1
|
Dharan R, Sorkin R. Tetraspanin proteins in membrane remodeling processes. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261532. [PMID: 39051897 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling is a fundamental cellular process that is crucial for physiological functions such as signaling, membrane fusion and cell migration. Tetraspanins (TSPANs) are transmembrane proteins of central importance to membrane remodeling events. During these events, TSPANs are known to interact with themselves and other proteins and lipids; however, their mechanism of action in controlling membrane dynamics is not fully understood. Since these proteins span the membrane, membrane properties such as rigidity, curvature and tension can influence their behavior. In this Review, we summarize recent studies that explore the roles of TSPANs in membrane remodeling processes and highlight the unique structural features of TSPANs that mediate their interactions and localization. Further, we emphasize the influence of membrane curvature on TSPAN distribution and membrane domain formation and describe how these behaviors affect cellular functions. This Review provides a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted function of TSPANs in membrane remodeling processes and can help readers to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern cellular membrane dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raviv Dharan
- School of Chemistry , Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry , Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmidt SC, Massenberg A, Homsi Y, Sons D, Lang T. Microscopic clusters feature the composition of biochemical tetraspanin-assemblies and constitute building-blocks of tetraspanin enriched domains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2093. [PMID: 38267610 PMCID: PMC10808221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochemical approaches revealed that tetraspanins are multi-regulatory proteins forming a web, where they act in tetraspanin-enriched-microdomains (TEMs). A microscopic criterion differentiating between web and TEMs is lacking. Using super-resolution microcopy, we identify co-assemblies between the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 and CD151 and CD81. CD9 assemblies contain as well the CD9/CD81-interaction partner EWI-2. Moreover, CD9 clusters are proximal to clusters of the CD81-interaction partner CD44 and CD81-/EWI-2-interacting ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins. Assemblies scatter unorganized across the cell membrane; yet, upon EWI-2 elevation, they agglomerate into densely packed arranged-crowds in a process independent from actin dynamics. In conclusion, microscopic clusters are equivalent to biochemical tetraspanin-assemblies, defining in their entirety the tetraspanin web. Cluster-agglomeration enriches tetraspanins, which makes agglomerations to a microscopic complement of TEMs. The microscopic classification of tetraspanin assemblies advances our understanding of this enigmatic protein family, whose members play roles in a plethora of cellular functions, diseases, and pathogen infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Schmidt
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Massenberg
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yahya Homsi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Sons
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leinung N, Mentrup T, Patel M, Gallagher T, Schröder B. Dynamic association of the intramembrane proteases SPPL2a/b and their substrates with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. iScience 2023; 26:107819. [PMID: 37736044 PMCID: PMC10509304 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2a and b (SPPL2a/b) are aspartyl intramembrane proteases and cleave tail-anchored proteins as well as N-terminal fragments (NTFs) derived from type II-oriented transmembrane proteins. How these proteases recruit substrates and cleavage is regulated, is still incompletely understood. We found that SPPL2a/b localize to detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) domains with the characteristics of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Based on this, association with several tetraspanins was evaluated. We demonstrate that not only SPPL2a/b but also their substrates tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and CD74 associate with tetraspanins like CD9, CD81, and CD82 and/or TEMs and analyze the stability of these complexes in different detergents. CD9 and CD81 deficiency has protease- and substrate-selective effects on SPPL2a/b function. Our findings suggest that reciprocal interactions with tetraspanins may assist protease-substrate encounters of SPPL2a/b within the membrane. Beyond SPP/SPPL proteases, this supports previous concepts that tetraspanins facilitate membrane-embedded proteolytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Leinung
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehul Patel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Y, Saint-Pol J, Nguyen V, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Greco C. The Tetraspanin Tspan8 Associates with Endothelin Converting Enzyme ECE1 and Regulates Its Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4751. [PMID: 37835445 PMCID: PMC10571763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tspan8 is a member of the tetraspanins family of cell surface molecules. The ability of tetraspanins to organize membrane microdomains with other membrane molecules and interfere with their function suggests that they could act as surface integrators of external or internal signals. Among the first identified tetraspanins, Tspan8 promotes tumor progression and metastasis, presumably by stimulating angiogenesis and cell motility. In patients, its expression on digestive tract tumors seems to be associated with a bad prognosis. We showed previously that Tspan8 associates with E-cadherin and EGFR and modulates their effects on cell motility. Using Mass spectrometry and western blot, we found a new partner, the endothelin converting enzyme ECE1, and showed that Tspan8 amplifies its activity of conversion of the endothelin-1 precursor bigET1 to endothelin. This was observed by transduction of the colon carcinoma cell line Isreco1, which does not express Tspan8, and on ileum tissue fragments of tspan8ko mice versus wild type mice. Given these results, Tspan8 appears to be a modulator of the endothelin axis, which could possibly be targeted in case of over-activity of endothelins in biological processes of tissues expressing Tspan8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- UMR-S 1004, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (E.R.)
- Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Julien Saint-Pol
- UMR-S 1004, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (E.R.)
- Université Artois, UR 2465, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (LBHE), 62300 Lens, France
| | - Viet Nguyen
- Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Plateforme Spectrométrie de Masse, Laboratoire Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75610 Paris, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- UMR-S 1004, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (E.R.)
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CIMI-Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- UMR-S 1197, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Greco
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75610 Paris, France
- U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zalejski J, Sun J, Sharma A. Unravelling the Mystery inside Cells by Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging. J Imaging 2023; 9:192. [PMID: 37754956 PMCID: PMC10532472 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9090192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-cell imaging is a powerful technique to study the dynamics and mechanics of various biological molecules like proteins, organelles, DNA, and RNA. With the rapid evolution of optical microscopy, our understanding of how these molecules are implicated in the cells' most critical physiological roles deepens. In this review, we focus on how spatiotemporal nanoscale live-cell imaging at the single molecule level allows for profound contributions towards new discoveries in life science. This review will start by summarizing how single-molecule tracking has been used to analyze membrane dynamics, receptor-ligand interactions, protein-protein interactions, inner- and extra-cellular transport, gene expression/transcription, and whole organelle tracking. We then move on to how current authors are trying to improve single-molecule tracking and overcome current limitations by offering new ways of labeling proteins of interest, multi-channel/color detection, improvements in time-lapse imaging, and new methods and programs to analyze the colocalization and movement of targets. We later discuss how single-molecule tracking can be a beneficial tool used for medical diagnosis. Finally, we wrap up with the limitations and future perspectives of single-molecule tracking and total internal reflection microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (J.Z.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suwatthanarak T, Ito K, Tanaka M, Sugiura K, Hoshino A, Miyamoto Y, Miyado K, Okochi M. A peptide binding to the tetraspanin CD9 reduces cancer metastasis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213283. [PMID: 36640525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As an organizer of multi-molecular membrane complexes, the tetraspanin CD9 has been implicated in a number of biological processes, including cancer metastasis, and is a candidate therapeutic target. Here, we evaluated the suppressive effects of an eight-mer CD9-binding peptide (CD9-BP) on cancer cell metastasis and its mechanisms of action. CD9-BP impaired CD9-related functions by adversely affecting the formation of tetraspanin webs-networks composed of CD9 and its partner proteins. The anti-cancer metastasis effect of CD9-BP was evidenced by the in vitro inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion as well as exosome secretion and uptake, which are essential processes during metastasis. Finally, using a mouse model, we showed that CD9-BP reduced lung metastasis in vivo. These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which CD9-BP inhibits CD9-dependent functions and highlight its potential application as an alternative therapeutic nano-biomaterial for metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Suwatthanarak
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Siriraj Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kazuma Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sugiura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tetraspanin 8 Subfamily Members Regulate Substrate-Specificity of a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172683. [PMID: 36078095 PMCID: PMC9454446 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding is an irreversible process to regulate inter- and intracellular signaling. Members of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family are major mediators of ectodomain shedding. ADAM17 is involved in the processing of multiple substrates including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and EGF receptor ligands. Substrates of ADAM17 are selectively processed depending on stimulus and cellular context. However, it still remains largely elusive how substrate selectivity of ADAM17 is regulated. Tetraspanins (Tspan) are multi-membrane-passing proteins that are involved in the organization of plasma membrane micro-domains and diverse biological processes. Closely related members of the Tspan8 subfamily, including CD9, CD81 and Tspan8, are associated with cancer and metastasis. Here, we show that Tspan8 subfamily members use different strategies to regulate ADAM17 substrate selectivity. We demonstrate that in particular Tspan8 associates with both ADAM17 and TNF α and promotes ADAM17-mediated TNF α release through recruitment of ADAM17 into Tspan-enriched micro-domains. Yet, processing of other ADAM17 substrates is not altered by Tspan8. We, therefore, propose that Tspan8 contributes to tumorigenesis through enhanced ADAM17-mediated TNF α release and a resulting increase in tissue inflammation.
