1
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Preminger N, Schuldiner M. Beyond fission and fusion-Diving into the mysteries of mitochondrial shape. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002671. [PMID: 38949997 PMCID: PMC11216622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial shape and network formation have been primarily associated with the well-established processes of fission and fusion. However, recent research has unveiled an intricate and multifaceted landscape of mitochondrial morphology that extends far beyond the conventional fission-fusion paradigm. These less-explored dimensions harbor numerous unresolved mysteries. This review navigates through diverse processes influencing mitochondrial shape and network formation, highlighting the intriguing complexities and gaps in our understanding of mitochondrial architecture. The exploration encompasses various scales, from biophysical principles governing membrane dynamics to molecular machineries shaping mitochondria, presenting a roadmap for future research in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Preminger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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den Brave F, Schulte U, Fakler B, Pfanner N, Becker T. Mitochondrial complexome and import network. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:578-594. [PMID: 37914576 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform crucial functions in cellular metabolism, protein and lipid biogenesis, quality control, and signaling. The systematic analysis of protein complexes and interaction networks provided exciting insights into the structural and functional organization of mitochondria. Most mitochondrial proteins do not act as independent units, but are interconnected by stable or dynamic protein-protein interactions. Protein translocases are responsible for importing precursor proteins into mitochondria and form central elements of several protein interaction networks. These networks include molecular chaperones and quality control factors, metabolite channels and respiratory chain complexes, and membrane and organellar contact sites. Protein translocases link the distinct networks into an overarching network, the mitochondrial import network (MitimNet), to coordinate biogenesis, membrane organization and function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian den Brave
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Kondadi AK, Reichert AS. Mitochondrial Dynamics at Different Levels: From Cristae Dynamics to Interorganellar Cross Talk. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:147-168. [PMID: 38166176 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles performing important cellular functions ranging from bioenergetics and metabolism to apoptotic signaling and immune responses. They are highly dynamic at different structural and functional levels. Mitochondria have been shown to constantly undergo fusion and fission processes and dynamically interact with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and lipid droplets. The field of mitochondrial dynamics has evolved hand in hand with technological achievements including advanced fluorescence super-resolution nanoscopy. Dynamic remodeling of the cristae membrane within individual mitochondria, discovered very recently, opens up a further exciting layer of mitochondrial dynamics. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial dynamics at the following levels: (a) within an individual mitochondrion, (b) among mitochondria, and (c) between mitochondria and other organelles. Although the three tiers of mitochondrial dynamics have in the past been classified in a hierarchical manner, they are functionally connected and must act in a coordinated manner to maintain cellular functions and thus prevent various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
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4
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Kumar A, Gok MO, Nguyen KN, Connor OM, Reese ML, Wideman JG, Muñoz-Gómez SA, Friedman JR. A dynamin superfamily-like pseudoenzyme coordinates with MICOS to promote cristae architecture. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2606-2622.e9. [PMID: 38692277 PMCID: PMC11187654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae architecture is crucial for optimal respiratory function of the organelle. Cristae shape is maintained in part by the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. While MICOS is required for normal cristae morphology, the precise mechanistic role of each of the seven human MICOS subunits, and how the complex coordinates with other cristae-shaping factors, has not been fully determined. Here, we examine the MICOS complex in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a minimal model whose genome only encodes for four core subunits. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we identify a poorly characterized inner mitochondrial membrane protein that interacts with MICOS and is required to maintain cristae morphology, which we name Mmc1. We demonstrate that Mmc1 works in concert with MICOS to promote normal mitochondrial morphology and respiratory function. Mmc1 is a distant relative of the dynamin superfamily of proteins (DSPs), GTPases, which are well established to shape and remodel membranes. Similar to DSPs, Mmc1 self-associates and forms high-molecular-weight assemblies. Interestingly, however, Mmc1 is a pseudoenzyme that lacks key residues required for GTP binding and hydrolysis, suggesting that it does not dynamically remodel membranes. These data are consistent with the model that Mmc1 stabilizes cristae architecture by acting as a scaffold to support cristae ultrastructure on the matrix side of the inner membrane. Our study reveals a new class of proteins that evolved early in fungal phylogeny and is required for the maintenance of cristae architecture. This highlights the possibility that functionally analogous proteins work with MICOS to establish cristae morphology in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mehmet Oguz Gok
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kailey N Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olivia M Connor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael L Reese
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeremy G Wideman
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sergio A Muñoz-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan R Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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5
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Bischof L, Schweitzer F, Schmitz HP, Heinisch JJ. The small yeast GTPase Rho5 requires specific mitochondrial outer membrane proteins for translocation under oxidative stress and interacts with the VDAC Por1. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151405. [PMID: 38503132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast Rho5 is a small GTPase which mediates the response to nutrient and oxidative stress, and triggers mitophagy and apoptosis. We here studied the rapid translocation of a GFP-tagged Rho5 to mitochondria under such stress conditions by live-cell fluorescence microscopy in the background of strains lacking different mitochondrial outer membrane proteins (MOMP). Fun14, Msp1 and Alo1 were found to be required for efficient recruitment of the GTPase, whereas translocation of Dck1 and Lmo1, the subunits of its dimeric GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF), remained unaffected. An influence of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) Por1 on the association of GFP-Rho5 with mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions appeared to be strain-dependent. However, epistasis analyses and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies indicate a genetic and physical interaction. All four strains lacking a single MOMP were investigated for their effect on mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnet Bischof
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, AG Genetik, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Franziska Schweitzer
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, AG Genetik, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schmitz
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, AG Genetik, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, AG Genetik, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany.
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6
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Li D, Gao X, Ma X, Wang M, Cheng C, Xue T, Gao F, Shen Y, Zhang J, Liu Q. Aging-induced tRNA Glu-derived fragment impairs glutamate biosynthesis by targeting mitochondrial translation-dependent cristae organization. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1059-1075.e9. [PMID: 38458203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae, infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane, undergo aberrant changes in their architecture with age. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and their contribution to brain aging are largely elusive. Here, we observe an age-dependent accumulation of Glu-5'tsRNA-CTC, a transfer-RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), derived from nuclear-encoded tRNAGlu in the mitochondria of glutaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial Glu-5'tsRNA-CTC disrupts the binding of mt-tRNALeu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase2 (LaRs2), impairing mt-tRNALeu aminoacylation and mitochondria-encoded protein translation. Mitochondrial translation defects disrupt cristae organization, leading to damaged glutaminase (GLS)-dependent glutamate formation and reduced synaptosomal glutamate levels. Moreover, reduction of Glu-5'tsRNA-CTC protects aged brains from age-related defects in mitochondrial cristae organization, glutamate metabolism, synaptic structures, and memory. Thus, beyond illustrating a physiological role for normal mitochondrial cristae ultrastructure in maintaining glutamate levels, our study defines a pathological role for tsRNAs in brain aging and age-related memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xinyi Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chuandong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
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7
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Benning FMC, Bell TA, Nguyen TH, Syau D, Connell LB, daCosta CJB, Chao LH. Ancestral sequence reconstruction of Mic60 reveals a residue signature supporting respiration in yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591372. [PMID: 38746426 PMCID: PMC11092495 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the essential process of cellular respiration takes place in the cristae of mitochondria. The protein Mic60 is known to stabilize crista junctions; however, how the C-terminal Mitofilin domain of Mic60 mediates cristae-supported respiration remains elusive. Here, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to generate Mitofilin ancestors up to and including the last opisthokont common ancestor (LOCA). We found that yeast-lineage derived Mitofilin ancestors as far back as the LOCA rescue respiration. By comparing Mitofilin ancestors with different respiratory phenotypes, we identify four residues that explain the difference between respiration functional yeast- and non-functional animal-derived common Mitofilin ancestors. Our results imply that Mitofilin-supported respiration in yeast stems from a conserved mechanism, and provide a foundation for investigating the divergence of candidate crista junction interactions present during the emergence of eukaryotes.
