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Melchior K, Gerner RR, Hossain S, Nuccio SP, Moreira CG, Raffatellu M. IL-22-dependent responses and their role during Citrobacter rodentium infection. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0009924. [PMID: 38557196 PMCID: PMC11075456 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00099-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium is utilized as a model organism for studying infections caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and to elucidate mechanisms of mucosal immunity. In response to C. rodentium infection, innate lymphoid cells and T cells secrete interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine that promotes mucosal barrier function. IL-22 plays a pivotal role in enabling mice to survive and recover from C. rodentium infection, although the exact mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether particular components of the host response downstream of IL-22 contribute to the cytokine's protective effects during C. rodentium infection. In line with previous research, mice lacking the IL-22 gene (Il22-/- mice) were highly susceptible to C. rodentium infection. To elucidate the role of specific antimicrobial proteins modulated by IL-22, we infected the following knockout mice: S100A9-/- (calprotectin), Lcn2-/- (lipocalin-2), Reg3b-/- (Reg3β), Reg3g-/- (Reg3γ), and C3-/- (C3). All knockout mice tested displayed a considerable level of resistance to C. rodentium infection, and none phenocopied the lethality observed in Il22-/- mice. By investigating another arm of the IL-22 response, we observed that C. rodentium-infected Il22-/- mice exhibited an overall decrease in gene expression related to intestinal barrier integrity as well as significantly elevated colonic inflammation, gut permeability, and pathogen levels in the spleen. Taken together, these results indicate that host resistance to lethal C. rodentium infection may depend on multiple antimicrobial responses acting in concert, or that other IL-22-regulated processes, such as tissue repair and maintenance of epithelial integrity, play crucial roles in host defense to attaching and effacing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Melchior
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romana R. Gerner
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Life Sciences, ZIEL – Institute for Food and Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Suzana Hossain
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Daly AC, Cambuli F, Äijö T, Lötstedt B, Marjanovic N, Kuksenko O, Smith-Erb M, Fernandez S, Domovic D, Van Wittenberghe N, Drokhlyansky E, Griffin GK, Phatnani H, Bonneau R, Regev A, Vickovic S. Tissue and cellular spatiotemporal dynamics in colon aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590125. [PMID: 38712088 PMCID: PMC11071407 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Tissue structure and molecular circuitry in the colon can be profoundly impacted by systemic age-related effects, but many of the underlying molecular cues remain unclear. Here, we built a cellular and spatial atlas of the colon across three anatomical regions and 11 age groups, encompassing ~1,500 mouse gut tissues profiled by spatial transcriptomics and ~400,000 single nucleus RNA-seq profiles. We developed a new computational framework, cSplotch, which learns a hierarchical Bayesian model of spatially resolved cellular expression associated with age, tissue region, and sex, by leveraging histological features to share information across tissue samples and data modalities. Using this model, we identified cellular and molecular gradients along the adult colonic tract and across the main crypt axis, and multicellular programs associated with aging in the large intestine. Our multi-modal framework for the investigation of cell and tissue organization can aid in the understanding of cellular roles in tissue-level pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan C. Daly
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tarmo Äijö
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Lötstedt
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nemanja Marjanovic
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olena Kuksenko
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugene Drokhlyansky
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Griffin
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Current address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanja Vickovic
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Herbert Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer Laboratory for Gene and Neuro Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Estrach S, Vivier CM, Féral CC. ECM and epithelial stem cells: the scaffold of destiny. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1359585. [PMID: 38572486 PMCID: PMC10987781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1359585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting longevity. The intricate organization and presence of common markers among adult epithelial stem cells in the intestine, lung, and skin serve as hallmarks of these cells. The specific location pattern of these cells within their respective organs highlights the significance of the niche in which they reside. The extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides physical support but also acts as a reservoir for various biochemical and biophysical signals. We will consider differences in proliferation, repair, and regenerative capacities of the three epithelia and review how environmental cues emerging from the niche regulate cell fate. These cues are transduced via mechanosignaling, regulating gene expression, and bring us to the concept of the fate scaffold. Understanding both the analogies and discrepancies in the mechanisms that govern stem cell fate in various organs can offer valuable insights for rejuvenation therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soline Estrach
- INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Chloé C. Féral
- INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Wang C, Chen H, Luo X, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Liu X. Rab25 is involved in hypospadias via the β1 integrin/EGFR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113980. [PMID: 38401686 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital abnormality of the penile. Abnormal regulation of critical genes involved in urethral development leads to hypospadias. We used the Rab25-/- mice and foreskin fibroblasts transfected with lentivirus in vitro and in vivo to investigate the role of Rab25 in hypospadias. METHODS The expression levels of various molecules in tissue samples and foreskin fibroblasts were confirmed using molecular biology methods (western blotting, PCR, immunohistochemistry, etc.). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize the external morphology of genital tubercles (GTs) of gestation day (GD) 18.5 male wild-type (WT) and Rab25-/- mice. RESULTS An expanded distal cleft and V-shaped urethral opening were observed in GD 18.5 Rab25-/- mice. We demonstrated that Rab25 mediated hypospadias through the β1 integrin/EGFR pathway. In addition, silencing Rab25 inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in the foreskin fibroblasts; Ki-67- and TUNEL-positive cells were mainly concentrated near the urethral seam. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Rab25 plays an essential role in hypospadias by activation of β1 integrin/EGFR pathway, and Rab25 is a critical mediator of urethral seam formation in GD18.5 male fetal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xingguo Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China.
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Yuan J, Guo L, Wang J, Zhou Z, Wu C. α-parvin controls chondrocyte column formation and regulates long bone development. Bone Res 2023; 11:46. [PMID: 37607905 PMCID: PMC10444880 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification requires proper control of chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, survival, and organization. Here we show that knockout of α-parvin, an integrin-associated focal adhesion protein, from murine limbs causes defects in endochondral ossification and dwarfism. The mutant long bones were shorter but wider, and the growth plates became disorganized, especially in the proliferative zone. With two-photon time-lapse imaging of bone explant culture, we provide direct evidence showing that α-parvin regulates chondrocyte rotation, a process essential for chondrocytes to form columnar structure. Furthermore, loss of α-parvin increased binucleation, elevated cell death, and caused dilation of the resting zones of mature growth plates. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses revealed alterations of transcriptome in all three zones (i.e., resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones) of the growth plates. Our results demonstrate a crucial role of α-parvin in long bone development and shed light on the cellular mechanism through which α-parvin regulates the longitudinal growth of long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Precision Medicine for Cancers, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Precision Medicine for Cancers, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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McIntyre DC, Nance J. Niche cells regulate primordial germ cell quiescence in response to basement membrane signaling. Development 2023; 150:dev201640. [PMID: 37497562 PMCID: PMC10445801 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation are controlled by interactions with niche cells and a specialized extracellular matrix called basement membrane (BM). Direct interactions with adjacent BM are known to regulate stem cell quiescence; however, it is less clear how niche BM relays signals to stem cells that it does not contact. Here, we examine how niche BM regulates Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). BM regulates PGC quiescence even though PGCs are enwrapped by somatic niche cells and do not contact the BM; this can be demonstrated by depleting laminin, which causes normally quiescent embryonic PGCs to proliferate. We show that following laminin depletion, niche cells relay proliferation-inducing signals from the gonadal BM to PGCs via integrin receptors. Disrupting the BM proteoglycan perlecan blocks PGC proliferation when laminin is depleted, indicating that laminin functions to inhibit a proliferation-inducing signal originating from perlecan. Reducing perlecan levels in fed larvae hampers germline growth, suggesting that BM signals regulate germ cell proliferation under physiological conditions. Our results reveal how BM signals can regulate stem cell quiescence indirectly, by activating niche cell integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. McIntyre
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, 90 Geldard Drive, Physical Life Science Building Room 318, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeremy Nance
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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7
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Ihog proteins contribute to integrin-mediated focal adhesions. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:366-375. [PMID: 36103028 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin expression forms focal adhesions, but how this process is physiologically regulated is unclear. Ihog proteins are evolutionarily conserved, playing roles in Hedgehog signaling and serving as trans-homophilic adhesion molecules to mediate cell-cell interactions. Whether these proteins are also engaged in other cell adhesion processes remains unknown. Here, we report that Drosophila Ihog proteins function in the integrin-mediated adhesions. Removal of Ihog proteins causes blister and spheroidal muscle in wings and embryos, respectively. We demonstrate that Ihog proteins interact with integrin via the extracellular portion and that their removal perturbs integrin distribution. Finally, we show that Boc, a mammalian Ihog protein, rescues the embryonic defects caused by removing its Drosophila homologs. We thus propose that Ihog proteins contribute to integrin-mediated focal adhesions.