Collapse
|
8
|
McNamara RP, Zhou Y, Eason AB, Landis JT, Chambers MG, Willcox S, Peterson TA, Schouest B, Maness NJ, MacLean AG, Costantini LM, Griffith JD, Dittmer DP. Imaging of surface microdomains on individual extracellular vesicles in 3-D. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12191. [PMID: 35234354 PMCID: PMC8888793 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all cell types and are intimately involved in tissue homeostasis. They are being explored as vaccine and gene therapy platforms, as well as potential biomarkers. As their size is below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, direct visualizations have been daunting and single-particle studies under physiological conditions have been hampered. Here, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) was employed to visualize EVs in three-dimensions and to localize molecule clusters such as the tetraspanins CD81 and CD9 on the surface of individual EVs. These studies demonstrate the existence of membrane microdomains on EVs. These were confirmed by Cryo-EM. Individual particle visualization provided insights into the heterogeneity, structure, and complexity of EVs not previously appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McNamara
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anthony B. Eason
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Justin T. Landis
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Meredith G. Chambers
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Smaranda Willcox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tiffany A. Peterson
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Blake Schouest
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Andrew G. MacLean
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Lindsey M. Costantini
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jack D. Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dirk Peter Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Y, Yu L. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains: The building blocks of migrasomes. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100003. [PMID: 37192987 PMCID: PMC10120322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The migrasome is a newly discovered organelle of migrating cells. Migrasomes play diverse physiological roles including mitochondrial quality control, lateral transfer of material between cells, and delivery of signaling molecules to spatially defined locations. The formation of migrasomes is dependent on tetraspanins, a group of membrane proteins containing four transmembrane domains, which form membrane microdomains named tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms for migrasome biogenesis, with a focus on the role of TEMs and the organizing principles underlying the formation of TEMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
CD82 and Gangliosides Tune CD81 Membrane Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168459. [PMID: 34445169 PMCID: PMC8395132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form a network of protein–protein interactions within the plasma membrane. Within this network, tetraspanin are thought to control the lateral segregation of their partners at the plasma membrane through mechanisms involving specific lipids. Here, we used a single molecule tracking approach to study the membrane behavior of tetraspanins in mammary epithelial cells and demonstrate that despite a common overall behavior, each tetraspanin (CD9, CD81 and CD82) has a specific signature in terms of dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tetraspanin dynamics on the cell surface are dependent on gangliosides. More specifically, we found that CD82 expression increases the dynamics of CD81 and alters its localization at the plasma membrane, this has no effect on the behavior of CD9. Our results provide new information on the ability of CD82 and gangliosides to differentially modulate the dynamics and organization of tetraspanins at the plasma membrane and highlight that its lipid and protein composition is involved in the dynamical architecture of the tetraspanin web. We predict that CD82 may act as a regulator of the lateral segregation of specific tetraspanins at the plasma membrane while gangliosides could play a crucial role in establishing tetraspanin-enriched areas.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang Y, Li J, Du W, Li S, Li Y, Qu H, Xv J, Yu L, Zhu R, Wang H. Nuclear translocation of the 4-pass transmembrane protein Tspan8. Cell Res 2021; 31:1218-1221. [PMID: 34099887 PMCID: PMC8563794 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Xv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van Deventer S, Arp AB, van Spriel AB. Dynamic Plasma Membrane Organization: A Complex Symphony. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:119-129. [PMID: 33248874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein organization is essential for proper cellular functioning and the result of a dynamic exchange between protein monomers, nanoscale protein clusters, and microscale higher-order structures. This exchange is affected by both lipid bilayer intrinsic factors, such as lipid rafts and tetraspanins, and extrinsic factors, such as cortical actin and galectins. Because membrane organizers act jointly like instruments in a symphony, it is challenging to define the 'key' organizers. Here, we posit, for the first time, definitions of key intrinsic and extrinsic membrane organizers. Tetraspanin nanodomains are key organizers that are often overlooked. We discuss how different key organizers can collaborate, which is important to get a full grasp of plasma membrane biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd van Deventer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abbey B Arp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Resolving the data asynchronicity in high-speed atomic force microscopy measurement via the Kalman Smoother. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18393. [PMID: 33110182 PMCID: PMC7592071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a scanning probe microscopy that can capture structural dynamics of biomolecules in real time at single molecule level near physiological condition. Albeit much improvement, while scanning one frame of HS-AFM movies, biomolecules often change their conformations largely. Thus, the obtained frame images can be hampered by the time-difference, the asynchronicity, in the data acquisition. Here, to resolve this data asynchronicity in the HS-AFM movie, we developed Kalman filter and smoother methods, some of the sequential Bayesian filtering approaches. The Kalman filter/smoother methods use alternative steps of a short time-propagation by a linear dynamical system and a correction by the likelihood of AFM data acquired pixel by pixel. We first tested the method using a toy model of a diffusing cone, showing that the Kalman smoother method outperforms to reproduce the ground-truth movie. We then applied the Kalman smoother to a synthetic movie for conformational change dynamics of a motor protein, i.e., dynein, confirming the superiority of the Kalman smoother. Finally, we applied the Kalman smoother to two real HS-AFM movies, FlhAC and centralspindlin, reducing distortion and noise in the AFM movies. The method is general and can be applied to any HS-AFM movies.
