Bone Tissue on the Surface of Titanium Implants with Bioactive Coating during Fracture Modeling in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:559-565. [PMID: 34549337 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Localization of PCNA, CD44, osteocalcin, Mdm2, p53, and caspase-3 on the surface of implant with calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite coating was studied by immunocytochemical method in a model of femur fracture in rats. PCNA+, Ost+, CD44+, and Mdm2+ cells were found in the periosteum, in the layer of the outer surrounding plates, and in the connective tissue of the Haversian canals. Cell density increased on day 7 after fracture and then decreased by day 30. The number of p53+ and CASP3+ cells reached a maximum on day 14 (they were predominantly located in the periosteum and bone plates adjacent to it) and decreased by day 30. Calcium phosphate coating stimulated proliferative activity of cells at the early stages of the regeneration phase and apoptotic death at the later stages. Components of coating can be viewed as a positioning clue for differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. The effectiveness of reparative osteogenesis is determined by the balance of proliferative and destructive factors at the site of the fracture healing. This process can be optimized with various nanostructured materials with osteoinductive properties, in particular bioresorbable calcium phosphate coatings on titanium implants. However, the influence of these components on the state of cambial cells, their differentiation, and positioning in the repair zone is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Matveeva
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Pacific State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - S G Kalinichenko
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Pacific State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - R E Kostiv
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Pacific State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia
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Izbudak B, Cecen B, Anaya I, Miri AK, Bal-Ozturk A, Karaoz E. Layered double hydroxide-based nanocomposite scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30237-30252. [PMID: 35480250 PMCID: PMC9041101 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), when incorporated into biomaterials, provide a tunable composition, controllable particle size, anion exchange capacity, pH-sensitive solubility, high-drug loading efficiency, efficient gene and drug delivery, controlled release and effective intracellular uptake, natural biodegradability in an acidic medium, and negligible toxicity. In this review, we study potential applications of LDH-based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering. We address how LDHs provide new solutions for nanostructure stability and enhance in vivo studies' success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Izbudak
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Berivan Cecen
- Biofabrication Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University Glassboro NJ 08028 USA.,School of Medical Engineering, Science and Health, Rowan University Camden NJ 08103 USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University 34010 Zeytinburnu Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ingrid Anaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey CP 64849 Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Amir K Miri
- Biofabrication Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University Glassboro NJ 08028 USA.,School of Medical Engineering, Science and Health, Rowan University Camden NJ 08103 USA
| | - Ayca Bal-Ozturk
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey .,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing (LivMedCell) Istanbul Turkey
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Kalinichenko SG, Matveeva NY, Kostiv RY, Edranov SS. The effect of calcium phosphate biodegradable coatings of titanium implants on cell differentiation and apoptosis in rat bone tissue after experimental fracture. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 32:53-62. [PMID: 33252059 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of bone repair is determined by the balance of proliferative and destructive factors in the fracture union site. It can be enhanced by using various nanostructured materials possessing osteoinductive properties, in particular titanium implants with biodegradable calcium phosphate coatings. The effects of these coatings on the state of stem cells, their differentiation and distribution in the repair zone is unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the dynamics of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells after experimental fracture followed by implantation of titanium implants with calcium phosphate coatings. METHODS The localization of proliferation (PCNA) and differentiation (CD44 and osteocalcin) factors and apoptotic molecules (MDM2, p53, caspase-3) was studied in a rat femoral fracture model with implant placement. Titanium implant screws with bioactive calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation were used in the study. Experimental rats were arranged into three groups (15 animals per group): control group; rats implanted with uncoated implants; and rats implanted with coated implants. Control rats were subject to a similar fracture as experimental ones and were allowed to heal conservatively. Rats from all groups were sampled on days 7, 14, and 30 after injury. RESULTS Low-differentiated PCNA-, osteocalcin-, and CD44-immunopositive cells were localized around the implant in the inner layer of the periosteum, layer of outer circumferential lamellae, and connective tissue lining of haversian canals. The spatial density of cells