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Häfliger J, Schwarzfischer M, Atrott K, Stanzel C, Morsy Y, Wawrzyniak M, Lang S, Valenta T, Basler K, Rogler G, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Glycoprotein (GP)96 Is Essential for Maintaining Intestinal Epithelial Architecture by Supporting Its Self-Renewal Capacity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:717-739. [PMID: 36516930 PMCID: PMC9879791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glycoprotein (GP)96 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident master chaperone for cell surface receptors including the Wnt co-receptors low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 5/6. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of Gp96 is embryonically lethal. However, the role of GP96 in adult intestinal tissue and especially within the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche is unknown. Here, we investigated how GP96 loss interferes with intestinal homeostasis by compromising viability, proliferation, and differentiation of IECs. METHODS Tamoxifen was used to induce Cre-mediated deletion of Gp96 in GP96-VillincreERT2 (Cre recombinase-Estrogen-Receptor Transgene 2) mice and intestinal organoids. With H&E and immunofluorescence staining we assessed alterations in intestinal morphology and the presence and localization of IEC types. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the severe phenotype of Gp96 KO mice and organoids. RESULTS IEC-specific deletion of Gp96 in adult mice resulted in a rapid degeneration of the stem cell niche, followed by complete eradication of the epithelial layer and death within a few days. These effects were owing to severe defects in ISC renewal and premature ISC differentiation, which resulted from defective Wnt and Notch signaling. Furthermore, depletion of GP96 led to massive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Although effects on ISC renewal and adequate differentiation were partly reversed upon activation of Wnt/Notch signaling, viability could not be restored, indicating that reduced viability was mediated by other mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that GP96 plays a fundamental role in regulating ISC fate and epithelial regeneration and therefore is indispensable for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Häfliger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stanzel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Valencia-Expósito A, Gómez-Lamarca MJ, Widmann TJ, Martín-Bermudo MD. Integrins Cooperate With the EGFR/Ras Pathway to Preserve Epithelia Survival and Architecture in Development and Oncogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892691. [PMID: 35769262 PMCID: PMC9234701 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is required for normal epithelial cell survival. Disruption of this interaction leads to a specific type of apoptosis known as anoikis. Yet, there are physiological and pathological situations in which cells not connected to the ECM are protected from anoikis, such as during cell migration or metastasis. The main receptors transmitting signals from the ECM are members of the integrin family. However, although integrin-mediated cell-ECM anchorage has been long recognized as crucial for epithelial cell survival, the in vivo significance of this interaction remains to be weighed. In this work, we have used the Drosophila wing imaginal disc epithelium to analyze the importance of integrins as survival factors during epithelia morphogenesis. We show that reducing integrin expression in the wing disc induces caspase-dependent cell death and basal extrusion of the dead cells. In this case, anoikis is mediated by the activation of the JNK pathway, which in turn triggers expression of the proapoptotic protein Hid. In addition, our results strongly suggest that, during wing disc morphogenesis, the EGFR pathway protects cells undergoing cell shape changes upon ECM detachment from anoikis. Furthermore, we show that oncogenic activation of the EGFR/Ras pathway in integrin mutant cells rescues them from apoptosis while promoting their extrusion from the epithelium. Altogether, our results support the idea that integrins promote cell survival during normal tissue morphogenesis and prevent the extrusion of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Jesús Gómez-Lamarca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - María D. Martín-Bermudo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- *Correspondence: María D. Martín-Bermudo,
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10
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Won JH, Choi JS, Jun JI. CCN1 interacts with integrins to regulate intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3117. [PMID: 35660741 PMCID: PMC9166801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the crypt base contribute to intestinal homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this homeostatic balance remain elusive. Here we show that the matricellular protein CCN1/CYR61 coordinately regulates ISC proliferation and differentiation through distinct pathways emanating from CCN1 interaction with integrins αvβ3/αvβ5. Mice that delete Ccn1 in Lgr5 + ISCs or express mutant CCN1 unable to bind integrins αvβ3/αvβ5 exhibited exuberant ISC expansion and enhanced differentiation into secretory cells at the expense of absorptive enterocytes in the small intestine, leading to nutrient malabsorption. Analysis of crypt organoids revealed that through integrins αvβ3/αvβ5, CCN1 induces NF-κB-dependent Jag1 expression to regulate Notch activation for differentiation and promotes Src-mediated YAP activation and Dkk1 expression to control Wnt signaling for proliferation. Moreover, CCN1 and YAP amplify the activities of each other in a regulatory loop. These findings establish CCN1 as a niche factor in the intestinal crypts, providing insights into how matrix signaling exerts overarching control of ISC homeostasis. Intestinal stem cells contribute to homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Here the authors show that CCN1 is an intestinal stem cell niche factor that activates integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 signaling to regulate proliferation and differentiation through distinct downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jacob S Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair street Arkes Suite 2330, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joon-Il Jun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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11
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Parajuli P, Gokulan K, Khare S. Preclinical In Vitro Model to Assess the Changes in Permeability and Cytotoxicity of Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Exposure Mimicking Oral or Intravenous Routes: An Example of Arsenite Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094851. [PMID: 35563241 PMCID: PMC9101442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is exposed to xenobiotics, including drugs, through both: local (oral) and systemic routes. Despite the advances in drug discovery and in vitro pre-clinical models, there is a lack of appropriate translational models to distinguish the impact of these routes of exposure. Changes in intestinal permeability has been observed in different gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. This study utilized one such xenobiotic, arsenic, to which more than 200 million people around the globe are exposed via their food, drinking water, work environment, soil, and air. The purpose of this study was to establish an in vitro model to mimic gastrointestinal tract exposure to xenobiotics via oral or intravenous routes. To achieve this, we compared the route (mimicking oral and intravenous exposure to GIT and the dose response (using threshold approach) of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic species on the permeability of in vitro cultured polarized T84 cells, an example of intestinal epithelial cells. Arsenic treatment to polarized T84 cells via the apical and basolateral compartment of the trans-well system reflected oral or intravenous routes of exposure in vivo, respectively. Sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate, dimethyl arsenic acid sodium salt (DMAV), and disodium methyl arsonate hydrate (MMAV) were assessed for their effects on intestinal permeability by measuring the change in trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of T-84 cells. Polarized T-84 cells exposed to 12.8 µM of sodium arsenite from the basolateral side showed a marked reduction in TEER. Cytotoxicity of sodium arsenite, as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), was increased when cells were exposed via the basolateral side. The mRNA expression of genes related to cell junctions in T-84 cells was analyzed after exposure with sodium arsenite for 72 h. Changes in TEER correlated with mRNA expression of focal-adhesion-, tight-junction- and gap-junction-related genes (upregulation of Jam2, Itgb3 and Notch4 genes and downregulation of Cldn2, Cldn3, Gjb1, and Gjb2). Overall, exposure to sodium arsenite from the basolateral side was found to have a differential effect on monolayer permeability and on cell-junction-related genes as compared to apical exposure. Most importantly, this study established a preclinical human-relevant in vitro translational model to assess the changes in permeability and cytotoxicity during exposure, mimicking oral or intravenous routes.
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12
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Maimets M, Pedersen MT, Guiu J, Dreier J, Thodberg M, Antoku Y, Schweiger PJ, Rib L, Bressan RB, Miao Y, Garcia KC, Sandelin A, Serup P, Jensen KB. Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk shapes intestinal regionalisation via Wnt and Shh signalling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:715. [PMID: 35132078 PMCID: PMC8821716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs are anatomically compartmentalised to cater for specialised functions. In the small intestine (SI), regionalisation enables sequential processing of food and nutrient absorption. While several studies indicate the critical importance of non-epithelial cells during development and homeostasis, the extent to which these cells contribute to regionalisation during morphogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we identify a mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk that shapes the developing SI during late morphogenesis. We find that subepithelial mesenchymal cells are characterised by gradients of factors supporting Wnt signalling and stimulate epithelial growth in vitro. Such a gradient impacts epithelial gene expression and regional villus formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the SI. Notably, we further provide evidence that Wnt signalling directly regulates epithelial expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), which, in turn, acts on mesenchymal cells to drive villi formation. Taken together our results uncover a mechanistic link between Wnt and Hedgehog signalling across different cellular compartments that is central for anterior-posterior regionalisation and correct formation of the SI. The small intestine forms via crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal cell compartments. Here, the authors show that a gradient of Wnt signalling along the anterior-posterior axis regulates Sonic Hedgehog which is required for correct formation and regionalization of the small intestine.
