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Guo H, Wang J, Yao D, Yu L, Jiang W, Xie L, Lv S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang C, Ji W, Zhang H. Identification of nuclear membrane SUN proteins and components associated with wheat fungal stress responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:29. [PMID: 38861095 PMCID: PMC11166608 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nuclear membrane that encapsulates genomic DNA is composed of an inner nuclear membrane (INM), an outer nuclear membrane (ONM), and a perinuclear space. SUN proteins located in the INM and KASH proteins in the ONM form the SUN-KASH NM-bridge, which functions as the junction of the nucleocytoplasmic complex junction. Proteins containing the SUN domain showed the highest correlation with differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the wheat response to fungal stress. To understand the characteristics of SUN and its associated proteins in wheat responding to pathogen stress, here we investigated and comprehensive analyzed SUN- and KASH-related proteins among the DAPs under fungi infection based on their conserved motifs. In total, four SUN proteins, one WPP domain-interacting protein (WIP), four WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WIT), two WPP proteins and one Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP) were identified. Following transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana, TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2, TaWIT1 and TaWIP1 were identified as nuclear membrane proteins, while TaWPP1 and TaWPP2 were expressed in both the nucleus and cell membrane. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 were strongly upregulated in response to fungal infection. Furthermore, using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation, the luciferase complementation and a nuclear and split-ubiquitin-based membrane yeast two-hybrid systems, we substantiated the interaction between TaSUN2 and TaWIP1, as well as TaWIP1/WIT1 and TaWPP1/WPP2. Silencing of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 in wheat leaves promoted powdery mildew infection and hyphal growth, and reduced the expression of TaBRI1, TaBAK1 and Ta14-3-3, indicating that these NM proteins play a positive role in resistance to fungal stress. Our study reveals the characteristics of NM proteins and propose the preliminary construction of SUN-WIP-WPP-RanGAP complex in wheat, which represents a foundation for detail elucidating their functions in wheat in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Di Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ligang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lincai Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shikai Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Changyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Dupouy G, Dong Y, Herzog E, Chabouté ME, Berr A. Nuclear envelope dynamics in connection to chromatin remodeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:963-981. [PMID: 37067011 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is a central organelle of eukaryotic cells undergoing dynamic structural changes during cellular fundamental processes such as proliferation and differentiation. These changes rely on the integration of developmental and stress signals at the nuclear envelope (NE), orchestrating responses at the nucleo-cytoplasmic interface for efficient genomic functions such as DNA transcription, replication and repair. While in animals, correlation has already been established between NE dynamics and chromatin remodeling using last-generation tools and cutting-edge technologies, this topic is just emerging in plants, especially in response to mechanical cues. This review summarizes recent data obtained in this field with more emphasis on the mechanical stress response. It also highlights similarities/differences between animal and plant cells at multiples scales, from the structural organization of the nucleo-cytoplasmic continuum to the functional impacts of NE dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Dupouy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yihan Dong
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Berr
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
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Cao Y, Yan H, Sheng M, Liu Y, Yu X, Li Z, Xu W, Su Z. Nuclear lamina component KAKU4 regulates chromatin states and transcriptional regulation in the Arabidopsis genome. BMC Biol 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38609974 PMCID: PMC11015597 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear lamina links the nuclear membrane to chromosomes and plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin states and gene expression. However, current knowledge of nuclear lamina in plants is limited compared to animals and humans. RESULTS This study mainly focused on elucidating the mechanism through which the putative nuclear lamina component protein KAKU4 regulates chromatin states and gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves. Thus, we constructed a network using the association proteins of lamin-like proteins, revealing that KAKU4 is strongly associated with chromatin or epigenetic modifiers. Then, we conducted ChIP-seq technology to generate global epigenomic profiles of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K9me2 in Arabidopsis leaves for mutant (kaku4-2) and wild-type (WT) plants alongside RNA-seq method to generate gene expression profiles. The comprehensive chromatin state-based analyses indicate that the knockdown of KAKU4 has the strongest effect on H3K27me3, followed by H3K9me2, and the least impact on H3K4me3, leading to significant changes in chromatin states in the Arabidopsis genome. We discovered that the knockdown of the KAKU4 gene caused a transition between two types of repressive epigenetics marks, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, in some specific PLAD regions. The combination analyses of epigenomic and transcriptomic data between the kaku4-2 mutant and WT suggested that KAKU4 may regulate key biological processes, such as programmed cell death and hormone signaling pathways, by affecting H3K27me3 modification in Arabidopsis leaves. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results indicated that KAKU4 is directly and/or indirectly associated with chromatin/epigenetic modifiers and demonstrated the essential roles of KAKU4 in regulating chromatin states, transcriptional regulation, and diverse biological processes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Huang P, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Wang X, Miao Y, Huang G, Fu YF, Feng X. The nuclear pore Y-complex functions as a platform for transcriptional regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:346-366. [PMID: 37877462 PMCID: PMC10827314 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has multiple functions beyond the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of large molecules. Subnuclear compartmentalization of chromatin is critical for gene expression in animals and yeast. However, the mechanism by which the NPC regulates gene expression is poorly understood in plants. Here we report that the Y-complex (Nup107-160 complex, a subcomplex of the NPC) self-maintains its nucleoporin homeostasis and modulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcription via changing histone modifications at this locus. We show that Y-complex nucleoporins are intimately associated with FLC chromatin through their interactions with histone H2A at the nuclear membrane. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assays revealed that Nup96, a Y-complex nucleoporin, enhances FLC positioning at the nuclear periphery. Nup96 interacted with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6), a key repressor of FLC expression via histone modification, at the nuclear membrane to attenuate HDA6-catalyzed deposition at the FLC locus and change histone modifications. Moreover, we demonstrate that Y-complex nucleoporins interact with RNA polymerase II to increase its occupancy at the FLC locus, facilitating transcription. Collectively, our findings identify an attractive mechanism for the Y-complex in regulating FLC expression via tethering the locus at the nuclear periphery and altering its histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Huang
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Hangzhou 310012, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guowen Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Hangzhou 310012, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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5
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Moser M, Groves NR, Meier I. Plant KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 have synergistic and antagonistic interactions with actin-branching and actin-bundling factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:73-87. [PMID: 37819623 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes consist of outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins, interacting in the nuclear envelope lumen with inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and connecting the nucleus and cytoskeleton. The paralogous Arabidopsis KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 function during stomatal dynamics induced by light-dark transitions and abscisic acid (ABA), which requires F-actin reorganization. SINE2 influences actin depolymerization and SINE1 actin repolymerization. The actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex, an actin nucleator, and the plant actin-bundling and -stabilizing factor SCAB1 are involved in stomatal aperture control. Here, we have tested the genetic interaction of SINE1 and SINE2 with SCAB1 and the ARP2/3 complex. We show that SINE1 and the ARP2/3 complex function in the same pathway during ABA-induced stomatal closure, while SINE2 and the ARP2/3 complex play opposing roles. The actin repolymerization defect observed in sine1-1 is partially rescued in scab1-2 sine1-1, while SINE2 is epistatic to SCAB1. In addition, SINE1 and ARP2/3 act synergistically in lateral root development. The absence of SINE2 renders trichome development independent of the ARP2/3 complex. Together, these data reveal complex and differential interactions of the two KASH proteins with the actin-remodeling apparatus and add evidence to the proposed differential role of SINE1 and SINE2 in actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Norman R Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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6
