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Luo YW, Zhou JP, Ji H, Xu D, Zheng A, Wang X, Dai Z, Luo Z, Cao F, Wang XY, Bai Y, Chen D, Chen Y, Wang Q, Yang Y, Zhang X, Chiu S, Peng X, Huang AL, Tang KF. SARS-CoV-2 N protein-induced Dicer, XPO5, SRSF3, and hnRNPA3 downregulation causes pneumonia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6964. [PMID: 39138195 PMCID: PMC11322655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Though RNAi and RNA-splicing machineries are involved in regulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication, their precise roles in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we show that decreased RNAi component (Dicer and XPO5) and splicing factor (SRSF3 and hnRNPA3) expression correlate with increased COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 N protein induces the autophagic degradation of Dicer, XPO5, SRSF3, and hnRNPA3, inhibiting miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing and triggering DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, and pneumonia. Dicer, XPO5, SRSF3, and hnRNPA3 knockdown increases, while their overexpression decreases, N protein-induced pneumonia's severity. Older mice show lower expression of Dicer, XPO5, SRSF3, and hnRNPA3 in their lung tissues and exhibit more severe N protein-induced pneumonia than younger mice. PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, or anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, ameliorates N protein- or SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia by restoring Dicer, XPO5, SRSF3, and hnRNPA3 expression. These findings will aid in developing improved treatments for SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia.
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Grants
- 81972648 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0134 Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- 82172915 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81773011 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- I01 HX000134 HSRD VA
- The National Key Research and Development Program is aimed at addressing major scientific and technological issues that are crucial to the national economy, people's livelihood, public welfare, industrial core competitiveness, overall capability for independent innovation, and national security. It aims to overcome technological bottlenecks in key areas of national economic and social development. This program integrates several initiatives previously managed by different departments, including the National Basic Research Program of Ministry of Science and Technology, the National High-Tech Research and Development Program, the National Science and Technology Support Program, special projects for international science and technology cooperation and exchange, industrial technology research and development funds co-managed by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as well as public welfare industry scientific research special projects managed by 13 departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, into a unified national key R&D program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiang-Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, National Center of Technology Innovation for animal model, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhizheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xing-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yunfang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yueming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, National Center of Technology Innovation for animal model, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, PR China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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2
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Xu R, Pan Z, Nakagawa T. Gross Chromosomal Rearrangement at Centromeres. Biomolecules 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 38254628 PMCID: PMC10813616 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Centromeres play essential roles in the faithful segregation of chromosomes. CENP-A, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, and heterochromatin characterized by di- or tri-methylation of histone H3 9th lysine (H3K9) are the hallmarks of centromere chromatin. Contrary to the epigenetic marks, DNA sequences underlying the centromere region of chromosomes are not well conserved through evolution. However, centromeres consist of repetitive sequences in many eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and a subset of fungi, including fission yeast. Advances in long-read sequencing techniques have uncovered the complete sequence of human centromeres containing more than thousands of alpha satellite repeats and other types of repetitive sequences. Not only tandem but also inverted repeats are present at a centromere. DNA recombination between centromere repeats can result in gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR), such as translocation and isochromosome formation. CENP-A chromatin and heterochromatin suppress the centromeric GCR. The key player of homologous recombination, Rad51, safeguards centromere integrity through conservative noncrossover recombination between centromere repeats. In contrast to Rad51-dependent recombination, Rad52-mediated single-strand annealing (SSA) and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) lead to centromeric GCR. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of centromere and recombination proteins in maintaining centromere integrity and discusses how GCR occurs at centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ziyi Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakagawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
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Xie C, Chen X, Chen Y, Wang X, Zuo J, Zheng A, Luo Z, Cheng X, Zhong S, Jiang J, Du J, Zhao Y, Jiang P, Zhang W, Chen D, Pan H, Shen L, Zhu B, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Tang KF. Mutual communication between radiosensitive and radioresistant esophageal cancer cells modulates their radiosensitivity. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:846. [PMID: 38114473 PMCID: PMC10730729 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for patients with esophageal cancer; however, the response to radiation varies among different tumor subpopulations due to tumor heterogeneity. Cancer cells that survive radiotherapy (i.e., radioresistant) may proliferate, ultimately resulting in cancer relapse. However, the interaction between radiosensitive and radioresistant cancer cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that the mutual communication between radiosensitive and radioresistant esophageal cancer cells modulated their radiosensitivity. Radiosensitive cells secreted more exosomal let-7a and less interleukin-6 (IL-6) than radioresistant cells. Exosomal let-7a secreted by radiosensitive cells increased the radiosensitivity of radioresistant cells, whereas IL-6 secreted by radioresistant cells decreased the radiosensitivity of radiosensitive cells. Although the serum levels of let-7a and IL-6 before radiotherapy did not vary significantly between patients with radioresistant and radiosensitive diseases, radiotherapy induced a more pronounced decrease in serum let-7a levels and a greater increase in serum IL-6 levels in patients with radioresistant cancer compared to those with radiosensitive cancer. The percentage decrease in serum let-7a and the percentage increase in serum IL-6 levels at the early stage of radiotherapy were inversely associated with tumor regression after radiotherapy. Our findings suggest that early changes in serum let-7a and IL-6 levels may be used as a biomarker to predict the response to radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer and provide new insights into subsequent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Xie
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Wenzhou key Laboratory of basic science and translational research of radiation oncology, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shouhui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jizao Du
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuemei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Didi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huanle Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lanxiao Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325015, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Baoling Zhu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Wenzhou key Laboratory of basic science and translational research of radiation oncology, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Wenzhou key Laboratory of basic science and translational research of radiation oncology, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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4
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Camino LP, Dutta A, Barroso S, Pérez-Calero C, Katz JN, García-Rubio M, Sung P, Gómez-González B, Aguilera A. DICER ribonuclease removes harmful R-loops. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3707-3719.e5. [PMID: 37827159 PMCID: PMC11034902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
R-loops, which consist of a DNA-RNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand, are known to threaten genome integrity. To counteract this, different mechanisms suppress R-loop accumulation by either preventing the hybridization of RNA with the DNA template (RNA biogenesis factors), unwinding the hybrid (DNA-RNA helicases), or degrading the RNA moiety of the R-loop (type H ribonucleases [RNases H]). Thus far, RNases H are the only nucleases known to cleave DNA-RNA hybrids. Now, we show that the RNase DICER also resolves R-loops. Biochemical analysis reveals that DICER acts by specifically cleaving the RNA within R-loops. Importantly, a DICER RNase mutant impaired in R-loop processing causes a strong accumulation of R-loops in cells. Our results thus not only reveal a function of DICER as an R-loop resolvase independent of DROSHA but also provide evidence for the role of multi-functional RNA processing factors in the maintenance of genome integrity in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola P Camino
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Arijit Dutta
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Calero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Jeffrey N Katz
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - María García-Rubio
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Patrick Sung
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Belén Gómez-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Liu C, Li Z, Wen Y, Zheng R, Xu C, Tian J, Wei L, Wang J, Yan Q, Zheng X, Ma J. Epstein-Barr virus microRNA miR-BART2-5p accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis by suppressing RNase Ⅲ endonuclease DICER1. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105082. [PMID: 37495108 PMCID: PMC10470218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. NPC is usually asymptomatic until it spreads to other sites, and more than 70% of cases are classified as locally advanced disease at diagnosis. EBV-positive nasopharyngeal cancer tissues express only limited viral latent proteins, but express high levels of the EBV-encoded BamHI-A rightward transcript (BART) miRNA molecules. Here, we report that EBV-miRNA-BART2-5p (BART2-5p) promotes NPC cell invasion and metastasis in vivo and in vitro but has no effect on NPC cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, BART2-5p altered the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of NPC cells. The development of human tumors has been reported to be associated with altered miRNAs expression, and overall miRNAs expression is reduced in many types of tumors. We found that BART2-5p downregulated the expression of several miRNAs that could exert oncogenic functions. Mechanistically, BART2-5p directly targets the RNase III endonuclease DICER1, inhibiting its function of cleaving double-stranded stem-loop RNA into short double-stranded RNA, which in turn causes altered expression of a series of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules, and reverting DICER1 expression can rescue this phenotype. Furthermore, analysis from clinical samples showed a negative correlation between BART2-5p and DICER1 expression. According to our study, high expression of BART2-5p in tissues and plasma of patients with NPC is associated with poor prognosis. Our results suggest that, BART2-5p can accelerate NPC metastasis through modulating miRNA profiles which are mediated by DICER1, implying a novel role of EBV miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangge Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Can Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Wen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Run Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Junrui Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China.
