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Shouman S, El-Kholy N, Hussien AE, El-Derby AM, Magdy S, Abou-Shanab AM, Elmehrath AO, Abdelwaly A, Helal M, El-Badri N. SARS-CoV-2-associated lymphopenia: possible mechanisms and the role of CD147. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:349. [PMID: 38965547 PMCID: PMC11223399 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes play a primary role in the adaptive antiviral immunity. Both lymphocytosis and lymphopenia were found to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While lymphocytosis indicates an active anti-viral response, lymphopenia is a sign of poor prognosis. T-cells, in essence, rarely express ACE2 receptors, making the cause of cell depletion enigmatic. Moreover, emerging strains posed an immunological challenge, potentially alarming for the next pandemic. Herein, we review how possible indirect and direct key mechanisms could contribute to SARS-CoV-2-associated-lymphopenia. The fundamental mechanism is the inflammatory cytokine storm elicited by viral infection, which alters the host cell metabolism into a more acidic state. This "hyperlactic acidemia" together with the cytokine storm suppresses T-cell proliferation and triggers intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis. SARS-CoV-2 infection also results in a shift from steady-state hematopoiesis to stress hematopoiesis. Even with low ACE2 expression, the presence of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts on activated T-cells may enhance viral entry and syncytia formation. Finally, direct viral infection of lymphocytes may indicate the participation of other receptors or auxiliary proteins on T-cells, that can work alone or in concert with other mechanisms. Therefore, we address the role of CD147-a novel route-for SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants. CD147 is not only expressed on T-cells, but it also interacts with other co-partners to orchestrate various biological processes. Given these features, CD147 is an appealing candidate for viral pathogenicity. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2-associated-lymphopenia will aid in the discovery of potential therapeutic targets to improve the resilience of our immune system against this rapidly evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Shouman
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Kholy
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center& Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Cancer Chemical Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Alaa E Hussien
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Derby
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Shireen Magdy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Shanab
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad Abdelwaly
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Mohamed Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt.
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Suárez-Martínez E, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Bijnsdorp IV, Jimenez CR, Carnero A. Protein homeostasis maintained by HOOK1 levels promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells through reticulum stress and autophagy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:150. [PMID: 38807192 PMCID: PMC11134651 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate mainly due to its resistance to currently used therapies. This resistance has been associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), interactions with the microenvironment, and intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic targets, particularly those targeting CSCs, is important for improving patient prognosis. HOOK1 has been found to be transcriptionally altered in a substantial percentage of ovarian tumors, but its role in tumor initiation and development is still not fully understood. METHODS The downregulation of HOOK1 was performed in ovarian cancer cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by growth in vitro and in vivo assays. Subsequently, migration (Boyden chamber), cell death (Western-Blot and flow cytometry) and stemness properties (clonal heterogeneity analysis, tumorspheres assay and flow cytometry) of the downregulated cell lines were analysed. To gain insights into the specific mechanisms of action of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer, a proteomic analysis was performed, followed by Western-blot and cytotoxicity assays to confirm the results found within the mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence staining, Western-blotting and flow cytometry were also employed to finish uncovering the role of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer. RESULTS In this study, we observed that reducing the levels of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer cells reduced in vitro growth and migration and prevented tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, HOOK1 reduction led to a decrease in stem-like capabilities in these cells, which, however, did not seem related to the expression of genes traditionally associated with this phenotype. A proteome study, along with other analysis, showed that the downregulation of HOOK1 also induced an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in these cells. Finally, the decrease in stem-like properties observed in cells with downregulated HOOK1 could be explained by an increase in cell death in the CSC population within the culture due to endoplasmic reticulum stress by the unfolded protein response. CONCLUSION HOOK1 contributes to maintaining the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells by preserving protein homeostasis and could be considered an alternative therapeutic target, especially in combination with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum or proteotoxic stress such as proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suárez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene V Bijnsdorp
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain.
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Rao L, Gennerich A. Structure and Function of Dynein's Non-Catalytic Subunits. Cells 2024; 13:330. [PMID: 38391943 PMCID: PMC10886578 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynein, an ancient microtubule-based motor protein, performs diverse cellular functions in nearly all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of land plants. It has evolved into three subfamilies-cytoplasmic dynein-1, cytoplasmic dynein-2, and axonemal dyneins-each differentiated by their cellular functions. These megadalton complexes consist of multiple subunits, with the heavy chain being the largest subunit that generates motion and force along microtubules by converting the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. Beyond this catalytic core, the functionality of dynein is significantly enhanced by numerous non-catalytic subunits. These subunits are integral to the complex, contributing to its stability, regulating its enzymatic activities, targeting it to specific cellular locations, and mediating its interactions with other cofactors. The diversity of non-catalytic subunits expands dynein's cellular roles, enabling it to perform critical tasks despite the conservation of its heavy chains. In this review, we discuss recent findings and insights regarding these non-catalytic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Huang S, Bao Y, Kong L, Gao S, Hua C. Insights into the complex interactions between Rab22a and extracellular vesicles in cancers. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:99-110. [PMID: 38066108 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncogenic Ras-related GTP-binding proteins, referred to as Rabs, are characterized by their intricate interactions with upstream, downstream molecules, and notably, extracellular vesicles (EVs). While the expansive family of Rabs and their associated signaling pathways have been exhaustively dissected, Rab22a emerges as an entity of outstanding interest, owing to its potent influence in many biological processes and its conspicuous correlation with cancer metastasis and migration. A burgeoning interest in the interactions between Rab22a and EVs in the field of oncology underscores the necessity for more in-depth reviews and scholarly discourses. METHODS We performed a review based on published original and review articles related to Rab22a, tumor, microRNA, exosome, microvesicles, EVs, CD147, lysosome, degradation, endosomal recycling, etc. from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We summarize the regulatory processes governing the expression of Rab22a and the mutants of Rab22a. Notably, the present understanding of complex interactions between Rab22a and EVs are highlighted, encompassing both the impact of Rab22a on the genesis of EVs and the role of EVs that are affected by Rab22a mutants in propelling tumor advancement. The dynamic interaction between Rab22a and EVs plays a significant role in the progression of tumors, and it can provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cancers and the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Huang
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Bao
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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Ng D, Pawling J, Dennis JW. Gene purging and the evolution of Neoave metabolism and longevity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105409. [PMID: 37918802 PMCID: PMC10722388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the proteasome requires oxidative phosphorylation (ATP) and mitigation of oxidative damage, in an increasingly dysfunctional relationship with aging. SLC3A2 plays a role on both sides of this dichotomy as an adaptor to SLC7A5, a transporter of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: Leu, Ile, Val), and to SLC7A11, a cystine importer supplying cysteine to the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Endurance in mammalian muscle depends in part on oxidation of BCAA; however, elevated serum levels are associated with insulin resistance and shortened lifespans. Intriguingly, the evolution of modern birds (Neoaves) has entailed the purging of genes including SLC3A2, SLC7A5, -7, -8, -10, and SLC1A4, -5, largely removing BCAA exchangers and their interacting Na+/Gln symporters in pursuit of improved energetics. Additional gene purging included mitochondrial BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT2), pointing to reduced oxidation of BCAA and increased hepatic conversion to triglycerides and glucose. Fat deposits are anhydrous and highly reduced, maximizing the fuel/weight ratio for prolonged flight, but fat accumulation in muscle cells of aging humans contributes to inflammation and senescence. Duplications of the bidirectional α-ketoacid transporters SLC16A3, SLC16A7, the cystine transporters SLC7A9, SLC7A11, and N-glycan branching enzymes MGAT4B, MGAT4C in Neoaves suggests a shift to the transport of deaminated essential amino acid, and stronger mitigation of oxidative stress supported by the galectin lattice. We suggest that Alfred Lotka's theory of natural selection as a maximum power organizer (PNAS 8:151,1922) made an unusually large contribution to Neoave evolution. Further molecular analysis of Neoaves may reveal novel rewiring with applications for human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Ng
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Pawling
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada.