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13
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Identifying key regulators of the intestinal stem cell niche. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2163-2176. [PMID: 34665221 PMCID: PMC8589435 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is lined by a single layer of epithelium that is one of the fastest regenerating tissues in the body and which therefore requires a very active and exquisitely controlled stem cell population. Rapid renewal of the epithelium is necessary to provide a continuous physical barrier from the intestinal luminal microenvironment that contains abundant microorganisms, whilst also ensuring an efficient surface for the absorption of dietary components. Specialised epithelial cell populations are important for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and are derived from adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Actively cycling ISCs divide by a neutral drift mechanism yielding either ISCs or transit-amplifying epithelial cells, the latter of which differentiate to become either absorptive lineages or to produce secretory factors that contribute further to intestinal barrier maintenance or signal to other cellular compartments. The mechanisms controlling ISC abundance, longevity and activity are regulated by several different cell populations and signalling pathways in the intestinal lamina propria which together form the ISC niche. However, the complexity of the ISC niche and communication mechanisms between its different components are only now starting to be unravelled with the assistance of intestinal organoid/enteroid/colonoid and single-cell imaging and sequencing technologies. This review explores the interaction between well-established and emerging ISC niche components, their impact on the intestinal epithelium in health and in the context of intestinal injury and highlights future directions and implications for this rapidly developing field.
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14
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Miura K, Ogura A, Kobatake K, Honda H, Kaminuma O. Progress of genome editing technology and developmental biology useful for radiation research. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:i53-i63. [PMID: 33978171 PMCID: PMC8114227 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Following the development of genome editing technology, it has become more feasible to create genetically modified animals such as knockout (KO), knock-in, and point-mutated animals. The genome-edited animals are useful to investigate the roles of various functional genes in many fields of biological science including radiation research. Nevertheless, some researchers may experience difficulty in generating genome-edited animals, probably due to the requirement for equipment and techniques for embryo manipulation and handling. Furthermore, after obtaining F0 generation, genome-edited animals generally need to be expanded and maintained for analyzing the target gene function. To investigate genes essential for normal birth and growth, the generation of conditional KO (cKO) animals in which a tissue- or stage-specific gene mutation can be introduced is often required. Here, we describe the basic principle and application of genome editing technology including zinc-finger nuclease, transcription-activator-like effector nuclease, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas) systems. Recently advanced developmental biology methods have enabled application of the technology, especially CRISPR/Cas, to zygotes, leading to the prompt production of genome-edited animals. For pre-implantation embryos, genome editing via oviductal nucleic acid delivery has been developed as an embryo manipulation- or handling-free method. Examining the gene function at F0 generation is becoming possible by employing triple-target CRISPR technology. This technology, in combination with a blastocyst complementation method enables investigation of even birth- and growth-responsible genes without establishing cKO strains. We hope that this review is helpful for understanding and expanding genome editing-related technology and for progressing radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Miura
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kohei Kobatake
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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15
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Goggins BJ, Minahan K, Sherwin S, Soh WS, Pryor J, Bruce J, Liu G, Mathe A, Knight D, Horvat JC, Walker MM, Keely S. Pharmacological HIF-1 stabilization promotes intestinal epithelial healing through regulation of α-integrin expression and function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G420-G438. [PMID: 33470153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00192.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia are critical for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. Epithelial barrier injury, causing inflammation and vascular damage, results in inflammatory hypoxia, and thus, healing occurs in an oxygen-restricted environment. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 regulates genes important for cell survival and repair, including the cell adhesion protein β1-integrin. Integrins function as αβ-dimers, and α-integrin-matrix binding is critical for cell migration. We hypothesized that HIF-1 stabilization accelerates epithelial migration through integrin-dependent pathways. We aimed to examine functional and posttranslational activity of α-integrins during HIF-1-mediated intestinal epithelial healing. Wound healing was assessed in T84 monolayers over 24 h with/without prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHDi) (GB-004), which stabilizes HIF-1. Gene and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and immunoblot, and α-integrin localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. α-integrin function was assessed by antibody-mediated blockade, and integrin α6 regulation was determined by HIF-1α chromatin immunoprecipitation. Models of mucosal wounding and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis were used to examine integrin expression and localization in vivo. PHDi treatment accelerated wound closure and migration within 12 h, associated with increased integrin α2 and α6 protein, but not α3. Functional blockade of integrins α2 and α6 inhibited PHDi-mediated accelerated wound closure. HIF-1 bound directly to the integrin α6 promoter. PHDi treatment accelerated mucosal healing, which was associated with increased α6 immunohistochemical staining in wound-associated epithelium and wound-adjacent tissue. PHDi treatment increased α6 protein levels in colonocytes of TNBS mice and induced α6 staining in regenerating crypts and reepithelialized inflammatory lesions. Together, these data demonstrate a role for HIF-1 in regulating both integrin α2 and α6 responses during intestinal epithelial healing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY HIF-1 plays an important role in epithelial restitution, selectively inducing integrins α6 and α2 to promote migration and proliferation, respectively. HIF-stabilizing prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors accelerate intestinal mucosal healing by inducing epithelial integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie J Goggins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kyra Minahan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simonne Sherwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wai S Soh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pryor
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Bruce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Mathe
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Ferguson M, Petkau K, Shin M, Galenza A, Fast D, Foley E. Differential effects of commensal bacteria on progenitor cell adhesion, division symmetry and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila intestine. Development 2021; 148:dev.186106. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.186106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Microbial factors influence homeostatic and oncogenic growth in the intestinal epithelium. However, we know little about immediate effects of commensal bacteria on stem cell division programs. In this study, we examined the effects of commensal Lactobacillus species on homeostatic and tumorigenic stem cell proliferation in the female Drosophila intestine. We identified Lactobacillus brevis as a potent stimulator of stem cell divisions. In a wild-type midgut, L.brevis activates growth regulatory pathways that drive stem cell divisions. In a Notch-deficient background, L.brevis-mediated proliferation causes rapid expansion of mutant progenitors, leading to accumulation of large, multi-layered tumors throughout the midgut. Mechanistically, we showed that L.brevis disrupts expression and subcellular distribution of progenitor cell integrins, supporting symmetric divisions that expand intestinal stem cell populations. Collectively, our data emphasize the impact of commensal microbes on division and maintenance of the intestinal progenitor compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Ferguson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kristina Petkau
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Minjeong Shin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Anthony Galenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David Fast
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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17