Collapse
|
14
|
TSPAN5 Enriched Microdomains Provide a Platform for Dendritic Spine Maturation through Neuroligin-1 Clustering. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1130-1146.e8. [PMID: 31665629 PMCID: PMC6899445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a class of evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins with 33 members identified in mammals that have the ability to organize specific membrane domains, named tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Despite the relative abundance of different tetraspanins in the CNS, few studies have explored their role at synapses. Here, we investigate the function of TSPAN5, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily for which mRNA transcripts are found at high levels in the mouse brain. We demonstrate that TSPAN5 is localized in dendritic spines of pyramidal excitatory neurons and that TSPAN5 knockdown induces a dramatic decrease in spine number because of defects in the spine maturation process. Moreover, we show that TSPAN5 interacts with the postsynaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-1, promoting its correct surface clustering. We propose that membrane compartmentalization by tetraspanins represents an additional mechanism for regulating excitatory synapses. TSPAN5 is expressed in pyramidal neurons and localizes mainly to dendritic spines TSPAN5 interacts with neuroligin-1 and promotes its clustering TSPAN5-neuroligin-1 complex is fundamental for dendritic spine maturation
Collapse
|
15
|
Inoue N, Saito T, Wada I. Unveiling a novel function of CD9 in surface compartmentalization of oocytes. Development 2020; 147:dev.189985. [PMID: 32665248 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gamete fusion is an indispensable process for bearing offspring. In mammals, sperm IZUMO1-oocyte JUNO recognition essentially carries out the primary step of this process. In oocytes, CD9 is also known to play a crucial role in gamete fusion. In particular, microvilli biogenesis through CD9 involvement appears to be a key event for successful gamete fusion, because CD9-disrupted oocytes produce short and sparse microvillous structures, resulting in almost no fusion ability with spermatozoa. In order to determine how CD9 and JUNO cooperate in gamete fusion, we analyzed the molecular profiles of each molecule in CD9- and JUNO-disrupted oocytes. Consequently, we found that CD9 is crucial for the exclusion of GPI-anchored proteins, such as JUNO and CD55, from the cortical actin cap region, suggesting strict molecular organization of the unique surface of this region. Through distinct surface compartmentalization due to CD9 governing, GPI-anchored proteins are confined to the appropriate fusion site of the oocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Inoue
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takako Saito
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bourges AC, Lazarev A, Declerck N, Rogers KL, Royer CA. Quantitative High-Resolution Imaging of Live Microbial Cells at High Hydrostatic Pressure. Biophys J 2020; 118:2670-2679. [PMID: 32402241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the Earth's microbial biomass exists in the deep biosphere, in the deep ocean, and within the Earth's crust. Although other physical parameters in these environments, such as temperature or pH, can differ substantially, they are all under high pressures. Beyond emerging genomic information, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of these organisms to survive and grow at pressures that can reach over 1000-fold the pressure on the Earth's surface. The mechanisms of pressure adaptation are also important in food safety, with the increasing use of high-pressure food processing. Advanced imaging represents an important tool for exploring microbial adaptation and response to environmental changes. Here, we describe implementation of a high-pressure sample chamber with a two-photon scanning microscope system, allowing for the first time, to our knowledge, quantitative high-resolution two-photon imaging at 100 MPa of living microbes from all three kingdoms of life. We adapted this setup for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy with phasor analysis (FLIM/Phasor) and investigated metabolic responses to pressure of live cells from mesophilic yeast and bacterial strains, as well as the piezophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. We also monitored by fluorescence intensity fluctuation-based methods (scanning number and brightness and raster scanning imaging correlation spectroscopy) the effect of pressure on the chromosome-associated protein HU and on the ParB partition protein in Escherichia coli, revealing partially reversible dissociation of ParB foci and concomitant nucleoid condensation. These results provide a proof of principle that quantitative, high-resolution imaging of live microbial cells can be carried out at pressures equivalent to those in the deepest ocean trenches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anais C Bourges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Centre de Biochimie Structrurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INRAE, MICA Department, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nathalie Declerck
- Centre de Biochimie Structrurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INRAE, MICA Department, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Karyn L Rogers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Catherine A Royer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neviani V, van Deventer S, Wörner TP, Xenaki KT, van de Waterbeemd M, Rodenburg RNP, Wortel IMN, Kuiper JK, Huisman S, Granneman J, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Heck AJR, van Spriel AB, Gros P. Site-specific functionality and tryptophan mimicry of lipidation in tetraspanin CD9. FEBS J 2020; 287:5323-5344. [PMID: 32181977 PMCID: PMC7818406 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation of transmembrane proteins regulates many cellular activities, including signal transduction, cell–cell communication, and membrane trafficking. However, how lipidation at different sites in a membrane protein affects structure and function remains elusive. Here, using native mass spectrometry we determined that wild‐type human tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 exhibit nonstochastic distributions of bound acyl chains. We revealed CD9 lipidation at its three most frequent lipidated sites suffices for EWI‐F binding, while cysteine‐to‐alanine CD9 mutations markedly reduced binding of EWI‐F. EWI‐F binding by CD9 was rescued by mutating all or, albeit to a lesser extent, only the three most frequently lipidated sites into tryptophans. These mutations did not affect the nanoscale distribution of CD9 in cell membranes, as shown by super‐resolution microscopy using a CD9‐specific nanobody. Thus, these data demonstrate site‐specific, possibly conformation‐dependent, functionality of lipidation in tetraspanin CD9 and identify tryptophan mimicry as a possible biochemical approach to study site‐specific transmembrane‐protein lipidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Neviani
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Deventer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias P Wörner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Katerina T Xenaki
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van de Waterbeemd
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Remco N P Rodenburg
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M N Wortel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen K Kuiper
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Huisman
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Granneman
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leidal AM, Debnath J. Unraveling the mechanisms that specify molecules for secretion in extracellular vesicles. Methods 2020; 177:15-26. [PMID: 31978536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound organelles naturally released from cells and potentially function as vehicles of intercellular communication. Cells release numerous sub-species of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, which are formed via distinct cellular pathways and molecular machineries and contain specific proteins, RNAs and lipids. Accumulating evidence indicates that the repertoire of molecules packaged into EVs is shaped by both the physiological state of the cell and the EV biogenesis pathway involved. Although these observations intimate that precisely regulated pathways sort molecules into EVs, the underlying molecular mechanisms that direct molecules for secretion remain poorly defined. Recently, with the advancement of mass spectrometry, next-generation sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools, several mechanisms contributing to EV cargo selection are beginning to be unraveled. This review examines strategies employed to reveal how specific proteins, RNAs and lipids are directed for secretion via EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Leidal
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xing J, Li X, Wang X, Lv X, Wang L, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Shen Q, Baluška F, Šamaj J, Lin J. Secretion of Phospholipase Dδ Functions as a Regulatory Mechanism in Plant Innate Immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:3015-3032. [PMID: 31597687 PMCID: PMC6925013 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase Ds (PLDs), essential regulators of phospholipid signaling, function in multiple signal transduction cascades; however, the mechanisms regulating PLDs in response to pathogens remain unclear. Here, we found that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PLDδ accumulated in cells at the entry sites of the barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single-molecule analysis, we observed higher PLDδ density in the plasma membrane after chitin treatment; PLDδ also underwent rapid exocytosis. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy showed that the interaction between PLDδ and the microdomain marker AtREMORIN1.3 (AtREM1.3) increased in response to chitin, indicating that exocytosis facilitates rapid, efficient sorting of PLDδ into microdomains upon pathogen stimulus. We further unveiled a trade-off between brefeldin A (BFA)-resistant and -sensitive pathways in secretion of PLDδ under diverse conditions. Upon pathogen attack, PLDδ secretion involved syntaxin-associated VAMP721/722-mediated exocytosis sensitive to BFA. Analysis of phosphatidic acid (PA), hydrogen peroxide, and jasmonic acid (JA) levels and expression of related genes indicated that the relocalization of PLDδ is crucial for its activation to produce PA and initiate reactive oxygen species and JA signaling pathways. Together, our findings revealed that the translocation of PLDδ to papillae is modulated by exocytosis, thus triggering PA-mediated signaling in plant innate immunity.plantcell;31/12/3015/FX1F1fx1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xing