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Park JS, Perl A. Endosome Traffic Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Signal Transduction in CD4 + T Cells-Implications for the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10749. [PMID: 37445926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling regulates the cell surface receptor composition of the plasma membrane. The surface expression levels of the T cell receptor (TCR), in concert with signal transducing co-receptors, regulate T cell responses, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. Altered TCR expression contributes to pro-inflammatory skewing, which is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), defined by a reduced function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the expansion of CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. The ensuing secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23, trigger autoantibody production and tissue infiltration by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system that induce organ damage. Endocytic recycling influences immunological synapse formation by CD4+ T lymphocytes, signal transduction from crosslinked surface receptors through recruitment of adaptor molecules, intracellular traffic of organelles, and the generation of metabolites to support growth, cytokine production, and epigenetic control of DNA replication and gene expression in the cell nucleus. This review will delineate checkpoints of endosome traffic that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune and other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy S Park
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Dubois DJ, Chehade S, Marq JB, Venugopal K, Maco B, Puig ATI, Soldati-Favre D, Marion S. Toxoplasma gondii HOOK-FTS-HIP Complex is Critical for Secretory Organelle Discharge during Motility, Invasion, and Egress. mBio 2023:e0045823. [PMID: 37093045 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00458-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Apicomplexa phylum possess specialized secretory organelles that discharge, apically and in a timely regulated manner, key factors implicated in parasite motility, host cell invasion, egress and subversion of host cellular functions. The mechanisms regulating trafficking and apical docking of these secretory organelles are only partially elucidated. Here, we characterized two conserved endosomal trafficking regulators known to promote vesicle transport and/or fusion, HOOK and Fused Toes (FTS), in the context of organelle discharge in Toxoplasma gondii. TgHOOK and TgFTS form a complex with a coccidian-specific partner, named HOOK interacting partner (HIP). TgHOOK displays an apically enriched vesicular pattern and concentrates at the parasite apical tip where it colocalizes with TgFTS and TgHIP. Functional investigations revealed that TgHOOK is dispensable but fitness conferring. The protein regulates the apical positioning and secretion of micronemes and contributes to egress, motility, host cell attachment, and invasion. Conditional depletion of TgFTS or TgHIP impacted on the same processes but led to more severe phenotypes. This study provides evidence of endosomal trafficking regulators involved in the apical exocytosis of micronemes and possibly as a consequence or directly on the discharge of the rhoptries. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii affects between 30 and 80% of the human population, poses a life-threatening risk to immunocompromised individuals, and is a cause of abortion and birth defects following congenital transmission. T. gondii belongs to the phylum of Apicomplexa characterized by a set of unique apical secretory organelles called the micronemes and rhoptries. Upon host cell recognition, this obligatory intracellular parasite secretes specific effectors contained in micronemes and rhoptries to promote parasite invasion of host cells and subsequent persistence. Here, we identified novel T. gondii endosomal trafficking regulators and demonstrated that they regulate microneme organelle apical positioning and exocytosis, thereby strongly contributing to host cell invasion and parasite virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Dubois
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylia Chehade
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Marq
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kannan Venugopal
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bohumil Maco
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Albert Tell I Puig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Marion
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Nakashima S, Matsui T, Fukuda M. Vps9d1 regulates tubular endosome formation through specific activation of Rab22A. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286994. [PMID: 36762583 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab22A is an important regulator of the formation of tubular endosomes, which are one of the types of recycling endosome compartments of the clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway. In order to regulate tubular endosome formation, Rab22A must be activated by a specific guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF); however, all of the GEFs that have been reported to exhibit Rab22A-GEF activity in vitro also activate Rab5A, an essential regulator of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, and no Rab22A-specific GEF has ever been identified. Here, we identified Vps9d1, a previously uncharacterized vacuolar protein sorting 9 (VPS9) domain-containing protein, as a novel Rab22A-GEF. The formation of tubular endosome structures was found to be severely impaired in Vps9d1-depleted HeLa cells, but Rab5A localization was unaffected. Expression of a constitutively active Rab22A mutant in Vps9d1-depleted HeLa cells restored tubular endosomes, but expression of a GEF-activity-deficient Vps9d1 mutant did not. Moreover, Vps9d1 depletion altered the distribution of clathrin-independent endocytosed cargos and impaired their recycling. Our findings indicate that Vps9d1 promotes tubular endosome formation by specifically activating Rab22A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Nakashima
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsui
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Shikanai M, Ito S, Nishimura YV, Akagawa R, Fukuda M, Yuzaki M, Nabeshima Y, Kawauchi T. Rab21 regulates caveolin-1-mediated endocytic trafficking to promote immature neurite pruning. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54701. [PMID: 36683567 PMCID: PMC9986827 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins are internalized by clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis. Both pathways converge on early endosomes and are thought to share the small GTPase Rab5 as common regulator. In contrast to this notion, we show here that the clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytic pathways are differentially regulated. Rab5 and Rab21 localize to distinct populations of early endosomes in cortical neurons and preferentially regulate clathrin- and caveolin-mediated pathways, respectively, suggesting heterogeneity in the early endosomes, rather than a converging point. Suppression of Rab21, but not Rab5, results in decreased plasma membrane localization and total protein levels of caveolin-1, which perturbs immature neurite pruning of cortical neurons, an in vivo-specific step of neuronal maturation. Taken together, our data indicate that clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytic pathways run in parallel in early endosomes, which show different molecular regulation and physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mima Shikanai
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shiho Ito
- Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiaki V Nishimura
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Remi Akagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yo‐ichi Nabeshima
- Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
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10
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Novel Antibody Exerts Antitumor Effect through Downregulation of CD147 and Activation of Multiple Stress Signals. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3552793. [PMID: 36385956 PMCID: PMC9652086 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3552793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CD147 is an immunoglobulin-like receptor that is highly expressed in various cancers and involved in the growth, metastasis, and activation of inflammatory pathways via interactions with various functional molecules, such as integrins, CD44, and monocarboxylate transporters. Through screening of CD147-targeting antibodies with antitumor efficacy, we discovered a novel rat monoclonal antibody #147D. This humanized IgG4-formatted antibody, h4#147D, showed potent antitumor efficacy in xenograft mouse models harboring the human PDAC cell line MIA PaCa-2, HCC cell line Hep G2, and CML cell line KU812, which featured low sensitivity to the corresponding standard-of-care drugs (gemcitabine, sorafenib, and imatinib, respectively). An analysis of tumor cells derived from MIA PaCa-2 xenograft mice treated with h4#147D revealed that cell surface expression of CD147 and its binding partners, including CD44 and integrin α3β1/α6β1, was significantly reduced by h4#147D. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), activation of multiple stress responsible signal proteins such as c-JunN-terminal kinase (JNK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK), and expression of SMAD4, as well as activation of caspase-3 were obviously observed in the tumor cells, suggesting that h4#147D induced tumor shrinkage by inducing multiple stress responsible signals. These results suggest that the anti-CD147 antibody h4#147D offers promise as a new antibody drug candidate.