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Dietinger V, García de Durango CR, Wiechmann S, Boos SL, Michl M, Neumann J, Hermeking H, Kuster B, Jung P. Wnt-driven LARGE2 mediates laminin-adhesive O-glycosylation in human colonic epithelial cells and colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:102. [PMID: 32586342 PMCID: PMC7315491 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling drives epithelial self-renewal and disease progression in human colonic epithelium and colorectal cancer (CRC). Characterization of Wnt effector pathways is key for our understanding of these processes and for developing therapeutic strategies that aim to preserve tissue homeostasis. O-glycosylated cell surface proteins, such as α-dystroglycan (α-DG), mediate cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix components. We revealed a Wnt/LARGE2/α-DG signaling pathway which triggers this mode of colonic epithelial cell-to-matrix interaction in health and disease. METHODS Next generation sequencing upon shRNA-mediated silencing of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) combined with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transcription factor binding site targeting characterized LARGE2 as a Wnt target gene. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis on size-fractionated, glycoprotein-enriched samples revealed functional O-glycosylation of α-DG by LARGE2 in CRC. The biology of Wnt/LARGE2/α-DG signaling was assessed by affinity-based glycoprotein enrichment, laminin overlay, CRC-to-endothelial cell adhesion, and transwell migration assays. Experiments on primary tissue, human colonic (tumor) organoids, and bioinformatic analysis of CRC cohort data confirmed the biological relevance of our findings. RESULTS Next generation sequencing identified the LARGE2 O-glycosyltransferase encoding gene as differentially expressed upon Wnt activation in CRC. Silencing of APC, conditional expression of oncogenic β-catenin and endogenous β-catenin-sequestration affected LARGE2 expression. The first intron of LARGE2 contained a CTTTGATC motif essential for Wnt-driven LARGE2 expression, showed occupation by the Wnt transcription factor TCF7L2, and Wnt activation triggered LARGE2-dependent α-DG O-glycosylation and laminin-adhesion in CRC cells. Colonic crypts and organoids expressed LARGE2 mainly in stem cell-enriched subpopulations. In human adenoma organoids, activity of the LARGE2/α-DG axis was Wnt-dose dependent. LARGE2 expression was elevated in CRC and correlated with the Wnt-driven molecular subtype and intestinal stem cell features. O-glycosylated α-DG represented a Wnt/LARGE2-dependent feature in CRC cell lines and patient-derived tumor organoids. Modulation of LARGE2/α-DG signaling affected CRC cell migration through laminin-coated membranes and adhesion to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the LARGE2 O-glycosyltransferase-encoding gene represents a direct target of canonical Wnt signaling and mediates functional O-glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) in human colonic stem/progenitor cells and Wnt-driven CRC. Our work implies that aberrant Wnt activation augments CRC cell-matrix adhesion by increasing LARGE/α-DG-mediated laminin-adhesiveness. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dietinger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,DKTK Research Group, Oncogenic Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Cira R García de Durango
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,DKTK Research Group, Oncogenic Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Wiechmann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sophie L Boos
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,DKTK Research Group, Oncogenic Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlies Michl
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Jung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,DKTK Research Group, Oncogenic Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,DKTK AG Oncogenic Signal Transduction Pathways in Colorectal/Pancreatic Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg, DKTK Partnerstandort München, Institut für Pathologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Thalkirchner Straße 36, D-80337, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Kumar Katakam S, Tria V, Sim WC, Yip GW, Molgora S, Karnavas T, Elghonaimy EA, Pelucchi P, Piscitelli E, Ibrahim SA, Zucchi I, Reinbold R, Greve B, Götte M. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 regulates colon cancer stem cell function via a focal adhesion kinase-Wnt signaling axis. FEBS J 2020; 288:486-506. [PMID: 32367652 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In colon cancer, downregulation of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) is associated with increased invasiveness, metastasis, and dedifferentiation. As Sdc-1 modulates signaling pathways relevant to stem cell function, we tested the hypothesis that it may regulate a tumor-initiating cell phenotype. Sdc-1 small-interfering RNA knockdown in the human colon cancer cell lines Caco2 and HT-29 resulted in an increased side population (SP), enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity, and higher expression of CD133, LGR5, EPCAM, NANOG, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2, KLF2, and TCF4/TCF7L2. Sdc-1 knockdown enhanced sphere formation, cell viability, Matrigel invasiveness, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression. Sdc-1-depleted HT-29 xenograft growth was increased compared to controls. Decreased Sdc-1 expression was associated with an increased activation of β1-integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and wingless-type (Wnt) signaling. Pharmacological FAK and Wnt inhibition blocked the enhanced stem cell phenotype and invasive growth. Sequential flow cytometric SP enrichment substantially enhanced the stem cell phenotype of Sdc-1-depleted cells, which showed increased resistance to doxorubicin chemotherapy and irradiation. In conclusion, Sdc-1 depletion cooperatively enhances activation of integrins and FAK, which then generates signals for increased invasiveness and cancer stem cell properties. Our findings may provide a novel concept to target a stemness-associated signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic spread and cancer recurrence. DATABASES: The GEO accession number of the Affymetrix transcriptomic screening is GSE58751.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Tria
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Wey-Cheng Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefano Molgora
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Theodoros Karnavas
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Vita Salute San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eslam A Elghonaimy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Paride Pelucchi
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piscitelli
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ileana Zucchi
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Rolland Reinbold
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy - Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
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19
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Plosa EJ, Benjamin JT, Sucre JM, Gulleman PM, Gleaves LA, Han W, Kook S, Polosukhin VV, Haake SM, Guttentag SH, Young LR, Pozzi A, Blackwell TS, Zent R. β1 Integrin regulates adult lung alveolar epithelial cell inflammation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129259. [PMID: 31873073 PMCID: PMC7098727 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins, the extracellular matrix receptors that facilitate cell adhesion and migration, are necessary for organ morphogenesis; however, their role in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis is poorly understood. To define the functional importance of β1 integrin in adult mouse lung, we deleted it after completion of development in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Aged β1 integrin-deficient mice exhibited chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like (COPD-like) pathology characterized by emphysema, lymphoid aggregates, and increased macrophage infiltration. These histopathological abnormalities were preceded by β1 integrin-deficient AEC dysfunction such as excessive ROS production and upregulation of NF-κB-dependent chemokines, including CCL2. Genetic deletion of the CCL2 receptor, Ccr2, in mice with β1 integrin-deficient type 2 AECs impaired recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages and resulted in accelerated inflammation and severe premature emphysematous destruction. The lungs exhibited reduced AEC efferocytosis and excessive numbers of inflamed type 2 AECs, demonstrating the requirement for recruited monocytes/macrophages in limiting lung injury and remodeling in the setting of a chronically inflamed epithelium. These studies support a critical role for β1 integrin in alveolar homeostasis in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda A. Gleaves
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Scott M. Haake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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20
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Guan S, Zhang K, Li J. Recent Advances in Extracellular Matrix for Engineering Stem Cell Responses. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6321-6338. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190704121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is an advanced medical technology, which brings hope for the
treatment of some difficult diseases in the clinic. Attributed to its self-renewal and differential
ability, stem cell research has been pushed to the forefront of regenerative medicine and has become
a hot topic in tissue engineering. The surrounding extracellular matrix has physical functions
and important biological significance in regulating the life activities of cells, which may play crucial
roles for in situ inducing specific differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the
stem cells and their engineering application, and highlight the control of the fate of stem cells, we
offer our perspectives on the various challenges and opportunities facing the use of the components
of extracellular matrix for stem cell attachment, growth, proliferation, migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaimeng Guan
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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21
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Hyaluronan-CD44 axis orchestrates cancer stem cell functions. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109377. [PMID: 31362044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of CD44 in tumor cell signaling together with its establishment as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for various tumor entities imply a key role for CD44 in CSC functional properties. Hyaluronan, the main ligand of CD44, is a major constituent of CSC niche and, therefore, the hyaluronan-CD44 signaling axis is of functional importance in this special microenvironment. This review aims to provide recent advances in the importance of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions in the acquisition and maintenance of a CSC phenotype. Hyaluronan-CD44 axis has a substantial impact on stemness properties of CSCs and drug resistance through induction of EMT program, oxidative stress resistance, secretion of extracellular vesicles/exosomes and epigenetic control. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting CSCs based on the hyaluronan-CD44 axis are also presented.