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8
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Mavuduru VA, Vadupu L, Ghosh KK, Chakrabortty S, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P, Ball WB. Mitochondrial phospholipid transport: Role of contact sites and lipid transport proteins. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 94:101268. [PMID: 38195013 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
One of the major constituents of mitochondrial membranes is the phospholipids, which play a key role in maintaining the structure and the functions of the mitochondria. However, mitochondria do not synthesize most of the phospholipids in situ, necessitating the presence of phospholipid import pathways. Even for the phospholipids, which are synthesized within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), the phospholipid precursors must be imported from outside the mitochondria. Therefore, the mitochondria heavily rely on the phospholipid transport pathways for its proper functioning. Since, mitochondria are not part of a vesicular trafficking network, the molecular mechanisms of how mitochondria receive its phospholipids remain a relevant question. One of the major ways that hydrophobic phospholipids can cross the aqueous barrier of inter or intraorganellar spaces is by apposing membranes, thereby decreasing the distance of transport, or by being sequestered by lipid transport proteins (LTPs). Therefore, with the discovery of LTPs and membrane contact sites (MCSs), we are beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms of phospholipid transport pathways in the mitochondria. In this review, we will present a brief overview of the recent findings on the molecular architecture and the importance of the MCSs, both the intraorganellar and interorganellar contact sites, in facilitating the mitochondrial phospholipid transport. In addition, we will also discuss the role of LTPs for trafficking phospholipids through the intermembrane space (IMS) of the mitochondria. Mechanistic insights into different phospholipid transport pathways of mitochondria could be exploited to vary the composition of membrane phospholipids and gain a better understanding of their precise role in membrane homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Aditya Mavuduru
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Lavanya Vadupu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore; Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore; Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore.
| | - Writoban Basu Ball
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India.
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9
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Stephan T, Stoldt S, Barbot M, Carney TD, Lange F, Bates M, Bou Dib P, Inamdar K, Shcherbata HR, Meinecke M, Riedel D, Dennerlein S, Rehling P, Jakobs S. Drosophila MIC10b can polymerize into cristae-shaping filaments. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302177. [PMID: 38253420 PMCID: PMC10803214 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that are crucial for cellular energy metabolism. The formation of cristae requires the presence of a protein complex known as MICOS, which is conserved across eukaryotic species. One of the subunits of this complex, MIC10, is a transmembrane protein that supports cristae formation by oligomerization. In Drosophila melanogaster, three MIC10-like proteins with different tissue-specific expression patterns exist. We demonstrate that CG41128/MINOS1b/DmMIC10b is the major MIC10 orthologue in flies. Its loss destabilizes MICOS, disturbs cristae architecture, and reduces the life span and fertility of flies. We show that DmMIC10b has a unique ability to polymerize into bundles of filaments, which can remodel mitochondrial crista membranes. The formation of these filaments relies on conserved glycine and cysteine residues, and can be suppressed by the co-expression of other Drosophila MICOS proteins. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of MICOS in flies, and suggest potential mechanisms for the maintenance of mitochondrial ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Stephan
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariam Barbot
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Travis D Carney
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Felix Lange
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Bates
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Institute for Nanophotonics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bou Dib
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaushik Inamdar
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Michael Meinecke
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Edington AR, Connor OM, Marlar-Pavey M, Friedman JR. Human CCDC51 and yeast Mdm33 are functionally conserved mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that demarcate a subset of organelle fission events. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586162. [PMID: 38562768 PMCID: PMC10983960 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic double membrane-bound organelles that exist in a semi-continuous network. Mitochondrial morphology arises from the complex interplay of numerous processes, including opposing fission and fusion dynamics and the formation of highly organized cristae invaginations of the inner membrane. While extensive work has examined the mechanisms of mitochondrial fission, it remains unclear how fission is coordinated across two membrane bilayers and how mitochondrial inner membrane organization is coupled with mitochondrial fission dynamics. Previously, the yeast protein Mdm33 was implicated in facilitating fission by coordinating with inner membrane homeostasis pathways. However, Mdm33 is not conserved outside fungal species and its precise mechanistic role remains unclear. Here, we use a bioinformatic approach to identify a putative structural ortholog of Mdm33 in humans, CCDC51 (also called MITOK). We find that the mitochondrial phenotypes associated with altered CCDC51 levels implicate the protein in mitochondrial fission dynamics. Further, using timelapse microscopy, we spatially and temporally resolve Mdm33 and CCDC51 to a subset of mitochondrial fission events. Finally, we show that CCDC51 can partially rescue yeast Δmdm33 cells, indicating the proteins are functionally analogous. Our data reveal that Mdm33/CCDC51 are conserved mediators of mitochondrial morphology and suggest the proteins play a crucial role in maintaining normal mitochondrial dynamics and organelle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia R Edington
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Olivia M Connor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Jonathan R Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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11
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Golombek M, Tsigaras T, Schaumkessel Y, Hänsch S, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Anand R, Reichert AS, Kondadi AK. Cristae dynamics is modulated in bioenergetically compromised mitochondria. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302386. [PMID: 37957016 PMCID: PMC10643176 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cristae membranes have been recently shown to undergo intramitochondrial merging and splitting events. Yet, the metabolic and bioenergetic factors regulating them are unclear. Here, we investigated whether and how cristae morphology and dynamics are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the ADP/ATP nucleotide translocator. Advanced live-cell STED nanoscopy combined with in-depth quantification were employed to analyse cristae morphology and dynamics after treatment of mammalian cells with rotenone, antimycin A, oligomycin A, and CCCP. This led to formation of enlarged mitochondria along with reduced cristae density but did not impair cristae dynamics. CCCP treatment leading to ΔΨm abrogation even enhanced cristae dynamics showing its ΔΨm-independent nature. Inhibition of OXPHOS complexes was accompanied by reduced ATP levels but did not affect cristae dynamics. However, inhibition of ADP/ATP exchange led to aberrant cristae morphology and impaired cristae dynamics in a mitochondrial subset. In sum, we provide quantitative data of cristae membrane remodelling under different conditions supporting an important interplay between OXPHOS, metabolite exchange, and cristae membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Golombek
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thanos Tsigaras
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yulia Schaumkessel
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Kondadi
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Dong J, Chen L, Ye F, Tang J, Liu B, Lin J, Zhou PH, Lu B, Wu M, Lu JH, He JJ, Engelender S, Meng Q, Song Z, He H. Mic19 depletion impairs endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts and mitochondrial lipid metabolism and triggers liver disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:168. [PMID: 38168065 PMCID: PMC10762189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contacts are critical for the regulation of lipid transport, synthesis, and metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism and physiological function of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts remain unclear. Here, we show that Mic19, a key subunit of MICOS (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system) complex, regulates ER-mitochondria contacts by the EMC2-SLC25A46-Mic19 axis. Mic19 liver specific knockout (LKO) leads to the reduction of ER-mitochondrial contacts, mitochondrial lipid metabolism disorder, disorganization of mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial unfolded protein stress response in mouse hepatocytes, impairing liver mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid metabolism, which may spontaneously trigger nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis in mice. Whereas, the re-expression of Mic19 in Mic19 LKO hepatocytes blocks the development of liver disease in mice. In addition, Mic19 overexpression suppresses MCD-induced fatty liver disease. Thus, our findings uncover the EMC2-SLC25A46-Mic19 axis as a pathway regulating ER-mitochondria contacts, and reveal that impairment of ER-mitochondria contacts may be a mechanism associated with the development of NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junhui Tang
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pang-Hu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing-Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Simone Engelender
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Qingtao Meng
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Department of pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - He He
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Department of pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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13