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Lolo FN, Pavón DM, Grande-García A, Elosegui-Artola A, Segatori VI, Sánchez S, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, del Pozo MA. Caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin recycling and activation. eLife 2022; 11:e82348. [PMID: 36264062 PMCID: PMC9747151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to multiple mechanical inputs throughout their lives. Their ability to detect these environmental cues is called mechanosensing, a process in which integrins play an important role. During cellular mechanosensing, plasma membrane (PM) tension is adjusted to mechanical stress through the buffering action of caveolae; however, little is known about the role of caveolae in early integrin mechanosensing regulation. Here, we show that Cav1KO fibroblasts increase adhesion to FN-coated beads when pulled with magnetic tweezers, as compared to wild type fibroblasts. This phenotype is Rho-independent and mainly derived from increased active β1-integrin content on the surface of Cav1KO fibroblasts. Florescence recovery after photobleaching analysis and endocytosis/recycling assays revealed that active β1-integrin is mostly endocytosed through the clathrin independent carrier/glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-enriched endocytic compartment pathway and is more rapidly recycled to the PM in Cav1KO fibroblasts, in a Rab4 and PM tension-dependent manner. Moreover, the threshold for PM tension-driven β1-integrin activation is lower in Cav1KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in wild type MEFs, through a mechanism dependent on talin activity. Our findings suggest that caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin cycling and activation, thereby regulating the early steps of the cellular mechanosensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Dácil María Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Araceli Grande-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | - Valeria Inés Segatori
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Miguel A del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
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12
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Host Cell Signatures of the Envelopment Site within Beta-Herpes Virions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179994. [PMID: 36077391 PMCID: PMC9456339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-herpesvirus infection completely reorganizes the membrane system of the cell. This system is maintained by the spatiotemporal arrangement of more than 3000 cellular proteins that continuously adapt the configuration of membrane organelles according to cellular needs. Beta-herpesvirus infection establishes a new configuration known as the assembly compartment (AC). The AC membranes are loaded with virus-encoded proteins during the long replication cycle and used for the final envelopment of the newly formed capsids to form infectious virions. The identity of the envelopment membranes is still largely unknown. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies suggest that the envelopment occurs as a membrane wrapping around the capsids, similar to the growth of phagophores, in the area of the AC with the membrane identities of early/recycling endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. During wrapping, host cell proteins that define the identity and shape of these membranes are captured along with the capsids and incorporated into the virions as host cell signatures. In this report, we reviewed the existing information on host cell signatures in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions. We analyzed the published proteomes of the HCMV virion preparations that identified a large number of host cell proteins. Virion purification methods are not yet advanced enough to separate all of the components of the rich extracellular material, including the large amounts of non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs). Therefore, we used the proteomic data from large and small extracellular vesicles (lEVs and sEVs) and NVEPs to filter out the host cell proteins identified in the viral proteomes. Using these filters, we were able to narrow down the analysis of the host cell signatures within the virions and determine that envelopment likely occurs at the membranes derived from the tubular recycling endosomes. Many of these signatures were also found at the autophagosomes, suggesting that the CMV-infected cell forms membrane organelles with phagophore growth properties using early endosomal host cell machinery that coordinates endosomal recycling.
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13
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Ubiquitin-specific protease TRE17/USP6 promotes tumor cell invasion through the regulation of glycoprotein CD147 intracellular trafficking. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102335. [PMID: 35926707 PMCID: PMC9440431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered expression and distribution of plasma membrane proteins at the cell surface leads to diverse malignant phenotypes in tumors, including cell invasion. The ubiquitin-specific protease TRE17/USP6, an oncogene identified in Ewing sarcoma, is highly expressed in several cancers and locally aggressive tumor-like lesions. We have previously demonstrated that TRE17 regulates the trafficking of plasma membrane proteins that enter cells via clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE); TRE17 prevents CIE cargo proteins from being targeted to lysosomes for degradation by deubiquitylating them. However, functional insights into the effects of TRE17-mediated CIE cargo trafficking on cell invasion remain unknown. Here, we show that increased expression of TRE17 enhances invasiveness of the human sarcoma cell line HT-1080 by elevating the cell surface levels of the membrane glycoprotein CD147, which plays a central role in tumor progression. We demonstrate overexpression of TRE17 decreases ubiquitylated CD147, which is accompanied by suppression of CD147 transport to lysosomes, resulting in the stabilization and increase of cell surface-localized CD147. On the other hand, we show knockdown of TRE17 decreases cell surface CD147, which is coupled with reduced production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the enzymes responsible for extracellular matrix degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of CD147 by a specific inhibitor alleviated the TRE17-promoted tumor cell invasion. We therefore propose a model for the pathogenesis of TRE17-driven tumors in which TRE17 increases CD147 at the cell surface by preventing its lysosomal degradation, which in turn enhances MMP synthesis and matrix degradation, thereby promoting tumor cell invasion.