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Tang Y. Plant nuclear envelope as a hub connecting genome organization with regulation of gene expression. Nucleus 2023; 14:2178201. [PMID: 36794966 PMCID: PMC9980628 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2178201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells organize their genome within the nucleus with a double-layered membrane structure termed the nuclear envelope (NE) as the physical barrier. The NE not only shields the nuclear genome but also spatially separates transcription from translation. Proteins of the NE including nucleoskeleton proteins, inner nuclear membrane proteins, and nuclear pore complexes have been implicated in interacting with underlying genome and chromatin regulators to establish a higher-order chromatin architecture. Here, I summarize recent advances in the knowledge of NE proteins that are involved in chromatin organization, gene regulation, and coordination of transcription and mRNA export. These studies support an emerging view of plant NE as a central hub that contributes to chromatin organization and gene expression in response to various cellular and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
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7
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Wagner M, Song Y, Jiménez-Ruiz E, Härtle S, Meissner M. The SUN-like protein TgSLP1 is essential for nuclear division in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260337. [PMID: 37815466 PMCID: PMC10629696 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Connections between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton are important for positioning and division of the nucleus. In most eukaryotes, the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex spans the outer and inner nuclear membranes and connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. In opisthokonts, it is composed of Klarsicht, ANC-1 and Syne homology (KASH) domain proteins and Sad1 and UNC-84 (SUN) domain proteins. Given that the nucleus is positioned at the posterior pole of Toxoplasma gondii, we speculated that apicomplexan parasites must have a similar mechanism that integrates the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. Here, we identified three UNC family proteins in the genome of the apicomplexan parasite T. gondii. Whereas the UNC-50 protein TgUNC1 localised to the Golgi and appeared to be not essential for the parasite, the SUN domain protein TgSLP2 showed a diffuse pattern throughout the parasite. The second SUN domain protein, TgSLP1, was expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner and was localised close to the mitotic spindle and, more detailed, at the kinetochore. We demonstrate that conditional knockout of TgSLP1 leads to failure of nuclear division and loss of centrocone integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Wagner
- Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, LMU, Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Yuan Song
- Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, LMU, Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ruiz
- Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, LMU, Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, LMU, Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, LMU, Munich, 82152, Planegg, Germany
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8
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Yoshida MW, Oguri N, Goshima G. Physcomitrium patens SUN2 Mediates MTOC Association with the Nuclear Envelope and Facilitates Chromosome Alignment during Spindle Assembly. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1106-1117. [PMID: 37421143 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells lack centrosomes and instead utilize acentrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) to rapidly increase the number of microtubules at the onset of spindle assembly. Although several proteins required for MTOC formation have been identified, how the MTOC is positioned at the right place is not known. Here, we show that the inner nuclear membrane protein SUN2 is required for MTOC association with the nuclear envelope (NE) during mitotic prophase in the moss Physcomitrium patens. In actively dividing protonemal cells, microtubules accumulate around the NE during prophase. In particular, regional MTOC is formed at the apical surface of the nucleus. However, microtubule accumulation around the NE was impaired and apical MTOCs were mislocalized in sun2 knockout cells. Upon NE breakdown, the mitotic spindle was assembled with mislocalized MTOCs. However, completion of chromosome alignment in the spindle was delayed; in severe cases, the chromosome was transiently detached from the spindle body. SUN2 tended to localize to the apical surface of the nucleus during prophase in a microtubule-dependent manner. Based on these results, we propose that SUN2 facilitates the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes during spindle assembly by localizing microtubules to the NE. MTOC mispositioning was also observed during the first division of the gametophore tissue. Thus, this study suggests that microtubule-nucleus linking, a well-known function of SUN in animals and yeast, is conserved in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari W Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Noiri Oguri
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima-cho, Toba, 517-0004 Japan
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Wang B, Meng T, Xiao B, Yu T, Yue T, Jin Y, Ma P. Fighting wheat powdery mildew: from genes to fields. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:196. [PMID: 37606731 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Host resistance conferred by Pm genes provides an effective strategy to control powdery mildew. The study of Pm genes helps modern breeding develop toward more intelligent and customized. Powdery mildew of wheat is one of the most destructive diseases seriously threatening the crop yield and quality worldwide. The genetic research on powdery mildew (Pm) resistance has entered a new era. Many Pm genes from wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives have been mined and cloned. Meanwhile, modern breeding strategies based on high-throughput sequencing and genome editing are emerging and developing toward more intelligent and customized. This review highlights mining and cloning of Pm genes, molecular mechanism studies on the resistance and avirulence genes, and prospects for genomic-assisted breeding for powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Bei Xiao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Tianying Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Tingyan Yue
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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10
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Collins PP, Broad RC, Yogeeswaran K, Varsani A, Poole AM, Collings DA. Characterisation of the trans-membrane nucleoporins GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111719. [PMID: 37116717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore is structurally conserved across eukaryotes as are many of the pore's constituent proteins. The transmembrane nuclear pore proteins GP210 and NDC1 span the nuclear envelope holding the nuclear pore in place. Orthologues of GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis were investigated through characterisation of T-DNA insertional mutants. While the T-DNA insert into GP210 reduced expression of the gene, the insert in the NDC1 gene resulted in increased expression in both the ndc1 mutant as well as the ndc1/gp210 double mutant. The ndc1 and gp210 individual mutants showed little phenotypic difference from wild-type plants, but the ndc1/gp210 mutant showed a range of phenotypic effects. As with many plant nuclear pore protein mutants, these effects included non-nuclear phenotypes such as reduced pollen viability, reduced growth and glabrous leaves in mature plants. Importantly, however, ndc1/gp210 exhibited nuclear-specific effects including modifications to nuclear shape in different cell types. We also observed functional changes to nuclear transport in ndc1/gp210 plants, with low levels of cytoplasmic fluorescence observed in cells expressing nuclear-targeted GFP. The lack of phenotypes in individual insertional lines, and the relatively mild phenotype suggests that additional transmembrane nucleoporins, such as the recently-discovered CPR5, likely compensate for their loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Collins
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ronan C Broad
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Krithika Yogeeswaran
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony M Poole
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David A Collings
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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11
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ji W, Kang Z. A necessary considering factor for breeding: growth-defense tradeoff in plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:6. [PMID: 37676557 PMCID: PMC10441926 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security. Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease and to minimize crop losses. However, high level of genetic immunity to disease was often accompanied by an undesired reduction in crop growth and yield. Recently, literatures have been rapidly emerged in understanding the mechanism of disease resistance and development genes in crop plants. To determine how and why the costs and the likely benefit of resistance genes caused in crop varieties, we re-summarized the present knowledge about the crosstalk between plant development and disease resistance caused by those genes that function as plasma membrane residents, MAPK cassette, nuclear envelope (NE) channels components and pleiotropic regulators. Considering the growth-defense tradeoffs on the basis of current advances, finally, we try to understand and suggest that a reasonable balancing strategies based on the interplay between immunity with growth should be considered to enhance immunity capacity without yield penalty in future crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Studying Nuclear Dynamics in Response to Actin Disruption in Planta. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:203-214. [PMID: 36773235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant nucleus and the actin cytoskeleton are intimately connected. The actin cytoskeleton is pivotal for nuclear positioning, shape, and dynamics. These properties of the nucleus are important for its functions during normal development and in response to external cues such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we know that there is a direct physical connection between the actin cytoskeleton and the nucleus which spans the double-membraned nuclear envelope into the nuclear lamina, and this connection is called the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Recently a role for actin in regulating inter-nuclear organization via the control of nuclear invaginations has emerged. Therefore, a detailed understanding of nuclear shape, organization, and dynamics and the techniques used to measure and quantify these metrics will allow us to determine and further understand the contribution made by actin to these parameters. The protocols described here will allow researchers to determine the circularity index of a nucleus, quantify nuclear deformations, and determine dynamics of nuclei within plant cells.