expressing the above proliferation and differentiation factors, as well as that of MDM2-immunoreactive cells, increased on day 7 and decreased by day 30 after injury. The spatial density of apoptotic cells reached the maximum on day 14 after injury. They were mainly found in the inner layer of the periosteum and outer circumferential lamellae. p53- and caspase-3-positive cells occurred on the surface of the concentric lamellae surrounding haversian canals and under the periosteum. Their spatial density decreased by day 30 after injury. CONCLUSIONS Calcium phosphate coatings stimulate cell proliferation at early stages of fracture restoration and apoptotic cell death at later stages. Coating components may provide positional information guiding the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. A change in the activity of apoptotic factors, osteocalcin, and CD44 is caused by gene induction in response to the diffusion of calcium phosphate compounds from coating to surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kalinichenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Natalya Yu Matveeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman Ye Kostiv
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey S Edranov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russia
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35
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Mandour M, Chen S, van de Sande MGH. The Role of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in Disease Initiation in Spondyloarthritis: Lessons Learned From Animal Models. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618581. [PMID: 34267743 PMCID: PMC8276000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a spectrum of chronic inflammatory joint diseases that frequently presents with inflammation of the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, entheses, skin, and gut. Understanding SpA pathogenesis has been proven challenging due to the limited availability of human target tissues. In recent years, the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SpA, in addition to the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) cytokine. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which the IL-23/IL-17 pathway triggers disease initiation, both in the joints as well as at extra-musculoskeletal sites, are not precisely known. Animal models that resemble pathological features of human SpA have provided possibilities for in-depth molecular analyses of target tissues during various phases of the disease, including the pre-clinical initiation phase of the disease before arthritis and spondylitis are clinically present. Herein, we summarize recent insights gained in SpA animal models on the role of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in immune activation across affected sites in SpA, which include the joint, entheses, gut and skin. We discuss how local activation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis may contribute to the development of tissue inflammation and the onset of clinically manifest SpA. The overall aim is to provide the reader with an overview of how the IL-23/IL-17 axis could contribute to the onset of SpA pathogenesis. We discuss how insights from animal studies into the initiation phase of disease could instruct validation studies in at-risk individuals and thereby provide a perspective for potential future preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mandour
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marleen G. H. van de Sande
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wnt/ß-catenin-mediated p53 suppression is indispensable for osteogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:521. [PMID: 34021120 PMCID: PMC8139956 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and molecular machineries regulating their fate and differentiation are far from defined owing to their complexity. Osteoblasts and adipocytes are descended from common MPCs. Their fates are collectively determined by an orchestra of pathways in response to physiological and external cues. The canonical Wnt pathway signals MPCs to commit to osteogenic differentiation at the expense of adipogenic fate. In contrast to ß-catenin, p53’s anti-osteogenic function is much less understood. Both activities are thought to be achieved through targeting Runx2 and/or Osterix (Osx, Sp7) transcription. Precisely, how Osx activity is dictated by ß-catenin or p53 is not clarified and represents a knowledge gap that, until now, has largely been taken for granted. Using conditional lineage-tracing mice, we demonstrated that chondrocytes gave rise to a sizable fraction of MPCs, which served as progenitors of chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts (Chon-ob). Wnt/ß-catenin activity was only required at the stage of chondrocyte-derived mesenchymal progenitor (C-MPC) to Chon-ob differentiation. ß-catenin– C-MPCs lost osteogenic ability and favored adipogenesis. Mechanistically, we discovered that p53 activity was elevated in ß-catenin– MPCs including ß-catenin– C-MPCs and deleting p53 from the ß-catenin– MPCs fully restored osteogenesis. While high levels of p53 were present in the nuclei of ß-catenin– MPCs, Osx was confined to the cytoplasm, implying a mechanism that did not involve direct p53-Osx interaction. Furthermore, we found that p53’s anti-osteogenic activity was dependent on its DNA-binding ability. Our findings identify chondrocytes as an additional source for MPCs and indicate that Wnt/ß-catenin discretely regulates chondrocyte to C-MPC and the subsequent C-MPC to osteoblast developments. Most of all we unveil a previously unrecognized functional link between ß-catenin and p53, placing p53’s negative role in the context of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling-induced MPC osteogenic differentiation.