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22
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Pardo-Saganta A, Calvo IA, Saez B, Prosper F. Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Stem Cell Maintenance. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Zhou X, Ma C, Hu B, Tao Y, Wang J, Huang X, Zhao T, Han B, Li H, Liang C, Chen Q, Li F. FoxA2 regulates the type II collagen-induced nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by activation of the Shh signaling pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800373R. [PMID: 29890089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is promising for the treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, but the difficulty in inducing nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation limits its clinical applications. Forkhead box (Fox)-A2 is an essential transcription factor for the formation of a normal NP. We demonstrated that type II collagen stimulates NP-like differentiation of ADSCs, partly by increasing the expression of FoxA2. We constructed FoxA2-overexpressing and -knockdown ADSCs by using lentiviral vectors. FoxA2 overexpression significantly enhanced NP-specific gene expression and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and collagen, whereas FoxA2 knockdown decreased NP-like differentiation and the expression of aggrecan and collagen II. The enhanced NP-like differentiation related to FoxA2 overexpression was partially rescued by an Shh signaling pathway inhibitor. In addition, FoxA2 inhibited the expression of Itg-α2 and further promoted NP-like differentiation induced by type II collagen. Furthermore, FoxA2-overexpressing ADSCs combined with type II collagen hydrogels promoted regeneration of degenerated NP in vivo. Our findings suggest that FoxA2 plays an essential role in the NP-like differentiation of ADSCs by activating the Shh signaling pathway.-Zhou, X., Ma, C., Hu, B., Tao, Y., Wang, J., Huang, X., Zhao, T., Han, B., Li, H., Liang, C., Chen, Q., Li, F. FoxA2 regulates the type II collagen-induced nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by activation of the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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De Arcangelis A, Hamade H, Alpy F, Normand S, Bruyère E, Lefebvre O, Méchine-Neuville A, Siebert S, Pfister V, Lepage P, Laquerriere P, Dembele D, Delanoye-Crespin A, Rodius S, Robine S, Kedinger M, Van Seuningen I, Simon-Assmann P, Chamaillard M, Labouesse M, Georges-Labouesse E. Hemidesmosome integrity protects the colon against colitis and colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1748-1760. [PMID: 27371534 PMCID: PMC5595104 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and clinical data indicate that patients suffering from IBD with long-standing colitis display a higher risk to develop colorectal high-grade dysplasia. Whereas carcinoma invasion and metastasis rely on basement membrane (BM) disruption, experimental evidence is lacking regarding the potential contribution of epithelial cell/BM anchorage on inflammation onset and subsequent neoplastic transformation of inflammatory lesions. Herein, we analyse the role of the α6β4 integrin receptor found in hemidesmosomes that attach intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to the laminin-containing BM. DESIGN We developed new mouse models inducing IEC-specific ablation of α6 integrin either during development (α6ΔIEC) or in adults (α6ΔIEC-TAM). RESULTS Strikingly, all α6ΔIEC mutant mice spontaneously developed long-standing colitis, which degenerated overtime into infiltrating adenocarcinoma. The sequence of events leading to disease onset entails hemidesmosome disruption, BM detachment, IL-18 overproduction by IECs, hyperplasia and enhanced intestinal permeability. Likewise, IEC-specific ablation of α6 integrin induced in adult mice (α6ΔIEC-TAM) resulted in fully penetrant colitis and tumour progression. Whereas broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment lowered tissue pathology and IL-1β secretion from infiltrating myeloid cells, it failed to reduce Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly, while the initial intestinal inflammation occurred independently of the adaptive immune system, tumourigenesis required B and T lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS We provide for the first time evidence that loss of IECs/BM interactions triggered by hemidesmosome disruption initiates the development of inflammatory lesions that progress into high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma. Colorectal neoplasia in our mouse models resemble that seen in patients with IBD, making them highly attractive for discovering more efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hussein Hamade
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Current address: F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fabien Alpy
- Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,Current address: Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Normand
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Bruyère
- Inserm, Université de Lille, CHRU Lille, UMR-S 1172—Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Méchine-Neuville
- Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,CHRU Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Strasbourg, France,Current address: Département de Pathologie, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Siebert
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Pfister
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- UMR1319—MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech,Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrice Laquerriere
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,CNRS, UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien,Strasbourg, France
| | - Doulaye Dembele
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Delanoye-Crespin
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Rodius
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Current address: NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Robine
- Institut Curie, Paris, France,CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Kedinger
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, Université de Lille, CHRU Lille, UMR-S 1172—Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Patricia Simon-Assmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michel Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Current address: UMR7622, IBPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Insights Gathered from Both In Vivo and Novel In Vitro Models. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8387297. [PMID: 29081810 PMCID: PMC5610807 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8387297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells are located at the base of the crypts and are surrounded by a complex structure called niche. This environment is composed mainly of epithelial cells and stroma which provides signals that govern cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. Understanding how the niche regulates stem cell fate by controlling developmental signaling pathways will help us to define how stem cells choose between self-renewal and differentiation and how they maintain their undifferentiated state. Tractable in vitro assay systems, which reflect the complexity of the in vivo situation but provide higher level of control, would likely be crucial in identifying new players and mechanisms controlling stem cell function. Knowledge of the intestinal stem cell niche gathered from both in vivo and novel in vitro models may help us improve therapies for tumorigenesis and intestinal damage and make autologous intestinal transplants a feasible clinical practice.
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26
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Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: The Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Components. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7970385. [PMID: 28835755 PMCID: PMC5556610 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7970385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium comprises a monolayer of polarised columnar cells organised along the crypt-villus axis. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of crypts and are constantly nourished by their surrounding niche for maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation. The cellular microenvironment including the adjacent Paneth cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, and neural cells as well as the extracellular matrix together constitute the intestinal stem cell niche. A dynamic regulatory network exists among the epithelium, stromal cells, and the matrix via complex signal transduction to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these biological or mechanical signals could potentially lead to intestinal injury and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of different intestinal stem cell niche components and dissect the interaction between dynamic matrix factors and regulatory signalling during intestinal stem cell homeostasis.
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27
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Multifaceted Interpretation of Colon Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071446. [PMID: 28678194 PMCID: PMC5535937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, despite recent advances in clinical oncology. Accumulating evidence sheds light on the existence of cancer stem cells and their role in conferring therapeutic resistance. Cancer stem cells are a minor fraction of cancer cells, which enable tumor heterogeneity and initiate tumor formation. In addition, these cells are resistant to various cytotoxic factors. Therefore, elimination of cancer stem cells is difficult but essential to cure the malignant foci completely. Herein, we review the recent evidence for intestinal stem cells and colon cancer stem cells, methods to detect the tumor-initiating cells, and clinical significance of cancer stem cell markers. We also describe the emerging problems of cancer stem cell theory, including bidirectional conversion and intertumoral heterogeneity of stem cell phenotype.
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28
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Lanzetti L, Di Fiore PP. Behind the Scenes: Endo/Exocytosis in the Acquisition of Metastatic Traits. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1813-1817. [PMID: 28373181 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of endo/exocytic proteins have long been associated with malignant transformation, and genes encoding membrane trafficking proteins have been identified as bona fide drivers of tumorigenesis. Focusing on the mechanisms underlying the impact of endo/exocytic proteins in cancer, a scenario emerges in which altered trafficking routes/networks appear to be preferentially involved in the acquisition of prometastatic traits. This involvement in metastasis frequently occurs through the integration of programs leading to migratory/invasive phenotypes, survival and resistance to environmental stresses, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the emergence of cancer stem cells. These findings might have important implications in the clinical setting for the development of metastasis-specific drugs and for patient stratification to optimize the use of available therapies. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1813-7. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Lanzetti
- Membrane Trafficking Laboratory at Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy. .,DIPO, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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29
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Ryan ZC, Craig TA, Filoteo AG, Westendorf JJ, Cartwright EJ, Neyses L, Strehler EE, Kumar R. Deletion of the intestinal plasma membrane calcium pump, isoform 1, Atp2b1, in mice is associated with decreased bone mineral density and impaired responsiveness to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:152-6. [PMID: 26392310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The physiological importance of the intestinal plasma membrane calcium pump, isoform 1, (Pmca1, Atp2b1), in calcium absorption and homeostasis has not been previously demonstrated in vivo. Since global germ-line deletion of the Pmca1 in mice is associated with embryonic lethality, we selectively deleted the Pmca1 in intestinal absorptive cells. Mice with loxP sites flanking exon 2 of the Pmca1 gene (Pmca1(fl/fl)) were crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase in the intestine under control of the villin promoter to give mice in which the Pmca1 had been deleted in the intestine (Pmca1(EKO) mice). Pmca1(EKO) mice were born at a reduced frequency and were small at the time of birth when compared to wild-type (Wt) littermates. At two months of age, Pmca1(EKO) mice fed a 0.81% calcium, 0.34% phosphorus, normal vitamin D diet had reduced whole body bone mineral density (P < 0.037), and reduced femoral bone mineral density (P < 0.015). There was a trend towards lower serum calcium and higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) concentrations in Pmca1(EKO) mice compared to Wt mice but the changes were not statistically significant. The urinary phosphorus/creatinine ratio was increased in Pmca1(EKO) mice (P < 0.004). Following the administration of 200 ng of 1α,25(OH)2D3 intraperitoneally to Wt mice, active intestinal calcium transport increased ∼2-fold, whereas Pmca1(EKO) mice administered an equal amount of 1α,25(OH)2D3 failed to show an increase in active calcium transport. Deletion of the Pmca1 in the intestine is associated with reduced growth and bone mineralization, and a failure to up-regulate calcium absorption in response to 1α,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Ryan
- Nephrology Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Theodore A Craig
- Nephrology Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Adelaida G Filoteo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Ludwig Neyses
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; University of Luxembourg, L-4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Emanuel E Strehler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Nephrology Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Abstract
Mieap, a novel p53-inducible protein, plays a key role in maintaining healthy mitochondria in various pathophysiological states. Here, we show that Mieap deficiency in ApcMin/+ mice is strikingly associated with the malignant progression of murine intestinal tumors. To understand the role that Mieap plays in in vivo tumorigenesis, we generated Mieap heterozygous (ApcMin/+ Mieap+/−) and homozygous (ApcMin/+ Mieap−/−) ApcMin/+ mice. Interestingly, the ApcMin/+ mice with the Mieap+/− and Mieap−/− genetic background revealed remarkable shortening of the lifetime compared to ApcMin/+ mice because of severe anemia. A substantial increase in the number and size of intestinal polyps was associated with Mieap gene deficiency. Histopathologically, intestinal tumors in the Mieap-deficient ApcMin/+ mice clearly demonstrated advanced grades of adenomas and adenocarcinomas. We demonstrated that the significant increase in morphologically unhealthy mitochondria and trace accumulations of reactive oxygen species may be mechanisms underlying the increased malignant progression of the intestinal tumors of Mieap-deficient ApcMin/+ mice. These findings suggest that the Mieap-regulated mitochondrial quality control plays a critical role in preventing mouse intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Gargalionis AN, Karamouzis MV, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG. Protein trafficking in colorectal carcinogenesis--targeting and bypassing resistance to currently applied treatments. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:607-615. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
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The role of the microenvironment on the fate of adult stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:639-48. [PMID: 25985755 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (SCs) exist in all tissues that promote tissue growth, regeneration, and healing throughout life. The SC niche in which they reside provides signals that direct them to proliferate, differentiate, or remain dormant; these factors include neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, soluble molecules, and physical stimuli. In disease and aging states, stable or transitory changes in the microenvironment can directly cause SC activation or inhibition in tissue healing as well as functional regulation. Here, we discuss the microenvironmental regulation of the behavior of SC and focus on plasticity approaches by which various environmental factors can enhance the function of SCs and more effectively direct the fate of SCs.