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13
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Biel A, Moser M, Groves NR, Meier I. Distinct Roles for KASH Proteins SINE1 and SINE2 in Guard Cell Actin Reorganization, Calcium Oscillations, and Vacuolar Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:784342. [PMID: 35599883 PMCID: PMC9120628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.784342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is a protein complex spanning the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope. Outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins interact in the nuclear envelope lumen with inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins. The paralogous Arabidopsis KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 function during stomatal dynamics induced by light-dark transitions and ABA. Previous studies have shown F-actin organization, cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) oscillations, and vacuolar morphology changes are involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure. Here, we show that SINE1 and SINE2 are both required for actin pattern changes during ABA-induced stomatal closure, but influence different, temporally distinguishable steps. External Ca2+ partially overrides the mutant defects. ABA-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations are diminished in sine2-1 but not sine1-1, and this defect can be rescued by both exogenous Ca2+ and F-actin depolymerization. We show first evidence for nuclear Ca2+ oscillations during ABA-induced stomatal closure, which are disrupted in sine2-1. Vacuolar fragmentation is impaired in both mutants and is partially rescued by F-actin depolymerization. Together, these data indicate distinct roles for SINE1 and SINE2 upstream of this network of players involved in ABA-based stomatal closure, suggesting a role for the nuclear surface in guard cell ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Biel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Norman R. Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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14
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Calvanese E, Gu Y. Towards understanding inner nuclear membrane protein degradation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2266-2274. [PMID: 35139191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The inner nuclear membrane (INM) hosts a unique set of membrane proteins that play essential roles in various aspects of the nuclear function. However, overaccumulation or malfunction of INM protein has been associated with a range of rare genetic diseases; therefore, maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of INM proteins by active removal of aberrantly accumulated proteins and replacing defective molecules through proteolysis is of critical importance. Within the last decade, it has been shown that INM proteins are degraded in yeasts by a process very similar to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which is accomplished by retrotranslocation of membrane substrates followed by proteasome-dependent proteolysis, and this process was named inner nuclear membrane-associated degradation (INMAD). INMAD is distinguished from ERAD by specific INM-localized E3 ubiquitin ligases and proteolysis regulators. While much is yet to be determined about the INMAD pathway in yeasts, virtually no knowledge of it exists for higher eukaryotes, and only very recently have several critical regulators that participate in INM protein degradation been discovered in plants. Here, we review key molecular components of the INMAD pathway and draw parallels between the yeast and plant system to discuss promising directions in the future study of the plant INMAD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Calvanese
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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15
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Zhang X, Wang G, Qu X, Wang M, Guo H, Zhang L, Li T, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ji W. A truncated CC-NB-ARC gene TaRPP13L1-3D positively regulates powdery mildew resistance in wheat via the RanGAP-WPP complex-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttle. PLANTA 2022; 255:60. [PMID: 35133503 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wheat RPP13-like isoform interacting with WPP1 contributes to quantitative and/or basal resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) by restricting the development of Bgt conidia. Plant disease resistance (R) genes confer an ability to resist infection by pathogens expressing specific avirulence genes. Recognition of Peronospora parasitica 13-like (RPP13-like) genes belong to the nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) superfamily and play important roles in resistance to various plant diseases. Previously, we detected a TaRPP13-like gene located on chromosome 3D (TaRPP13L1-3D) in the TaSpl1 resided region, which is strongly induced by the cell death phenotype (Zhang et al. 2021). Here, we investigated the expression and functional role of TaRPP13L1-3D in wheat responding to fungal stress. TaRPP13L1-3D encoded a typical NB-ARC structure characterized by Rx-N and P-loop NTPase domains. TaRPP13L1-3D transcripts were strongly upregulated in wheat by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; Bgt) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst) infection although opposing expression patterns were observed in response to wheat-Bgt in incompatible and compatible backgrounds. Overexpression of TaRPP13L1-3D enhanced disease resistance to Bgt, accompanied by upregulation of the defense-related marker genes encoding phytoalexin-deficient4 (PAD4), thaumatin-like protein (TLP) and chitinase 8-like protein (Chi8L), while silencing of TaRPP13L1-3D disrupted the resistance to Bgt infection. Subcellular localization studies showed that TaRPP13L1-3D is located in both the plasma membrane and nucleus, while yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) assays indicated that TaRPP13L1-3D interacts with WPP domain-containing protein 1 (TaWPP1). This indicates that TaRPP13L1-3D shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm membrane via a mechanism that is mediated by the RanGAP-WPP complex in nuclear pores. This insight into TaRPP13L1-3D will be useful in dissecting the mechanism of fungal resistance in wheat, and understanding the interaction between R gene expression and pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Chen S, Lyanguzova M, Kaufhold R, Plevock Haase KM, Lee H, Arnaoutov A, Dasso M. Association of RanGAP to nuclear pore complex component, RanBP2/Nup358, is required for pupal development in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110151. [PMID: 34965423 PMCID: PMC11166264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran's GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP) is tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE) in multicellular organisms. We investigated the consequences of RanGAP localization in human tissue culture cells and Drosophila. In tissue culture cells, disruption of RanGAP1 NE localization surprisingly has neither obvious impacts on viability nor nucleocytoplasmic transport of a model substrate. In Drosophila, we identified a region within nucleoporin dmRanBP2 required for direct tethering of dmRanGAP to the NE. A dmRanBP2 mutant lacking this region shows no apparent growth defects during larval stages but arrests at the early pupal stage. A direct fusion of dmRanGAP to the dmRanBP2 mutant rescues this arrest, indicating that dmRanGAP recruitment to dmRanBP2 per se is necessary for the pupal ecdysis sequence. Our results indicate that while the NE localization of RanGAP is widely conserved in multicellular organisms, the targeting mechanisms are not. Further, we find a requirement for this localization during pupal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Chen
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lyanguzova
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ross Kaufhold
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen M Plevock Haase
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexei Arnaoutov
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Di Stefano M, Nützmann HW. Modeling the 3D genome of plants. Nucleus 2021; 12:65-81. [PMID: 34057011 PMCID: PMC8168717 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2021.1927503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes are the carriers of inheritable traits and define cell function and development. This is not only based on the linear DNA sequence of chromosomes but also on the additional molecular information they are associated with, including the transcription machinery, histone modifications, and their three-dimensional folding. The synergistic application of experimental approaches and computer simulations has helped to unveil how these organizational layers of the genome interplay in various organisms. However, such multidisciplinary approaches are still rarely explored in the plant kingdom. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on plant 3D genome organization and review recent efforts to integrate cutting-edge experiments from microscopy and next-generation sequencing approaches with theoretical models. Building on these recent approaches, we propose possible avenues to extend the application of theoretical modeling in the characterization of the 3D genome organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Stefano
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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18
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Fan J, Sun Z, Wang Y. The assembly of a noncanonical LINC complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2021; 68:91-96. [PMID: 34779871 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is a protein complex across the nuclear envelope and has maintained its general assembly mode throughout evolution. SUN and KASH proteins, which are the major components of LINC complex, interact with each other in the nuclear lumen to transmit forces across the nuclear envelope and have diverse functions. However, research of LINC complex in budding yeast has been limited due to the lack of identification of a canonical KASH protein and a cytoskeleton factor. Here, we review recent findings that addressed these puzzles in budding yeast. We highlight the distinct assembly model of the telomere-associated LINC complex in budding yeast, which could be beneficial for identifying LINC variants in other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Fan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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19