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Venkatraman K, Lee CT, Garcia GC, Mahapatra A, Milshteyn D, Perkins G, Kim K, Pasolli HA, Phan S, Lippincott‐Schwartz J, Ellisman MH, Rangamani P, Budin I. Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner mitochondrial membrane lipidome. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114054. [PMID: 37933600 PMCID: PMC10711667 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cristae are high-curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping proteins have been defined, analogous lipid-based mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi-scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the inner mitochondrial membrane against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein-mediated curvatures. This model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that cardiolipin is essential in low-oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of cardiolipin is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Guadalupe C Garcia
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Arijit Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
Applied Physical SciencesUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Daniel Milshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Keun‐Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVAUSA
- Present address:
Electron Microscopy Resource CenterThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sebastien Phan
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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14
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Peifer-Weiß L, Kurban M, David C, Lubeck M, Kondadi AK, Nemer G, Reichert AS, Anand R. A X-linked nonsense APOO/MIC26 variant causes a lethal mitochondrial disease with progeria-like phenotypes. Clin Genet 2023; 104:659-668. [PMID: 37649161 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
APOO/MIC26 is a subunit of the MICOS complex required for mitochondrial cristae morphology and function. Here, we report a novel variant of the APOO/MIC26 gene that causes a severe mitochondrial disease with overall progeria-like phenotypes in two patients. Both patients developed partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, bilateral congenital cataract, hypothyroidism, and severe immune deficiencies. The patients died at an early age of 12 or 18 months. Exome sequencing revealed a mutation (NM_024122.5): c.532G>T (p.E178*) in the APOO/MIC26 gene that causes a nonsense mutation leading to the loss of 20 C-terminal amino acids. This mutation resulted in a highly unstable and degradation prone MIC26 protein, yet the remaining minute amounts of mutant MIC26 correctly localized to mitochondria and interacted physically with other MICOS subunits. MIC26 KO cells expressing MIC26 harboring the respective APOO/MIC26 mutation showed mitochondria with perturbed cristae architecture and fragmented morphology resembling MIC26 KO cells. We conclude that the novel mutation found in the APOO/MIC26 gene is a loss-of-function mutation impairing mitochondrial morphology and cristae morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Peifer-Weiß
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Céline David
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melissa Lubeck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georges Nemer
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Su H, Guo H, Qiu X, Lin TY, Qin C, Celio G, Yong P, Senders M, Han X, Bernlohr DA, Chen X. Lipocalin 2 regulates mitochondrial phospholipidome remodeling, dynamics, and function in brown adipose tissue in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6729. [PMID: 37872178 PMCID: PMC10593768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is vital for energy metabolism in thermogenic adipocytes. Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in brown adipocytes are linked to disrupted thermogenesis and energy balance in obesity and aging. Phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidic acid (PA) jointly regulate mitochondrial membrane architecture and dynamics, with mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) serving as the platform for phospholipid biosynthesis and metabolism. However, little is known about the regulators of MAM phospholipid metabolism and their connection to mitochondrial function. We discover that LCN2 is a PA binding protein recruited to the MAM during inflammation and metabolic stimulation. Lcn2 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial fusion-fission balance and alters the acyl-chain composition of mitochondrial phospholipids in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of male mice. Lcn2 KO male mice exhibit an increase in the levels of CLs containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), a decrease in CLs containing monounsaturated fatty acids, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction triggers compensatory activation of peroxisomal function and the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA-containing plasmalogens in BAT. Additionally, Lcn2 deficiency alters PA production, correlating with changes in PA-regulated phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes and the mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, LCN2 plays a critical role in the acyl-chain remodeling of phospholipids and mitochondrial bioenergetics by regulating PA production and its function in activating signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Su
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Te-Yueh Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Chao Qin
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Gail Celio
- University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Peter Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark Senders
- University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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16
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Kumar A, Gok MO, Nguyen KN, Reese ML, Wideman JG, Muñoz-Gómez SA, Friedman JR. A DRP-like pseudoenzyme coordinates with MICOS to promote cristae architecture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560745. [PMID: 37873150 PMCID: PMC10592917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae architecture is crucial for optimal respiratory function of the organelle. Cristae shape is maintained in part by the mitochondrial inner membrane-localized MICOS complex. While MICOS is required for normal cristae morphology, the precise mechanistic role of each of the seven human MICOS subunits, and how the complex coordinates with other cristae shaping factors, has not been fully determined. Here, we examine the MICOS complex in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a minimal model whose genome only encodes for four core subunits. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we identify a poorly characterized inner mitochondrial membrane protein that interacts with MICOS and is required to maintain cristae morphology, which we name Mmc1. We demonstrate that Mmc1 works in concert with MICOS complexes to promote normal mitochondrial morphology and respiratory function. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that Mmc1 is a distant relative of the Dynamin-Related Protein (DRP) family of GTPases, which are well established to shape and remodel membranes. We find that, like DRPs, Mmc1 self-associates and forms high molecular weight assemblies. Interestingly, however, Mmc1 is a pseudoenzyme that lacks key residues required for GTP binding and hydrolysis, suggesting it does not dynamically remodel membranes. These data are consistent with a model in which Mmc1 stabilizes cristae architecture by acting as a scaffold to support cristae ultrastructure on the matrix side of the inner membrane. Our study reveals a new class of proteins that evolved early in fungal phylogeny and is required for the maintenance of cristae architecture. This highlights the possibility that functionally analogous proteins work with MICOS to establish cristae morphology in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mehmet Oguz Gok
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kailey N. Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael L. Reese
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jeremy G. Wideman
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Jonathan R. Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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17
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Connor OM, Matta SK, Friedman JR. Completion of mitochondrial division requires the intermembrane space protein Mdi1/Atg44. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303147. [PMID: 37540145 PMCID: PMC10403340 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic double membrane-bound organelles that maintain their shape in part through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial fission is performed by a dynamin-related protein, Dnm1 (Drp1 in humans), that constricts and divides the mitochondria in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner. However, it is unclear whether factors inside mitochondria help coordinate the process and if Dnm1/Drp1 activity is sufficient to complete the fission of both mitochondrial membranes. Here, we identify an intermembrane space protein required for mitochondrial fission in yeast, which we propose to name Mdi1 (also named Atg44). Loss of Mdi1 causes mitochondrial hyperfusion due to defects in fission, but not the lack of Dnm1 recruitment to mitochondria. Mdi1 is conserved in fungal species, and its homologs contain an amphipathic α-helix, mutations of which disrupt mitochondrial morphology. One model is that Mdi1 distorts mitochondrial membranes to enable Dnm1 to robustly complete fission. Our work reveals that Dnm1 cannot efficiently divide mitochondria without the coordinated function of Mdi1 inside mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Connor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Srujan K. Matta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Seel A, Padovani F, Mayer M, Finster A, Bureik D, Thoma F, Osman C, Klecker T, Schmoller KM. Regulation with cell size ensures mitochondrial DNA homeostasis during cell growth. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1549-1560. [PMID: 37679564 PMCID: PMC10584693 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
To maintain stable DNA concentrations, proliferating cells need to coordinate DNA replication with cell growth. For nuclear DNA, eukaryotic cells achieve this by coupling DNA replication to cell-cycle progression, ensuring that DNA is doubled exactly once per cell cycle. By contrast, mitochondrial DNA replication is typically not strictly coupled to the cell cycle, leaving the open question of how cells maintain the correct amount of mitochondrial DNA during cell growth. Here, we show that in budding yeast, mitochondrial DNA copy number increases with cell volume, both in asynchronously cycling populations and during G1 arrest. Our findings suggest that cell-volume-dependent mitochondrial DNA maintenance is achieved through nuclear-encoded limiting factors, including the mitochondrial DNA polymerase Mip1 and the packaging factor Abf2, whose amount increases in proportion to cell volume. By directly linking mitochondrial DNA maintenance to nuclear protein synthesis and thus cell growth, constant mitochondrial DNA concentrations can be robustly maintained without a need for cell-cycle-dependent regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Seel