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Wan PX, Wang BW, Wang ZC. Importance of the stem cell microenvironment for ophthalmological cell-based therapy. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:448-460. [PMID: 25815128 PMCID: PMC4369500 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising treatment for diseases that are caused by cell degeneration or death. The cells for clinical transplantation are usually obtained by culturing healthy allogeneic or exogenous tissue in vitro. However, for diseases of the eye, obtaining the adequate number of cells for clinical transplantation is difficult due to the small size of tissue donors and the frequent needs of long-term amplification of cells in vitro, which results in low cell viability after transplantation. In addition, the transplanted cells often develop fibrosis or degrade and have very low survival. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) are also promising candidates for cell therapy. Unfortunately, the differentiation of ESCs can bring immune rejection, tumorigenicity and undesired differentiated cells, limiting its clinical application. Although iPS cells can avoid the risk of immune rejection caused by ES cell differentiation post-transplantation, the low conversion rate, the risk of tumor formation and the potentially unpredictable biological changes that could occur through genetic manipulation hinder its clinical application. Thus, the desired clinical effect of cell therapy is impaired by these factors. Recent research findings recognize that the reason for low survival of the implanted cells not only depends on the seeded cells, but also on the cell microenvironment, which determines the cell survival, proliferation and even reverse differentiation. When used for cell therapy, the transplanted cells need a specific three-dimensional structure to anchor and specific extra cellular matrix components in addition to relevant cytokine signaling to transfer the required information to support their growth. These structures present in the matrix in which the stem cells reside are known as the stem cell microenvironment. The microenvironment interaction with the stem cells provides the necessary homeostasis for cell maintenance and growth. A large number of studies suggest that to explore how to reconstruct the stem cell microenvironment and strengthen its combination with the transplanted cells are key steps to successful cell therapy. In this review, we will describe the interactions of the stem cell microenvironment with the stem cells, discuss the importance of the stem cell microenvironment for cell-based therapy in ocular diseases, and introduce the progress of stem cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
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Seguin L, Desgrosellier JS, Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Integrins and cancer: regulators of cancer stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:234-40. [PMID: 25572304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cancer cells and their surroundings can trigger essential signaling cues that determine cell fate and influence the evolution of the malignant phenotype. As the primary receptors involved in cell-matrix adhesion, integrins present on the surface of tumor and stromal cells have a profound impact on the ability to survive in specific locations, but in some cases, these receptors can also function in the absence of ligand binding to promote stemness and survival in the presence of environmental and therapeutic stresses. Understanding how integrin expression and function is regulated in this context will enable the development of new therapeutic approaches to sensitize tumors to therapy and suppress their metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Seguin
- Department of Pathology and the Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jay S Desgrosellier
- Department of Pathology and the Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara M Weis
- Department of Pathology and the Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology and the Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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35
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Vyas N, Walvekar A, Tate D, Lakshmanan V, Bansal D, Lo Cicero A, Raposo G, Palakodeti D, Dhawan J. Vertebrate Hedgehog is secreted on two types of extracellular vesicles with different signaling properties. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7357. [PMID: 25483805 PMCID: PMC4258658 DOI: 10.1038/srep07357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) is a secreted morphogen that elicits differentiation and patterning in developing tissues. Multiple proposed mechanisms to regulate Hh dispersion includes lipoprotein particles and exosomes. Here we report that vertebrate Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is secreted on two types of extracellular-vesicles/exosomes, from human cell lines and primary chick notochord cells. Although largely overlapping in size as estimated from electron micrographs, the two exosomal fractions exhibited distinct protein and RNA composition. We have probed the functional properties of these vesicles using cell-based assays of Hh-elicited gene expression. Our results suggest that while both Shh-containing exo-vesicular fractions can activate an ectopic Gli-luciferase construct, only exosomes co-expressing Integrins can activate endogenous Shh target genes HNF3β and Olig2 during the differentiation of mouse ES cells to ventral neuronal progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that primary vertebrate cells secrete Shh in distinct vesicular forms, and support a model where packaging of Shh along with other signaling proteins such as Integrins on exosomes modulates target gene activation. The existence of distinct classes of Shh-containing exosomes also suggests a previously unappreciated complexity for fine-tuning of Shh-mediated gradients and pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vyas
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ankita Walvekar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Dhananjay Tate
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Dhiru Bansal
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Alessandra Lo Cicero
- 1] Institut Curie, UMR 144, CNRS, F-75248 Paris, France [2] Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris F-75248, France [3] Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSA), Paris F-75248, France
| | - Graca Raposo
- 1] Institut Curie, UMR 144, CNRS, F-75248 Paris, France [2] Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris F-75248, France [3] Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSA), Paris F-75248, France
| | | | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- 1] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India [2] CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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36
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Plosa EJ, Young LR, Gulleman PM, Polosukhin VV, Zaynagetdinov R, Benjamin JT, Im AM, van der Meer R, Gleaves LA, Bulus N, Han W, Prince LS, Blackwell TS, Zent R. Epithelial β1 integrin is required for lung branching morphogenesis and alveolarization. Development 2014; 141:4751-62. [PMID: 25395457 PMCID: PMC4299273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-dependent interactions between cells and extracellular matrix regulate lung development; however, specific roles for β1-containing integrins in individual cell types, including epithelial cells, remain incompletely understood. In this study, the functional importance of β1 integrin in lung epithelium during mouse lung development was investigated by deleting the integrin from E10.5 onwards using surfactant protein C promoter-driven Cre. These mutant mice appeared normal at birth but failed to gain weight appropriately and died by 4 months of age with severe hypoxemia. Defects in airway branching morphogenesis in association with impaired epithelial cell adhesion and migration, as well as alveolarization defects and persistent macrophage-mediated inflammation were identified. Using an inducible system to delete β1 integrin after completion of airway branching, we showed that alveolarization defects, characterized by disrupted secondary septation, abnormal alveolar epithelial cell differentiation, excessive collagen I and elastin deposition, and hypercellularity of the mesenchyme occurred independently of airway branching defects. By depleting macrophages using liposomal clodronate, we found that alveolarization defects were secondary to persistent alveolar inflammation. β1 integrin-deficient alveolar epithelial cells produced excessive monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and reactive oxygen species, suggesting a direct role for β1 integrin in regulating alveolar homeostasis. Taken together, these studies define distinct functions of epithelial β1 integrin during both early and late lung development that affect airway branching morphogenesis, epithelial cell differentiation, alveolar septation and regulation of alveolar homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Plosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter M Gulleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John T Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amanda M Im
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Riet van der Meer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nada Bulus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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37