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Ayash M, Abukhalaf M, Thieme D, Proksch C, Heilmann M, Schattat MH, Hoehenwarter W. LC-MS Based Draft Map of the Arabidopsis thaliana Nuclear Proteome and Protein Import in Pattern Triggered Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:744103. [PMID: 34858452 PMCID: PMC8630587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite its central role as the ark of genetic information and gene expression the plant nucleus is surprisingly understudied. We isolated nuclei from the Arabidopsis thaliana dark grown cell culture left untreated and treated with flg22 and nlp20, two elicitors of pattern triggered immunity (PTI) in plants, respectively. An liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based discovery proteomics approach was used to measure the nuclear proteome fractions. An enrichment score based on the relative abundance of cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and Golgi markers in the nuclear protein fraction allowed us to curate the nuclear proteome producing high quality catalogs of around 3,000 nuclear proteins under untreated and both PTI conditions. The measurements also covered low abundant proteins including more than 100 transcription factors and transcriptional co-activators. We disclose a list of several hundred potentially dual targeted proteins including proteins not yet found before for further study. Protein import into the nucleus in plant immunity is known. Here we sought to gain a broader impression of this phenomenon employing our proteomics data and found 157 and 73 proteins to possibly be imported into the nucleus upon stimulus with flg22 and nlp20, respectively. Furthermore, the abundance of 93 proteins changed significantly in the nucleus following elicitation of immunity. These results suggest promiscuous ribosome assembly and a role of prohibitins and cytochrome C in the nucleus in PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ayash
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abukhalaf
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Domenika Thieme
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Carsten Proksch
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
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20
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Best NB, Addo-Quaye C, Kim BS, Weil CF, Schulz B, Johal G, Dilkes BP. Mutation of the nuclear pore complex component, aladin1, disrupts asymmetric cell division in Zea mays (maize). G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2021; 11:6300521. [PMID: 36351283 PMCID: PMC8495933 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates the movement of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Dysfunction of many components of the NPC results in human genetic diseases, including triple A syndrome (AAAS) as a result of mutations in ALADIN. Here, we report a nonsense mutation in the maize ortholog, aladin1 (ali1-1), at the orthologous amino acid residue of an AAAS allele from humans, alters plant stature, tassel architecture, and asymmetric divisions of subsidiary mother cells (SMCs). Crosses with the stronger nonsense allele ali1-2 identified complex allele interactions for plant height and aberrant SMC division. RNA-seq analysis of the ali1-1 mutant identified compensatory transcript accumulation for other NPC components as well as gene expression consequences consistent with conservation of ALADIN1 functions between humans and maize. These findings demonstrate that ALADIN1 is necessary for normal plant development, shoot architecture, and asymmetric cell division in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman B Best
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Charles Addo-Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Natural Sciences and Mathematics Division, Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, ID 83501, USA
| | - Bong-Suk Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clifford F Weil
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Guri Johal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brian P Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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21
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Deolal P, Mishra K. Regulation of diverse nuclear shapes: pathways working independently, together. Commun Integr Biol 2021; 14:158-175. [PMID: 34262635 PMCID: PMC8259725 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.1939942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound organelles provide physical and functional compartmentalization of biological processes in eukaryotic cells. The characteristic shape and internal organization of these organelles is determined by a combination of multiple internal and external factors. The maintenance of the shape of nucleus, which houses the genetic material within a double membrane bilayer, is crucial for a seamless spatio-temporal control over nuclear and cellular functions. Dynamic morphological changes in the shape of nucleus facilitate various biological processes. Chromatin packaging, nuclear and cytosolic protein organization, and nuclear membrane lipid homeostasis are critical determinants of overall nuclear morphology. As such, a multitude of molecular players and pathways act together to regulate the nuclear shape. Here, we review the known mechanisms governing nuclear shape in various unicellular and multicellular organisms, including the non-spherical nuclei and non-lamin-related structural determinants. The review also touches upon cellular consequences of aberrant nuclear morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deolal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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22
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You C, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wang X, Yao W, Jin W, Wang W, Hu X, Yang H. Proteomic Analysis of Generative and Vegetative Nuclei Reveals Molecular Characteristics of Pollen Cell Differentiation in Lily. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641517. [PMID: 34163497 PMCID: PMC8215658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the cell fates of a vegetative cell (VC) and generative cell (GC) are determined after the asymmetric division of the haploid microspore. The VC exits the cell cycle and grows a pollen tube, while the GC undergoes further mitosis to produce two sperm cells for double fertilization. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their fate differentiation remains limited. One major advantage of the nuclear proteome analysis is that it is the only method currently able to uncover the systemic differences between VC and GC due to GC being engulfed within the cytoplasm of VC, limiting the use of transcriptome. Here, we obtained pure preparations of the vegetative cell nuclei (VNs) and generative cell nuclei (GNs) from germinating lily pollens. Utilizing these high-purity VNs and GNs, we compared the differential nucleoproteins between them using state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic techniques. We identified 720 different amount proteins (DAPs) and grouped the results in 11 fate differentiation categories. Among them, we identified 29 transcription factors (TFs) and 10 cell fate determinants. Significant differences were found in the molecular activities of vegetative and reproductive nuclei. The TFs in VN mainly participate in pollen tube development. In comparison, the TFs in GN are mainly involved in cell differentiation and male gametogenesis. The identified novel TFs may play an important role in cell fate differentiation. Our data also indicate differences in nuclear pore complexes and epigenetic modifications: more nucleoporins synthesized in VN; more histone variants and chaperones; and structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins, chromatin remodelers, and DNA methylation-related proteins expressed in GN. The VC has active macromolecular metabolism and mRNA processing, while GC has active nucleic acid metabolism and translation. Moreover, the members of unfolded protein response (UPR) and programmed cell death accumulate in VN, and DNA damage repair is active in GN. Differences in the stress response of DAPs in VN vs. GN were also found. This study provides a further understanding of pollen cell differentiation mechanisms and also a sound basis for future studies of the molecular mechanisms behind cell fate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen You
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - YuPing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ShaoYu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WeiHuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XiuLi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Dubos T, Poulet A, Gonthier-Gueret C, Mougeot G, Vanrobays E, Li Y, Tutois S, Pery E, Chausse F, Probst AV, Tatout C, Desset S. Automated 3D bio-imaging analysis of nuclear organization by NucleusJ 2.0. Nucleus 2021; 11:315-329. [PMID: 33153359 PMCID: PMC7714466 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1845012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NucleusJ 1.0, an ImageJ plugin, is a useful tool to analyze nuclear morphology and chromatin organization in plant and animal cells. NucleusJ 2.0 is a new release of NucleusJ, in which image processing is achieved more quickly using a command-lineuser interface. Starting with large collection of 3D nuclei, segmentation can be performed by the previously developed Otsu-modified method or by a new 3D gift-wrapping method, taking better account of nuclear indentations and unstained nucleoli. These two complementary methods are compared for their accuracy by using three types of datasets available to the community at https://www.brookes.ac.uk/indepth/images/ . Finally, NucleusJ 2.0 was evaluated using original plant genetic material by assessing its efficiency on nuclei stained with DNA dyes or after 3D-DNA Fluorescence in situ hybridization. With these improvements, NucleusJ 2.0 permits the generation of large user-curated datasets that will be useful for software benchmarking or to train convolution neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Dubos
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Axel Poulet
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Guillaume Mougeot
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58.,Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanuel Vanrobays
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Tutois
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Emilie Pery
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Chausse
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aline V Probst
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Christophe Tatout
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Sophie Desset
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
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24
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Evans DE, Mermet S, Tatout C. Advancing knowledge of the plant nuclear periphery and its application for crop science. Nucleus 2021; 11:347-363. [PMID: 33295233 PMCID: PMC7746251 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1838697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore recent advances in knowledge of the structure and dynamics of the plant nuclear envelope. As a paradigm, we focused our attention on the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, a structurally conserved bridging complex comprising SUN domain proteins in the inner nuclear membrane and KASH domain proteins in the outer nuclear membrane. Studies have revealed that this bridging complex has multiple functions with structural roles in positioning the nucleus within the cell, conveying signals across the membrane and organizing chromatin in the 3D nuclear space with impact on gene transcription. We also provide an up-to-date survey in nuclear dynamics research achieved so far in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that highlights its potential impact on several key plant functions such as growth, seed maturation and germination, reproduction and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Finally, we bring evidences that most of the constituents of the LINC Complex and associated components are, with some specificities, conserved in monocot and dicot crop species and are displaying very similar functions to those described for Arabidopsis. This leads us to suggest that a better knowledge of this system and a better account of its potential applications will in the future enhance the resilience and productivity of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Mermet