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6
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Hu MZ, Dai ZZ, Ji HY, Zheng AQ, Liang H, Shen MM, Liu JN, Tang KF, Zhu SJ, Wang KJ. Upregulation of FAM50A promotes cancer development. Med Oncol 2023; 40:217. [PMID: 37393403 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
FAM50A encodes a nuclear protein involved in mRNA processing; however, its role in cancer development remains unclear. Herein, we conducted an integrative pan-cancer analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases. Based on the gene expression data from TCGA and GTEx databases, we compared FAM50A mRNA levels in 33 types of human cancer tissues to those in corresponding normal tissues and found that FAM50A mRNA level was upregulated in 20 of the 33 types of common cancer tissues. Then, we compared the DNA methylation status of the FAM50A promoter in tumor tissues to that in corresponding normal tissues. FAM50A upregulation was accompanied by promoter hypomethylation in 8 of the 20 types of tumor tissues, suggesting that promoter hypomethylation contributes to the upregulation of FAM50A in these cancer tissues. Elevated FAM50A expression in 10 types of cancer tissues was associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. FAM50A expression was positively correlated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte and dendritic cell infiltration in cancer tissues but was negatively correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration in cancer tissues. FAM50A knockdown caused DNA damage, induced interferon beta and interleukin-6 expression, and repressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. Our findings indicate that FAM50A might be useful in cancer detection, reveal insights into its role in cancer development, and may contribute to the development of cancer diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Qi Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Mei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Choqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Nan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Xu Y, Nowsheen S, Deng M. DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051619. [PMID: 36900418 PMCID: PMC10000854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments. A better understanding of these pathways will help exploit cancer immunotherapy and DDR pathways to improve treatment outcomes for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
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8
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DICER1 mutations in primary central nervous system tumors: new insights into histologies, mutations, and prognosis. J Neurooncol 2022; 157:499-510. [PMID: 35384518 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-03994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to characterize clinical outcomes for adult and pediatric patients with primary CNS tumors harboring DICER1 mutations or loss of DICER1. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 98 patients who were treated between 1995 and 2020 for primary CNS tumors containing DICER1 mutations or loss of DICER1 on chromosome 14q, identified by targeted next generation sequencing. Kaplan-Meier plots and log rank tests were used to analyze survival. Cox proportional-hazards model was used for univariate and multivariable analyses for all-cause mortality (ACM). RESULTS Within our cohort, the most common malignancies were grade 3/4 glioma (61%), grade 1/2 glioma (17%), and CNS sarcoma (6%). Sarcoma and non-glioma histologies, and tumors with biallelic DICER1 mutations or deletions were common in the pediatric population. Mutations occurred throughout DICER1, including missense mutations in the DexD/H-box helicase, DUF283, RNaseIIIa, and RNaseIIIb domains. For patients with grade 3/4 glioma, MGMT methylation (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.16-0.73, p = 0.005), IDH1 R132 mutation (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.41, p = 0.001), and missense mutation in the DexD/H-box helicase domain (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.38, p = 0.003) were independently associated with longer time to ACM on multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION DICER1 mutations or loss of DICER1 occur in diverse primary CNS tumors, including previously unrecognized grade 3/4 gliomas as the most common histology. While prior studies have described RNaseIIIb hotspot mutations, we document novel mutations in additional DICER1 functional domains. Within the grade 3/4 glioma cohort, missense mutation in the DexD/H-box helicase domain was associated with prolonged survival.
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9
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Jiménez-Villegas J, Ferraiuolo L, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI. NRF2 as a therapeutic opportunity to impact in the molecular roadmap of ALS. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:125-141. [PMID: 34314817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating heterogeneous disease with still no convincing therapy. To identify the most strategically significant hallmarks for therapeutic intervention, we have performed a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis of dysregulated pathways, comparing datasets from ALS patients and healthy donors. We have identified crucial alterations in RNA metabolism, intracellular transport, vascular system, redox homeostasis, proteostasis and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) has significant effects in modulating these pathways. NRF2 has been classically considered as the master regulator of the antioxidant cellular response, although it is currently considered as a key component of the transduction machinery to maintain coordinated control of protein quality, inflammation, and redox homeostasis. Herein, we will summarize the data from NRF2 activators in ALS pre-clinical models as well as those that are being studied in clinical trials. As we will discuss, NRF2 is a promising target to build a coordinated transcriptional response to motor neuron injury, highlighting its therapeutic potential to combat ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiménez-Villegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Establishment of HLA class I and MICA/B null HEK-293T panel expressing single MICA alleles to detect anti-MICA antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15716. [PMID: 34344955 PMCID: PMC8333366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre- and post-transplantation anti-MICA antibody detection development are associated with an increased rejection risk and low graft survival. We previously generated HLA class I null HEK-293T using CRISPR/Cas9, while MICA and MICB genes were removed in this study. A panel of 11 cell lines expressing single MICA alleles was established. Anti-MICA antibody in the sera of kidney transplant patients was determined using flow cytometric method (FCM) and the Luminex method. In the 44 positive sera, the maximum FCM value was 2879 MFI compared to 28,135 MFI of Luminex method. Eleven sera (25%) were determined as positive by FCM and 32 sera (72%) were positive by the Luminex method. The sum of total MICA antigens, MICA*002, *004, *009, *019, and *027 correlation showed a statistically significant between the two methods (P = 0.0412, P = 0.0476, P = 0.0019, P = 0.0098, P = 0.0467, and P = 0.0049). These results demonstrated that HEK-293T-based engineered cell lines expressing single MICA alleles were suitable for measuring specific antibodies against MICA antigens in the sera of transplant patients. Studies of antibodies to MICA antigens may help to understand responses in vivo and increase clinical relevance at the cellular level such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
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11
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Feng W, Yang M, Li X, Wei D. Dicer promotes Atg8 expression through RNAi independent mechanism in Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6311133. [PMID: 34185085 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG8 is one of the critical genes that participate in several essential autophagic steps. The expression of ATG8 must be exquisitely regulated to avoid physiological disorder and even cell death. However, the mechanisms of regulating ATG8 expression remain to be fully uncovered. In this investigation, we found that Dicer homologs in Cryptococcus neoformans could activate the expression of ATG8 independent of RNAi. Deletion of two Dicer homologs (DCR1 and DCR2) from C. neoformans, especially DCR2, led to significantly reduced Atg8 protein level, but deletion of other RNAi components did not result in the same phenotype. The autophagic flux, the numbers of autophagic bodies and the tolerance to glucose starvation of dcr2∆ were also significantly reduced. Further investigation showed that Dcr2 activates the expression of ATG8 through the promoter region, not the Open Reading Frame or 3' Untranslated Region. We also found that a similar phenomenon exists in mammalian cells, as DCR1 instead of AGO2 knockdown also reduced the expression of LC3, indicating that this mechanism may be conservative in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, a novel transcription activation mechanism was revealed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongsheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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12