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14
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Tyckaert F, Zanin N, Morsomme P, Renard HF. Rac1, actin cytoskeleton and microtubules are key players in clathrin-independent endophilin-A3-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276016. [PMID: 35703091 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic mechanisms actively regulate plasma membrane composition and sustain fundamental cellular functions. Recently, we identified a clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) modality mediated by the BAR domain protein endophilin-A3 (endoA3), which controls the cell surface homeostasis of the tumor marker CD166/ALCAM. Deciphering the molecular machinery of endoA3-dependent CIE should therefore contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiological role, which remains so far unknown. Here, we investigate the role in this mechanism of actin, Rho GTPases and microtubules, which are major actors of CIE processes. We show that the actin cytoskeleton is dynamically associated with endoA3- and CD166-positive endocytic carriers and that its perturbation strongly inhibits the uptake process of CD166. We also reveal that the Rho GTPase Rac1, but not Cdc42, is a master regulator of this endocytic route. Finally, we provide evidence that microtubules and kinesin molecular motors are required to potentiate endoA3-dependent endocytosis. Of note, our study also highlights potential compensation phenomena between endoA3-dependent CIE and macropinocytosis. Altogether, our data deepen our understanding of this CIE modality and further differentiate it from other unconventional endocytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tyckaert
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Natacha Zanin
- UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri-François Renard
- UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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15
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Li R, Zhu X, Zhou P, Qiao Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Shi X. Generation of a High-Affinity Nanobody Against CD147 for Tumor Targeting and Therapeutic Efficacy Through Conjugating Doxorubicin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852700. [PMID: 35603157 PMCID: PMC9114487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147, a glycosylated transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, is overexpressed on the surfaces of various tumor cells and promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Nanobodies, characterized by small sizes, high affinities and specificities, and low immunogenicities, are promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, there are few reports on nanobodies that specifically target CD147. In this work, a specific anti-CD147 nanobody has been successfully identified using phage display technology. The tumor target and antitumor effects have also been detected in different CD147-positive tumors in in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively. Meanwhile, it has a synergistic effect for inhibiting 4T1-bearing mice through conjugating doxorubicin. It may afford new strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Qiao
- Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinqian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yice Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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16
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Behl T, Kaur I, Aleya L, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. CD147-spike protein interaction in COVID-19: Get the ball rolling with a novel receptor and therapeutic target. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152072. [PMID: 34863742 PMCID: PMC8634688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The combat against the Corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), has created a chaos among the healthcare institutions and researchers, in turn accelerating the dire need to curtail the infection spread. The already established entry mechanism, via ACE2 has not yet successfully aided in the development of a suitable and reliable therapy. Taking in account the constant progression and deterioration of the cases worldwide, a different perspective and mechanistic approach is required, which has thrown light onto the cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) transmembrane protein, as a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Despite lesser affinity towards COVID-19 virus, as compared to ACE2, this receptor provides a suitable justification behind elevated blood glucose levels in infected patients, retarded COVID-19 risk in women, enhanced susceptibility in geriatrics, greater infection susceptibility of T cells, infection prevalence in non-susceptible human cardiac pericytes and so on. The manuscript invokes the title role and distribution of CD147 in COVID-19 as an entry receptor and mediator of endocytosis-promoted entry of the virus, along with the "catch and clump" hypothesis, thereby presenting its Fundamental significance as a therapeutic target for potential candidates, such as Azithromycin, melatonin, statins, beta adrenergic blockers, ivermectin, Meplazumab etc. Thus, the authors provide a comprehensive review of a different perspective in COVID-19 infection, aiming to aid the researchers and virologists in considering all aspects of viral entry, in order to develop a sustainable and potential cure for the 2019 COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, France
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania.
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17
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Higashi S, Makiyama T, Sakane H, Nogami S, Shirataki H. Regulation of Hook1-mediated endosomal sorting of clathrin-independent cargo by γ-taxilin. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273710. [PMID: 34897470 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In clathrin-independent endocytosis, Hook1, a microtubule- and cargo-tethering protein, participates in sorting of cargo proteins such as CD98 and CD147 into recycling endosomes. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates Hook1-mediated endosomal sorting is not fully understood. Here, we found that γ-taxilin is a novel regulator of Hook1-mediated endosomal sorting. γ-Taxilin depletion promoted both CD98-positive tubular formation and CD98 recycling. Conversely, overexpression of γ-taxilin inhibited the CD98-positive tubular formation. Depletion of Hook1, or Rab10 or Rab22a (which are both involved in Hook1-mediated endosomal sorting), attenuated the effect of γ-taxilin depletion on the CD98-positive tubular formation. γ-Taxilin depletion promoted CD147-mediated spreading of HeLa cells, suggesting that γ-taxilin may be a pivotal player in various cellular functions in which Hook1-mediated cargo proteins are involved. γ-Taxilin bound to the C-terminal region of Hook1 and inhibited its interaction with CD98; the latter interaction is necessary for sorting CD98. We suggest that γ-taxilin negatively regulates the sorting of Hook1-mediated cargo proteins into recycling endosomes by interfering with the interactions between Hook1 and the cargo proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Higashi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Makiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakane
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Satoru Nogami
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shirataki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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18
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Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip. Curr Genet 2021; 67:833-847. [PMID: 34319422 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an array of systems working in normal cells that largely block infection with prions, block most prion formation, cure most nascent prions and mitigate the toxic effects of those prions that escape the first three types of systems. Here we review recent progress in defining these anti-prion systems, how they work and how they are regulated. Polymorphisms of the prion domains partially block infection with prions. Ribosome-associated chaperones ensure proper folding of nascent proteins, thus reducing [PSI+] prion formation and curing many [PSI+] variants that do form. Btn2p is a sequestering protein which gathers [URE3] amyloid filaments to one place in the cells so that the prion is often lost by progeny cells. Proteasome impairment produces massive overexpression of Btn2p and paralog Cur1p, resulting in [URE3] curing. Inversely, increased proteasome activity, by derepression of proteasome component gene transcription or by 60S ribosomal subunit gene mutation, prevents prion curing by Btn2p or Cur1p. The nonsense-mediated decay proteins (Upf1,2,3) cure many nascent [PSI+] variants by associating with Sup35p directly. Normal levels of the disaggregating chaperone Hsp104 can also cure many [PSI+] prion variants. By keeping the cellular levels of certain inositol polyphosphates / pyrophosphates low, Siw14p cures certain [PSI+] variants. It is hoped that exploration of the yeast innate immunity to prions will lead to discovery of similar systems in humans.