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Xu C, Li X, Topham MK, Kuwada SK. Regulation of sonic hedgehog expression by integrin β1 and epidermal growth factor receptor in intestinal epithelium. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:694-703. [PMID: 25355554 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that conditional deletion of integrin β1 in intestinal epithelium of mice caused early postnatal lethality and intestinal phenotypic changes including excessive proliferation and defective differentiation of intestinal epithelium due to loss of Hedgehog expression. Here, we link these defects to the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and show that loss of integrin β1 leads to excessive phosphorylation of MEK-1 and increased expression of ErbB receptors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We show that increased EGFR signaling attenuates Hh abundance and that an EGFR inhibitor rescues conditional β1 integrin null pups from postnatal lethality. These studies link the loss of Hh expression in the intestinal epithelium of integrin β1-deficient mice to excessive EGFR/MAPK signaling, and identify a unique mechanism for crosstalk between stromal and epithelial signaling pathways that is critical for intestinal epithelial differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Xu
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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38
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Tsukiji N, Amano T, Shiroishi T. A novel regulatory element for Shh expression in the lung and gut of mouse embryos. Mech Dev 2014; 131:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Gattazzo F, Urciuolo A, Bonaldo P. Extracellular matrix: a dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2506-19. [PMID: 24418517 PMCID: PMC4081568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex environment characterized by biophysical, mechanical and biochemical properties specific for each tissue and able to regulate cell behavior. Stem cells have a key role in the maintenance and regeneration of tissues and they are located in a specific microenvironment, defined as niche. Scope of review We overview the progresses that have been made in elucidating stem cell niches and discuss the mechanisms by which ECM affects stem cell behavior. We also summarize the current tools and experimental models for studying ECM–stem cell interactions. Major conclusions ECM represents an essential player in stem cell niche, since it can directly or indirectly modulate the maintenance, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Several ECM molecules play regulatory functions for different types of stem cells, and based on its molecular composition the ECM can be deposited and finely tuned for providing the most appropriate niche for stem cells in the various tissues. Engineered biomaterials able to mimic the in vivo characteristics of stem cell niche provide suitable in vitro tools for dissecting the different roles exerted by the ECM and its molecular components on stem cell behavior. General significance ECM is a key component of stem cell niches and is involved in various aspects of stem cell behavior, thus having a major impact on tissue homeostasis and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties. Stem cells have a key role in the maintenance and regeneration of tissues. The extracellular matrix is a critical regulator of stem cell function. Stem cells reside in a dynamic and specialized microenvironment denoted as niche. The extracellular matrix represents an essential component of stem cell niches. Bioengineered niches can be used for investigating stem cell–matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gattazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Urciuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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40
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Goldenring JR. A central role for vesicle trafficking in epithelial neoplasia: intracellular highways to carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:813-20. [PMID: 24108097 PMCID: PMC4011841 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cell carcinogenesis involves the loss of cell polarity, alteration of polarized protein presentation, dynamic cell morphology changes, increased proliferation, and increased cell motility and invasion. Membrane vesicle trafficking underlies all of these processes. Specific membrane trafficking regulators, including RAB small GTPases, through the coordinated dynamics of intracellular trafficking along cytoskeletal pathways, determine the cell surface presentation of proteins and the overall function of both differentiated and neoplastic cells. Although mutations in vesicle trafficking proteins may not be direct drivers of transformation, components of the machinery of vesicle movement have crucial roles in the phenotypes of neoplastic cells. Therefore, the regulators of membrane vesicle trafficking decisions are essential mediators of the full range of cell physiologies that drive cancer cell biology, including initial loss of cell polarity, invasion and metastasis. Targeting of these fundamental intracellular processes may permit the manipulation of cancer cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Goldenring
- Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA; and the Nashville Veternas Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
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41
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Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion to neighboring cells and to the extracellular matrix. Here, the various modes in which integrin-mediated adhesion regulates intracellular signaling pathways impinging on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are considered. Subsequently, evidence that integrins also control crucial signaling cascades in cancer cells is discussed. Lastly, the important role of integrin signaling in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells that support cancer growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance indicates that integrin signaling may be an attractive target for (combined) cancer therapy strategies. Current approaches to target integrins in this context are reviewed.
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42
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Norton J, Cooley J, Islam AFMT, Cota CD, Davidson B. Matrix adhesion polarizes heart progenitor induction in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis. Development 2013; 140:1301-11. [PMID: 23444358 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion strongly influences developmental signaling. Resulting impacts on cell migration and tissue morphogenesis are well characterized. However, the in vivo impact of adhesion on fate induction remains ambiguous. Here, we employ the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis to delineate an essential in vivo role for matrix adhesion in heart progenitor induction. In Ciona pre-cardiac founder cells, invasion of the underlying epidermis promotes localized induction of the heart progenitor lineage. We found that these epidermal invasions are associated with matrix adhesion along the pre-cardiac cell/epidermal boundary. Through targeted manipulations of RAP GTPase activity, we were able to manipulate pre-cardiac cell-matrix adhesion. Targeted disruption of pre-cardiac cell-matrix adhesion blocked heart progenitor induction. Conversely, increased matrix adhesion generated expanded induction. We were also able to selectively restore cell-matrix adhesion and heart progenitor induction through targeted expression of Ci-Integrin β2. These results indicate that matrix adhesion functions as a necessary and sufficient extrinsic cue for regional heart progenitor induction. Furthermore, time-lapse imaging suggests that cytokinesis acts as an intrinsic temporal regulator of heart progenitor adhesion and induction. Our findings highlight a potentially conserved role for matrix adhesion in early steps of vertebrate heart progenitor specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Norton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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43
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Essential roles of grp94 in gut homeostasis via chaperoning canonical Wnt pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6877-82. [PMID: 23572575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302933110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a role for the protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, the specific role for general ER chaperones in this process remains unknown. Herein, we report that a major ER heat shock protein grp94 interacts with MesD, a critical chaperone for the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). Without grp94, LRP6 fails to export from the ER to the cell surface, resulting in a profound loss of canonical Wnt signaling. The significance of this finding is demonstrated in vivo in that grp94 loss causes a rapid and profound compromise in intestinal homeostasis with gut-intrinsic defect in the proliferation of intestinal crypts, compromise of nuclear β-catenin translocation, loss of crypt-villus structure, and impaired barrier function. Taken together, our work has uncovered the role of grp94 in chaperoning LRP6-MesD in coordinating intestinal homeostasis, placing canonical Wnt-signaling pathway under the direct regulation of the general protein quality control machinery in the ER.