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Tsurumi A, Li WX. Aging mechanisms-A perspective mostly from Drosophila. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:e10026. [PMID: 36619249 PMCID: PMC9744567 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the natural aging process, which is distinct from aging-related disease mechanisms, is essential for developing interventions to extend lifespan or healthspan. Here, we discuss current trends in aging research and address conceptual and experimental challenges in the field. We examine various molecular markers implicated in aging with an emphasis on the role of heterochromatin and epigenetic changes. Studies in model organisms have been advantageous in elucidating conserved genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and assessing interventions that affect aging. We highlight the use of Drosophila, which allows controlled studies for evaluating genetic and environmental contributors to aging conveniently. Finally, we propose the use of novel methodologies and future strategies using Drosophila in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tsurumi
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children‐Boston®BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Willis X. Li
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Nabih HK. Crosstalk between NRF2 and Dicer through metastasis regulating MicroRNAs; mir-34a, mir-200 family and mir-103/107 family. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 686:108326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Wu X, Chen X, Liu H, He ZW, Wang Z, Wei LJ, Wang WY, Zhong S, He Q, Zhang Z, Ou R, Gao J, Lei Y, Yang W, Song G, Jin Y, Zhou L, Xu Y, Tang KF. Rescuing Dicer expression in inflamed colon tissues alleviates colitis and prevents colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5749-5762. [PMID: 32483416 PMCID: PMC7254990 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to promote carcinogenesis; Dicer heterozygous mice are more likely to develop colitis-associated tumors. This study investigates whether Dicer is downregulated in inflamed colon tissues before malignancy occurs and whether increasing Dicer expression in inflamed colon tissues can alleviate colitis and prevent colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Methods: Gene expression in colon tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and real-time RT-PCR. Hydrogen peroxide or N-acetyl-L-cysteine was used to induce or alleviate oxidative stress, respectively. Mice were given azoxymethane followed by dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis and colon tumors. Berberine, anastrozole, or pranoprofen was used to rescue Dicer expression in inflammatory colon tissues. Results: Oxidative stress repressed Dicer expression in inflamed colon tissues by inducing miR-215 expression. Decreased Dicer expression increased DNA damage and cytosolic DNA and promoted interleukin-6 expression upon hydrogen peroxide treatment. Dicer overexpression in inflamed colon tissues alleviated inflammation and repressed colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we found that anastrozole, berberine, and pranoprofen could promote Dicer expression and protect cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, thereby reducing cytosolic DNA and partially repressing interleukin-6 expression upon hydrogen peroxide treatment. Rescuing Dicer expression using anastrozole, berberine, or pranoprofen in inflamed colon tissues alleviated colitis and prevented colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Conclusions: Dicer was downregulated in inflamed colon tissues before malignancy occurred. Decreased Dicer expression further exaggerated inflammation, which may promote carcinogenesis. Anastrozole, berberine, and pranoprofen alleviated colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis by promoting Dicer expression. Our study provides insight into potential colitis treatment and colitis-associated colon cancer prevention strategies.
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15
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Domingo-Prim J, Bonath F, Visa N. RNA at DNA Double-Strand Breaks: The Challenge of Dealing with DNA:RNA Hybrids. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900225. [PMID: 32105369 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), transcribes the sequences that flank the break and produces a novel RNA type that has been termed damage-induced long non-coding RNA (dilncRNA). DilncRNAs can be processed into short, miRNA-like molecules or degraded by different ribonucleases. They can also form double-stranded RNAs or DNA:RNA hybrids. The DNA:RNA hybrids formed at DSBs contribute to the recruitment of repair factors during the early steps of homologous recombination (HR) and, in this way, contribute to the accuracy of the DNA repair. However, if not resolved, the DNA:RNA hybrids are highly mutagenic and prevent the recruitment of later HR factors. Here recent discoveries about the synthesis, processing, and degradation of dilncRNAs are revised. The focus is on RNA clearance, a necessary step for the successful repair of DSBs and the aim is to reconcile contradictory findings on the effects of dilncRNAs and DNA:RNA hybrids in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Domingo-Prim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Moirai Biodesign SL, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Bonath
- Science for Life Laboratory, National Genomics Infrastructure, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neus Visa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Gutbrod MJ, Martienssen RA. Conserved chromosomal functions of RNA interference. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:311-331. [PMID: 32051563 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a cellular process through which small RNAs target and regulate complementary RNA transcripts, has well-characterized roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation and transposon repression. Recent studies have revealed additional conserved roles for RNAi proteins, such as Argonaute and Dicer, in chromosome function. By guiding chromatin modification, RNAi components promote chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis and regulate chromosomal and genomic dosage response. Small RNAs and the RNAi machinery also participate in the resolution of DNA damage. Interestingly, many of these lesser-studied functions seem to be more strongly conserved across eukaryotes than are well-characterized functions such as the processing of microRNAs. These findings have implications for the evolution of RNAi since the last eukaryotic common ancestor, and they provide a more complete view of the functions of RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gutbrod
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Martienssen
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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17
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Turunen TA, Roberts TC, Laitinen P, Väänänen MA, Korhonen P, Malm T, Ylä-Herttuala S, Turunen MP. Changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic microRNA distribution in response to hypoxic stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10332. [PMID: 31316122 PMCID: PMC6637125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have well-characterized roles in cytoplasmic gene regulation, where they act by binding to mRNA transcripts and inhibiting their translation (i.e. post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS). However, miRNAs have also been implicated in transcriptional gene regulation and alternative splicing, events that are restricted to the cell nucleus. Here we performed nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation in a mouse endothelial cell line and characterized the localization of miRNAs in response to hypoxia using small RNA sequencing. A highly diverse population of abundant miRNA species was detected in the nucleus, of which the majority (56%) was found to be preferentially localized in one compartment or the other. Induction of hypoxia resulted in changes in miRNA levels in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, with the majority of changes being restricted to one location and not the other. Notably, the classical hypoxamiR (miR-210-3p) was highly up-regulated in the nuclear compartment after hypoxic stimulus. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated level of molecular complexity in the physiological response occurring in ischemic tissue. Furthermore, widespread differential miRNA expression in the nucleus strongly suggests that these small RNAs are likely to perform extensive nuclear regulatory functions in the general case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia A Turunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pia Laitinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari-Anna Väänänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 KUH, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko P Turunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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18