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 457004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 457004, China
| | - Qianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Centre for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc 78301, Czech Republic
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goiko M, de Bruyn JR, Heit B. Membrane Diffusion Occurs by Continuous-Time Random Walk Sustained by Vesicular Trafficking. Biophys J 2019; 114:2887-2899. [PMID: 29925025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion in cellular membranes is regulated by processes that occur over a range of spatial and temporal scales. These processes include membrane fluidity, interprotein and interlipid interactions, interactions with membrane microdomains, interactions with the underlying cytoskeleton, and cellular processes that result in net membrane movement. The complex, non-Brownian diffusion that results from these processes has been difficult to characterize, and moreover, the impact of factors such as membrane recycling on membrane diffusion remains largely unexplored. We have used a careful statistical analysis of single-particle tracking data of the single-pass plasma membrane protein CD93 to show that the diffusion of this protein is well described by a continuous-time random walk in parallel with an aging process mediated by membrane corrals. The overall result is an evolution in the diffusion of CD93: proteins initially diffuse freely on the cell surface but over time become increasingly trapped within diffusion-limiting membrane corrals. Stable populations of freely diffusing and corralled CD93 are maintained by an endocytic/exocytic process in which corralled CD93 is selectively endocytosed, whereas freely diffusing CD93 is replenished by exocytosis of newly synthesized and recycled CD93. This trafficking not only maintained CD93 diffusivity but also maintained the heterogeneous distribution of CD93 in the plasma membrane. These results provide insight into the nature of the biological and biophysical processes that can lead to significantly non-Brownian diffusion of membrane proteins and demonstrate that ongoing membrane recycling is critical to maintaining steady-state diffusion and distribution of proteins in the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Goiko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R de Bruyn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Streetley J, Fonseca AV, Turner J, Kiskin NI, Knipe L, Rosenthal PB, Carter T. Stimulated release of intraluminal vesicles from Weibel-Palade bodies. Blood 2019; 133:2707-2717. [PMID: 30760452 PMCID: PMC6624784 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-874552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are secretory granules that contain von Willebrand factor and P-selectin, molecules that regulate hemostasis and inflammation, respectively. The presence of CD63/LAMP3 in the limiting membrane of WPBs has led to their classification as lysosome-related organelles. Many lysosome-related organelles contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) enriched in CD63 that are secreted into the extracellular environment during cell activation to mediate intercellular communication. To date, there are no reports that WPBs contain or release ILVs. By light microscopy and live-cell imaging, we show that CD63 is enriched in microdomains within WPBs. Extracellular antibody recycling studies showed that CD63 in WPB microdomains can originate from the plasma membrane. By cryo-electron tomography of frozen-hydrated endothelial cells, we identify internal vesicles as novel structural features of the WPB lumen. By live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we directly observe the exocytotic release of EGFP-CD63 ILVs as discrete particles from individual WPBs. WPB exocytosis provides a novel route for release of ILVs during endothelial cell stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Streetley
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Violeta Fonseca
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Turner
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nikolai I Kiskin
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Knipe
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Rosenthal
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom Carter
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mikuličić S, Finke J, Boukhallouk F, Wüstenhagen E, Sons D, Homsi Y, Reiss K, Lang T, Florin L. ADAM17-dependent signaling is required for oncogenic human papillomavirus entry platform assembly. eLife 2019; 8:44345. [PMID: 31107240 PMCID: PMC6557631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small DNA viruses that infect keratinocytes. After HPV binding to cell surface receptors, a cascade of molecular interactions mediates the infectious cellular internalization of virus particles. Aside from the virus itself, important molecular players involved in virus entry include the tetraspanin CD151 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To date, it is unknown how these components are coordinated in space and time. Here, we studied plasma membrane dynamics of CD151 and EGFR and the HPV16 capsid during the early phase of infection. We find that the proteinase ADAM17 activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathway by the shedding of growth factors which triggers the formation of an endocytic entry platform. Infectious endocytic entry platforms carrying virus particles consist of two-fold larger CD151 domains containing the EGFR. Our finding clearly dissects initial virus binding from ADAM17-dependent assembly of a HPV/CD151/EGFR entry platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jérôme Finke
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fatima Boukhallouk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Wüstenhagen
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Sons
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yahya Homsi
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Padda RS, Deng FK, Brett SI, Biggs CN, Durfee PN, Brinker CJ, Williams KC, Leong HS. Nanoscale flow cytometry to distinguish subpopulations of prostate extracellular vesicles in patient plasma. Prostate 2019; 79:592-603. [PMID: 30680751 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if prostate-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in patient plasma samples are of exocytotic origin (exosomes) or released by the cell membrane (microparticles/microvesicles). Both malignant and normal prostate cells release two types of EVs into the circulation, exosomes, and microparticles/microvesicles which differ in size, origin, and mode of release. Determining what proportion of prostate-derived EVs are of exosomal versus microparticle/microvesicle EV subtype is of potential diagnostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-parametric analytical platforms such as nanoscale flow cytometry (nFC) were used to analyze prostate derived extracellular vesicles. Plasmas from prostate cancer (PCa) patient plasmas representing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), low grade prostate cancer (Gleason Score 3 + 3) and high grade prostate cancer (Gleason Score ≥4 + 4) were analyzed for various exosome markers (CD9, CD63, CD81) and a prostate specific tissue marker (prostate specific membrane antigen/PSMA). RESULTS By using nanoscale flow cytometry, we determine that prostate derived EVs are primarily of cell membrane origin, microparticles/microvesicles, and not all PSMA expressing EVs co-express exosomal markers such as CD9, CD63, and CD81. CD9 was the most abundant exosomal marker on prostate derived EVs (12-19%). There was no trend observed in terms of more PSMA + CD9 or PSMA + CD63 co-expressing EVs versus increasing grade of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The majority of prostate derived EVs present in plasmas are from the cell membrane as evidenced by their size and most importantly, lack of co-expression of exosomal markers such as CD9/CD63/CD81. In fact, CD81 was not present on any prostate derived EVs in patient plasmas whereas CD9 was present on a minority of prostate derived EVs. The addition of an exosomal marker for detection of prostate-derived EVs does not provide greater clarity in distinguishing EVs released by the prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit S Padda
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Florence K Deng
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Sabine I Brett
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | | | - Paul N Durfee
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Karla C Williams
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
| | - Hon S Leong
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dahmane S, Doucet C, Le Gall A, Chamontin C, Dosset P, Murcy F, Fernandez L, Salas D, Rubinstein E, Mougel M, Nollmann M, Milhiet PE. Nanoscale organization of tetraspanins during HIV-1 budding by correlative dSTORM/AFM. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6036-6044. [PMID: 30869094 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane partition and remodeling play a key role in numerous cell mechanisms, especially in viral replication cycles where viruses subvert the plasma membrane to enter and escape from the host cell. Specifically assembly and release of HIV-1 particles require specific cellular components, which are recruited to the egress site by the viral protein Gag. We previously demonstrated that HIV-1 assembly alters both partitioning and dynamics of the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81, which are key players in many infectious processes, forming enriched areas where the virus buds. In this study we correlated super resolution microscopy mapping of tetraspanins with membrane topography delineated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in Gag-expressing cells. We revealed that CD9 is specifically trapped within the nascent viral particles, especially at buds tips, suggesting that Gag mediates CD9 and CD81 depletion from the plasma membrane. In addition, we showed that CD9 is organized as small membrane assemblies of few tens of nanometers that can coalesce upon Gag expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Dahmane