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Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115445. [PMID: 34064134 PMCID: PMC8196788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone remodeling, a controlled and balanced process between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoblasts secrete matrix, with some being buried within the newly formed bone, and differentiate to osteocytes. During embryogenesis, bones are formed through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification. The former involves a direct differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor to osteoblasts, and the latter is through a cartilage template that is subsequently converted to bone. Advances in lineage tracing, cell sorting, and single-cell transcriptome studies have enabled new discoveries of gene regulation, and new populations of skeletal stem cells in multiple niches, including the cartilage growth plate, chondro-osseous junction, bone, and bone marrow, in embryonic development and postnatal life. Osteoblast differentiation is regulated by a master transcription factor RUNX2 and other factors such as OSX/SP7 and ATF4. Developmental and environmental cues affect the transcriptional activities of osteoblasts from lineage commitment to differentiation at multiple levels, fine-tuned with the involvement of co-factors, microRNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, circadian rhythm, and the microenvironments. In this review, we will discuss these topics in relation to transcriptional controls in osteogenesis.
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Zheng HL, Xu WN, Zhou WS, Yang RZ, Chen PB, Liu T, Jiang LS, Jiang SD. Beraprost ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating Nedd4-induced Runx2 ubiquitination. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:497. [PMID: 33993186 PMCID: PMC8124066 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone health requires adequate bone mass, which is maintained by a critical balance between bone resorption and formation. In our study, we identified beraprost as a pivotal regulator of bone formation and resorption. The administration of beraprost promoted differentiation of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (M-BMSCs) through the PI3K–AKT pathway. In co-culture, osteoblasts stimulated with beraprost inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a rankl-dependent manner. Bone mass of p53 knockout mice remained stable, regardless of the administration of beraprost, indicating that p53 plays a vital role in the bone mass regulation by beraprost. Mechanistic in vitro studies showed that p53 binds to the promoter region of neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (Nedd4) to promote its transcription. As a ubiquitinating enzyme, Nedd4 binds to runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which results in its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. These data indicate that the p53–Nedd4–Runx2 axis is an effective regulator of bone formation and highlight the potential of beraprost as a therapeutic drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ning Xu
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Ze Yang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Bo Chen
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200082, Shanghai, China.
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Pathogenesis and Current Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Perspectives for Future Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061182. [PMID: 33809018 PMCID: PMC8000603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. The standard-of-care curative treatment for osteosarcoma utilizes doxorubicin, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate, a standard that has not changed in more than 40 years. The development of patient-specific therapies requires an in-depth understanding of the unique genetics and biology of the tumor. Here, we discuss the role of normal bone biology in osteosarcomagenesis, highlighting the factors that drive normal osteoblast production, as well as abnormal osteosarcoma development. We then describe the pathology and current standard of care of osteosarcoma. Given the complex heterogeneity of osteosarcoma tumors, we explore the development of novel therapeutics for osteosarcoma that encompass a series of molecular targets. This analysis of pathogenic mechanisms will shed light on promising avenues for future therapeutic research in osteosarcoma.
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40
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Shi W, Lu J, Li J, Qiu M, Lu Y, Gu J, Kong X, Sun W. Piperlongumine Attenuates High Calcium/Phosphate-Induced Arterial Calcification by Preserving P53/PTEN Signaling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:625215. [PMID: 33644124 PMCID: PMC7903972 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.625215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification frequently occurs in the process of chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis and aging, resulting in an increased prevalence of cardiovascular events. Piperlongumine (PLG) is a natural product isolated from Piper longum L. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of PLG in high calcium- and phosphate-induced vascular calcification and the associated mechanism. Flow cytometry assays showed that PLG at concentrations <10 μM did not promote vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) apoptosis, and PLG at concentrations >2.5 μM inhibited VSMCs proliferation. Thus, 2.5 μM PLG was selected for subsequent experiments. Alizarin red staining and ALP activity assays showed that PLG inhibited calcium deposition of VSMCs treated with high calcium/phosphate medium. PLG also decreased the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins, including Runx2, Bmp2, and OPN, as determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting. In a vitamin D-induced aortic calcification mouse model, a 5 mg/kg dose of PLG decreased calcium deposition in the aortic wall as well as Runx2 expression. With regard to the mechanism, we found that the levels of P53 mRNA and protein in both VSMCs and mouse aortic tissues were decreased in the calcification models, and we observed that PLG preserved the levels of P53 and its downstream gene PTEN. Concurrent treatment of VSMCs with P53 ShRNA and PLG blunted the anti-calcific effect of PLG. In conclusion, PLG attenuates high calcium/phosphate-induced vascular calcification by upregulating P53/PTEN signaling in VSMCs. PLG may act as a promising herbal extract for the clinical management of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xia C, Jiang T, Wang Y, Chen X, Hu Y, Gao Y. The p53/miR-145a Axis Promotes Cellular Senescence and Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation by Targeting Cbfb in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:609186. [PMID: 33505358 PMCID: PMC7829338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.609186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic differentiation capacity of senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is reduced. p53 not only regulates cellular senescence but also functions as a negative regulator in bone formation. However, the role of p53 in MSCs senescence and differentiation has not been extensively explored. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of p53 in MSCs senescence and osteogenic differentiation. We found that p53 was upregulated during cellular senescence and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs respectively induced by H2O2 and BMP9. Similarly, the expression of p53-induced miR-145a was increased significantly. Furthermore, Overexpression of miR-145a in MSCs promoted cellular senescence and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. Then, we identified that p53-induced miR-145a inhibited osteogenic differentiation by targeting core binding factor beta (Cbfb), and the restoration of Cbfb expression rescued the inhibitory effects of miRNA-145a. In summary, our results indicate that p53/miR-145a axis exert its functions both in promoting senescence and inhibiting osteogenesis of MSCs, and the novel p53/miR-145a/Cbfb axis in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs may represent new targets in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanhong Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Glut1 expression is increased by p53 reduction to switch metabolism to glycolysis during osteoblast differentiation. Biochem J 2020; 477:1795-1811. [PMID: 32242617 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The glycolytic system is selected for ATP synthesis not only in tumor cells but also in differentiated cells. Differentiated osteoblasts also switch the dominant metabolic pathway to aerobic glycolysis. We found that primary osteoblasts increased expressions of glycolysis-related enzymes such as Glut1, hexokinase 1 and 2, lactate dehydrogenase A and pyruvate kinase M2 during their differentiation. Osteoblast differentiation decreased expression of tumor suppressor p53, which negatively regulates Glut1 expression, and enhanced phosphorylation of AKT, which is regulated by phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). An inhibitor of PI3K enhanced p53 expression and repressed Glut1 expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that p53 negatively regulated transcriptional activity of solute carrier family 2 member 1 gene promoter region. Inhibition of glycolysis in osteoblasts reduced ATP contents more significantly than inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine. These results have indicated that osteoblasts increase Glut1 expression through the down-regulation of p53 to switch their metabolic pathway to glycolysis during differentiation.
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Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186931. [PMID: 32967298 PMCID: PMC7555360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, defined by a decrease in the physical and functional integrity of the tissues, leads to age-associated degenerative diseases. There is a relation between aged dental pulp and the senescence of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular processes underlying the senescence of DPSCs to elucidate the dental pulp aging mechanisms. p-Cresol (PC), a uremic toxin, is strongly related to cellular senescence. Here, age-related phenotypic changes including senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, and declining odontoblast differentiation in PC-treated canine DPSCs were investigated. Under the PC condition, cellular senescence was induced by decreased proliferation capacity and increased cell size, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and senescence markers p21, IL-1β, IL-8, and p53. Exposure to PC could stimulate inflammation by the increased expression of IL-6 and cause the distraction of the cell cycle by the increased level of Bax protein and decreased Bcl-2. The levels of odontoblast differentiation markers, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1, and osterix, were decreased. Consistent with those findings, the alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase, and DSPP protein level were decreased during the odontoblast differentiation process. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC could induce cellular senescence in DPSCs, which may demonstrate the changes in aging dental pulp.