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Tatout
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
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25
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Yuan L, Pan J, Zhu S, Li Y, Yao J, Li Q, Fang S, Liu C, Wang X, Li B, Chen W, Zhang Y. Evolution and Functional Divergence of SUN Genes in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646622. [PMID: 33763102 PMCID: PMC7982736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SUN-domain containing proteins are crucial nuclear membrane proteins involved in a plethora of biological functions, including meiosis, nuclear morphology, and embryonic development, but their evolutionary history and functional divergence are obscure. In all, 216 SUN proteins from protists, fungi, and plants were divided into two monophyletic clades (Cter-SUN and Mid-SUN). We performed comprehensive evolutionary analyses, investigating the characteristics of different subfamilies in plants. Mid-SUNs further evolved into two subgroups, SUN3 and SUN5, before the emergence of the ancestor of angiosperms, while Cter-SUNs retained one subfamily of SUN1. The two clades were distinct from each other in the conserved residues of the SUN domain, the TM motif, and exon/intron structures. The gene losses occurred with equal frequency between these two clades, but duplication events of Mid-SUNs were more frequent. In cotton, SUN3 proteins are primarily expressed in petals and stamens and are moderately expressed in other tissues, whereas SUN5 proteins are specifically expressed in mature pollen. Virus-induced knock-down and the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of GbSUN5 both showed higher ratios of aborted seeds, although pollen viability remained normal. Our results indicated divergence of biological function between SUN3 and SUN5, and that SUN5 plays an important role in reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shouhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jinbo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qiulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shengtao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yongshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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26
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LINC complex regulation of genome organization and function. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 67:130-141. [PMID: 33524904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of genomic function is in part mediated through the physical organization and architecture of the nucleus. Disruption to nuclear organization and architecture is increasingly being recognized by its contribution to many diseases. The LINC complexes - protein structures traversing the nuclear envelope, that physically connect the nuclear interior, and hence the genome, to cytoplasmic cytoskeletal networks are an important component in the physical organization of the genome and its function. This connection, potentially allows for the constant detection of environmental mechanical stimuli, resulting in altered regulation of nuclear architecture and genome function, either directly or via the process of mechanotransduction. Here, we review the influences LINC complexes exert on genome functions and their impact on cellular/organismal health.
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27
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Goto C, Hara-Nishimura I, Tamura K. Regulation and Physiological Significance of the Nuclear Shape in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:673905. [PMID: 34177991 PMCID: PMC8222917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.673905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The shape of plant nuclei varies among different species, tissues, and cell types. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, nuclei in meristems and guard cells are nearly spherical, whereas those of epidermal cells in differentiated tissues are elongated spindle-shaped. The vegetative nuclei in pollen grains are irregularly shaped in angiosperms. In the past few decades, it has been revealed that several nuclear envelope (NE) proteins play the main role in the regulation of the nuclear shape in plants. Some plant NE proteins that regulate nuclear shape are also involved in nuclear or cellular functions, such as nuclear migration, maintenance of chromatin structure, gene expression, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling, plant growth, reproduction, and plant immunity. The shape of the nucleus has been assessed both by labeling internal components (for instance chromatin) and by labeling membranes, including the NE or endoplasmic reticulum in interphase cells and viral-infected cells of plants. Changes in NE are correlated with the formation of invaginations of the NE, collectively called the nucleoplasmic reticulum. In this review, what is known and what is unknown about nuclear shape determination are presented, and the physiological significance of the control of the nuclear shape in plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kentaro Tamura,
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28
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Moser M, Kirkpatrick A, Groves NR, Meier I. LINC-complex mediated positioning of the vegetative nucleus is involved in calcium and ROS signaling in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Nucleus 2020; 11:149-163. [PMID: 32631106 PMCID: PMC7529407 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1783783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear movement and positioning play a role in developmental processes throughout life. Nuclear movement and positioning are mediated primarily by linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. LINC complexes are comprised of the inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) KASH proteins. In Arabidopsis pollen tubes, the vegetative nucleus (VN) maintains a fixed distance from the pollen tube tip during growth, and the VN precedes the sperm cells (SCs). In pollen tubes of wit12 and wifi, mutants deficient in the ONM component of a plant LINC complex, the SCs precede the VN during pollen tube growth and the fixed VN distance from the tip is lost. Subsequently, pollen tubes frequently fail to burst upon reception. In this study, we sought to determine if the pollen tube reception defect observed in wit12 and wifi is due to decreased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that wit12 and wifi are hyposensitive to exogenous H2O2, and that this hyposensitivity is correlated with decreased proximity of the VN to the pollen tube tip. Additionally, we report the first instance of nuclear Ca2+ peaks in growing pollen tubes, which are disrupted in the wit12 mutant. In the wit12 mutant, nuclear Ca2+ peaks are reduced in response to exogenous ROS, but these peaks are not correlated with pollen tube burst. This study finds that VN proximity to the pollen tube tip is required for both response to exogenous ROS, as well as internal nuclear Ca2+ fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Kirkpatrick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Norman Reid Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
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29
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Groves NR, Biel A, Moser M, Mendes T, Amstutz K, Meier I. Recent advances in understanding the biological roles of the plant nuclear envelope. Nucleus 2020; 11:330-346. [PMID: 33161800 PMCID: PMC7746247 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1846836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the plant nuclear envelope is gaining increasing attention through new connections made between nuclear envelope-associated proteins and important plant biological processes. Animal nuclear envelope proteins play roles in nuclear morphology, nuclear anchoring and movement, chromatin tethering and mechanical signaling. However, how these roles translate to functionality in a broader biological context is often not well understood. A surprising number of plant nuclear envelope-associated proteins are plant-unique, suggesting that separate functionalities evolved after the split of Opisthokonta and Streptophyta. Significant progress has now been made in discovering broader biological roles of plant nuclear envelope proteins, increasing the number of known plant nuclear envelope proteins, and connecting known proteins to chromatin organization, gene expression, and the regulation of nuclear calcium. The interaction of viruses with the plant nuclear envelope is another emerging theme. Here, we survey the recent developments in this still relatively new, yet rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Reid Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alecia Biel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Mendes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katelyn Amstutz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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30
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Goto C, Tamura K, Nishimaki S, Maruyama D, Hara-Nishimura I. The nuclear envelope protein KAKU4 determines the migration order of the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells in pollen tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6273-6281. [PMID: 32777040 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A putative component protein of the nuclear lamina, KAKU4, modulates nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but its physiological significance is unknown. KAKU4 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, each of which has a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. KAKU4 protein was highly abundant on the envelopes of vegetative nuclei and less abundant on the envelopes of sperm cell nuclei in pollen grains and elongating pollen tubes. Vegetative nuclei are irregularly shaped in wild-type pollen. However, KAKU4 deficiency caused them to become more spherical. After a pollen grain germinates, the vegetative nuclei and sperm cells enter and move along the pollen tube. In the wild type, the vegetative nucleus preceded the sperm cell nuclei in >90% of the pollen tubes, whereas, in kaku4 mutants, the vegetative nucleus preceded the sperm cell nuclei in only about half of the pollen tubes. kaku4 pollen was less competitive for fertilization than wild-type pollen after pollination. These results led us to hypothesize that the nuclear shape in vegetative cells of pollen grains affects the orderly migration of the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nishimaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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31