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Guo WT, Wang Y. Dgcr8 knockout approaches to understand microRNA functions in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1697-1711. [PMID: 30694346 PMCID: PMC11105204 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologic function of the majority of microRNAs (miRNAs) is still unknown. Uncovering the function of miRNAs is hurdled by redundancy among different miRNAs. The deletion of Dgcr8 leads to the deficiency in producing all canonical miRNAs, therefore, overcoming the redundancy issue. Dgcr8 knockout strategy has been instrumental in understanding the function of miRNAs in a variety of cells in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction about miRNAs, miRNA biogenesis pathway and the role of Dgcr8 in miRNA biogenesis. We will then summarize studies performed with Dgcr8 knockout cell models with a focus on embryonic stem cells. After that, we will summarize results from various in vivo Dgcr8 knockout models. Given significant phenotypic differences in various tissues between Dgcr8 and Dicer knockout, we will also briefly review current progresses on understanding miRNA-independent functions of miRNA biogenesis factors. Finally, we will discuss the potential use of a new strategy to stably express miRNAs in Dgcr8 knockout cells. In future, Dgcr8 knockout approaches coupled with innovations in miRNA rescue strategy may provide further insights into miRNA functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Luo D, Dong XW, Yan B, Liu M, Xue TH, Liu H, You JH, Li F, Wang ZL, Chen ZN. MG132 selectively upregulates MICB through the DNA damage response pathway in A549 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:213-220. [PMID: 30483783 PMCID: PMC6297755 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells recognize stress-activated NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands in tumors. In the present study, the expression levels of NKG2D ligands were examined in four lung cancer cell lines (A549, PLA801D, NCI-H157 and NCI-H520). In the A549 cells, the expression of MHC class I polypeptiderelated sequence (MIC)A/B and UL16 binding protein (ULBP)1 was weak, the expression of ULBP2 was typical, and neither ULBP3 nor ULBP4 were expressed. The mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of a cancer treatment agent on the expression of NKG2D ligands was investigated using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Following treatment for 8 h with MG132, the transcription levels of MICB and ULBP1 were upregulated 10.62- and 11.09-fold, respectively, and the expression levels of MICB and ULBP1 were increased by 68.18 and 23.65%, respectively. Notably, MICB exhibited significant time-dependent change. MG132 increased the transcription of MICB by acting at a site in the 480-bp MICB upstream promoter. The activity of the MICB promoter was upregulated 1.77-fold following treatment with MG132. MG132 treatment improved the cytotoxicity of NK cells, which was partially blocked by an antibody targeting NKG2D, and more specifically the MICB molecule. The expression of MICB induced by MG132 was inhibited by KU-55933 [ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor], wortmannin (phosphoinositide 3 kinase inhibitor) and caffeine (ATM/ATM-Rad3-related inhibitor). The phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), an event associated with DNA damage, was observed following treatment with MG132. These results indicated that MG132 selectively upregulates the expression of MICB in A549 cells, and increases the NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity of NK cells. The regulatory effect of MG132 may be associated with the activation of Chk2, an event associated with DNA damage. The combination of MG132 with NK cell immunotherapy may have a synergistic effect that improves the therapeutic effect of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Wen Dong
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Hui Xue
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hao You
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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20
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Zhou MT, Zhao C, Chen X, Zhang HC, Li G, Lou H, Huang WJ, Wei LJ, Li DW, Wu X, Zhang ZC, Liu H, Ou R, Yang WJ, Hu S, Xu Y, Tang KF. MicroRNA-34a promotes MICB expression in hepatocytes. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1477-1487. [PMID: 30256916 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 98th Hospital of PLA, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng-Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyan Lou
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-Jie Wei
- Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe-Chao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Sayanthooran S, Gunerathne L, Abeysekera TDJ, Magana-Arachchi DN. Transcriptome analysis supports viral infection and fluoride toxicity as contributors to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1667-1677. [PMID: 29808448 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), having epidemic characteristics, is being diagnosed increasingly in certain tropical regions of the world, mainly Latin America and Sri Lanka. They have been observed primarily in farming communities and current hypotheses point toward many environmental and occupational triggers. CKDu does not have common etiologies of chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as hypertension, diabetes, or autoimmune disease. We aimed to understand the molecular processes underlying CKDu in Sri Lanka using transcriptome analysis. METHODS RNA extracted from whole blood was reverse transcribed and used for microarray analysis using the Human HT-12 v.4 array (Illumina). Pathway analysis was carried out using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA-Qiagen). Microarray results were validated using real-time PCR of five selected genes. RESULTS Pathways related to innate immune response, including interferon signaling, inflammasome signaling and TREM1 signaling had the most significant positive activation z scores, where as EIF2 signaling and mTOR signaling had the most significant negative activation z scores. Pathways previously linked to fluoride toxicity; G-protein activation, Cdc42 signaling, Rac signaling and RhoA signaling were activated in CKDu patients. The most significantly activated biological functions were cell death, cell movement and antimicrobial response. Significant toxicological functions were mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the molecular pathway analysis in CKDu patients and review of literature, viral infections and fluoride toxicity appear to be contributing to the molecular mechanisms underlying CKDu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanabavan Sayanthooran
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Tilak D J Abeysekera
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKID), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhammika N Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka.
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22
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Ma D, Chen X, Zhang PY, Zhang H, Wei LJ, Hu S, Tang JZ, Zhou MT, Xie C, Ou R, Xu Y, Tang KF. Upregulation of the ALDOA/DNA-PK/p53 pathway by dietary restriction suppresses tumor growth. Oncogene 2017; 37:1041-1048. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Özlü F, Akçalı M, Yıldız ŞM, Yapıcıoğlu Yıldızdaş H, Gözet Y, Atay A. New biomarkers for antenatal infection: MICA and MICB gene expression in preterm babies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:579-583. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1387528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Özlü
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akçalı
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Asena Atay
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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24
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Chen X, Li WF, Wu X, Zhang HC, Chen L, Zhang PY, Liu LY, Ma D, Chen T, Zhou L, Xu Y, Zhou MT, Tang KF. Dicer regulates non-homologous end joining and is associated with chemosensitivity in colon cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:873-882. [PMID: 28911000 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is an important mechanism underlying chemotherapy resistance in human cancers. Dicer participates in DSB repair by facilitating homologous recombination. However, whether Dicer is involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) remains unknown. Here, we addressed whether Dicer regulates NHEJ and chemosensitivity in colon cancer cells. Using our recently developed NHEJ assay, we found that DSB introduction by I-SceI cleavage leads to Dicer upregulation. Dicer knockdown increased SIRT7 binding and decreased the level of H3K18Ac (acetylated lysine 18 of histone H3) at DSB sites, thereby repressing the recruitment of NHEJ factors to DSB sites and inhibiting NHEJ. Dicer overexpression reduced SIRT7 binding and increased the level of H3K18Ac at DSB sites, promoting the recruitment of NHEJ factors to DSBs and moderately enhancing NHEJ. Dicer knockdown and overexpression increased and decreased, respectively, the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells. Dicer protein expression in colon cancer tissues of patients was directly correlated with chemoresistance. Our findings revealed a function of Dicer in NHEJ-mediated DSB repair and the association of Dicer expression with chemoresistance in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine.,Digestive Cancer Center.,Department of Gastroenterology
| | | | | | - Heng-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine.,Digestive Cancer Center.,Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine.,Digestive Cancer Center.,Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Pei-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine.,Digestive Cancer Center.,Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Li-Yuan Liu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Di Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine.,Digestive Cancer Center.,Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Tongke Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | | | - Meng-Tao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine.,Digestive Cancer Center.,Department of Gastroenterology
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25
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Chitale S, Richly H. DICER and ZRF1 contribute to chromatin decondensation during nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5901-5912. [PMID: 28402505 PMCID: PMC5449631 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of damaged DNA relies on the recruitment of DNA repair factors in a well orchestrated manner. As a prerequisite, the chromatin needs to be decondensed by chromatin remodelers to allow for binding of repair factors and for DNA repair to occur. Recent studies have implicated members of the SWI/SNF and INO80 families as well as PARP1 in nucleotide excision repair (NER). In this study, we report that the endonuclease DICER is implicated in chromatin decondensation during NER. In response to UV irradiation, DICER is recruited to chromatin in a ZRF1-mediated manner. The H2A–ubiquitin binding protein ZRF1 and DICER together impact on the chromatin conformation via PARP1. Moreover, DICER-mediated chromatin decondensation is independent of its catalytic activity. Taken together, we describe a novel function of DICER at chromatin and its interaction with the ubiquitin signalling cascade during GG-NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Chitale