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Rothzerg E, Ingley E, Mullin B, Xue W, Wood D, Xu J. The Hippo in the room: Targeting the Hippo signalling pathway for osteosarcoma therapies. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1606-1615. [PMID: 32697358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumour which usually occurs in children and adolescents. OS is primarily a result of chromosomal aberrations, a combination of acquired genetic changes and, hereditary, resulting in the dysregulation of cellular functions. The Hippo signalling pathway regulates cell and tissue growth by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Mammalian STE20-like 1/2 (MST1/2) protein kinases are activated by neurofibromatosis type 2, Ras association domain family member 2, kidney and brain protein, or other factors. Interactions between MST1/2 and salvador family WW domain-containing protein 1 activate large tumour suppressor kinase 1/2 proteins, which in turn phosphorylate the downstream Yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ). Moreover, dysregulation of this pathway can lead to aberrant cell growth, resulting in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, small molecules targeting the Hippo signalling pathways, through affecting YAP/TAZ cellular localisation and their interaction with members of the TEA/ATTS domain family of transcriptional enhancers are being developed and hold promise for the treatment of OS. This review discusses the existing knowledge about the involvement of the Hippo signalling cascade in OS and highlights several small molecule inhibitors as potential novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - David Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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45
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Loss of p53 in mesenchymal stem cells promotes alteration of bone remodeling through negative regulation of osteoprotegerin. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:156-169. [PMID: 32694652 PMCID: PMC7853126 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 plays a pivotal role in controlling the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by regulating genes involved in cell cycle and early steps of differentiation process. In the context of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and bone homeostasis, the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor activator of NF-κB (OPG/RANKL/RANK) axis is a critical signaling pathway. The absence or loss of function of p53 has been implicated in aberrant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs that results in higher bone formation versus erosion, leading to an unbalanced bone remodeling. Here, we show by microCT that mice with p53 deletion systemically or specifically in mesenchymal cells possess significantly higher bone density than their respective littermate controls. There is a negative correlation between p53 and OPG both in vivo by analysis of serum from p53+/+, p53+/-, and p53-/- mice and in vitro by p53 knockdown and ChIP assay in MSCs. Notably, high expression of Opg or its combination with low level of p53 are prominent features in clinical cancer lesion of osteosarcoma and prostate cancer respectively, which correlate with poor survival. Intra-bone marrow injection of prostate cancer cells, together with androgen can suppress p53 expression and enhance local Opg expression, leading to an enhancement of bone density. Our results support the notion that MSCs, as osteoblast progenitor cells and one major component of bone microenvironment, represent a cellular source of OPG, whose amount is regulated by the p53 status. It also highlights a key role for the p53-OPG axis in regulating the cancer associated bone remodeling.
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Cao Z, Geng X, Jiang X, Gao X, Liu K, Li Y. Melatonin Attenuates AlCl 3-Induced Apoptosis and Osteoblastic Differentiation Suppression by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:214-222. [PMID: 31502178 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) inhibits osteoblast-mediated bone formation by oxidative stress, resulting in Al-induced bone disease. Melatonin (MT) has received extensive attention due to its antioxidant and maintenance of bone health effect. To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of MT on AlCl3-induced osteoblast dysfunction, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with MT (100 μM) and/or AlCl3 (8 μM). First, MT alleviated AlCl3-induced osteoblast dysfunction, presenting as the reduced apoptosis rate as well as increased cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and type I collagen (COL-1) level. Then, MT significantly attenuated AlCl3-induced oxidative stress, presenting as the reduced reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels as well as increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. Finally, MT protected MC3T3-E1 cells against p53-dependent apoptosis and differentiation suppression, as assessed by Caspase-3 activity, protein levels of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2), cytosolic Cytochrome c, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Osterix, as well as the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Runx2, Osterix, ALP, and COL-1. Overall, our findings demonstrate MT attenuates AlCl3-induced apoptosis and osteoblastic differentiation suppression by inhibiting oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Tong X, Gu J, Chen M, Wang T, Zou H, Song R, Zhao H, Bian J, Liu Z. p53 positively regulates osteoprotegerin-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by downregulating TSC2-induced autophagy in vitro. Differentiation 2020; 114:58-66. [PMID: 32771207 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are terminally multinucleated cells that are regulated by nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), and are responsible for bone resorption while the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzymes releases into bone resorption lacunae. Furthermore, tumor suppressor p53 is a negative regulator during osteoclastogenesis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by activating autophagy, however, whether p53 is involved in OPG-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. In the current study, OPG could enhance the expression of p53 and tuberin sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2). Moreover, the expression of p53 is regulated by autophagy during OPG-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of p53 by treated with pifithrin-α (PFTα) causing augments of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, also reversed OPG-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by reducing the expression of TSC2. In addition, knockdown of TSC2 using siRNA could rescue OPG-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by reducing autophagy, which is manifested by the decrease of the expression of Beclin1 and the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta 1 (S6K1, also known as p70S6K). Collectively, p53 plays a critical role during OPG-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis via regulating the TSC2-induced autophagy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66502, Kansas, USA; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Duer M, Cobb AM, Shanahan CM. DNA Damage Response: A Molecular Lynchpin in the Pathobiology of Arteriosclerotic Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e193-e202. [PMID: 32404005 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a ubiquitous pathology of aging. Oxidative stress, persistent DNA damage, and senescence are major pathways driving both cellular and tissue aging, and emerging evidence suggests that these pathways are activated, and even accelerated, in patients with vascular calcification. The DNA damage response-a complex signaling platform that maintains genomic integrity-is induced by oxidative stress and is intimately involved in regulating cell death and osteogenic differentiation in both bone and the vasculature. Unexpectedly, a posttranslational modification, PAR (poly[ADP-ribose]), which is a byproduct of the DNA damage response, initiates biomineralization by acting to concentrate calcium into spheroidal structures that can nucleate apatitic mineral on the ECM (extracellular matrix). As we start to dissect the molecular mechanisms driving aging-associated vascular calcification, novel treatment strategies to promote healthy aging and delay pathological change are being unmasked. Drugs targeting the DNA damage response and senolytics may provide new avenues to tackle this detrimental and intractable pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Duer
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Andrew M Cobb
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.M.C., C.M.S.)