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by many cells, including cancer cells. Extensive research has been carried out to validate potential applications of exosomes and to evaluate their efficiency in a wide range of diseases, including cancer. The current knowledge on the origin, biogenesis and composition of exosomes is described. This review then focuses on the use of exosomes in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jimenez-Jimenez S, Hashimoto K, Santana O, Aguirre J, Kuchitsu K, Cárdenas L. Emerging roles of tetraspanins in plant inter-cellular and inter-kingdom communication. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1581559. [PMID: 30829110 PMCID: PMC6512927 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1581559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inter-cellular and inter-kingdom signaling systems of various levels of complexity regulate pathogenic and mutualistic interactions between bacteria, parasites, and fungi and animal and plant hosts. Inter-kingdom interactions between mutualistic bacteria such as rhizobia and legumes during nodulation and between fungi and plants during mycorrhizal associations, are characterized by the extensive exchange of molecular signals, which allow nitrogen and phosphate assimilation, respectively. A novel aspect of this signaling exchange is the existence of specific structures, the exosomes, that carry important molecules that shape the plant-pathogen interactions. Exosomes contain a wide array of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, messenger RNA, and microRNAs, that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication in animal and plant cells by affecting gene expression and other physiological activity in distant cells within the same organism (e.g., during cancer metastases and neuron injuries). In plant cells, it has been recently reported that exosomes go beyond organism boundaries and inhibit a pathogenic interaction in plants. Plant produce and send exosomes loaded with specific small miRNA which inhibit the pathogen infection, but the pathogen can also produce exosomes carrying pro-pathogenic proteins and microRNAs. Therefore, exosomes are the important bridge regulating the signal exchange. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which carries selected cargos from the cytoplasm (protein, lipids, and microRNAs) and under certain circumstances, they fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the small vesicles as cargo-carrying exosomes into the extracellular space during intercellular and inter-kingdom communication. Animal and plant proteomic studies have demonstrated that tetraspanin proteins are an integral part of exosome membranes, positioning tetraspanins as essential components for endosome organization, with key roles in membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and membrane recognition. We discuss the similarities and differences between animal tetraspanins and plant tetraspanins formed during plant-microbe interactions and their potential role in mutualistic communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saul Jimenez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Olivia Santana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
- CONTACT Luis Cárdenas Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liao Y, Chang HC, Liang FX, Chung PJ, Wei Y, Nguyen TP, Zhou G, Talebian S, Krey LC, Deng FM, Wong TW, Chicote JU, Grifo JA, Keefe DL, Shapiro E, Lepor H, Wu XR, DeSalle R, Garcia-España A, Kim SY, Sun TT. Uroplakins play conserved roles in egg fertilization and acquired additional urothelial functions during mammalian divergence. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3128-3143. [PMID: 30303751 PMCID: PMC6340209 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uroplakin (UP) tetraspanins and their associated proteins are major mammalian urothelial differentiation products that form unique two-dimensional crystals of 16-nm particles (“urothelial plaques”) covering the apical urothelial surface. Although uroplakins are highly expressed only in mammalian urothelium and are often referred to as being urothelium specific, they are also expressed in several mouse nonurothelial cell types in stomach, kidney, prostate, epididymis, testis/sperms, and ovary/oocytes. In oocytes, uroplakins colocalize with CD9 on cell-surface and multivesicular body-derived exosomes, and the cytoplasmic tail of UPIIIa undergoes a conserved fertilization-dependent, Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation that also occurs in Xenopus laevis eggs. Uroplakin knockout and antibody blocking reduce mouse eggs’ fertilization rate in in vitro fertilization assays, and UPII/IIIa double-knockout mice have a smaller litter size. Phylogenetic analyses showed that uroplakin sequences underwent significant mammal-specific changes. These results suggest that, by mediating signal transduction and modulating membrane stability that do not require two-dimensional-crystal formation, uroplakins can perform conserved and more ancestral fertilization functions in mouse and frog eggs. Uroplakins acquired the ability to form two-dimensional-crystalline plaques during mammalian divergence, enabling them to perform additional functions, including umbrella cell enlargement and the formation of permeability and mechanical barriers, to protect/modify the apical surface of the modern-day mammalian urothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | | | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Tuan-Phi Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ge Zhou
- Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY 10591
| | - Sheeva Talebian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Lewis C Krey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Fang-Ming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Javier U Chicote
- Unitat De Recerca, Hospital Joan XXIII, Institut de Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - James A Grifo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - David L Keefe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ellen Shapiro
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Herbert Lepor
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Robert DeSalle
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010
| | - Antonio Garcia-España
- Unitat De Recerca, Hospital Joan XXIII, Institut de Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Tung-Tien Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.,Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
A Rationale for Mesoscopic Domain Formation in Biomembranes. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040104. [PMID: 30274275 PMCID: PMC6316292 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell plasma membranes display a dramatically rich structural complexity characterized by functional sub-wavelength domains with specific lipid and protein composition. Under favorable experimental conditions, patterned morphologies can also be observed in vitro on model systems such as supported membranes or lipid vesicles. Lipid mixtures separating in liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases below a demixing temperature play a pivotal role in this context. Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions also contribute to membrane shaping by promoting small domains or clusters. Such phase separations displaying characteristic length-scales falling in-between the nanoscopic, molecular scale on the one hand and the macroscopic scale on the other hand, are named mesophases in soft condensed matter physics. In this review, we propose a classification of the diverse mechanisms leading to mesophase separation in biomembranes. We distinguish between mechanisms relying upon equilibrium thermodynamics and those involving out-of-equilibrium mechanisms, notably active membrane recycling. In equilibrium, we especially focus on the many mechanisms that dwell on an up-down symmetry breaking between the upper and lower bilayer leaflets. Symmetry breaking is an ubiquitous mechanism in condensed matter physics at the heart of several important phenomena. In the present case, it can be either spontaneous (domain buckling) or explicit, i.e., due to an external cause (global or local vesicle bending properties). Whenever possible, theoretical predictions and simulation results are confronted to experiments on model systems or living cells, which enables us to identify the most realistic mechanisms from a biological perspective.
Collapse
|
29
|
Saiz ML, Rocha-Perugini V, Sánchez-Madrid F. Tetraspanins as Organizers of Antigen-Presenting Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1074. [PMID: 29875769 PMCID: PMC5974036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells. APCs internalize and process antigens, producing immunogenic peptides that enable antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, which provide the signals that trigger T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and lead to adaptive immune responses. After detection of microbial antigens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), APCs migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where antigen presentation to T lymphocytes takes place. Tetraspanins are membrane proteins that organize specialized membrane platforms, called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, which integrate membrane receptors, like PRR and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), adhesion proteins, and signaling molecules. Importantly, through the modulation of the function of their associated membrane partners, tetraspanins regulate different steps of the immune response. Several tetraspanins can positively or negatively regulate the activation threshold of immune receptors. They also play a role during migration of APCs by controlling the surface levels and spatial arrangement of adhesion molecules and their subsequent intracellular signaling. Finally, tetraspanins participate in antigen processing and are important for priming of naïve T cells through the control of T-cell co-stimulation and MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation. In this review, we discuss the role of tetraspanins in APC biology and their involvement in effective immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Saiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Extracellular Conformational Changes in the Capsid of Human Papillomaviruses Contribute to Asynchronous Uptake into Host Cells. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02106-17. [PMID: 29593032 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02106-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. For initial infection, HPV16 utilizes a novel endocytic pathway for host cell entry. Unique among viruses, uptake occurs asynchronously over a protracted period of time, with half-times between 9 and 12 h. To trigger endocytic uptake, the virus particles need to undergo a series of structural modifications after initial binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). These changes involve proteolytic cleavage of the major capsid protein L1 by kallikrein-8 (KLK8), exposure of the N terminus of the minor capsid protein L2 by cyclophilins, and cleavage of this N terminus by furin. Overall, the structural changes are thought to facilitate the engagement of an elusive secondary receptor for internalization. Here, we addressed whether structural changes are the rate-limiting steps during infectious internalization of HPV16 by using structurally primed HPV16 particles. Our findings indicate that the structural modifications mediated by cyclophilins and furin, which lead to exposure and cleavage, respectively, of the L2 N terminus contribute to the slow and asynchronous internalization kinetics, whereas conformational changes elicited by HSPG binding and KLK8 cleavage did not. However, these structural modifications accounted for only 30 to 50% of the delay in internalization. Therefore, we propose that limited internalization receptor availability for engagement of HPV16 causes slow and asynchronous internalization in addition to rate-limiting structural changes in the viral capsid.IMPORTANCE HPVs are the main cause of anogenital cancers. Their unique biology is linked to the differentiation program of skin or mucosa. Here, we analyzed another unique aspect of HPV infections using the prototype HPV16. After initial cell binding, HPVs display an unusually protracted residence time on the plasma membrane prior to asynchronous uptake. As viruses typically do not expose themselves to host immune sensing, we analyzed the underlying reasons for this unusual behavior. This study provides evidence that both extracellular structural modifications and possibly a limited availability of the internalization receptor contribute to the slow internalization process of the virus. These findings indicate that perhaps a unique niche for initial infection that could allow for rapid infection exists. In addition, our results may help to develop novel, preventive antiviral measures.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Single-particle tracking has been used extensively to advance our understanding of the plasma membrane and the mechanisms controlling the movement of cell surface proteins. These studies provide fundamental insights into the regulation of membrane receptor activation and the assembly of signaling clusters. Here, we describe a method to label and track B cell receptor (BCR) and other cell surface proteins and how this method can be adapted to simultaneously track two molecular species or examine the movement of membrane proteins in relation to membrane microdomains. We recently used this method to study the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of B cell receptor dynamics at the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laabiah Wasim
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bebhinn Treanor
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haining EJ, Matthews AL, Noy PJ, Romanska HM, Harris HJ, Pike J, Morowski M, Gavin RL, Yang J, Milhiet PE, Berditchevski F, Nieswandt B, Poulter NS, Watson SP, Tomlinson MG. Tetraspanin Tspan9 regulates platelet collagen receptor GPVI lateral diffusion and activation. Platelets 2017; 28:629-642. [PMID: 28032533 PMCID: PMC5706974 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1254175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspanins are a superfamily of four-transmembrane proteins, which regulate the trafficking, lateral diffusion and clustering of the transmembrane proteins with which they interact. We have previously shown that tetraspanin Tspan9 is expressed on platelets. Here we have characterised gene-trap mice lacking Tspan9. The mice were viable with normal platelet numbers and size. Tspan9-deficient platelets were specifically defective in aggregation and secretion induced by the platelet collagen receptor GPVI, despite normal surface GPVI expression levels. A GPVI activation defect was suggested by partially impaired GPVI-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation. In mechanistic experiments, Tspan9 and GPVI co-immunoprecipitated and co-localised, but super-resolution imaging revealed no defects in collagen-induced GPVI clustering on Tspan9-deficient platelets. However, single particle tracking using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy showed that GPVI lateral diffusion was reduced by approximately 50% in the absence of Tspan9. Therefore, Tspan9 plays a fine-tuning role in platelet activation by regulating GPVI membrane dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Haining
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra L. Matthews
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter J. Noy
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Helen J. Harris
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeremy Pike
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- PSIBS Doctoral Training Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martina Morowski
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca L. Gavin
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- INSERM U1054, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier University, France
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie S. Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael G. Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bourges AC, Torres Montaguth OE, Ghosh A, Tadesse WM, Declerck N, Aertsen A, Royer CA. High pressure activation of the Mrr restriction endonuclease in Escherichia coli involves tetramer dissociation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5323-5332. [PMID: 28369499 PMCID: PMC5435990 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A sub-lethal hydrostatic pressure (HP) shock of ∼100 MPa elicits a RecA-dependent DNA damage (SOS) response in Escherichia coli K-12, despite the fact that pressure cannot compromise the covalent integrity of DNA. Prior screens for HP resistance identified Mrr (Methylated adenine Recognition and Restriction), a Type IV restriction endonuclease (REase), as instigator for this enigmatic HP-induced SOS response. Type IV REases tend to target modified DNA sites, and E. coli Mrr activity was previously shown to be elicited by expression of the foreign M.HhaII Type II methytransferase (MTase), as well. Here we measured the concentration and stoichiometry of a functional GFP-Mrr fusion protein using in vivo fluorescence fluctuation microscopy. Our results demonstrate that Mrr is a tetramer in unstressed cells, but shifts to a dimer after HP shock or co-expression with M.HhaII. Based on the differences in reversibility of tetramer dissociation observed for wild-type GFP-Mrr and a catalytic mutant upon HP shock compared to M.HhaII expression, we propose a model by which (i) HP triggers Mrr activity by directly pushing inactive Mrr tetramers to dissociate into active Mrr dimers, while (ii) M.HhaII triggers Mrr activity by creating high affinity target sites on the chromosome, which pull the equilibrium from inactive tetrameric Mrr toward active dimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs C Bourges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Oscar E Torres Montaguth
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wubishet M Tadesse
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Declerck
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine A Royer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tetraspanins in infections by human cytomegalo- and papillomaviruses. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:489-497. [PMID: 28408489 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the tetraspanin family have been identified as essential cellular membrane proteins in infectious diseases by nearly all types of pathogens. The present review highlights recently published data on the role of tetraspanin CD151, CD81, and CD63 and their interaction partners in host cell entry by human cytomegalo- and human papillomaviruses. Moreover, we discuss a model for tetraspanin assembly into trafficking platforms at the plasma membrane. These platforms might persist during intracellular viral trafficking.
Collapse
|
35
|
Reimann R, Kost B, Dettmer J. TETRASPANINs in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:545. [PMID: 28458676 PMCID: PMC5394113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are small transmembrane proteins that laterally associate with each other and cluster with numerous partner proteins as well as lipids. These interactions result in the formation of a distinct class of membrane domains, the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs), which influence numerous cellular processes such as cell adhesion and fusion, intracellular membrane trafficking, signaling, morphogenesis, motility as well as interaction with pathogens and cancer development. The majority of information available about tetraspanins is based on studies using animal models or cell lines, but tetraspanins are also present in fungi and plants. Recent studies indicate that tetraspanins have important functions in plant development, reproduction and stress responses. Here we provide a brief summary of the current state of tetraspanin research in plants.
Collapse
|
36
|
Jankovicova J, Frolikova M, Sebkova N, Simon M, Cupperova P, Lipcseyova D, Michalkova K, Horovska L, Sedlacek R, Stopka P, Antalikova J, Dvorakova-Hortova K. Characterization of tetraspanin protein CD81 in mouse spermatozoa and bovine gametes. Reproduction 2016; 152:785-793. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sperm–egg interaction and fusion represent a key moment of fertilization. In mammals, it is not possible without the interaction of the tetraspanin superfamily proteins including CD81. A detailed immunohistochemical localization of CD81 was monitored in bovine oocytes during different maturation stages, as well as during early embryogenesis. In addition, characterization of CD81 was carried out in bovine and mouse sperm. In bovine eggs, CD81 was detected on the plasma membrane of the germinal vesicle, metaphase I and metaphase II oocytes. During fertilization, accumulation of CD81 molecules in the perivitelline space of fertilized oocytes, which appeared as vesicles associated with plasma membrane, was observed. In majority of bull-ejaculated sperm and caput, corpus and cauda epididymal sperm, as well as mouse cauda epididymal sperm, CD81 was found on the plasma membrane covering the apical acrosome. Although the process of capacitation did not influence the localization of CD81, it was lost from the surface of the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in bull, in contrast to mouse sperm where there was a relocalization of the CD81 protein during acrosome reaction across the equatorial segment and later over the whole sperm head. The presented results highlight conservative unifying aspects of CD81 expression between cattle and mouse, together with mouse-specific traits in sperm CD81 behaviour, which emphasizes certain species-specific mechanisms of fertilization to be considered.