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Richly
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Höti N, Yang S, Aiyetan P, Kumar B, Hu Y, Clark D, Eroglu AU, Shah P, Johnson T, Chowdery WH, Zhang H, Rodriguez R. Overexpression of Exportin-5 Overrides the Inhibitory Effect of miRNAs Regulation Control and Stabilize Proteins via Posttranslation Modifications in Prostate Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 19:817-829. [PMID: 28881308 PMCID: PMC5587889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although XPO5 has been characterized to have tumor-suppressor features in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, the impact of altered expression of XPO5 in cancers is unexplored. Here we report a novel "oncogenic" role of XPO5 in advanced prostate cancer. Using prostate cancer models, we found that excess levels of XPO5 override the inhibitory effect of the canoncial miRNA-mRNA regulation, resulting in a global increase in proteins expression. Importantly, we found that decreased expression of XPO5 could promote an increase in proteasome degradation, whereas overexpression of XPO5 leads to altered protein posttranslational modification via hyperglycosylation, resulting in cellular protein stability. We evaluated the therapeutic advantage of targeting XPO5 in prostate cancer and found that knocking down XPO5 in prostate cancer cells suppressed cellular proliferation and tumor development without significantly impacting normal fibroblast cells survival. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the oncogenic role of XPO5 in overriding the miRNAs regulation control. Furthermore, we believe that these findings will provide an explanation as to why, in some cancers that express higher abundance of mature miRNAs, fail to suppress their potential protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseruddin Höti
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul Aiyetan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Binod Kumar
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David Clark
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Arife Unal Eroglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Punit Shah
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tamara Johnson
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wasim H Chowdery
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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27
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Burger K, Schlackow M, Potts M, Hester S, Mohammed S, Gullerova M. Nuclear phosphorylated Dicer processes double-stranded RNA in response to DNA damage. J Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28642363 PMCID: PMC5551710 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoribonuclease Dicer is a key component of the human RNA interference pathway and is known for its role in cytoplasmic microRNA production. Recent findings suggest that noncanonical Dicer generates small noncoding RNA to mediate the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that human Dicer is phosphorylated in the platform-Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille-connector helix cassette (S1016) upon induction of DNA damage. Phosphorylated Dicer (p-Dicer) accumulates in the nucleus and is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks. We further demonstrate that turnover of damage-induced nuclear, double-stranded (ds) RNA requires additional phosphorylation of carboxy-terminal Dicer residues (S1728 and S1852). DNA damage-induced nuclear Dicer accumulation is conserved in mammals. Dicer depletion causes endogenous DNA damage and delays the DDR by impaired recruitment of repair factors MDC1 and 53BP1. Collectively, we place Dicer within the context of the DDR by demonstrating a DNA damage-inducible phosphoswitch that causes localized processing of nuclear dsRNA by p-Dicer to promote DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Burger
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin Potts
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Svenja Hester
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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28
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A short half-life of ULBP1 at the cell surface due to internalization and proteosomal degradation. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:479-85. [PMID: 26732147 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2D-L) flag stressed cells for immune recognition and destruction. A precise control of the cell surface expression of these proteins is therefore required to ensure an appropriate immune response and it is becoming clear that NKG2D ligand expression is regulated at multiple levels. We now report that the surface stability of the human glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored ligand ULBP1 (UL16-binding protein) at the plasma membrane is lower than other ULBP molecules. This difference in stability is due neither to shedding nor to a higher internalization rate of ULBP1 but rather occurs because of a rapid degradation of ULBP1 protein after internalization from the cell surface that is blocked by proteasome inhibition. These data indicate that, in addition to the known transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, surface expression of human NKG2D-L is also regulated by protein turnover and that the brief residence of ULBP1 could contribute to the fine tuning of immune responses.
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29
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Zhang PY, Li G, Deng ZJ, Liu LY, Chen L, Tang JZ, Wang YQ, Cao ST, Fang YX, Wen F, Xu Y, Chen X, Shi KQ, Li WF, Xie C, Tang KF. Dicer interacts with SIRT7 and regulates H3K18 deacetylation in response to DNA damaging agents. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:3629-42. [PMID: 26704979 PMCID: PMC4856966 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicer participates in heterochromatin formation in fission yeast and plants. However, whether it has a similar role in mammals remains controversial. Here we showed that the human Dicer protein interacts with SIRT7, an NAD+-dependent H3K18Ac (acetylated lysine 18 of histone H3) deacetylase, and holds a proportion of SIRT7 in the cytoplasm. Dicer knockdown led to an increase of chromatin-associated SIRT7 and simultaneously a decrease of cytoplasmic SIRT7, while its overexpression induced SIRT7 reduction in the chromatin-associated fraction and increment in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, DNA damaging agents promoted Dicer expression, leading to decreased level of chromatin-associated SIRT7 and increased level of H3K18Ac, which can be alleviated by Dicer knockdown. Taken together with that H3K18Ac was exclusively associated with the chromatin, our findings suggest that Dicer induction by DNA damaging treatments prevents H3K18Ac deacetylation, probably by trapping more SIRT7 in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guiling Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Jun Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yuan Liu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Zhou Tang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qun Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Su-Ting Cao
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiao Fang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Wen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Department of Dermato-Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qing Shi
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Congying Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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30
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DICER1 and microRNA regulation in post-traumatic stress disorder with comorbid depression. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10106. [PMID: 26632874 PMCID: PMC4686835 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER1 is an enzyme that generates mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in brain and other tissues and is involved in synaptic maturation and plasticity. Here, through genome-wide differential gene expression survey of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with comorbid depression (PTSD&Dep), we find that blood DICER1 expression is significantly reduced in cases versus controls, and replicate this in two independent cohorts. Our follow-up studies find that lower blood DICER1 expression is significantly associated with increased amygdala activation to fearful stimuli, a neural correlate for PTSD. Additionally, a genetic variant in the 3′ un-translated region of DICER1, rs10144436, is significantly associated with DICER1 expression and with PTSD&Dep, and the latter is replicated in an independent cohort. Furthermore, genome-wide differential expression survey of miRNAs in blood in PTSD&Dep reveals miRNAs to be significantly downregulated in cases versus controls. Together, our novel data suggest DICER1 plays a role in molecular mechanisms of PTSD&Dep through the DICER1 and the miRNA regulation pathway. DICER1 is required for the maturation of miRNAs which regulate expression of thousands of genes. Here the authors show significantly reduced levels of DICER1 in individuals having post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression suggestive of a role in the molecular mechanism of the condition.