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Padovani
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Mayer
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alissa Finster
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Bureik
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Thoma
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christof Osman
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Till Klecker
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kurt M Schmoller
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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19
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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20
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Venkatraman K, Lee CT, Garcia GC, Mahapatra A, Milshteyn D, Perkins G, Kim KY, Pasolli HA, Phan S, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ellisman MH, Rangamani P, Budin I. Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner membrane lipidome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532310. [PMID: 36993370 PMCID: PMC10054968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cristae are high curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping proteins have been defined, analogous mechanisms for lipids have yet to be elucidated. Here we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi-scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the IMM against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein-mediated curvatures. The model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that CL is essential in low oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of CL is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Guadalupe C Garcia
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla CA 92097
| | - Arijit Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Daniel Milshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn VA 20147
| | - Sebastien Phan
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Lead contact
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21
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Kadam A, Jadiya P, Tomar D. Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196466. [PMID: 37601094 PMCID: PMC10434574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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22
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Lubeck M, Derkum NH, Naha R, Strohm R, Driessen MD, Belgardt BF, Roden M, Stühler K, Anand R, Reichert AS, Kondadi AK. MIC26 and MIC27 are bona fide subunits of the MICOS complex in mitochondria and do not exist as glycosylated apolipoproteins. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286756. [PMID: 37279200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments of mitochondrial functions are linked to human ageing and pathologies such as cancer, cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Specifically, aberrations in ultrastructure of mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) and factors regulating them are linked to diabetes. The development of diabetes is connected to the 'Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organising System' (MICOS) complex which is a large membrane protein complex defining the IM architecture. MIC26 and MIC27 are homologous apolipoproteins of the MICOS complex. MIC26 has been reported as a 22 kDa mitochondrial and a 55 kDa glycosylated and secreted protein. The molecular and functional relationship between these MIC26 isoforms has not been investigated. In order to understand their molecular roles, we depleted MIC26 using siRNA and further generated MIC26 and MIC27 knockouts (KOs) in four different human cell lines. In these KOs, we used four anti-MIC26 antibodies and consistently detected the loss of mitochondrial MIC26 (22 kDa) and MIC27 (30 kDa) but not the loss of intracellular or secreted 55 kDa protein. Thus, the protein assigned earlier as 55 kDa MIC26 is nonspecific. We further excluded the presence of a glycosylated, high-molecular weight MIC27 protein. Next, we probed GFP- and myc-tagged variants of MIC26 with antibodies against GFP and myc respectively. Again, only the mitochondrial versions of these tagged proteins were detected but not the corresponding high-molecular weight MIC26, suggesting that MIC26 is indeed not post-translationally modified. Mutagenesis of predicted glycosylation sites in MIC26 also did not affect the detection of the 55 kDa protein band. Mass spectrometry of a band excised from an SDS gel around 55 kDa could not confirm the presence of any peptides derived from MIC26. Taken together, we conclude that both MIC26 and MIC27 are exclusively localized in mitochondria and that the observed phenotypes reported previously are exclusively due to their mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lubeck
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nick H Derkum
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ritam Naha
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Strohm
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc D Driessen
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Protein Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Protein Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Gok MO, Connor OM, Wang X, Menezes CJ, Llamas CB, Mishra P, Friedman JR. The outer mitochondrial membrane protein TMEM11 demarcates spatially restricted BNIP3/BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204021. [PMID: 36795401 PMCID: PMC9960330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play critical roles in cellular metabolism and to maintain their integrity, they are regulated by several quality control pathways, including mitophagy. During BNIP3/BNIP3L-dependent receptor-mediated mitophagy, mitochondria are selectively targeted for degradation by the direct recruitment of the autophagy protein LC3. BNIP3 and/or BNIP3L are upregulated situationally, for example during hypoxia and developmentally during erythrocyte maturation. However, it is not well understood how they are spatially regulated within the mitochondrial network to locally trigger mitophagy. Here, we find that the poorly characterized mitochondrial protein TMEM11 forms a complex with BNIP3 and BNIP3L and co-enriches at sites of mitophagosome formation. We find that mitophagy is hyper-active in the absence of TMEM11 during both normoxia and hypoxia-mimetic conditions due to an increase in BNIP3/BNIP3L mitophagy sites, supporting a model that TMEM11 spatially restricts mitophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz Gok
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivia M. Connor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xun Wang
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cameron J. Menezes
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claire B. Llamas
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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24
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Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E4 targets mitochondria and the mitochondria-associated membrane complex in neuropathology, including Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102684. [PMID: 36753858 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 sets the stage for neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and altering mitochondria-associated membranes. Contact and apposition of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum membranes are enhanced in brain cells in AD and associated with increases in tethering and spacing proteins that modulate many cellular processes. Contact site protein levels are higher in apoE4 cells. In apoE4 neurons, the NAD+/NADH ratio is lowered, reactive oxygen species are increased, and NAD/NADH pathway components and redox proteins are decreased. Oxidative phosphorylation is impaired and reserve ATP generation capacity is lacking. ApoE4 neurons have ∼50% fewer respiratory complex subunits (e.g., ATP synthase) and may increase translocase levels of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes to facilitate delivery of nucleus-encoded complex subunits. Respiratory complex assembly relies on mitochondrial cristae organizing system subunits that are altered in apoE4 cells, and apoE4 increases mitochondrial proteases that control respiratory subunit composition for complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Mahley
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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25
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Connor OM, Matta SK, Friedman JR. An intermembrane space protein facilitates completion of mitochondrial division in yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.31.535139. [PMID: 37034761 PMCID: PMC10081322 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.31.535139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic double membrane-bound organelles that maintain their shape in part through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial fission is performed by the dynamin-related protein Dnm1 (Drp1 in humans), a large GTPase that constricts and divides the mitochondria in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner. However, it is unclear whether factors inside mitochondria help coordinate the process and if Dnm1/Drp1 activity alone is sufficient to complete fission of both mitochondrial membranes. Here, we identify an intermembrane space protein required for mitochondrial fission in yeast, which we propose to name Mdi1. Loss of Mdi1 leads to hyper-fused mitochondria networks due to defects in mitochondrial fission, but not lack of Dnm1 recruitment to mitochondria. Mdi1 plays a conserved role in fungal species and its homologs contain a putative amphipathic α-helix, mutations in which disrupt mitochondrial morphology. One model to explain these findings is that Mdi1 associates with and distorts the mitochondrial inner membrane to enable Dnm1 to robustly complete fission. Our work reveals that Dnm1 cannot efficiently divide mitochondria without the coordinated function of a protein that resides inside mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Connor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Srujan K. Matta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jonathan R. Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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26