Collapse
|
37
|
Goiko M, de Bruyn JR, Heit B. Short-Lived Cages Restrict Protein Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34987. [PMID: 27725698 PMCID: PMC5057110 DOI: 10.1038/srep34987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a heterogeneous environment characterized by anomalous diffusion and the presence of microdomains that are molecularly distinct from the bulk membrane. Using single particle tracking of the C-type lectin CD93, we have identified for the first time the transient trapping of transmembrane proteins in cage-like microdomains which restrict protein diffusion. These cages are stabilized by actin-dependent confinement regions, but are separate structures with sizes and lifespans uncorrelated to those of the underlying actin corral. These membrane cages require cholesterol for their strength and stability, with cholesterol depletion decreasing both. Despite this, cages are much larger in size and are longer lived than lipid rafts, suggesting instead that cholesterol-dependent effects on membrane fluidity or molecular packing play a role in cage formation. This diffusional compartment in the plasma membrane has characteristics of both a diffusional barrier and a membrane microdomain, with a size and lifespan intermediate between short-lived microdomains such as lipid rafts and long-lasting diffusional barriers created by the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Goiko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - John R de Bruyn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada.,Centre for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mattila PK, Batista FD, Treanor B. Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton mediates receptor cross talk: An emerging concept in tuning receptor signaling. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:267-80. [PMID: 26833785 PMCID: PMC4748574 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence implicates the actin cytoskeleton in the control of receptor signaling. This may be of particular importance in the context of immune receptors, such as the B cell receptor, where dysregulated signaling can result in autoimmunity and malignancy. Here, we discuss the role of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling receptor compartmentalization, dynamics, and clustering as a means to regulate receptor signaling through controlling the interactions with protein partners. We propose that the actin cytoskeleton is a point of integration for receptor cross talk through modulation of protein dynamics and clustering. We discuss the implication of this cross talk via the cytoskeleton for both ligand-induced and low-level constitutive (tonic) signaling necessary for immune cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieta K Mattila
- Institute of Biomedicine, MediCity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Facundo D Batista
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Cancer Research UK, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| | - Bebhinn Treanor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rappa G, Green TM, Karbanová J, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Tetraspanin CD9 determines invasiveness and tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7970-91. [PMID: 25762645 PMCID: PMC4480729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of breast cancer cells (BCCs) with stromal components is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we assessed the role of CD9 in adhesion, migration and invasiveness of BCCs. We used co-cultures of BCCs and bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and analyzed their behavior and morphology by dynamic total internal reflection fluorescence, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. 83, 16 and 10% of contacts between MDA-MB-231 (MDA), MA-11 or MCF-7 cells and MSCs, respectively, resulted in MSC invasion. MDA cells developed long magnupodia, lamellipodia and dorsal microvilli, whereas long microvilli emerged from MA-11 cells. MCF-7 cells displayed large dorsal ruffles. CD9 knockdown and antibody blockage in MDA cells inhibited MSC invasion by 95 and 70%, respectively, suggesting that CD9 is required for this process. Remarkably, CD9-deficient MDA cells displayed significant alteration of their plasma membrane, harboring numerous peripheral and dorsal membrane ruffles instead of intact magnupodium/lamellipodium and microvillus, respectively. Such modification might explain the delayed adhesion, and hence MSC invasion. In agreement with this hypothesis, CD9-knockdown suppressed the metastatic capacity of MDA cells in mouse xenografts. Our data indicate that CD9 is implicated in BCC invasiveness and metastases by cellular mechanisms that involve specific CD9+ plasma membrane protrusions of BCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germana Rappa
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University of Health Sciences with Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Toni M Green
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University of Health Sciences with Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University of Health Sciences with Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Halova I, Draber P. Tetraspanins and Transmembrane Adaptor Proteins As Plasma Membrane Organizers-Mast Cell Case. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:43. [PMID: 27243007 PMCID: PMC4861716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane contains diverse and specialized membrane domains, which include tetraspanin-enriched domains (TEMs) and transmembrane adaptor protein (TRAP)-enriched domains. Recent biophysical, microscopic, and functional studies indicated that TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains are involved in compartmentalization of physicochemical events of such important processes as immunoreceptor signal transduction and chemotaxis. Moreover, there is evidence of a cross-talk between TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains. In this review we discuss the presence and function of such domains and their crosstalk using mast cells as a model. The combined data based on analysis of selected mast cell-expressed tetraspanins [cluster of differentiation (CD)9, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD151)] or TRAPs [linker for activation of T cells (LAT), non-T cell activation linker (NTAL), and phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (PAG)] using knockout mice or specific antibodies point to a diversity within these two families and bring evidence of the important roles of these molecules in signaling events. An example of this diversity is physical separation of two TRAPs, LAT and NTAL, which are in many aspects similar but show plasma membrane location in different microdomains in both non-activated and activated cells. Although our understanding of TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains is far from complete, pharmaceutical applications of the knowledge about these domains are under way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dosset P, Rassam P, Fernandez L, Espenel C, Rubinstein E, Margeat E, Milhiet PE. Automatic detection of diffusion modes within biological membranes using back-propagation neural network. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:197. [PMID: 27141816 PMCID: PMC4855490 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single particle tracking (SPT) is nowadays one of the most popular technique to probe spatio-temporal dynamics of proteins diffusing within the plasma membrane. Indeed membrane components of eukaryotic cells are very dynamic molecules and can diffuse according to different motion modes. Trajectories are often reconstructed frame-by-frame and dynamic properties often evaluated using mean square displacement (MSD) analysis. However, to get statistically significant results in tracking experiments, analysis of a large number of trajectories is required and new methods facilitating this analysis are still needed. Results In this study we developed a new algorithm based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and MSD analysis using a sliding window. The neural network was trained and cross validated with short synthetic trajectories. For simulated and experimental data, the algorithm was shown to accurately discriminate between Brownian, confined and directed diffusion modes within one trajectory, the 3 main of diffusion encountered for proteins diffusing within biological membranes. It does not require a minimum number of observed particle displacements within the trajectory to infer the presence of multiple motion states. The size of the sliding window was small enough to measure local behavior and to detect switches between different diffusion modes for segments as short as 20 frames. It also provides quantitative information from each segment of these trajectories. Besides its ability to detect switches between 3 modes of diffusion, this algorithm is able to analyze simultaneously hundreds of trajectories with a short computational time. Conclusion This new algorithm, implemented in powerful and handy software, provides a new conceptual and versatile tool, to accurately analyze the dynamic behavior of membrane components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1064-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dosset
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Rassam
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Fernandez
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Cedric Espenel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm, U1004, Villejuif, France.,Institut André Lwoff, Université Paris 11, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France. .,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France. .,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29, rue de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Halstead JM, Wilbertz JH, Wippich F, Lionnet T, Ephrussi A, Chao JA. TRICK: A Single-Molecule Method for Imaging the First Round of Translation in Living Cells and Animals. Methods Enzymol 2016; 572:123-57. [PMID: 27241753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The life of an mRNA is dynamic within a cell. The development of quantitative fluorescent microscopy techniques to image single molecules of RNA has allowed many aspects of the mRNA lifecycle to be directly observed in living cells. Recent advances in live-cell multicolor RNA imaging, however, have now made it possible to investigate RNA metabolism in greater detail. In this chapter, we present an overview of the design and implementation of the translating RNA imaging by coat protein knockoff RNA biosensor, which allows untranslated mRNAs to be distinguished from ones that have undergone a round of translation. The methods required for establishing this system in mammalian cell lines and Drosophila melanogaster oocytes are described here, but the principles may be applied to any experimental system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Halstead
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J H Wilbertz
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Wippich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lionnet
- Transcription Imaging Consortium, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - A Ephrussi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Chao
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Analyzing Protein Clusters on the Plasma Membrane: Application of Spatial Statistical Analysis Methods on Super-Resolution Microscopy Images. FOCUS ON BIO-IMAGE INFORMATICS 2016; 219:95-122. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28549-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
44
|
Jouannet S, Saint-Pol J, Fernandez L, Nguyen V, Charrin S, Boucheix C, Brou C, Milhiet PE, Rubinstein E. TspanC8 tetraspanins differentially regulate the cleavage of ADAM10 substrates, Notch activation and ADAM10 membrane compartmentalization. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 73:1895-915. [PMID: 26686862 PMCID: PMC4819958 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The metalloprotease ADAM10 mediates the shedding of the ectodomain of various cell membrane proteins, including APP, the precursor of the amyloid peptide Aβ, and Notch receptors following ligand binding. ADAM10 associates with the members of an evolutionary conserved subgroup of tetraspanins, referred to as TspanC8, which regulate its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that 4 of these TspanC8 (Tspan5, Tspan14, Tspan15 and Tspan33) which positively regulate ADAM10 surface expression levels differentially impact ADAM10-dependent Notch activation and the cleavage of several ADAM10 substrates, including APP, N-cadherin and CD44. Sucrose gradient fractionation, single molecule tracking and quantitative mass-spectrometry analysis of the repertoire of molecules co-immunoprecipitated with Tspan5, Tspan15 and ADAM10 show that these two tetraspanins differentially regulate ADAM10 membrane compartmentalization. These data represent a unique example where several tetraspanins differentially regulate the function of a common partner protein through a distinct membrane compartmentalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jouannet