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31
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Okita R, Wolf D, Yasuda K, Maeda A, Yukawa T, Saisho S, Shimizu K, Yamaguchi Y, Oka M, Nakayama E, Lundqvist A, Kiessling R, Seliger B, Nakata M. Contrasting Effects of the Cytotoxic Anticancer Drug Gemcitabine and the EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib on NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity via Regulation of NKG2D Ligand in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139809. [PMID: 26439264 PMCID: PMC4595469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several cytotoxic anticancer drugs inhibit DNA replication and/or mitosis, while EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors inactivate EGFR signalling in cancer cell. Both types of anticancer drugs improve the overall survival of the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although tumors often become refractory to this treatment. Despite several mechanisms by which the tumors become resistant having been described the effect of these compounds on anti-tumor immunity remains largely unknown. METHODS This study examines the effect of the cytotoxic drug Gemcitabine and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gefitinib on the expression of NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands as well as the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to the NK-mediated lysis. RESULTS We demonstrate that Gemcitabine treatment leads to an enhanced expression, while Gefitinib downregulated the expression of molecules that act as key ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D and promote NK cell-mediated recognition and cytolysis. Gemcitabine activated ATM and ATM- and Rad-3-related protein kinase (ATR) pathways. The Gemcitabine-induced phosphorylation of ATM as well as the upregulation of the NKG2D ligand expression could be blocked by an ATM-ATR inhibitor. In contrast, Gefitinib attenuated NKG2D ligand expression. Silencing EGFR using siRNA or addition of the PI3K inhibitor resulted in downregulation of NKG2D ligands. The observations suggest that the EGFR/PI3K pathway also regulates the expression of NKG2D ligands. Additionally, we showed that both ATM-ATR and EGFR regulate MICA/B via miR20a. CONCLUSION In keeping with the effect on NKG2D expression, Gemcitabine enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity while Gefitinib attenuated NK cell killing in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Wolf
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Koichiro Yasuda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ai Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takuro Yukawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Mikio Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakayama
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Canavese M, Dottorini T, Crisanti A. VEGF and LPS synergistically silence inflammatory response to Plasmodium berghei infection and protect against cerebral malaria. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109:255-65. [PMID: 26392042 DOI: 10.1179/2047773215y.0000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria infection induces, alongside endothelial damage and obstruction hypoxia, a potent inflammatory response similar to that observed in other systemic diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. Accordingly, it is increasingly recognised that cerebral malaria (CM), the most severe and life threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, bears a number of similarities with sepsis, an often fatal condition associated with a misregulated inflammatory response triggered by systemic microbial infections. Using a Plasmodium berghei ANKA mouse model, histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis, we showed that lipopolysaccharide S (LPS), at doses that normally induce inflammation tolerance, protects P. berghei infected mice against experimental CM (ECM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preserved blood vessel integrity, and the combination with LPS resulted in a strong synergistic effect. Treated mice did not develop ECM, showed a prolonged survival and failed to develop a significant inflammatory response and splenomegaly in spite of normal parasite loads. The protective role of VEGF was further confirmed by the observation that the treatment of P. berghei infected C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice with the VEGF receptor inhibitor axitinib exacerbates cerebral pathology and aggravates the course of infection. Infected mice treated with VEGF and LPS showed an induction of the anti-inflammatory genes Nrf2 and HO-1 and a suppression to basal levels of the genes IFN-γ and TNF-α. These results provide the rationale for developing new therapeutic approaches against CM and shed new light on how the inflammatory process can be modulated in the presence of systemic infectious diseases.
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Canavese M, Crisanti A. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lovastatin suppress the inflammatory response to Plasmodium berghei infection and protect against experimental cerebral malaria. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109:266-74. [PMID: 26392164 DOI: 10.1179/2047773215y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, which is associated with high mortality and long-term cognitive impairment even when effective anti-parasitic treatment is administered. (1 , 2) Supportive therapy is needed to improve both morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. In an accompanying paper, we have demonstrated that in the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) rodent model, CM can be effectively prevented by a treatment combining sub-lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide S (LPS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Since LPS is not suitable for human therapy, we investigated whether lovastatin would represent a suitable substitute. This compound, widely used to lower cholesterol levels in plasma, shares with LPS the ability to elicit an anti-inflammatory response by activating the Nrf-2 gene, and when given to P. berghei-infected mice prevents to some extent the onset of CM. We show here that lovastatin- and VEGF-treated mice did not develop CM and showed few signs, if any, of endothelial damage and systemic inflammation. The combination treatment was much more effective than lovastatin and VEGF alone. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis indicated that VEGF and LPS together overturned the two pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the development of CM: endothelial damage and disregulated activation of the inflammatory response. These findings provide the rationale for investigating the therapeutic potential of these compounds in human CM as well as in other inflammatory pathologies that respond poorly to steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Hu L, Cao D, Li Y, He Y, Guo K. Resveratrol sensitized leukemia stem cell-like KG-1a cells to cytokine-induced killer cells-mediated cytolysis through NKG2D ligands and TRAIL receptors. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 13:516-26. [DOI: 10.4161/cbt.19601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Wang YQ, Ren YF, Song YJ, Xue YF, Zhang XJ, Cao ST, Deng ZJ, Wu J, Chen L, Li G, Shi KQ, Chen YP, Ren H, Huang AL, Tang KF. MicroRNA-581 promotes hepatitis B virus surface antigen expression by targeting Dicer and EDEM1. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2127-2133. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Kishikawa T, Otsuka M, Yoshikawa T, Ohno M, Takata A, Shibata C, Kondo Y, Akanuma M, Yoshida H, Koike K. Regulation of the expression of the liver cancer susceptibility gene MICA by microRNAs. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2739. [PMID: 24061441 PMCID: PMC3781398 DOI: 10.1038/srep02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a threat to public health worldwide. We previously identified the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the promoter region of the MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) gene with the risk of hepatitis-virus-related HCC. Because this SNP affects MICA expression levels, regulating MICA expression levels may be important in the prevention of HCC. We herein show that the microRNA (miR) 25-93-106b cluster can modulate MICA levels in HCC cells. Overexpression of the miR 25-93-106b cluster significantly suppressed MICA expression. Conversely, silencing of this miR cluster enhanced MICA expression in cells that express substantial amounts of MICA. The changes in MICA expression levels by the miR25-93-106b cluster were biologically significant in an NKG2D-binding assay and an in vivo cell-killing model. These data suggest that the modulation of MICA expression levels by miRNAs may be a useful method to regulate HCCs during hepatitis viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kishikawa
- 1] Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan [2]
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Shi P, Yin T, Zhou F, Cui P, Gou S, Wang C. Valproic acid sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to natural killer cell-mediated lysis by upregulating MICA and MICB via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:370. [PMID: 24885711 PMCID: PMC4076062 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is reported to exert anti-tumor effects by upregulating the expression of the natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) ligands on tumor cells; however, the mechanisms vary in different tumor types, and the effect and mechanism of action of VPA in pancreatic cancer cells are unknown. Methods The present study evaluated the effect of VPA to susceptibility of pancreatic cancer cells to the NK cell-mediated lysis in vitro and in vivo. Then we investigated the mechanism which the effect of VPA depend on. Results The lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) and xenograft experiment demonstrated that VPA significantly sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to NK cell-mediated lysis in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative real time- polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry demonstrated that VPA upregulated the mRNA and cell surface expression of the NKG2D ligands major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B (MICA and MICB) in pancreatic cancer cells. Effects of VPA both in vitro and in vivo were significantly attenuated by the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 or a siRNA targeting PI3K catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PI3KCA). Conclusion VPA enhances the susceptibility of pancreatic cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo by upregulating the expression of MICA and MICB via a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanmiao Gou
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, P, R, China.