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Flores-Romero H, Dadsena S, García-Sáez AJ. Mitochondrial pores at the crossroad between cell death and inflammatory signaling. Mol Cell 2023; 83:843-856. [PMID: 36931255 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles with a major role in many cellular processes, including not only energy production, metabolism, and calcium homeostasis but also regulated cell death and innate immunity. Their proteobacterial origin makes them a rich source of potent immune agonists, normally hidden within the mitochondrial membrane barriers. Alteration of mitochondrial permeability through mitochondrial pores thus provides efficient mechanisms not only to communicate mitochondrial stress to the cell but also as a key event in the integration of cellular responses. In this regard, eukaryotic cells have developed diverse signaling networks that sense and respond to the release of mitochondrial components into the cytosol and play a key role in controlling cell death and inflammatory pathways. Modulating pore formation at mitochondria through direct or indirect mechanisms may thus open new opportunities for therapy. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the structure and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial pores and how they function at the interface between cell death and inflammatory signaling to regulate cellular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Romero
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shashank Dadsena
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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27
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Busch JD, Fielden LF, Pfanner N, Wiedemann N. Mitochondrial protein transport: Versatility of translocases and mechanisms. Mol Cell 2023; 83:890-910. [PMID: 36931257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of mitochondria requires the import of approximately 1,000 different precursor proteins into and across the mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria exhibit a wide variety of mechanisms and machineries for the translocation and sorting of precursor proteins. Five major import pathways that transport proteins to their functional intramitochondrial destination have been elucidated; these pathways range from the classical amino-terminal presequence-directed pathway to pathways using internal or even carboxy-terminal targeting signals in the precursors. Recent studies have provided important insights into the structural organization of membrane-embedded preprotein translocases of mitochondria. A comparison of the different translocases reveals the existence of at least three fundamentally different mechanisms: two-pore-translocase, β-barrel switching, and transport cavities open to the lipid bilayer. In addition, translocases are physically engaged in dynamic interactions with respiratory chain complexes, metabolite transporters, quality control factors, and machineries controlling membrane morphology. Thus, mitochondrial preprotein translocases are integrated into multi-functional networks of mitochondrial and cellular machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Busch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura F Fielden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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28
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He C, Berkowitz O, Hu S, Zhao Y, Qian K, Shou H, Whelan J, Wang Y. Co-regulation of mitochondrial and chloroplast function: Molecular components and mechanisms. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100496. [PMID: 36435968 PMCID: PMC9860188 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic interdependence, interactions, and coordination of functions between chloroplasts and mitochondria are established and intensively studied. However, less is known about the regulatory components that control these interactions and their responses to external stimuli. Here, we outline how chloroplastic and mitochondrial activities are coordinated via common components involved in signal transduction pathways, gene regulatory events, and post-transcriptional processes. The endoplasmic reticulum emerges as a point of convergence for both transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways that coordinate chloroplast and mitochondrial functions. Although the identification of molecular components and mechanisms of chloroplast and mitochondrial signaling increasingly suggests common players, this raises the question of how these allow for distinct organelle-specific downstream pathways. Outstanding questions with respect to the regulation of post-transcriptional pathways and the cell and/or tissue specificity of organelle signaling are crucial for understanding how these pathways are integrated at a whole-plant level to optimize plant growth and its response to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunman He
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, P.R. China
| | - James Whelan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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29
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Down the membrane hole: Ion channels in protozoan parasites. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1011004. [PMID: 36580479 PMCID: PMC9799330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases caused by protozoans are highly prevalent around the world, disproportionally affecting developing countries, where coinfection with other microorganisms is common. Control and treatment of parasitic infections are constrained by the lack of specific and effective drugs, plus the rapid emergence of resistance. Ion channels are main drug targets for numerous diseases, but their potential against protozoan parasites is still untapped. Ion channels are membrane proteins expressed in all types of cells, allowing for the flow of ions between compartments, and regulating cellular functions such as membrane potential, excitability, volume, signaling, and death. Channels and transporters reside at the interface between parasites and their hosts, controlling nutrient uptake, viability, replication, and infectivity. To understand how ion channels control protozoan parasites fate and to evaluate their suitability for therapeutics, we must deepen our knowledge of their structure, function, and modulation. However, methodological approaches commonly used in mammalian cells have proven difficult to apply in protozoans. This review focuses on ion channels described in protozoan parasites of clinical relevance, mainly apicomplexans and trypanosomatids, highlighting proteins for which molecular and functional evidence has been correlated with their physiological functions.
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30
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Sessions DT, Kim KB, Kashatus JA, Churchill N, Park KS, Mayo MW, Sesaki H, Kashatus DF. Opa1 and Drp1 reciprocally regulate cristae morphology, ETC function, and NAD + regeneration in KRas-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111818. [PMID: 36516772 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRas activates mitochondrial fission through Erk-mediated phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission GTPase Drp1. Drp1 deletion inhibits tumorigenesis of KRas-driven pancreatic cancer, but the role of mitochondrial dynamics in other Ras-driven malignancies is poorly defined. Here we show that in vitro and in vivo growth of KRas-driven lung adenocarcinoma is unaffected by deletion of Drp1 but is inhibited by deletion of Opa1, the GTPase that regulates inner membrane fusion and proper cristae morphology. Mechanistically, Opa1 knockout disrupts cristae morphology and inhibits electron transport chain (ETC) assembly and activity, which inhibits tumor cell proliferation through loss of NAD+ regeneration. Simultaneous inactivation of Drp1 and Opa1 restores cristae morphology, ETC activity, and cell proliferation indicating that mitochondrial fission activity drives ETC dysfunction induced by Opa1 knockout. Our results support a model in which mitochondrial fission events disrupt cristae structure, and tumor cells with hyperactive fission activity require Opa1 activity to maintain ETC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane T Sessions
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nikolas Churchill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Marty W Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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31
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Ozeir M, Cohen MM. From dynamin related proteins structures and oligomers to membrane fusion mediated by mitofusins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148913. [PMID: 36057374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria assemble in a highly dynamic network where interconnected tubules evolve in length and size through regulated cycles of fission and fusion of mitochondrial membranes thereby adapting to cellular needs. Mitochondrial fusion and fission processes are mediated by specific sets of mechano-chemical large GTPases that belong to the Dynamin-Related Proteins (DRPs) super family. DRPs bind to cognate membranes and auto-oligomerize to drive lipid bilayers remodeling in a nucleotide dependent manner. Although structural characterization and mechanisms of DRPs that mediate membrane fission are well established, the capacity of DRPs to mediate membrane fusion is only emerging. In this review, we discuss the distinct structures and mechanisms of DRPs that trigger the anchoring and fusion of biological membranes with a specific focus on mitofusins that are dedicated to the fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes. In particular, we will highlight oligomeric assemblies of distinct DRPs and confront their mode of action against existing models of mitofusins assemblies with emphasis on recent biochemical, structural and computational reports. As we will see, the literature brings valuable insights into the presumed macro-assemblies mitofusins may form during anchoring and fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ozeir
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickael M Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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32
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Bittner E, Stehlik T, Freitag J. Sharing the wealth: The versatility of proteins targeted to peroxisomes and other organelles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934331. [PMID: 36225313 PMCID: PMC9549241 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles with critical functions in cellular energy and lipid metabolism. Depending on the organism, cell type, and developmental stage, they are involved in numerous other metabolic and regulatory pathways. Many peroxisomal functions require factors also relevant to other cellular compartments. Here, we review proteins shared by peroxisomes and at least one different site within the cell. We discuss the mechanisms to achieve dual targeting, their regulation, and functional consequences. Characterization of dual targeting is fundamental to understand how peroxisomes are integrated into the metabolic and regulatory circuits of eukaryotic cells.