- Inserm, U935, 94807, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Saint-Pol
- Inserm, U935, 94807, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Fernandez
- Inserm, U1054, 34090, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Viet Nguyen
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Charrin
- Inserm, U935, 94807, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- Inserm, U935, 94807, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Christel Brou
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire "Signalisation et Pathogenèse", 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- Inserm, U1054, 34090, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm, U935, 94807, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Manzo C, Garcia-Parajo MF. A review of progress in single particle tracking: from methods to biophysical insights. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:124601. [PMID: 26511974 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy has for centuries been a key tool to study living cells with minimum invasiveness. The advent of single molecule techniques over the past two decades has revolutionized the field of cell biology by providing a more quantitative picture of the complex and highly dynamic organization of living systems. Amongst these techniques, single particle tracking (SPT) has emerged as a powerful approach to study a variety of dynamic processes in life sciences. SPT provides access to single molecule behavior in the natural context of living cells, thereby allowing a complete statistical characterization of the system under study. In this review we describe the foundations of SPT together with novel optical implementations that nowadays allow the investigation of single molecule dynamic events with increasingly high spatiotemporal resolution using molecular densities closer to physiological expression levels. We outline some of the algorithms for the faithful reconstruction of SPT trajectories as well as data analysis, and highlight biological examples where the technique has provided novel insights into the role of diffusion regulating cellular function. The last part of the review concentrates on different theoretical models that describe anomalous transport behavior and ergodicity breaking observed from SPT studies in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The local structure and composition of the outer membrane of an animal cell are important factors in the control of many membrane processes and mechanisms. These include signaling, sorting, and exo- and endocytic processes that are occurring all the time in a living cell. Paradoxically, not only are the local structure and composition of the membrane matters of much debate and discussion, the mechanisms that govern its genesis remain highly controversial. Here, we discuss a swathe of new technological advances that may be applied to understand the local structure and composition of the membrane of a living cell from the molecular scale to the scale of the whole membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S van Zanten
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Destainville N, Schmidt TH, Lang T. Where Biology Meets Physics--A Converging View on Membrane Microdomain Dynamics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 77:27-65. [PMID: 26781829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, the phenomenon of membrane component segregation into microdomains has been a well-known and highly debated subject, and varying concepts including the raft hypothesis, the fence-and-picket model, hydrophobic-mismatch, and specific protein-protein interactions have been offered as explanations. Here, we review the level of insight into the molecular architecture of membrane domains one is capable of obtaining through biological experimentation. Using SNARE proteins as a paradigm, comprehensive data suggest that several dozens of molecules crowd together into almost circular spots smaller than 100 nm. Such clusters are highly dynamical as they constantly capture and lose molecules. The organization has a strong influence on the functional availability of proteins and likely provides a molecular scaffold for more complex protein networks. Despite this high level of insight, fundamental open questions remain, applying not only to SNARE protein domains but more generally to all types of membrane domains. In this context, we explain the view of physical models and how they are beneficial in advancing our concept of micropatterning. While biological models generally remain qualitative and descriptive, physics aims towards making them quantitative and providing reproducible numbers, in order to discriminate between different mechanisms which have been proposed to account for experimental observations. Despite the fundamental differences in biological and physical approaches as far as cell membrane microdomains are concerned, we are able to show that convergence on common points of views is in reach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Destainville
- Laboratoire de Physique Theorique (IRSAMC), Universite Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, UPS/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas H Schmidt
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Homsi Y, Schloetel JG, Scheffer KD, Schmidt TH, Destainville N, Florin L, Lang T. The extracellular δ-domain is essential for the formation of CD81 tetraspanin webs. Biophys J 2015; 107:100-13. [PMID: 24988345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD81 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the tetraspanin family. It forms large molecular platforms, so-called tetraspanin webs that play physiological roles in a variety of cellular functions and are involved in viral and parasite infections. We have investigated which part of the CD81 molecule is required for the formation of domains in the cell membranes of T-cells and hepatocytes. Surprisingly, we find that large CD81 platforms assemble via the short extracellular δ-domain, independent from a strong primary partner binding and from weak interactions mediated by palmitoylation. The δ-domain is also essential for the platforms to function during viral entry. We propose that, instead of stable binary interactions, CD81 interactions via the small δ-domain, possibly involving a dimerization step, play the key role in organizing CD81 into large tetraspanin webs and controlling its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Homsi
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Gero Schloetel
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstanze D Scheffer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas H Schmidt
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Destainville
- Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, UPS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (IRSAMC), Toulouse, France
| | - Luise Florin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zuidscherwoude M, Göttfert F, Dunlock VME, Figdor CG, van den Bogaart G, van Spriel AB. The tetraspanin web revisited by super-resolution microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12201. [PMID: 26183063 PMCID: PMC4505338 DOI: 10.1038/srep12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane is critical for signal transduction, cell communication and membrane trafficking. Tetraspanins organize functional higher-order protein complexes called ‘tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs)’ via interactions with partner molecules and other tetraspanins. Still, the nanoscale organization of TEMs in native plasma membranes has not been resolved. Here, we elucidated the size, density and distribution of TEMs in the plasma membrane of human B cells and dendritic cells using dual color stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. We demonstrate that tetraspanins form individual nanoclusters smaller than 120 nm and quantified that a single tetraspanin CD53 cluster contains less than ten CD53 molecules. CD53 and CD37 domains were adjacent to and displayed only minor overlap with clusters containing tetraspanins CD81 or CD82. Moreover, CD53 and CD81 were found in closer proximity to their partners MHC class II and CD19 than to other tetraspanins. Although these results indicate that tetraspanin domains are adjacently positioned in the plasma membrane, they challenge the current view of the tetraspanin web of multiple tetraspanin species organized into a single domain. This study increases the molecular understanding of TEMs at the nanoscale level which is essential for comprehending tetraspanin function in cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Göttfert
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vera Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rassam P, Copeland NA, Birkholz O, Tóth C, Chavent M, Duncan AL, Cross SJ, Housden NG, Kaminska R, Seger U, Quinn DM, Garrod TJ, Sansom MSP, Piehler J, Baumann CG, Kleanthous C. Supramolecular assemblies underpin turnover of outer membrane proteins in bacteria. Nature 2015; 523:333-6. [PMID: 26061769 PMCID: PMC4905513 DOI: 10.1038/nature14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria inhabit a broad range of ecological niches. For Escherichia coli, this includes river water as well as humans and animals, where it can be both a commensal and a pathogen. Intricate regulatory mechanisms ensure that bacteria have the right complement of β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) to enable adaptation to a particular habitat. Yet no mechanism is known for replacing OMPs in the outer membrane, an issue that is further confounded by the lack of an energy source and the high stability and abundance of OMPs. Here we uncover the process underpinning OMP turnover in E. coli and show it to be passive and binary in nature, in which old OMPs are displaced to the poles of growing cells as new OMPs take their place. Using fluorescent colicins as OMP-specific probes, in combination with ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in vivo and in vitro, as well as molecular dynamics simulations, we established the mechanism for binary OMP partitioning. OMPs clustered to form ∼0.5-μm diameter islands, where their diffusion is restricted by promiscuous interactions with other OMPs. OMP islands were distributed throughout the cell and contained the Bam complex, which catalyses the insertion of OMPs in the outer membrane. However, OMP biogenesis occurred as a gradient that was highest at mid-cell but largely absent at cell poles. The cumulative effect is to push old OMP islands towards the poles of growing cells, leading to a binary distribution when cells divide. Hence, the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacterium is a spatially and temporally organized structure, and this organization lies at the heart of how OMPs are turned over in the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Rassam
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK [2] Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Oliver Birkholz
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Csaba Tóth
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Matthieu Chavent
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna L Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stephen J Cross
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nicholas G Housden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Renata Kaminska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Urban Seger
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Diana M Quinn
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tamsin J Garrod
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Colin Kleanthous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|