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López-Soto A, Huergo-Zapico L, Acebes-Huerta A, Villa-Alvarez M, Gonzalez S. NKG2D signaling in cancer immunosurveillance. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1741-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional; Universidad de Oviedo; IUOPA, Asturias Spain
| | | | - Andrea Acebes-Huerta
- Departamento de Biología Funcional; Universidad de Oviedo; IUOPA, Asturias Spain
| | - Mónica Villa-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional; Universidad de Oviedo; IUOPA, Asturias Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional; Universidad de Oviedo; IUOPA, Asturias Spain
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Cerboni C, Fionda C, Soriani A, Zingoni A, Doria M, Cippitelli M, Santoni A. The DNA Damage Response: A Common Pathway in the Regulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1 Ligand Expression in Normal, Infected, and Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 4:508. [PMID: 24432022 PMCID: PMC3882864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D and DNAM-1 are two activating receptors, present on the surface of NK cells and other cells of the immune system. Their ligands – MICA, MICB, ULBP1-6 for NKG2D, PVR/CD155 and Nectin-2/CD112 for DNAM-1 – can be constitutively expressed at low levels in some normal cells, but they are more often defined as “stress-induced,” since different stimuli can positively regulate their expression. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands under different physiological and pathological “stress” conditions, including mitosis, viral infections, and cancer. We will focus on the DNA damage response, as recent advances in the field have uncovered its important role as a common signaling pathway in the regulation of both NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligand expression in response to very diverse conditions and stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Margherita Doria
- Laboratory of Immunoinfectivology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Mediterranean Neurological Institute , Pozzilli , Italy
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Anguria P, Carmichael T, Ntuli S, Kitinya J. Chronic inflammatory cells and damaged limbal cells in pterygium. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:725-30. [PMID: 24250313 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation in pterygium occurrence has not been explained. Whether damaged limbal basal epithelial cells are associated with pterygium occurrence in black Africans is not clear. OBJECTIVE To explain chronic inflammation in pterygium, and to clarify whether damaged limbal basal epithelial cells were associated with pterygium occurrence in black Africans. METHODS Chronic inflammatory changes and damaged limbal basal epithelial cells were assessed in 59 samples. RESULTS Chronic inflammatory cells were present in 59 pterygia. Inflammatory cell count in 5 (27.8%) of 18 small pterygia was >200 (high) while in 22 (53.7%) of 41 large growths was <200 (low); p = 0.25. The proportion of pterygia with high counts tended to increase with pterygium extent. Twenty (33.9%) of 59 pterygia recurred after surgery. Ten (50%) of 20 samples had high cell counts and 10 (50%), low counts; p = 0.40. P53 expression was detected in 11 (18.6%) of 59 pterygium samples and 5 (71.4%) of 7 controls; p = 0.007. MMP 1 staining was present in 14 (23.7%) of 59 sections and 5 (71.4%) of 7 controls; p = 0.02. MMP2 in 16 (27.1%) cases and 5 (71.4%) controls; p = 0.03. MMP3 was overexpressed in 16 (27.1%) of 59 cases and 5 (71.4%) controls; p = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS Mild chronic inflammation has a tendency to be more frequent than severe inflammation in pterygia. It is clear that damaged limbal basal epithelial cells are unlikely to be related to pterygium occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anguria
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Ophthalmology, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa
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New role for DCR-1/dicer in Caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity against the highly virulent bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis DB27. Infect Immun 2013; 81:3942-57. [PMID: 23918784 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00700-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis produces toxins that target invertebrates, including Caenorhabditis elegans. Virulence of Bacillus strains is often highly specific, such that B. thuringiensis strain DB27 is highly pathogenic to C. elegans but shows no virulence for another model nematode, Pristionchus pacificus. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of the differential responses of the two nematodes to B. thuringiensis DB27 and to reveal the C. elegans defense mechanisms against this pathogen, we conducted a genetic screen for C. elegans mutants resistant to B. thuringiensis DB27. Here, we describe a B. thuringiensis DB27-resistant C. elegans mutant that is identical to nasp-1, which encodes the C. elegans homolog of the nuclear-autoantigenic-sperm protein. Gene expression analysis indicated a substantial overlap between the genes downregulated in the nasp-1 mutant and targets of C. elegans dcr-1/Dicer, suggesting that dcr-1 is repressed in nasp-1 mutants, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Consistent with this, the nasp-1 mutant exhibits RNA interference (RNAi) deficiency and reduced longevity similar to those of a dcr-1 mutant. Building on these surprising findings, we further explored a potential role for dcr-1 in C. elegans innate immunity. We show that dcr-1 mutant alleles deficient in microRNA (miRNA) processing, but not those deficient only in RNAi, are resistant to B. thuringiensis DB27. Furthermore, dcr-1 overexpression rescues the nasp-1 mutant's resistance, suggesting that repression of dcr-1 determines the nasp-1 mutant's resistance. Additionally, we identified the collagen-encoding gene col-92 as one of the downstream effectors of nasp-1 that play an important role in resistance to DB27. Taken together, these results uncover a previously unknown role for DCR-1/Dicer in C. elegans antibacterial immunity that is largely associated with miRNA processing.
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Wu J, Zhang XJ, Shi KQ, Chen YP, Ren YF, Song YJ, Li G, Xue YF, Fang YX, Deng ZJ, Xu X, Gao J, Tang KF. Hepatitis B surface antigen inhibits MICA and MICB expression via induction of cellular miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:155-63. [PMID: 23917076 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and HBsAg-transgenic mice have been reported to spontaneously develop HCC. The major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) are NKG2D ligands that play important roles in tumor immune surveillance. In the present study, we found that HBsAg overexpression in HepG2 cells led to upregulation of 133 and downregulation of 9 microRNAs (miRNAs). Interestingly, several HBsAg-induced miRNAs repressed the expression of MICA and MICB via targeting their 3'-untranslated regions. In addition, the expression of MICA and MICB was significantly reduced upon HBsAg overexpression, which was partially restored by inhibiting the activities of HBsAg-induced miRNAs. Moreover, HBsAg-overexpressing HCC cells exhibited reduced sensitivity to natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis. Taken together, our data suggest that HBsAg supresses the expression of MICA and MICB via induction of cellular miRNAs, thereby preventing NKG2D-mediated elimination of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, P.R. China
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Zhang B, Chen H, Zhang L, Dakhova O, Zhang Y, Lewis MT, Creighton CJ, Ittmann MM, Xin L. A dosage-dependent pleiotropic role of Dicer in prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3099-108. [PMID: 23851498 PMCID: PMC3916938 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dicer is as an RNase III enzyme essential for the maturation of the majority of microRNAs. Recent studies have revealed down-regulation or hemizygous loss of Dicer in many tumor models and demonstrated that suppressing Dicer activity enhances tumorigenic activities of lung and breast cancer cells, which support Dicer as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in these cancer models. Surprisingly, we found that knocking down Dicer expression suppresses the growth and tumorigenic capacity of human prostate cancer cell lines, but enhances migratory capacities of some prostate cancer cell lines. Dicer is up-regulated in human prostate cancer specimens, but lower Dicer expression portends a shorter time to recurrence. Complete ablation of Dicer activity in a Pten null mouse model for prostate cancer significantly halts tumor growth and progression, demonstrating that microRNAs play a critical role in maintaining cancer cell fitness. In comparison, hemizygous loss of Dicer in the same model also reduces primary tumor burden, but induces a more locally invasive phenotype and causes seminal vesicle obstruction at high penetrance. Disrupting Dicer activity leads to an increase in apoptosis and senescence in these models, presumably through up-regulation of P16/INK4a and P27/Kip1. Collectively, these results highlight a pleotropic role of Dicer in tumorigenesis that is not only dosage-dependent but also tissue context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - O Dakhova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M T Lewis
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - M M Ittmann
- 1] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Xin
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [3] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Decreased dicer expression enhances SRP-mediated protein targeting. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56950. [PMID: 23468895 PMCID: PMC3585229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that Dicer processes 7SL RNA into different fragments ranging from ∼20 to more than 200 nucleotides. Here we addressed the molecular functions of these 7SL RNA fragments and found that some of them functioned as dominant-negative regulators of the full-length 7SL RNA, interfering with signal recognition particle (SRP) complex formation. Transfection of these 7SL RNA fragments inhibited the expression of cell surface glycoproteins, the targeting of a reporter protein to the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretion of secreted alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that some Dicer-processed 7SL RNA fragments interfered with SRP-mediated protein targeting. Moreover, we showed that Dicer knockdown enhanced SRP-mediated protein targeting and that transfection of a mixture of the 7SL RNA fragments partially restored this effect. Our data indicate that Dicer can fine-tune the efficiency of SRP-mediated protein targeting via processing a proportion of 7SL RNA into fragments of different lengths.