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33
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ORP5/8 and MIB/MICOS link ER-mitochondria and intra-mitochondrial contacts for non-vesicular transport of phosphatidylserine. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111364. [PMID: 36130504 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles essential for cell survival whose structural and functional integrity rely on selective and regulated transport of lipids from/to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and across the mitochondrial intermembrane space. As they are not connected by vesicular transport, the exchange of lipids between ER and mitochondria occurs at membrane contact sites. However, the mechanisms and proteins involved in these processes are only beginning to emerge. Here, we show that the main physiological localization of the lipid transfer proteins ORP5 and ORP8 is at mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) subdomains, physically linked to the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB)/mitochondrial contact sites and cristae junction organizing system (MICOS) complexes that bridge the two mitochondrial membranes. We also show that ORP5/ORP8 mediate non-vesicular transport of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids from the ER to mitochondria by cooperating with the MIB/MICOS complexes. Overall our study reveals a physical and functional link between ER-mitochondria contacts involved in lipid transfer and intra-mitochondrial membrane contacts maintained by the MIB/MICOS complexes.
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34
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Bock-Bierbaum T, Funck K, Wollweber F, Lisicki E, von der Malsburg K, von der Malsburg A, Laborenz J, Noel JK, Hessenberger M, Jungbluth S, Bernert C, Kunz S, Riedel D, Lilie H, Jakobs S, van der Laan M, Daumke O. Structural insights into crista junction formation by the Mic60-Mic19 complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4946. [PMID: 36044574 PMCID: PMC9432830 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae membranes are the oxidative phosphorylation sites in cells. Crista junctions (CJs) form the highly curved neck regions of cristae and are thought to function as selective entry gates into the cristae space. Little is known about how CJs are generated and maintained. We show that the central coiled-coil (CC) domain of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system subunit Mic60 forms an elongated, bow tie-shaped tetrameric assembly. Mic19 promotes Mic60 tetramerization via a conserved interface between the Mic60 mitofilin and Mic19 CHCH (CC-helix-CC-helix) domains. Dimerization of mitofilin domains exposes a crescent-shaped membrane-binding site with convex curvature tailored to interact with the curved CJ neck. Our study suggests that the Mic60-Mic19 subcomplex traverses CJs as a molecular strut, thereby controlling CJ architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bock-Bierbaum
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Funck
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Wollweber
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Elisa Lisicki
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Janina Laborenz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Jeffrey K. Noel
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Hessenberger
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Jungbluth
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Carola Bernert
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Section of Protein Biochemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Research Group Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Nahacka Z, Novak J, Zobalova R, Neuzil J. Miro proteins and their role in mitochondrial transfer in cancer and beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937753. [PMID: 35959487 PMCID: PMC9358137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles essential for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Although their main cellular function, generation of energy in the form of ATP is dispensable for cancer cells, their capability to drive their adaptation to stress originating from tumor microenvironment makes them a plausible therapeutic target. Recent research has revealed that cancer cells with damaged oxidative phosphorylation import healthy (functional) mitochondria from surrounding stromal cells to drive pyrimidine synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it has been shown that energetically competent mitochondria are fundamental for tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. The spatial positioning and transport of mitochondria involves Miro proteins from a subfamily of small GTPases, localized in outer mitochondrial membrane. Miro proteins are involved in the structure of the MICOS complex, connecting outer and inner-mitochondrial membrane; in mitochondria-ER communication; Ca2+ metabolism; and in the recycling of damaged organelles via mitophagy. The most important role of Miro is regulation of mitochondrial movement and distribution within (and between) cells, acting as an adaptor linking organelles to cytoskeleton-associated motor proteins. In this review, we discuss the function of Miro proteins in various modes of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, emphasizing the structure and dynamics of tunneling nanotubes, the most common transfer modality. We summarize the evidence for and propose possible roles of Miro proteins in nanotube-mediated transfer as well as in cancer cell migration and metastasis, both processes being tightly connected to cytoskeleton-driven mitochondrial movement and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nahacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| | - Jaromir Novak
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
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36
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Purohit G, Viana MP, Khalimonchuk O. Protocol for engineering and validating a synthetic mitochondrial intermembrane bridge in mammalian cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101454. [PMID: 35719722 PMCID: PMC9204730 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites are recognized as critical means of intercompartmental communication. Here, we describe a protocol for engineering and validating a synthetic bridge between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes to support functioning of the endogenous mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). A chimeric protein, MitoT, is stably expressed in cultured mammalian cells to bridge the mitochondrial membranes. This approach can be a valuable tool to study the function of the MICOS complex and associated proteins. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Viana et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA,Corresponding author
| | | | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA,Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA,Corresponding author
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37
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Ford HC, Allen WJ, Pereira GC, Liu X, Dillingham MS, Collinson I. Towards a molecular mechanism underlying mitochondrial protein import through the TOM and TIM23 complexes. eLife 2022; 11:75426. [PMID: 35674314 PMCID: PMC9255969 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all mitochondrial proteins need to be targeted for import from the cytosol. For the majority, the first port of call is the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex), followed by a procession of alternative molecular machines, conducting transport to their final destination. The pre-sequence translocase of the inner membrane (TIM23-complex) imports proteins with cleavable pre-sequences. Progress in understanding these transport mechanisms has been hampered by the poor sensitivity and time resolution of import assays. However, with the development of an assay based on split NanoLuc luciferase, we can now explore this process in greater detail. Here, we apply this new methodology to understand how ∆ψ and ATP hydrolysis, the two main driving forces for import into the matrix, contribute to the transport of pre-sequence-containing precursors (PCPs) with varying properties. Notably, we found that two major rate-limiting steps define PCP import time: passage of PCP across the outer membrane and initiation of inner membrane transport by the pre-sequence - the rates of which are influenced by PCP size and net charge. The apparent distinction between transport through the two membranes (passage through TOM is substantially complete before PCP-TIM engagement) is in contrast with the current view that import occurs through TOM and TIM in a single continuous step. Our results also indicate that PCPs spend very little time in the TIM23 channel - presumably rapid success or failure of import is critical for maintenance of mitochondrial fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Ford
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William J Allen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo C Pereira
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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38
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Warnsmann V, Marschall LM, Meeßen AC, Wolters M, Schürmanns L, Basoglu M, Eimer S, Osiewacz HD. Disruption of the MICOS complex leads to an aberrant cristae structure and an unexpected, pronounced lifespan extension in Podospora anserina. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1306-1326. [PMID: 35616269 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic eukaryotic organelles involved in a variety of essential cellular processes including the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species as well as in the control of apoptosis and autophagy. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to aging and disease. Previous work with the ascomycete Podospora anserina demonstrated that mitochondrial morphotype as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure change during aging. The latter goes along with an age-dependent reorganization of the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a change from lamellar cristae to vesicular structures. Particularly from studies with yeast, it is known that besides the F1 Fo -ATP-synthase and the phospholipid cardiolipin also the "mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system" (MICOS) complex, existing of the Mic60- and Mic10-subcomplex, is essential for proper cristae formation. In the present study, we aimed to understand the mechanistic basis of age-related changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. We observed that MICOS subunits are coregulated at the posttranscriptional level. This regulation partially depends on the mitochondrial iAAA-protease PaIAP. Most surprisingly, we made the counterintuitive observation that, despite the loss of lamellar cristae and of mitochondrial impairments, the ablation of MICOS subunits (except for PaMIC12) leads to a pronounced lifespan extension. Moreover, simultaneous ablation of subunits of both MICOS subcomplexes synergistically increases lifespan, providing formal genetic evidence that both subcomplexes affect lifespan by different and at least partially independent pathways. At the molecular level, we found that ablation of Mic10-subcomplex components leads to a mitohormesis-induced lifespan extension, while lifespan extension of Mic60-subcomplex mutants seems to be controlled by pathways involved in the control of phospholipid homeostasis. Overall, our data demonstrate that both MICOS subcomplexes have different functions and play distinct roles in the aging process of P. anserina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Warnsmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Marschall