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Goswami R, Asnacios A, Hamant O, Chabouté ME. Is the plant nucleus a mechanical rheostat? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:155-163. [PMID: 33128898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its biochemical nature, the nucleus is also a physical object. There is accumulating evidence that its mechanics plays a key role in gene expression, cytoskeleton organization, and more generally in cell and developmental biology. Building on data mainly obtained from the animal literature, we show how nuclear mechanics may orchestrate development and gene expression. In other words, the nucleus may play the additional role of a mechanical rheostat. Although data from plant systems are still scarce, we pinpoint recent advances and highlight some differences with animal systems. Building on this survey, we propose a list of prospects for future research in plant nuclear mechanotransduction and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Goswami
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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32
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Sepsi A, Schwarzacher T. Chromosome-nuclear envelope tethering - a process that orchestrates homologue pairing during plant meiosis? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243667. [PMID: 32788229 PMCID: PMC7438012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous and heterologous chromosomes can also lead to recombination (ectopic recombination), a highly deleterious process that rapidly compromises genome integrity. To avoid ectopic exchange, homology recognition must be extended from the narrow position of a crossover-competent double-strand break to the entire chromosome. Here, we review advances on chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase I in higher plants, by integrating centromere- and telomere dynamics driven by cytoskeletal motor proteins, into the processes of homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination. Centromere-centromere associations and the gathering of telomeres at the onset of meiosis at opposite nuclear poles create a spatially organised and restricted nuclear state in which homologous DNA interactions are favoured but ectopic interactions also occur. The release and dispersion of centromeres from the nuclear periphery increases the motility of chromosome arms, allowing meiosis-specific movements that disrupt ectopic interactions. Subsequent expansion of interstitial synapsis from numerous homologous interactions further corrects ectopic interactions. Movement and organisation of chromosomes, thus, evolved to facilitate the pairing process, and can be modulated by distinct stages of chromatin associations at the nuclear envelope and their collective release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Sepsi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science (ABÉT), 1111, Budapest, Mu˝ egyetem rkp. 3-9., Hungary
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- University of Leicester, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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33
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Tang Y, Huang A, Gu Y. Global profiling of plant nuclear membrane proteome in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:838-847. [PMID: 32601417 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is structurally and functionally vital for eukaryotic cells, yet its protein constituents and their functions are poorly understood in plants. Here, we combined subtractive proteomics and proximity-labelling technology coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry to understand the landscape of NE membrane proteins in Arabidopsis. We identified ~200 potential candidates for plant NE transmembrane (PNET) proteins, which unravelled the compositional diversity and uniqueness of the plant NE. One of the candidates, named PNET1, is a homologue of human TMEM209, a critical driver for lung cancer. A functional investigation revealed that PNET1 is a bona fide nucleoporin in plants. It displays both physical and genetic interactions with the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and is essential for embryo development and reproduction in different NPC contexts. Our study substantially enlarges the plant NE proteome and sheds new light on the membrane composition and function of the NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aobo Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK.
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35
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Goto C, Hashizume S, Fukao Y, Hara-Nishimura I, Tamura K. Comprehensive nuclear proteome of Arabidopsis obtained by sequential extraction. Nucleus 2020; 10:81-92. [PMID: 30961429 PMCID: PMC6527390 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1603093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nucleus plays key roles in fundamental cellular processes, including DNA replication, chromatin maintenance, transcription, and translation. To better understand the functional diversity of nuclei, we developed a method for the comprehensive extraction of the nuclear proteome from Arabidopsis. We used a buffer with a high sucrose concentration to purify nuclei and then conducted solubility-based fractionation to increase proteome coverage. We identified 1539 proteins and two novel nuclear envelope (NE) proteins in the nuclear fraction of Arabidopsis cultured cells. The localization of 25 proteins was determined by GFP fusion analyses; 23 of these proteins were localized either in the nucleus or the NE-associated endoplasmic reticulum. This result was indicative of the high quality of the proteome. These findings will be useful for clarifying novel nuclear functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- a Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shoko Hashizume
- b Department of Botany , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- c Department of Bioinformatics , College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Shiga , Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tamura
- e Department of Environmental and Life Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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36
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Hölper JE, Klupp BG, Luxton GWG, Franzke K, Mettenleiter TC. Function of Torsin AAA+ ATPases in Pseudorabies Virus Nuclear Egress. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030738. [PMID: 32192107 PMCID: PMC7140721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly assembled herpesvirus nucleocapsids traverse the intact nuclear envelope by a vesicle-mediated nucleo-cytoplasmic transport for final virion maturation in the cytoplasm. For this, they bud at the inner nuclear membrane resulting in primary enveloped particles in the perinuclear space (PNS) followed by fusion of the primary envelope with the outer nuclear membrane (ONM). While the conserved viral nuclear egress complex orchestrates the first steps, effectors of fusion of the primary virion envelope with the ONM are still mostly enigmatic but might include cellular proteins like SUN2 or ESCRT-III components. Here, we analyzed the influence of the only known AAA+ ATPases located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the PNS, the Torsins (Tor), on nuclear egress of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus. For this overexpression of wild type and mutant proteins as well as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was applied. Neither single overexpression nor gene knockout (KO) of TorA or TorB had a significant impact. However, TorA/B double KO cells showed decreased viral titers at early time points of infection and an accumulation of primary virions in the PNS pointing to a delay in capsid release during nuclear egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Hölper
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (J.E.H.); (B.G.K.)
| | - Barbara G. Klupp
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (J.E.H.); (B.G.K.)
| | - G. W. Gant Luxton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (J.E.H.); (B.G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-71250; Fax: +49-38351-71151
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Biel A, Moser M, Meier I. A Role for Plant KASH Proteins in Regulating Stomatal Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1100-1113. [PMID: 31767690 PMCID: PMC6997697 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement, which regulates gas exchange in plants, is controlled by a variety of environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses. The stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) initiates a signaling cascade, which leads to increased H2O2 and Ca2+ levels and F-actin reorganization, but the mechanism of, and connection between, these events is unclear. SINE1, an outer nuclear envelope component of a plant Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton complex, associates with F-actin and is, along with its putative paralog SINE2, expressed in guard cells. Here, we have determined that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SINE1 and SINE2 play an important role in stomatal opening and closing. Loss of SINE1 or SINE2 results in ABA hyposensitivity and impaired stomatal dynamics but does not affect stomatal closure induced by the bacterial elicitor flg22. The ABA-induced stomatal closure phenotype is, in part, attributed to impairments in Ca2+ and F-actin regulation. Together, the data suggest that SINE1 and SINE2 act downstream of ABA but upstream of Ca2+ and F-actin. While there is a large degree of functional overlap between the two proteins, there are also critical differences. Our study makes an unanticipated connection between stomatal regulation and nuclear envelope-associated proteins, and adds two new players to the increasingly complex system of guard cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Biel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Pradillo M, Evans D, Graumann K. The nuclear envelope in higher plant mitosis and meiosis. Nucleus 2019; 10:55-66. [PMID: 30879391 PMCID: PMC6527396 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1587277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis and meiosis in higher plants involve significant reconfiguration of the nuclear envelope and the proteins that interact with it. The dynamic series of events involves a range of interactions, movement, breakdown, and reformation of this complex system. Recently, progress has been made in identifying and characterizing the protein and membrane interactome that performs these complex tasks, including constituents of the nuclear envelope, the cytoskeleton, nucleoskeleton, and chromatin. This review will present the current understanding of these interactions and advances in knowledge of the processes for the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope during cell divisions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pradillo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Gumber HK, McKenna JF, Tolmie AF, Jalovec AM, Kartick AC, Graumann K, Bass HW. MLKS2 is an ARM domain and F-actin-associated KASH protein that functions