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.M.C., C.M.S.)
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Zhou Y, Lian H, Liu K, Wang D, Xiu X, Sun Z. Puerarin improves graft bone defect through microRNA‑155‑3p‑mediated p53/TNF‑α/STAT1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:239-251. [PMID: 32377717 PMCID: PMC7255454 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone graft defects may lead to dysfunction of bone regeneration and metabolic disorders of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Puerarin has demonstrated pharmacological activities in the treatment of human metabolic diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of puerarin and to explore its possible protective mechanism of action in rats with bone grafts. A bone graft rat model was established using bone grafting surgery and the rats received puerarin or PBS. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot, TUNEL, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays were used to analyze the beneficial effects of puerarin on bone repair. The results demonstrated that puer-arin effectively ameliorated pathological graft bone defects, decreased bone loss and apoptosis of BMSCs, promoted BMSC proliferation and differentiation, and increased bone mass and the parameters of bone formation in rats with bone grafts. Puerarin decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1] and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) in the serum compared with the PBS group. Puerarin treatment was associated with lower serum alanine transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels compared with those in the PBS group in experimental rats. The expression of microRNA-155-3p (miR-155-3p) was upregulated, whereas that of p53, TNF-α and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 was downregulated in BMSC cultures of puerarin-treated rats. In vitro assay demonstrated that knockdown of miR-155-3p increased p53, TNF-α and STAT1 expression in BMSCs, and blocked puerarin-regulated p53/TNF-α/STAT1 signaling. Most importantly, miR-155-3p knockdown inhibited puer-arin-regulated apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the results demonstrated that puerarin regulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression via the miR-155-3p signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the upregulation of miR-155-3p induced by puerarin promoted BMSC differentiation and bone formation and increased bone mass in rats with bone grafts, thereby supporting the potential application of puerarin in the prevention of bone graft defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Lian
- Second Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Mudanjiang Medical University, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Second Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Mudanjiang Medical University, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Xiu
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
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Jacques C, Tesfaye R, Lavaud M, Georges S, Baud’huin M, Lamoureux F, Ory B. Implication of the p53-Related miR-34c, -125b, and -203 in the Osteoblastic Differentiation and the Malignant Transformation of Bone Sarcomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040810. [PMID: 32230926 PMCID: PMC7226610 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of the skeleton occurs throughout the lives of vertebrates and is achieved through the balanced activities of two kinds of specialized bone cells: the bone-forming osteoblasts and the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Impairment in the remodeling processes dramatically hampers the proper healing of fractures and can also result in malignant bone diseases such as osteosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNAs implicated in the control of various cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their post-transcriptional regulatory role confers on them inhibitory functions toward specific target mRNAs. As miRNAs are involved in the differentiation program of precursor cells, it is now well established that this class of molecules also influences bone formation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation and the fate of osteoblasts. In response to various cell signals, the tumor-suppressor protein p53 activates a huge range of genes, whose miRNAs promote genomic-integrity maintenance, cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we review the role of three p53-related miRNAs, miR-34c, -125b, and -203, in the bone-remodeling context and, in particular, in osteoblastic differentiation. The second aim of this study is to deal with the potential implication of these miRNAs in osteosarcoma development and progression.
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