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja C Meeßen
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maike Wolters
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Schürmanns
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marion Basoglu
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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39
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Mechanical instability generated by Myosin 19 contributes to mitochondria cristae architecture and OXPHOS. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2673. [PMID: 35562374 PMCID: PMC9106661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The folded mitochondria inner membrane-cristae is the structural foundation for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and energy production. By mechanically simulating mitochondria morphogenesis, we speculate that efficient sculpting of the cristae is organelle non-autonomous. It has long been inferred that folding requires buckling in living systems. However, the tethering force for cristae formation and regulation has not been identified. Combining electron tomography, proteomics strategies, super resolution live cell imaging and mathematical modeling, we reveal that the mitochondria localized actin motor-myosin 19 (Myo19) is critical for maintaining cristae structure, by associating with the SAM-MICOS super complex. We discover that depletion of Myo19 or disruption of its motor activity leads to altered mitochondria membrane potential and decreased OXPHOS. We propose that Myo19 may act as a mechanical tether for effective ridging of the mitochondria cristae, thus sustaining the energy homeostasis essential for various cellular functions. The structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane, or cristae, is important for functional oxidative phosphorylation and energy production. Here, the authors show that loss of myosin 19 impairs cristae structure as well as energy production, connecting motor activity to membrane potential.
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40
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Shi X, Reinstadler B, Shah H, To TL, Byrne K, Summer L, Calvo SE, Goldberger O, Doench JG, Mootha VK, Shen H. Combinatorial GxGxE CRISPR screen identifies SLC25A39 in mitochondrial glutathione transport linking iron homeostasis to OXPHOS. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2483. [PMID: 35513392 PMCID: PMC9072411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLC25 carrier family consists of 53 transporters that shuttle nutrients and co-factors across mitochondrial membranes. The family is highly redundant and their transport activities coupled to metabolic state. Here, we use a pooled, dual CRISPR screening strategy that knocks out pairs of transporters in four metabolic states - glucose, galactose, OXPHOS inhibition, and absence of pyruvate - designed to unmask the inter-dependence of these genes. In total, we screen 63 genes in four metabolic states, corresponding to 2016 single and pair-wise genetic perturbations. We recover 19 gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions and 9 gene-by-gene (GxG) interactions. One GxE interaction hit illustrates that the fitness defect in the mitochondrial folate carrier (SLC25A32) KO cells is genetically buffered in galactose due to a lack of substrate in de novo purine biosynthesis. GxG analysis highlights a buffering interaction between the iron transporter SLC25A37 (A37) and the poorly characterized SLC25A39 (A39). Mitochondrial metabolite profiling, organelle transport assays, and structure-guided mutagenesis identify A39 as critical for mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) import. Functional studies reveal that A39-mediated glutathione homeostasis and A37-mediated mitochondrial iron uptake operate jointly to support mitochondrial OXPHOS. Our work underscores the value of studying family-wide genetic interactions across different metabolic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Shi
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryn Reinstadler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tsz-Leung To
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katie Byrne
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luanna Summer
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA.
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41
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Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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42
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Yang Z, Wang L, Yang C, Pu S, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhao H. Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:786806. [PMID: 35059386 PMCID: PMC8763711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of many important cellular processes and their dysfunction has been implicated in a large number of human disorders. Importantly, mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their ultrastructure, which possesses an intricate membrane architecture defining specific submitochondrial compartments. In particular, the mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded into membrane invaginations that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, mitochondrial membranes are highly dynamic and undergo constant membrane remodeling during mitochondrial fusion and fission. It has remained enigmatic how these membrane curvatures are generated and maintained, and specific factors involved in these processes are largely unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial membrane architectural organization and factors critical for mitochondrial morphogenesis, as well as their functional link to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Perivolidi VI, Violitzi F, Ioannidou E, Rinotas V, Stamatakis G, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Douni E. Proteomic Identification of the SLC25A46 Interactome in Transgenic Mice Expressing SLC25A46-FLAG. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:375-394. [PMID: 34983179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane protein SLC25A46 has been recently identified as a novel genetic cause of a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. The aim of the present work was to elucidate the physiological role of SLC25A46 through the identification of its interactome with immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis in whole cell extracts from the cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, and thymus of transgenic mice expressing ubiquitously SLC25A46-FLAG. Our analysis identified 371 novel putative interactors of SLC25A46 and confirmed 17 known ones. A total of 79 co-immunoprecipitated proteins were common in two or more tissues, mainly participating in mitochondrial activities such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP production, active transport of ions or molecules, and the metabolism. Tissue-specific co-immunoprecipitated proteins were enriched for synapse annotated proteins in the cerebellum and cerebrum for metabolic processes in the heart and for nuclear processes and proteasome in the thymus. Our proteomic approach confirmed known mitochondrial interactors of SLC25A46 including MICOS complex subunits and also OPA1 and VDACs, while we identified novel interactors including the ADP/ATP translocases SLC25A4 and SLC25A5, subunits of the OXPHOS complexes and F1Fo-ATP synthase, and components of the mitochondria-ER contact sites. Our results show that SLC25A46 interacts with a large number of proteins and protein complexes involved in the mitochondria architecture, energy production, and flux and also in inter-organellar contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki-Iris Perivolidi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.,Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Foteini Violitzi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.,Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Elisavet Ioannidou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Vagelis Rinotas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.,Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece
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44
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Rampelt H, Wollweber F, Licheva M, de Boer R, Perschil I, Steidle L, Becker T, Bohnert M, van der Klei I, Kraft C, van der Laan M, Pfanner N. Dual role of Mic10 in mitochondrial cristae organization and ATP synthase-linked metabolic adaptation and respiratory growth. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110290. [PMID: 35081352 PMCID: PMC8810396 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane, termed cristae, are hubs for oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and the dimeric F1Fo-ATP synthase play important roles in controlling cristae architecture. A fraction of the MICOS core subunit Mic10 is found in association with the ATP synthase, yet it is unknown whether this interaction is of relevance for mitochondrial or cellular functions. Here, we established conditions to selectively study the role of Mic10 at the ATP synthase. Mic10 variants impaired in MICOS functions stimulate ATP synthase oligomerization like wild-type Mic10 and promote efficient inner membrane energization, adaptation to non-fermentable carbon sources, and respiratory growth. Mic10's functions in respiratory growth largely depend on Mic10ATPsynthase, not on Mic10MICOS. We conclude that Mic10 plays a dual role as core subunit of MICOS and as partner of the F1Fo-ATP synthase, serving distinct functions in cristae shaping and respiratory adaptation and growth. Dual role of Mic10 of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) Mic10 binds to mitochondrial ATP synthase and stabilizes higher order assemblies Oligomerization of Mic10 is required for its function in MICOS, not at ATP synthase Mic10 binding to ATP synthase supports metabolic adaptation and respiratory growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Wollweber