in stomatal complex development and meiotic chromosome segregation. Nucleus 2019; 10:144-166. [PMID: 31221013 PMCID: PMC6649574 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1629795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is an essential multi-protein structure spanning the eukaryotic nuclear envelope. The LINC complex functions to maintain nuclear architecture, positioning, and mobility, along with specialized functions in meiotic prophase and chromosome segregation. Members of the LINC complex were recently identified in maize, an important scientific and agricultural grass species. Here we characterized Maize LINC KASH AtSINE-like2, MLKS2, which encodes a highly conserved SINE-group plant KASH protein with characteristic N-terminal armadillo repeats (ARM). Using a heterologous expression system, we showed that actively expressed GFP-MLKS2 is targeted to the nuclear periphery and colocalizes with F-actin and the endoplasmic reticulum, but not microtubules in the cell cortex. Expression of GFP-MLKS2, but not GFP-MLKS2ΔARM, resulted in nuclear anchoring. Genetic analysis of transposon-insertion mutations, mlks2-1 and mlks2-2, showed that the mutant phenotypes were pleiotropic, affecting root hair nuclear morphology, stomatal complex development, multiple aspects of meiosis, and pollen viability. In male meiosis, the mutants showed defects for bouquet-stage telomere clustering, nuclear repositioning, perinuclear actin accumulation, dispersal of late prophase bivalents, and meiotic chromosome segregation. These findings support a model in which the nucleus is connected to cytoskeletal F-actin through the ARM-domain, predicted alpha solenoid structure of MLKS2. Functional conservation of MLKS2 was demonstrated through genetic rescue of the misshapen nuclear phenotype of an Arabidopsis (triple-WIP) KASH mutant. This study establishes a role for the SINE-type KASH proteins in affecting the dynamic nuclear phenomena required for normal plant growth and fertility. Abbreviations: FRAP: Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; DPI: Days post infiltration; OD: Optical density; MLKS2: Maize LINC KASH AtSINE-like2; LINC: Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton; NE: Nuclear envelope; INM: Inner nuclear membrane; ONM: Outer nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep K. Gumber
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Joseph F. McKenna
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea F. Tolmie
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexis M. Jalovec
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andre C. Kartick
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Hank W. Bass
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Zhang S, Liu J, Xue X, Tan K, Wang C, Su H. The migration direction of hair cell nuclei is closely related to the perinuclear actin filaments in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:783-789. [PMID: 31551150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear migration in Arabidopsis root hairs is bidirectional and relies on actin filaments. However, how actin filaments regulate the bidirectional movement of nuclei remains unclear. Here, we discovered that nuclei migrate forward and backward according to the developmental stage of the hair cells. In addition, the migration direction of nuclei was not constant but reversed occasionally, accompanied by nuclear shape changes. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that perinuclear actin bundles were closely related to the migration and shape of hair cell nuclei. Pharmacological studies showed that SMIFH2, an inhibitor of the actin nucleator-formin, inhibited nuclear backward migration probably by impairing the perinuclear actin filaments. These data indicate that nuclear migration in hair cells is likely motivated by the competition of mechanical forces acting on the nucleus. Furthermore, the perinuclear actin filaments are closely related to the migration direction of hair cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiuhua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hui Su
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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41
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Groves NR, McKenna JF, Evans DE, Graumann K, Meier I. A nuclear localization signal targets tail-anchored membrane proteins to the inner nuclear envelope in plants. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs226134. [PMID: 30858196 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein targeting to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) is one of the least understood protein targeting pathways. INM proteins are important for chromatin organization, nuclear morphology and movement, and meiosis, and have been implicated in human diseases. In opisthokonts, one mechanism for INM targeting is transport factor-mediated trafficking, in which nuclear localization signals (NLSs) function in nuclear import of transmembrane proteins. To explore whether this pathway exists in plants, we fused the SV40 NLS to a plant ER tail-anchored protein and showed that the GFP-tagged fusion protein was significantly enriched at the nuclear envelope (NE) of leaf epidermal cells. Airyscan subdiffraction limited confocal microscopy showed that this protein displays a localization consistent with an INM protein. Nine different monopartite and bipartite NLSs from plants and opisthokonts, fused to a chimeric tail-anchored membrane protein, were all sufficient for NE enrichment, and both monopartite and bipartite NLSs were sufficient for trafficking to the INM. Tolerance for different linker lengths and protein conformations suggests that INM trafficking rules might differ from those in opisthokonts. The INM proteins developed here can be used to target new functionalities to the plant nuclear periphery. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph F McKenna
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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42
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Jahed Z, Fadavi D, Vu UT, Asgari E, Luxton GWG, Mofrad MRK. Molecular Insights into the Mechanisms of SUN1 Oligomerization in the Nuclear Envelope. Biophys J 2019. [PMID: 29539404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The LINC complex is found in a wide variety of organisms and is formed by the transluminal interaction between outer- and inner-nuclear-membrane KASH and SUN proteins, respectively. Most extensively studied are SUN1 and SUN2 proteins, which are widely expressed in mammals. Although SUN1 and SUN2 play functionally redundant roles in several cellular processes, more recent studies have revealed diverse and distinct functions for SUN1. While several recent in vitro structural studies have revealed the molecular details of various fragments of SUN2, no such structural information is available for SUN1. Herein, we conduct a systematic analysis of the molecular relationships between SUN1 and SUN2, highlighting key similarities and differences that could lead to clues into their distinct functions. We use a wide range of computational tools, including multiple sequence alignments, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations, to predict structural differences between SUN1 and SUN2, with the goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SUN1 oligomerization in the nuclear envelope. Our simulations suggest that the structural model of SUN1 is stable in a trimeric state and that SUN1 trimers can associate through their SUN domains to form lateral complexes. We also ask whether SUN1 could adopt an inactive monomeric conformation as seen in SUN2. Our results imply that the KASH binding domain of SUN1 is also inhibited in monomeric SUN1 but through weaker interactions than in monomeric SUN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Darya Fadavi
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Uyen T Vu
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Ehsaneddin Asgari
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
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43
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Gumber HK, McKenna JF, Estrada AL, Tolmie AF, Graumann K, Bass HW. Identification and characterization of genes encoding the nuclear envelope LINC complex in the monocot species Zea mays. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.221390. [PMID: 30659121 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton to cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is an essential multi-protein structure spanning the nuclear envelope. It connects the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm, functions to maintain nuclear shape and architecture and regulates chromosome dynamics during cell division. Knowledge of LINC complex composition and function in the plant kingdom is primarily limited to Arabidopsis, but critically missing from the evolutionarily distant monocots, which include grasses, the most important agronomic crops worldwide. To fill this knowledge gap, we identified and characterized 22 maize genes, including a new grass-specific KASH gene family. By using bioinformatic, biochemical and cell biological approaches, we provide evidence that representative KASH candidates localize to the nuclear periphery and interact with Zea mays (Zm)SUN2 in vivo FRAP experiments using domain deletion constructs verified that this SUN-KASH interaction was dependent on the SUN but not the coiled-coil domain of ZmSUN2. A summary working model is proposed for the entire maize LINC complex encoded by conserved and divergent gene families. These findings expand our knowledge of the plant nuclear envelope in a model grass species, with implications for both basic and applied cellular research.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep K Gumber
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Joseph F McKenna
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - Amado L Estrada
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Andrea F Tolmie
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - Hank W Bass
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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44
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Newman-Griffis AH, Del Cerro P, Charpentier M, Meier I. Medicago LINC Complexes Function in Nuclear Morphology, Nuclear Movement, and Root Nodule Symbiosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:491-506. [PMID: 30530738 PMCID: PMC6426413 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear movement is involved in cellular and developmental processes across eukaryotic life, often driven by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, which bridge the nuclear envelope (NE) via the interaction of Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne-1 Homology (KASH) and Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN) proteins. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) LINC complexes are involved in nuclear movement and positioning in several cell types. Observations since the 1950s have described targeted nuclear movement and positioning during symbiosis initiation between legumes and rhizobia, but it has not been established whether these movements are functional or incidental. Here, we identify and characterize LINC complexes in the model legume Medicago truncatula We show that LINC complex characteristics such as NE localization, dependence of KASH proteins on SUN protein binding for NE enrichment, and direct SUN-KASH binding are conserved between plant species. Using a SUN dominant-negative strategy, we demonstrate that LINC complexes are necessary for proper nuclear shaping and movement in Medicago root hairs, and are important for infection thread initiation and nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Newman-Griffis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pablo Del Cerro