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44
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Goulas S, Conder R, Knoblich J. The Par complex and integrins direct asymmetric cell division in adult intestinal stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 11:529-40. [PMID: 23040479 PMCID: PMC3465556 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The adult Drosophila midgut is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that generate both self-renewing and differentiating daughter cells. How this asymmetry is generated is currently unclear. Here, we demonstrate that asymmetric ISC division is established by a unique combination of extracellular and intracellular polarity mechanisms. We show that Integrin-dependent adhesion to the basement membrane induces cell-intrinsic polarity and results in the asymmetric segregation of the Par proteins Par-3, Par-6, and aPKC into the apical daughter cell. Cell-specific knockdown and overexpression experiments suggest that increased activity of aPKC enhances Delta/Notch signaling in one of the two daughter cells to induce terminal differentiation. Perturbing this mechanism or altering the orientation of ISC division results in the formation of intestinal tumors. Our data indicate that mechanisms for intrinsically asymmetric cell division can be adapted to allow for the flexibility in lineage decisions that is required in adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Goulas
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryan Conder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A. Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author
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45
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Kanasaki K, Yu W, von Bodungen M, Larigakis JD, Kanasaki M, Ayala de la Pena F, Kalluri R, Hill WG. Loss of β1-integrin from urothelium results in overactive bladder and incontinence in mice: a mechanosensory rather than structural phenotype. FASEB J 2013; 27:1950-61. [PMID: 23395910 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-223404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bladder urothelium senses and communicates information about bladder fullness. However, the mechanoreceptors that respond to tissue stretch are poorly defined. Integrins are mechanotransducers in other tissues. Therefore, we eliminated β1-integrin selectively in urothelium of mice using Cre-LoxP targeted gene deletion. β1-Integrin localized to basal/intermediate urothelial cells by confocal microscopy. β1-Integrin conditional-knockout (β1-cKO) mice lacking urothelial β1-integrin exhibited down-regulation and mislocalization of α3- and α5-integrins by immunohistochemistry but, surprisingly, had normal morphology, permeability, and transepithelial resistance when compared with Cre-negative littermate controls. β1-cKO mice were incontinent, as judged by random urine leakage on filter paper (4-fold higher spotting, P<0.01; 2.5-fold higher urine area percentage, P<0.05). Urodynamic function assessed by cystometry revealed bladder overfilling with 80% longer intercontractile intervals (P<0.05) and detrusor hyperactivity (3-fold more prevoid contractions, P<0.05), but smooth muscle contractility remained intact. ATP secretion into the lumen was elevated (49 vs. 22 nM, P<0.05), indicating abnormal filling-induced purinergic signaling, and short-circuit currents (measured in Ussing chambers) revealed 2-fold higher stretch-activated ion channel conductances in response to hydrostatic pressure of 1 cmH2O (P<0.05). We conclude that loss of integrin signaling from urothelium results in incontinence and overactive bladder due to abnormal mechanotransduction; more broadly, our findings indicate that urothelium itself directly modulates voiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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46
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Krishnan M, Lapierre LA, Knowles BC, Goldenring JR. Rab25 regulates integrin expression in polarized colonic epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:818-31. [PMID: 23345591 PMCID: PMC3596252 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab25 is a tumor suppressor in the colon, but the mechanisms underlying the influence of Rab25 on polarity are unknown. Findings on changes in polarity in Caco2-BBE cells with knockdown and rescue of Rab25 expression indicate that Rab25 regulates integrin gene expression mediated by ETV4. Rab25 is a tumor suppressor for colon cancer in humans and mice. To identify elements of intestinal polarity regulated by Rab25, we developed Caco2-BBE cell lines stably expressing short hairpin RNA for Rab25 and lines rescuing Rab25 knockdown with reexpression of rabbit Rab25. Rab25 knockdown decreased α2-, α5-, and β1-integrin expression. We observed colocalization and direct association of Rab25 with α5β1-integrins. Rab25 knockdown also up-regulated claudin-1 expression, increased transepithelial resistance, and increased invasive behavior. Rab25-knockdown cells showed disorganized brush border microvilli with decreases in villin expression. All of these changes were reversed by reintroduction of rabbit Rab25. Rab25 knockdown altered the expression of 29 gene transcripts, including the loss of α5-integrin transcripts. Rab25 loss decreased expression of one transcription factor, ETV4, and overexpression of ETV4 in Rab25-knockdown cells reversed losses of α5β1-integrin. The results suggest that Rab25 controls intestinal cell polarity through the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Krishnan
- Section of Surgical Sciences and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Yeh YC, Lin HH, Tang MJ. A tale of two collagen receptors, integrin β1 and discoidin domain receptor 1, in epithelial cell differentiation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C1207-17. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As increase in collagen deposition is no longer taken as simply a consequence but, rather, an inducer of disease progression; therefore, the understanding of collagen signal transduction is fundamentally important. Cells contain at least two types of collagen receptors: integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). The integrin heterodimers α1β1, α2β1, α10β1, and α11β1 are recognized as the non-tyrosine kinase collagen receptors. DDR1 and 2, the tyrosine kinase receptors of collagen, are specifically expressed in epithelium and mesenchyme, respectively. While integrin β1 and DDR1 are both required for cell adhesion on collagen, their roles in epithelial cell differentiation during development and disease progression seem to counteract each other, with integrin β1 favoring epithelium mesenchyme transition (EMT) and DDR1 inducing epithelial cell differentiation. The in vitro evidence shows that the integrin β1 and DDR1 exert opposing actions in regulation of membrane stability of E-cadherin, which itself is a critical regulator of epithelial cell differentiation. Here, we review the functional roles of integrin β1 and DDR1 in regulation of epithelial cell differentiation during development and disease progression, and explore the underlining mechanisms regarding to the regulation of membrane stability of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Hsi-Hui Lin
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan; and
- Center for Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University Medicine College, Tainan, Taiwan
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48
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Brizzi MF, Tarone G, Defilippi P. Extracellular matrix, integrins, and growth factors as tailors of the stem cell niche. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:645-51. [PMID: 22898530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that integrins, the major receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, exert an extensive crosstalk with many growth factor and cytokine receptors. Among them, growth factor receptors, such as the EGFR, MET, PDGFR and VEGFR, and the IL-3 receptor have been shown to be physically and functionally associated to integrins. The connection between integrins and other transmembrane receptors is bidirectional, integrins being essential for receptor signalling, and receptors being involved in regulation of integrin expression or activation. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence for direct binding of specific growth factors and morphogens to the ECM proteins, suggesting that ECM might spatially integrate different types of signals in a specific microenvironment, facilitating integrin/transmembrane receptors connection. These interactions are crucial in controlling a variety of cell behaviours including proliferation, survival and differentiation. The increasing interest for cell therapy in regenerative medicine has recently emphasized the role of cell-ECM adhesion as stem cell determinant. The relevance of ECM, integrins and growth factor receptor network in the establishment of stem cell niche, in maintenance of stem cells and in their differentiation will be analyzed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felice Brizzi
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
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Agle KA, Vongsa RA, Dwinell MB. Chemokine stimulation promotes enterocyte migration through laminin-specific integrins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G968-80. [PMID: 21921288 PMCID: PMC3233784 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00208.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is regulated in part by the single cell layer of the mucosal epithelium. This physical barrier is a prominent part of the innate immune system and possesses an intrinsic ability to heal damage and limit infection. The restitutive epithelial migration phase of healing requires dynamic integrin adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Previously, we have shown that the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 utilizes intracellular calcium to increase enterocyte migration on laminin. The aim of these studies was to investigate integrin specificity and, in turn, functional responses elicited by CXCL12 stimulation. Analysis of cellular adhesion and spreading revealed CXCL12 preferentially activated laminin-specific integrins compared with collagen IV-binding integrins. Laminin-specific cell adhesion and spreading elicited by CXCL12 was dependent on intracellular calcium. CXCL12 increased activated β1-integrins on the surface of epithelial cells compared with untreated cells. RT-PCR confirmed expression of the laminin-binding integrins-α3β1, -α6β1, and -α6β4. Interestingly, shRNA-mediated depletion of laminin-specific α3- or α6-integrin subunits revealed differential functions. α3-Integrin knockdown reduced basal as well as inducible restitution. Depletion of α6-integrin specifically abolished CXCL12-stimulated, but not TGF-β1 or basal, migration. Depletion with either shα3-integrin or shα6-integrin prevented CXCL12-evoked cell spreading. Our data indicate that CXCL12 stimulates the inside-out activation of laminin-specific integrins to promote cell migratory functions. Together, our findings support the notion that extracellular mediators within the gastrointestinal mucosa coordinate cell-matrix interactions during epithelial restitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberle A. Agle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca A. Vongsa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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50
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Stockinger S, Hornef MW, Chassin C. Establishment of intestinal homeostasis during the neonatal period. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3699-712. [PMID: 21952827 PMCID: PMC11114965 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa faces the challenge of regulating the balance between immune tolerance towards commensal bacteria, environmental stimuli and food antigens on the one hand, and induction of efficient immune responses against invading pathogens on the other hand. This regulatory task is of critical importance to prevent inappropriate immune activation that may otherwise lead to chronic inflammation, tissue disruption and organ dysfunction. The most striking example for the efficacy of the adaptive nature of the intestinal mucosa is birth. Whereas the body surfaces are protected from environmental and microbial exposure during fetal life, bacterial colonization and contact with potent immunostimulatory substances start immediately after birth. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the transition of the intestinal mucosa during the neonatal period leading to the establishment of a stable, life-long host-microbial homeostasis. The environmental exposure and microbial colonization during the neonatal period, and also the influence of maternal milk on the immune protection of the mucosa and the role of antimicrobial peptides, are described. We further highlight the molecular mechanisms of innate immune tolerance in neonatal intestinal epithelium. Finally, we link the described immunoregulatory mechanisms to the increased susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases during the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Stockinger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cécilia Chassin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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