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19
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Tian Y, Kang Q, Shi X, Wang Y, Zhang N, Ye H, Xu Q, Xu T, Zhang R. SNX-3 mediates retromer-independent tubular endosomal recycling by opposing EEA-1-facilitated trafficking. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009607. [PMID: 34081703 PMCID: PMC8219167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early endosomes are the sorting hub on the endocytic pathway, wherein sorting nexins (SNXs) play important roles for formation of the distinct membranous microdomains with different sorting functions. Tubular endosomes mediate the recycling of clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) cargoes back toward the plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the tubule formation is still poorly understood. Here we screened the effect on the ARF-6-associated CIE recycling endosomal tubules for all the SNX members in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We identified SNX-3 as an essential factor for generation of the recycling tubules. The loss of SNX-3 abolishes the interconnected tubules in the intestine of C. elegans. Consequently, the surface and total protein levels of the recycling CIE protein hTAC are strongly decreased. Unexpectedly, depletion of the retromer components VPS-26/-29/-35 has no similar effect, implying that the retromer trimer is dispensable in this process. We determined that hTAC is captured by the ESCRT complex and transported into the lysosome for rapid degradation in snx-3 mutants. Interestingly, EEA-1 is increasingly recruited on early endosomes and localized to the hTAC-containing structures in snx-3 mutant intestines. We also showed that SNX3 and EEA1 compete with each other for binding to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate enriching early endosomes in Hela cells. Our data demonstrate for the first time that PX domain-only C. elegans SNX-3 organizes the tubular endosomes for efficient recycling and retrieves the CIE cargo away from the maturing sorting endosomes by competing with EEA-1 for binding to the early endosomes. However, our results call into question how SNX-3 couples the cargo capture and membrane remodeling in the absence of the retromer trimer complex. Trafficking of internalized materials through the endolysosomal system is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and signaling regulation in all eukaryotic cells. Early endosomes are the sorting hub on the endocytic pathway. After internalization, the plasma membrane lipid, proteins, and invading pathogens are delivered to early endosomes for further degradation in lysosomes or for retrieval to the plasma membrane or the trans-Golgi network for reuse. However, when, where and by what mechanism various cargo proteins are sorted from each other and into the different pathways largely remain to be explored. Here, we identified SNX-3, a PX-domain only sorting nexin family member, as a novel regulator for the tubular endosomes underlying recycling of a subset of CIE cargoes. Compared with EEA-1, the superior recruitment of SNX-3 at the CIE-derived subpopulation of endosomes is critical for preventing these endosomes from converging to the classical sorting endosomes and subsequently into the multivesicular endosomal pathway. We speculate that through a spatio-temporal interplay with the retromer, SNX-3 is involved in different recycling transport carriers. Our finding of SNX-3’s role in modulating the formation of tubular endosomes provides insight into the sorting and trafficking of CIE pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaoju Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (TX); (RZ)
| | - Rongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (TX); (RZ)
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20
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Christensen SC, Hudecz D, Jensen A, Christensen S, Nielsen MS. Basigin Antibodies with Capacity for Drug Delivery Across Brain Endothelial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4392-4403. [PMID: 34014436 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses challenges for delivering antibody-based therapeutics to the brain and is a main obstacle for the successful application of biotherapeutics for the treatment of brain disorders. As only a small fraction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is penetrating the BBB, high doses of therapeutics are required to elicit a pharmacological effect. This limitation has evoked research to improve transport across the BBB through receptor-mediated transcytosis, and several receptors have been explored for mediating this process. A recently suggested candidate is the brain endothelial cells (BECs) expressed basigin. Here, we explore the transcytosis capacity of different basigin mAbs targeting distinct epitopes using the porcine in vitro BBB models and provide data showing the intracellular vesicle sorting of these basigin mAbs in porcine BECs. Our data suggest that basigin mAbs avoid the lysosomal degradation pathway and are internalized to vesicles used by recycling receptors. Engagement of basigin mAbs with basigin led to the translocation of the mAbs across the tight BECs into the astrocytes in our in vitro BBB co-culture model. Although mAbs with higher binding affinity to basigin showed a greater astrocyte internalization, based on our experiments, it is not clear whether the transcytosis is affinity- or epitope-dependent or a combination of both. Overall, this study provides information about the intra- and intercellular fate of basigin mAbs in BECs, which are valuable for the future design of basigin-mediated drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Christine Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Building 1116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diána Hudecz
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Building 1116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Christensen
- Department of Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Schallburg Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Building 1116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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21
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Rennick JJ, Johnston APR, Parton RG. Key principles and methods for studying the endocytosis of biological and nanoparticle therapeutics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:266-276. [PMID: 33712737 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a critical step in the process by which many therapeutic nanomedicines reach their intracellular targets. Our understanding of cellular uptake mechanisms has developed substantially in the past five years. However, these advances in cell biology have not fully translated to the nanoscience and therapeutics literature. Misconceptions surrounding the role of different endocytic pathways and how to study these pathways are hindering progress in developing improved nanoparticle therapies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into cellular uptake mechanisms and pathways. We highlight limitations of current systems to study endocytosis, particularly problems with non-specific inhibitors. We also summarize alternative genetic approaches to robustly probe these pathways and discuss the need to understand how cells endocytose particles in vivo. We hope that this critical assessment of the current methods used in studying nanoparticle uptake will guide future studies at the interface of cell biology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Rennick
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert G Parton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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22
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Bezsonov EE, Edskes HK, Wickner RB. Innate immunity to yeast prions: Btn2p and Cur1p curing of the [URE3] prion is prevented by 60S ribosomal protein deficiency or ubiquitin/proteasome system overactivity. Genetics 2021; 217:6127178. [PMID: 33857305 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[URE3] is an amyloid-based prion of Ure2p, a negative regulator of poor nitrogen source catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overproduced Btn2p or its paralog Cur1p, in processes requiring Hsp42, cure the [URE3] prion. Btn2p cures by collecting Ure2p amyloid filaments at one place in the cell. We find that rpl4aΔ, rpl21aΔ, rpl21bΔ, rpl11bΔ, and rpl16bΔ (large ribosomal subunit proteins) or ubr2Δ (ubiquitin ligase targeting Rpn4p, an activator of proteasome genes) reduce curing by overproduced Btn2p or Cur1p. Impaired curing in ubr2Δ or rpl21bΔ is restored by an rpn4Δ mutation. No effect of rps14aΔ or rps30bΔ on curing was observed, indicating that 60S subunit deficiency specifically impairs curing. Levels of Hsp42p, Sis1p, or Btn3p are unchanged in rpl4aΔ, rpl21bΔ, or ubr2Δ mutants. Overproduction of Cur1p or Btn2p was enhanced in rpn4Δ and hsp42Δ mutants, lower in ubr2Δ strains, and restored to above wild-type levels in rpn4Δ ubr2Δ strains. As in the wild-type, Ure2N-GFP colocalizes with Btn2-RFP in rpl4aΔ, rpl21bΔ, or ubr2Δ strains, but not in hsp42Δ. Btn2p/Cur1p overproduction cures [URE3] variants with low seed number, but seed number is not increased in rpl4aΔ, rpl21bΔ or ubr2Δ mutants. Knockouts of genes required for the protein sorting function of Btn2p did not affect curing of [URE3], nor did inactivation of the Hsp104 prion-curing activity. Overactivity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, resulting from 60S subunit deficiency or ubr2Δ, may impair Cur1p and Btn2p curing of [URE3] by degrading Cur1p, Btn2p or another component of these curing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA
| | - Herman K Edskes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA
| | - Reed B Wickner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA
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23
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Kesisova IA, Robinson BP, Spiliotis ET. A septin GTPase scaffold of dynein-dynactin motors triggers retrograde lysosome transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211663. [PMID: 33416861 PMCID: PMC7802366 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and signaling functions of lysosomes depend on their intracellular positioning and trafficking, but the underlying mechanisms are little understood. Here, we have discovered a novel septin GTPase-based mechanism for retrograde lysosome transport. We found that septin 9 (SEPT9) associates with lysosomes, promoting the perinuclear localization of lysosomes in a Rab7-independent manner. SEPT9 targeting to mitochondria and peroxisomes is sufficient to recruit dynein and cause perinuclear clustering. We show that SEPT9 interacts with both dynein and dynactin through its GTPase domain and N-terminal extension, respectively. Strikingly, SEPT9 associates preferentially with the dynein intermediate chain (DIC) in its GDP-bound state, which favors dimerization and assembly into septin multimers. In response to oxidative cell stress induced by arsenite, SEPT9 localization to lysosomes is enhanced, promoting the perinuclear clustering of lysosomes. We posit that septins function as GDP-activated scaffolds for the cooperative assembly of dynein-dynactin, providing an alternative mechanism of retrograde lysosome transport at steady state and during cellular adaptation to stress.