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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45
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Abstract
Nuclear positioning plays an essential role in defining cell architecture and behaviour in both development and disease, and nuclear location frequently adjusts according to internal and external cues. For instance, during periods of migration in many cell types, the nucleus may be actively repositioned behind the microtubule-organising centre. Nuclear movement, for the most part, is dependent upon coupling of the cytoskeleton to the nuclear periphery. This is accomplished largely through SUN and KASH domain proteins, which together assemble to form LINC (linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes spanning the nuclear envelope. SUN proteins of the inner nuclear membrane provide a connection to nuclear structures while acting as a tether for outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins. The latter contain binding sites for diverse cytoskeletal components. Recent publications highlight new aspects of LINC complex regulation revealing that the interplay between SUN and KASH partners can strongly influence how the nucleus functionally engages with different branches of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Burke
- Institute for Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos , 138648, Singapore
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46
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Jarad M, Mariappan K, Almeida-Trapp M, Mette MF, Mithöfer A, Rayapuram N, Hirt H. The Lamin-Like LITTLE NUCLEI 1 (LINC1) Regulates Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Jasmonic Acid Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1639. [PMID: 31998332 PMCID: PMC6963418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition occurs by plasma membrane located receptors that induce among other processes nuclear gene expression. However, signaling to the nuclear compartment is restricted by the nuclear envelope and nuclear pore complexes. We show here that among the four Arabidopsis lamin homologs LITTLE NUCLEI/CROWDED NUCLEI (LINC/CRWN), LINC1 plays an important role in PTI and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. We show that linc1 knock out mutants affect PAMP-triggered MAPK activation and growth inhibition, but not reactive oxygen species or callose accumulation. We also demonstrate that linc1 mutants are compromised in regulating PAMP-triggered pathogen-related genes, in particular encoding factors involved in JA signaling and responses. Expression of a number of JAZ domain proteins, the key JA-related transcription factor MYC2 as well as key MYB transcription factors and biosynthesis genes of both the indole and aliphatic glucosinolate pathways are changed in linc1 mutants. Moreover, PAMP triggers JA and JA-Ile accumulation in linc1 mutants, whereas salicylic acid levels are unchanged. Despite impairment in PAMP-triggered immunity, linc1 mutants still show basal immunity towards Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 strains. High JA levels usually render plants resistant to necrotrophic pathogen. Thus, linc1 mutants show enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. In accordance with a general role of LINC1 in JA signaling, linc1 mutants are hypersensitive to growth inhibition to external JA. In summary, our findings show that the lamin-like LINC1 protein plays a key role in JA signaling and regulation of PTI responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Jarad
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga Mariappan
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Florian Mette
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Heribert Hirt,
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47
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Shah MNA, Arabia S, Islam T, Ghosh A. Molecular evolution of SUN-domain containing proteins in diverse plant species and their expression profiling in response to developmental and perturbation stimuli. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:28-42. [PMID: 30359793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
SUN (Sad1/UNC-84) domain-containing proteins are highly conserved throughout evolution. They are localized to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope and are involved in nuclear migration and nucleoskeleton formation. In the present study, a genome-wide investigation was performed in three dicotyledonous (Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max and Medicago truncatula) and three monocotyledonous (Oryza sativa, Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor) plants. A total of 56 SUN proteins encoded by 30 genes were identified. Based on their length, transmembrane topology, conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships, they could be divided into two previously defined groups- Cter-SUN and mid-SUN proteins. Expression of these genes was analyzed in different developmental stages, tissues and various unfavorable conditions such as salinity, drought, and hormonal treatment. Analyses indicated that the expression of SUN1/2 transcripts are ubiquitous; that of SUN3/4 are development/tissue regulated, and SUN5 are inflorescence stage-specific. This study provides an initial framework for the characterization and functional validation of the plant SUN family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Ahad Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shatil Arabia
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Islam
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
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48
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Wu SZ, Yamada M, Mallett DR, Bezanilla M. Cytoskeletal discoveries in the plant lineage using the moss Physcomitrella patens. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1683-1693. [PMID: 30382556 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell biology have been largely driven by pioneering work in model systems, the majority of which are from one major eukaryotic lineage, the opisthokonts. However, with the explosion of genomic information in many lineages, it has become clear that eukaryotes have incredible diversity in many cellular systems, including the cytoskeleton. By identifying model systems in diverse lineages, it may be possible to begin to understand the evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Within the plant lineage, cell biological studies in the model moss, Physcomitrella patens, have over the past decade provided key insights into how the cytoskeleton drives cell and tissue morphology. Here, we review P. patens attributes that make it such a rich resource for cytoskeletal cell biological inquiry and highlight recent key findings with regard to intracellular transport, microtubule-actin interactions, and gene discovery that promises for many years to provide new cytoskeletal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zon Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Moe Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Darren R Mallett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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49
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Burke B. LINC complexes as regulators of meiosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:22-29. [PMID: 29414590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a key processes of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. By combining two cell division cycles with a single round of DNA replication meiosis provides a mechanism to generate haploid gametes. Coincidentally, processes involved in ensuring appropriate segregation of homologous chromosomes also result in genetic recombination and shuffling of genes between each generation. During the first meiotic prophase, rapid telomere-led chromosome movements facilitate alignment and pairing of homologous chromosomes. Forces that produce these movements are generated by the cytoskeleton. Force transmission across the nuclear envelope is dependent upon LINC complexes. These structures consist of SUN and KASH domain proteins that span the two nuclear membranes. Together they represent a pair of links in a molecular chain that couples telomeres to the cytoskeleton. In addition to their force transducing role, LINC complexes also have essential functions ensuring the fidelity of recombination between homologous chromosomes. In this way, LINC complexes are now seen as playing an active and integral role in meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, 06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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Zeng X, Li K, Yuan R, Gao H, Luo J, Liu F, Wu Y, Wu G, Yan X. Nuclear Envelope-Associated Chromosome Dynamics during Meiotic Prophase I. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 5:121. [PMID: 29376050 PMCID: PMC5767173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome dynamics during meiotic prophase I are associated with a series of major events such as chromosomal reorganization and condensation, pairing/synapsis and recombination of the homologs, and chromosome movements at the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is the barrier separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm and thus plays a central role in NE-associated chromosomal movements during meiosis. Previous studies have shown in various species that NE-linked chromosome dynamics are actually driven by the cytoskeleton. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes are important constituents of the NE that facilitate in the transfer of cytoskeletal forces across the NE to individual chromosomes. The LINCs consist of the inner and outer NE proteins Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN), and Klarsicht/Anc-1/Syne (KASH) domain proteins. Meiosis-specific adaptations of the LINC components and unique modifications of the NE are required during chromosomal movements. Nonetheless, the actual role of the NE in chromosomic dynamic movements in plants remains elusive. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies on meiosis-specific constituents and modifications of the NE and corresponding nucleoplasmic/cytoplasmic adaptors being involved in NE-associated movement of meiotic chromosomes, as well as describes the potential molecular network of transferring cytoplasm-derived forces into meiotic chromosomes in model organisms. It helps to gain a better understanding of the NE-associated meiotic chromosomal movements in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zeng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqi Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Junling Luo
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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