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mariya Licheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rinse de Boer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Perschil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Liesa Steidle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Bohnert
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ida van der Klei
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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45
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Morgenstern M, Peikert CD, Lübbert P, Suppanz I, Klemm C, Alka O, Steiert C, Naumenko N, Schendzielorz A, Melchionda L, Mühlhäuser WWD, Knapp B, Busch JD, Stiller SB, Dannenmaier S, Lindau C, Licheva M, Eickhorst C, Galbusera R, Zerbes RM, Ryan MT, Kraft C, Kozjak-Pavlovic V, Drepper F, Dennerlein S, Oeljeklaus S, Pfanner N, Wiedemann N, Warscheid B. Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its dynamics in cellular context. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2464-2483.e18. [PMID: 34800366 PMCID: PMC8664129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular energetics, metabolism, signaling, and quality control and have been linked to various diseases. Different views exist on the composition of the human mitochondrial proteome. We classified >8,000 proteins in mitochondrial preparations of human cells and defined a mitochondrial high-confidence proteome of >1,100 proteins (MitoCoP). We identified interactors of translocases, respiratory chain, and ATP synthase assembly factors. The abundance of MitoCoP proteins covers six orders of magnitude and amounts to 7% of the cellular proteome with the chaperones HSP60-HSP10 being the most abundant mitochondrial proteins. MitoCoP dynamics spans three orders of magnitudes, with half-lives from hours to months, and suggests a rapid regulation of biosynthesis and assembly processes. 460 MitoCoP genes are linked to human diseases with a strong prevalence for the central nervous system and metabolism. MitoCoP will provide a high-confidence resource for placing dynamics, functions, and dysfunctions of mitochondria into the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Morgenstern
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian D Peikert
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Lübbert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida Suppanz
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cinzia Klemm
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Alka
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Conny Steiert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nataliia Naumenko
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schendzielorz
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Melchionda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wignand W D Mühlhäuser
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob D Busch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Stiller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dannenmaier
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Lindau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariya Licheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Eickhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Galbusera
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf M Zerbes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedel Drepper
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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46
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Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with two membranes. Their architecture is determined by characteristic folds of the inner membrane, termed cristae. Recent studies in yeast and other organisms led to the identification of four major pathways that cooperate to shape cristae membranes. These include dimer formation of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, assembly of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), inner membrane remodelling by a dynamin-related GTPase (Mgm1/OPA1), and modulation of the mitochondrial lipid composition. In this review, we describe the function of the evolutionarily conserved machineries involved in mitochondrial cristae biogenesis with a focus on yeast and present current models to explain how their coordinated activities establish mitochondrial membrane architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Klecker
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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47
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Marco-Hernández AV, Tomás-Vila M, Montoya-Filardi A, Barranco-González H, Vilchez Padilla JJ, Azorín I, Smeyers Dura P, Monfort-Membrado S, Pitarch-Castellano I, Martínez-Castellano F. Mitochondrial developmental encephalopathy with bilateral optic neuropathy related to homozygous variants in IMMT gene. Clin Genet 2021; 101:233-241. [PMID: 34842280 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMMT gene codes for mitofilin, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that regulates the morphology of mitochondrial cristae. The phenotype associated with mutations in this gene has not been yet established, but functional studies carried out show that its loss causes a mitochondrial alteration, both in the morphology of the mitochondrial crests and in their function. We present two cousins from an extended highly consanguineous family with developmental encephalopathy, hypotonia, nystagmus due to optic neuropathy. The likely pathogenic homozygous c.895A>G (p.Lys299Glu) variant in the IMMT gene co-segregates with the disease and associates altered mitochondrial cristae observed by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Victoria Marco-Hernández
- Genomics Unit, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Tomás-Vila
- Neuropediatrics Section, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Jesus Vilchez Padilla
- Neuromuscular Pathology Laboratory, Health Research Institute La Fe; CIBERER. European Reference for rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Azorín
- Neuromuscular Pathology Laboratory, Health Research Institute La Fe; CIBERER. European Reference for rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Martínez-Castellano
- Genomics Unit, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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48
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Houston R, Sekine Y, Larsen MB, Murakami K, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Narendra DP, Chen BB, Sekine S. Discovery of bactericides as an acute mitochondrial membrane damage inducer. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar32. [PMID: 34495738 PMCID: PMC8693957 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria to become essential organelles of eukaryotic cells. The unique lipid composition and structure of mitochondrial membranes are critical for the proper functioning of mitochondria. However, stress responses that help maintain the mitochondrial membrane integrity are not well understood. One reason for this lack of insight is the absence of efficient tools to specifically damage mitochondrial membranes. Here, through a compound screen, we found that two bis-biguanide compounds, chlorhexidine and alexidine, modified the activity of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)-resident protease OMA1 by altering the integrity of the IMM. These compounds are well-known bactericides whose mechanism of action has centered on their damage-inducing activity on bacterial membranes. We found alexidine binds to the IMM likely through the electrostatic interaction driven by the membrane potential as well as an affinity for anionic phospholipids. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that alexidine severely perturbated the cristae structure. Notably, alexidine evoked a specific transcriptional/proteostasis signature that was not induced by other typical mitochondrial stressors, highlighting the unique property of alexidine as a novel mitochondrial membrane stressor. Our findings provide a chemical-biological tool that should enable the delineation of mitochondrial stress-signaling pathways required to maintain the mitochondrial membrane homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Houston
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Yusuke Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Mads B Larsen
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Kei Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Steven J. Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, the Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, the Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Derek P. Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bill B. Chen
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Shiori Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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49
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Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111338. [PMID: 34768767 PMCID: PMC8583510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell’s needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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50
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Zhao F, Zou MH. Role of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Machinery and Protein Processing in Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:749756. [PMID: 34651031 PMCID: PMC8505727 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.749756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular energy production, metabolic homeostasis, calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. About 99% of mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, synthesized as precursors in the cytosol, and imported into mitochondria by mitochondrial protein import machinery. Mitochondrial protein import systems function not only as independent units for protein translocation, but also are deeply integrated into a functional network of mitochondrial bioenergetics, protein quality control, mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, and interaction with other organelles. Mitochondrial protein import deficiency is linked to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe an emerging class of protein or genetic variations of components of the mitochondrial import machinery involved in heart disease. The major protein import pathways, including the presequence pathway (TIM23 pathway), the carrier pathway (TIM22 pathway), and the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly machinery, related translocases, proteinases, and chaperones, are discussed here. This review highlights the importance of mitochondrial import machinery in heart disease, which deserves considerable attention, and further studies are urgently needed. Ultimately, this knowledge may be critical for the development of therapeutic strategies in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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