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24
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Villari G, Enrico Bena C, Del Giudice M, Gioelli N, Sandri C, Camillo C, Fiorio Pla A, Bosia C, Serini G. Distinct retrograde microtubule motor sets drive early and late endosome transport. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103661. [PMID: 33215754 PMCID: PMC7737607 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103661|] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although subcellular positioning of endosomes significantly impacts on their functions, the molecular mechanisms governing the different steady-state distribution of early endosomes (EEs) and late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes (LYs) in peripheral and perinuclear eukaryotic cell areas, respectively, are still unsolved. We unveil that such differences arise because, while LE retrograde transport depends on the dynein microtubule (MT) motor only, the one of EEs requires the cooperative antagonism of dynein and kinesin-14 KIFC1, a MT minus end-directed motor involved in cancer progression. Mechanistically, the Ser-x-Ile-Pro (SxIP) motif-mediated interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) with the MT plus end-binding protein 1 (EB1) promotes its association with the p150Glued subunit of the dynein activator complex dynactin and the distinct location of EEs and LEs/LYs. The peripheral distribution of EEs requires their p150Glued-mediated simultaneous engagement with dynein and SxIP motif-containing KIFC1, via HOOK1 and HOOK3 adaptors, respectively. In sum, we provide evidence that distinct minus end-directed MT motor systems drive the differential transport and subcellular distribution of EEs and LEs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Villari
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino School of MedicineCandioloItaly,Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly,IIGM ‐ Italian Institute for Genomic MedicineCandioloItaly,Present address:
Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris‐SeineLaboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP)ParisFrance
| | - Marco Del Giudice
- Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly,IIGM ‐ Italian Institute for Genomic MedicineCandioloItaly
| | - Noemi Gioelli
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino School of MedicineCandioloItaly,Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly
| | - Chiara Sandri
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino School of MedicineCandioloItaly,Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly
| | - Chiara Camillo
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino School of MedicineCandioloItaly,Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly
| | | | - Carla Bosia
- IIGM ‐ Italian Institute for Genomic MedicineCandioloItaly,Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolytechnic of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino School of MedicineCandioloItaly,Candiolo Cancer Institute ‐ Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)TorinoItaly
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25
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Wang K, Chen W, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Lian JQ, Du P, Wei D, Zhang Y, Sun XX, Gong L, Yang X, He L, Zhang L, Yang Z, Geng JJ, Chen R, Zhang H, Wang B, Zhu YM, Nan G, Jiang JL, Li L, Wu J, Lin P, Huang W, Xie L, Zheng ZH, Zhang K, Miao JL, Cui HY, Huang M, Zhang J, Fu L, Yang XM, Zhao Z, Sun S, Gu H, Wang Z, Wang CF, Lu Y, Liu YY, Wang QY, Bian H, Zhu P, Chen ZN. CD147-spike protein is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020. [PMID: 33277466 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.14.988345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein. Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung, kidney, and intestine, its expressing levels are rather low, especially in the lung. Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19, we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its infection. Here, we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody, Meplazumab, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 amplification. Expression of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells, which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular fragment. Viral loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147 (hCD147) mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, but not in those of virus-infected wild type mice. Interestingly, virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 patient. Human T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dose-dependent manner, which is specifically inhibited by Meplazumab. Furthermore, CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by endocytosis. Together, our study reveals a novel virus entry route, CD147-spike protein, which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jian-Qi Lian
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ding Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiu-Xuan Sun
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li Gong
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xu Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie-Jie Geng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wan Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | | | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Lin Miao
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Min Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiang-Min Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wang
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yacheng Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qing-Yi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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26
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Wang K, Chen W, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Lian JQ, Du P, Wei D, Zhang Y, Sun XX, Gong L, Yang X, He L, Zhang L, Yang Z, Geng JJ, Chen R, Zhang H, Wang B, Zhu YM, Nan G, Jiang JL, Li L, Wu J, Lin P, Huang W, Xie L, Zheng ZH, Zhang K, Miao JL, Cui HY, Huang M, Zhang J, Fu L, Yang XM, Zhao Z, Sun S, Gu H, Wang Z, Wang CF, Lu Y, Liu YY, Wang QY, Bian H, Zhu P, Chen ZN. CD147-spike protein is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:283. [PMID: 33277466 PMCID: PMC7714896 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein. Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung, kidney, and intestine, its expressing levels are rather low, especially in the lung. Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19, we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may depend on other routes to facilitate its infection. Here, we first discover an interaction between host cell receptor CD147 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The loss of CD147 or blocking CD147 in Vero E6 and BEAS-2B cell lines by anti-CD147 antibody, Meplazumab, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 amplification. Expression of human CD147 allows virus entry into non-susceptible BHK-21 cells, which can be neutralized by CD147 extracellular fragment. Viral loads are detectable in the lungs of human CD147 (hCD147) mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, but not in those of virus-infected wild type mice. Interestingly, virions are observed in lymphocytes of lung tissue from a COVID-19 patient. Human T cells with a property of ACE2 natural deficiency can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a dose-dependent manner, which is specifically inhibited by Meplazumab. Furthermore, CD147 mediates virus entering host cells by endocytosis. Together, our study reveals a novel virus entry route, CD147-spike protein, which provides an important target for developing specific and effective drug against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jian-Qi Lian
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ding Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiu-Xuan Sun
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li Gong
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xu Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie-Jie Geng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wan Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | | | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Lin Miao
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Min Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiang-Min Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wang
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yacheng Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qing-Yi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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27
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Villari G, Enrico Bena C, Del Giudice M, Gioelli N, Sandri C, Camillo C, Fiorio Pla A, Bosia C, Serini G. Distinct retrograde microtubule motor sets drive early and late endosome transport. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103661. [PMID: 33215754 PMCID: PMC7737607 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although subcellular positioning of endosomes significantly impacts on their functions, the molecular mechanisms governing the different steady‐state distribution of early endosomes (EEs) and late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes (LYs) in peripheral and perinuclear eukaryotic cell areas, respectively, are still unsolved. We unveil that such differences arise because, while LE retrograde transport depends on the dynein microtubule (MT) motor only, the one of EEs requires the cooperative antagonism of dynein and kinesin‐14 KIFC1, a MT minus end‐directed motor involved in cancer progression. Mechanistically, the Ser‐x‐Ile‐Pro (SxIP) motif‐mediated interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) with the MT plus end‐binding protein 1 (EB1) promotes its association with the p150Glued subunit of the dynein activator complex dynactin and the distinct location of EEs and LEs/LYs. The peripheral distribution of EEs requires their p150Glued‐mediated simultaneous engagement with dynein and SxIP motif‐containing KIFC1, via HOOK1 and HOOK3 adaptors, respectively. In sum, we provide evidence that distinct minus end‐directed MT motor systems drive the differential transport and subcellular distribution of EEs and LEs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Villari
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy.,IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marco Del Giudice
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy.,IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Noemi Gioelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Sandri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Camillo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Bosia
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
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28
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Xiang X, Qiu R. Cargo-Mediated Activation of Cytoplasmic Dynein in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598952. [PMID: 33195284 PMCID: PMC7649786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that transports a variety of cargoes including early endosomes, late endosomes and other organelles. In many cell types, dynein accumulates at the microtubule plus end, where it interacts with its cargo to be moved toward the minus end. Dynein binds to its various cargoes via the dynactin complex and specific cargo adapters. Dynactin and some of the coiled-coil-domain-containing cargo adapters not only link dynein to cargo but also activate dynein motility, which implies that dynein is activated by its cellular cargo. Structural studies indicate that a dynein dimer switches between the autoinhibited phi state and an open state; and the binding of dynactin and a cargo adapter to the dynein tails causes the dynein motor domains to have a parallel configuration, allowing dynein to walk processively along a microtubule. Recently, the dynein regulator LIS1 has been shown to be required for dynein activation in vivo, and its mechanism of action involves preventing dynein from switching back to the autoinhibited state. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of dynein activation and point out the gaps of knowledge on the spatial regulation of dynein in live cells. In addition, we will emphasize the importance of studying a complete set of dynein regulators for a better understanding of dynein regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences - F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
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29
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Kaźmierczak Z, Szostak-Paluch K, Przybyło M, Langner M, Witkiewicz W, Jędruchniewicz N, Dąbrowska K. Endocytosis in cellular uptake of drug delivery vectors: Molecular aspects in drug development. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115556. [PMID: 32828419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery vectors are widely applied to increase drug efficacy while reducing the side effects and potential toxicity of a drug. They allow for patient-tailored therapy, dose titration, and therapeutic drug monitoring. A major part of drug delivery systems makes use of large nanocarriers: liposomes or virus-like particles (VLPs). These systems allow for a relatively large amount of cargo with good stability of vectors, and they offer multiple options for targeting vectors in vivo. Here we discuss endocytic pathways that are available for drug delivery by large nanocarriers. We focus on molecular aspects of the process, including an overview of potential molecular targets for studies of drug delivery vectors and for future solutions allowing targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Szostak-Paluch
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland; Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Przybyło
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Langner
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.