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Tang KF, Ren H. The role of dicer in DNA damage repair. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16769-78. [PMID: 23222681 PMCID: PMC3546719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicer is the key component of the RNA interference pathway. Our group and others have reported that knockdown or knockout of Dicer leads to DNA damage in mammalian cells. Two groups recently showed that efficiency of DNA damage repair was greatly reduced in Dicer-deficient cells and that Dicer-dependent small RNAs (~21 nucleotides) produced from the sequences in the vicinity of DNA double-strand break sites were essential for DNA damage repair. Moreover, accumulating data have suggested that miroRNAs play pivotal roles in DNA damage repair. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which loss of Dicer leads to DNA damage, as well as the role of Dicer in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fu Tang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.-F.T.); (H.R.); Tel.: +86-577-8883-1271 (K.-F.T.); +86-236-369-3029 (H.R.); Fax: +86-577-8883-1359 (K.-F.T.); +86-236-370-3790 (H.R.)
| | - Hong Ren
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (K.-F.T.); (H.R.); Tel.: +86-577-8883-1271 (K.-F.T.); +86-236-369-3029 (H.R.); Fax: +86-577-8883-1359 (K.-F.T.); +86-236-370-3790 (H.R.)
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Chang L, Hu W, Ye C, Yao B, Song L, Wu X, Ding N, Wang J, Zhou G. miR-3928 activates ATR pathway by targeting Dicer. RNA Biol 2012; 9:1247-54. [PMID: 22922797 DOI: 10.4161/rna.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been observed in cells subjected to exogenous stresses, implying that miRNAs play an important role in cellular stress response; however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. In the present study, we found that miR-3928 was implicated in cellular response to ionizing radiation. After exposed to X-rays, miR-3928 expression increased in 1.5 h and then decreased, meanwhile Dicer, a key component in the miRNA processing machinery, increased gradually. An oscillation was observed in the expression of both mature miR-3928 and Dicer mRNA from 2 h to 3.5 h in irradiated cells. Then, we verified that miR-3928 directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of Dicer mRNA. Consequently, Dicer expression was suppressed and the maturation of other miRNAs including miR-185, miR-300, and miR-663, was inhibited. Overexpression of miR-3928 induced DNA damage, activated ATR, and phosphorylated Chk1 accompanied by G1 arrest. Taken together, these findings replenished ATR/Chk1 pathway by revealing a novel miRNA regulatory network in response to exogenous stress, in which miR-3928 plays an important role in regulating the expression of Dicer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
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Wang X, Zhao J, Huang J, Tang H, Yu S, Chen Y. The regulatory roles of miRNA and methylation on oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:51-7. [PMID: 22820191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is driven by an accumulation of mutations and genetic lesions, which leads to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of these genes was regulated in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of microRNA and methylation on the expression of k-ras, TP53 and PTEN genes in pancreatic cancer cells. The protein and miRNA levels were measured by Western blotting and Northern blotting, respectively. Xenograft pancreatic tumor models were established by inoculating BxPC-1, Capan-2, and Panc-1 tumor cells into athymic nu/nu mice. A disparate level of KRAS, p53, PTEN, Dnmts, and Dicer 1 proteins as well as let-7i, miR-22, miR-143, and miR-29b miRNA was observed in BxPC-1, Capan-2, and Panc-1 cells. Knockdown of Dicer 1 expression in BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cells resulted in significant increases in KRAS, p53, PTEN, and Dnmts protein levels and significant decreases in miR-22, miR-143, let-7i, and miR-29b expression. Knockdown of Dicer 1 expression in Capan-2 cells significantly increased p53 and PTEN expression, while significantly decreased miR-22 and miR-143 expression, but had no effects on PTEN, Dnmts, let-7i, and miR-29b expression. Knockdown of Dicer 1 expression significantly inhibited xenograft BxPC-3 tumor growth, but promoted xenograft Panc-1 tumor growth. In contrast, knockdown of Dicer 1 expression had no effect on xenograft Capan-2 tumor growth. Our study suggested that different pancreatic cancer cell lines exhibited obvious discrepancies in gene expression profiles, implying that different molecular mechanisms are involved in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer subclasses. Our study highlighted the importance of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
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Ren YF, Li G, Wu J, Xue YF, Song YJ, Lv L, Zhang XJ, Tang KF. Dicer-dependent biogenesis of small RNAs derived from 7SL RNA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40705. [PMID: 22808238 PMCID: PMC3395682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that decreased Dicer expression leads to Alu RNAs accumulation in human retinal pigmented epithelium cells, and Dicer may process the endogenous SINE/B1 RNAs (the rodent equivalent of the primate Alu RNAs) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In this study, we aimed to address whether Dicer can process Alu RNAs and their common ancestor, 7SL RNA. Using Solexa sequencing technology, we showed that Alu-derived small RNAs accounted for 0.6% of the total cellular small RNAs in HepG2.2.15 cells, and the abundance decreased when Dicer was knocked down. However, Alu-derived small RNAs showed different characteristics from miRNAs and siRNAs, the classic Dicer-processed products. Interestingly, we found that small RNAs derived from 7SL RNA accounted for 3.1% of the total cellular small RNAs in the control cells, and the abundance dropped about 3.4 folds in Dicer knockdown cells. Dicer-dependent biogenesis of 7SL RNA-derived small RNAs was validated by northern blotting. In vitro cleavage assay using the recombinant human Dicer protein also showed that synthetic 7SL RNA was processed by Dicer into fragments of different lengths. Further functional analysis suggested that 7SL RNA-derived small RNAs do not function like miRNAs, neither do they regulate the expression of 7SL RNA. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that Dicer can process 7SL RNA, however, the biological significance remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Ren
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Prostate Cancer and Immunoproteome: Awakening and Reprogramming the Guardian Angels. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60:191-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bae JH, Kim SJ, Kim MJ, Oh SO, Chung JS, Kim SH, Kang CD. Susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated lysis of colon cancer cells is enhanced by treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors through UL16-binding protein-1 induction. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:7-16. [PMID: 21951556 PMCID: PMC11164140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways by treatment with quercetin induced the expression of natural killer cell group 2D (NKG2D) ligands on cancer cells and made the cells sensitive to natural killer (NK)-cell mediated cytotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors could induce the expression of NKG2D ligands in colon cancer cells. Treatment with EGFR inhibitors predominantly increased the levels of mRNA transcripts and surface protein of UL16-binding protein-1 (ULBP1) in various colon cancer cells, including KM12, Caco-2, HCT-15, and HT-29, which express EGFR, and increased susceptibility of these colon cancer cells to NK-92 cells. The expression of ULBP1 was not induced by inhibitors of nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and MAPK, but was induced by inhibitors of PKC, and the induction of ULBP1 expression with EGFR inhibitors was prevented by treatment with PMA in colon cancer cells. A transcription factor, activator protein-2 alpha (AP-2α), which has a suppressive effect on ULBP1 transcription, was prevented from binding to the ULBP1 promoter by treatment with EGFR inhibitors. The present study suggests that EGFR inhibitors can enhance the susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis of colon cancer cells by induction of ULBP1 via inhibition of the PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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