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Kim Nguyen NT, Ohbayashi N, Kanaho Y, Funakoshi Y. TBC1D24 regulates recycling of clathrin-independent cargo proteins mediated by tubular recycling endosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:220-226. [PMID: 32475639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many plasma membrane proteins enter cells by clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE). Rab family small GTPases play pivotal roles in CIE and following intracellular trafficking of cargo proteins. Here, we provide evidence that TBC1D24, which contains an atypical Rab GAP domain, facilitates formation of tubular recycling endosomes (TREs) that are a hallmark of the CIE cargo trafficking pathway in HeLa cells. Overexpression of TBC1D24 in HeLa cells dramatically increased TREs loaded with CIE cargo proteins, while deletion of TBC1D24 impaired TRE formation and delayed the recycling of CIE cargo proteins back to the plasma membrane. We also found that TBC1D24 binds to Rab22A, through which TBC1D24 regulates TRE-mediated CIE cargo recycling. These findings provide insight into regulatory mechanisms for CIE cargo trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuji Funakoshi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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31
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Renna C, Rizzelli F, Carminati M, Gaddoni C, Pirovano L, Cecatiello V, Pasqualato S, Mapelli M. Organizational Principles of the NuMA-Dynein Interaction Interface and Implications for Mitotic Spindle Functions. Structure 2020; 28:820-829.e6. [PMID: 32413290 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by the microtubule-based motor dynein, which sustains all mitotic spindle functions. During cell division, cytoplasmic dynein acts with the high-molecular-weight complex dynactin and nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) to organize and position the spindle. Here, we analyze the interaction interface between NuMA and the light intermediate chain (LIC) of eukaryotic dynein. Structural studies show that NuMA contains a hook domain contacting directly LIC1 and LIC2 chains through a conserved hydrophobic patch shared among other Hook adaptors. In addition, we identify a LIC-binding motif within the coiled-coil region of NuMA that is homologous to CC1-boxes. Analysis of mitotic cells revealed that both LIC-binding sites of NuMA are essential for correct spindle placement and cell division. Collectively, our evidence depicts NuMA as the dynein-activating adaptor acting in the mitotic processes of spindle organization and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Renna
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Gaddoni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pirovano
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Mapelli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
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Canty JT, Yildiz A. Activation and Regulation of Cytoplasmic Dynein. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:440-453. [PMID: 32311337 PMCID: PMC7179903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is an AAA+ motor that drives the transport of many intracellular cargoes towards the minus end of microtubules (MTs). Previous in vitro studies characterized isolated dynein as an exceptionally weak motor that moves slowly and diffuses on an MT. Recent studies altered this view by demonstrating that dynein remains in an autoinhibited conformation on its own, and processive motility is activated when it forms a ternary complex with dynactin and a cargo adaptor. This complex assembles more efficiently in the presence of Lis1, providing an explanation for why Lis1 is a required cofactor for most cytoplasmic dynein-driven processes in cells. This review describes how dynein motility is activated and regulated by cargo adaptors and accessory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Canty
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physics Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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33
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Mattera R, Williamson CD, Ren X, Bonifacino JS. The FTS-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex interacts with AP-4 to mediate perinuclear distribution of AP-4 and its cargo ATG9A. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:963-979. [PMID: 32073997 PMCID: PMC7185972 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a component of a protein coat associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Mutations in AP-4 subunits cause a complicated form of autosomal-recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia termed AP-4-deficiency syndrome. Recent studies showed that AP-4 mediates export of the transmembrane autophagy protein ATG9A from the TGN to preautophagosomal structures. To identify additional proteins that cooperate with AP-4 in ATG9A trafficking, we performed affinity purification-mass spectrometry followed by validation of the hits by biochemical and functional analyses. This approach resulted in the identification of the fused toes homolog-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex as a novel AP-4 accessory factor. We found that the AP-4-FHF interaction is mediated by direct binding of the AP-4 μ4 subunit to coiled-coil domains in the Hook1 and Hook2 subunits of FHF. Knockdown of FHF subunits resulted in dispersal of AP-4 and ATG9A from the perinuclear region of the cell, consistent with the previously demonstrated role of the FHF complex in coupling organelles to the microtubule (MT) retrograde motor dynein-dynactin. These findings thus uncover an additional mechanism for the distribution of ATG9A within cells and provide further evidence for a role of protein coats in coupling transport vesicles to MT motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mattera
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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LY75 Ablation Mediates Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) Cells Associated with DNA Methylation Alterations and Suppression of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051848. [PMID: 32156068 PMCID: PMC7084525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression and spreading; however, its molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. We have previously shown that the antigen receptor LY75 can modulate EOC cell phenotype and metastatic potential, as LY75 depletion directed mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in EOC cell lines with mesenchymal phenotype. We used the LY75-mediated modulation of EMT as a model to investigate for DNA methylation changes during EMT in EOC cells, by applying the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) methodology. Numerous genes have displayed EMT-related DNA methylation patterns alterations in their promoter/exon regions. Ten selected genes, whose DNA methylation alterations were further confirmed by alternative methods, were further identified, some of which could represent new EOC biomarkers/therapeutic targets. Moreover, our methylation data were strongly indicative for the predominant implication of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the EMT-induced DNA methylation variations in EOC cells. Consecutive experiments, including alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in EOC cells with a specific inhibitor and the identification of LY75-interacting partners by a proteomic approach, were strongly indicative for the direct implication of the LY75 receptor in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EOC cells.
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35
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Donaldson JG. Macropinosome formation, maturation and membrane recycling: lessons from clathrin-independent endosomal membrane systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180148. [PMID: 30967002 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a form of endocytosis that brings large fluid-filled endosomes into the cell interior. Macrophages and dendritic cells are especially active in this process, but all cells can be stimulated to initiate this remarkable form of endocytosis. Although much is known about the membrane lipid and actin requirements for initiating macropinocytosis, less is known about the membrane that forms the macropinosome and the fate of that membrane once the macropinosome enters the cell interior. Since macropinocytosis is a specialized form of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE), studies of the constitutive internalization and trafficking of cargo proteins and membrane that enter cells independently of clathrin could reveal the types of membrane that form the macropinosome and the machinery that handles cargo sorting and recycling during the maturation of the macropinosome. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie G Donaldson
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Building 50, Room 2503, Bethesda, MD 20892 , USA
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36
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Qi S, Su L, Li J, Zhang C, Ma Z, Liu G, Zhang Q, Jia G, Piao Y, Zhang S. Arf6-driven endocytic recycling of CD147 determines HCC malignant phenotypes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:471. [PMID: 31752956 PMCID: PMC6868876 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesion molecules distributed on the cell-surface depends upon their dynamic trafficking that plays an important role during cancer progression. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a master regulator of membrane trafficking. CD147, a tumor-related adhesive protein, can promote the invasion of liver cancer. However, the role of Arf6 in CD147 trafficking and its contribution to liver cancer progression remain unclear. METHODS Stable liver cancer cell lines with Arf6 silencing and over-expression were established. Confocal imaging, flow cytometry, biotinylation and endomembrane isolation were used to detect CD147 uptake and recycling. GST-pull down, gelatin zymography, immunofluorescence, cell adhesion, aggregation and tight junction formation, Transwell migration, and invasion assays were used to examine the cellular phenotypes. GEPIA bioinformatics, patient's specimens and electronic records collection, and immunohistochemistry were performed to obtain the clinical relevance for Arf6-CD147 signaling. RESULTS We found that the endocytic recycling of CD147 in liver cancer cells was controlled by Arf6 through concurrent Rab5 and Rab22 activation. Disruption of Arf6-mediated CD147 trafficking reduced the cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, weakened cell aggregation and junction stability, attenuated MMPs secretion and cytoskeleton reorganization, impaired HGF-stimulated Rac1 activation, and markedly decreased the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. Moreover, high-expression of the Arf6-CD147 signaling components in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) was closely correlated with poor clinical outcome of patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that Arf6-mediated CD147 endocytic recycling is required for the malignant phenotypes of liver cancer. The Arf6-driven signaling machinery provides excellent biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the prevention of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjia Su
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Guiqiu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Huan Hu Xi Road, Ti Yuan Bei, He Xi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Guhe Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Piao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Thottacherry JJ, Sathe M, Prabhakara C, Mayor S. Spoiled for Choice: Diverse Endocytic Pathways Function at the Cell Surface. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:55-84. [PMID: 31283376 PMCID: PMC6917507 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis has long been identified as a key cellular process involved in bringing in nutrients, in clearing cellular debris in tissue, in the regulation of signaling, and in maintaining cell membrane compositional homeostasis. While clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been most extensively studied, a number of clathrin-independent endocytic pathways are continuing to be delineated. Here we provide a current survey of the different types of endocytic pathways available at the cell surface and discuss a new classification and plausible molecular mechanisms for some of the less characterized pathways. Along with an evolutionary perspective of the origins of some of these pathways, we provide an appreciation of the distinct roles that these pathways play in various aspects of cellular physiology, including the control of signaling and membrane tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jose Thottacherry
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Mugdha Sathe
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Chaitra Prabhakara
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
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38
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Miao H, Vanderleest TE, Jewett CE, Loerke D, Blankenship JT. Cell ratcheting through the Sbf RabGEF directs force balancing and stepped apical constriction. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3845-3860. [PMID: 31562231 PMCID: PMC6829657 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Miao et al. show that a membrane trafficking pathway centered on Sbf and Rab35 is essential for the irreversibility of pulsed contractile events during apical constriction. Sbf/Rab35 disruption leads to a convoluted cell surface, suggesting that membrane remodeling is essential for the construction of effective actomyosin networks. During Drosophila melanogaster gastrulation, the invagination of the prospective mesoderm is driven by the pulsed constriction of apical surfaces. Here, we address the mechanisms by which the irreversibility of pulsed events is achieved while also permitting uniform epithelial behaviors to emerge. We use MSD-based analyses to identify contractile steps and find that when a trafficking pathway initiated by Sbf is disrupted, contractile steps become reversible. Sbf localizes to tubular, apical surfaces and associates with Rab35, where it promotes Rab GTP exchange. Interestingly, when Sbf/Rab35 function is compromised, the apical plasma membrane becomes deeply convoluted, and nonuniform cell behaviors begin to emerge. Consistent with this, Sbf/Rab35 appears to prefigure and organize the apical surface for efficient Myosin function. Finally, we show that Sbf/Rab35/CME directs the plasma membrane to Rab11 endosomes through a dynamic interaction with Rab5 endosomes. These results suggest that periodic ratcheting events shift excess membrane from cell apices into endosomal pathways to permit reshaping of actomyosin networks and the apical surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Miao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
| | | | - Cayla E Jewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
| | - Dinah Loerke
- Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO
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He L, Li Y, Huang X, Cheng H, Ke Y, Wang L. The prognostic significance of SHP2 and its binding protein Hook1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5897-5906. [PMID: 31413587 PMCID: PMC6659782 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that Hook1 inhibits the phosphatase activity of SHP2 in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SHP2 and Hook1 expression and relationships with the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods A total of 121 patients with NSCLC were included in this study. Expression of SHP2 and Hook1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The overall survival rate of NSCLC patients was analysed using Cox’s ratio hazard multivariate analysis and the log-rank test. Results In tumour tissue specimens, positive expression rates of SHP2 proteins were 58.4% by immunohistochemical analysis. A significant correlation between expression of SHP2 and that of Hook1 was observed. Based on Western blot analysis, we found that Hook1 was downregulated and that SHP2 has a tendency to overexpress without statistical significance in NSCLC tissues compared with their levels in normal lung tissues. The median overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients who presented low levels of SHP2 expression were better (40 vs 24 months, p=0.004) than those of patients who exhibited high levels of SHP2 expression. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the level of SHP2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Conclusion SHP2 might play an important role in NSCLC and has the potential to serve as a clinical biomarker or NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Linrun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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40
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YIPF2 is a novel Rab-GDF that enhances HCC malignant phenotypes by facilitating CD147 endocytic recycle. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:462. [PMID: 31189879 PMCID: PMC6561952 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An increased surface level of CIE (clathrin-independent endocytosis) proteins is a new feature of malignant neoplasms. CD147 is a CIE glycoprotein highly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ability to sort out the early endosome and directly target the recycling pathway confers on CD147 a prolonged surface half-life. However, current knowledge on CD147 trafficking to and from the cell-surface is limited. In this study, an MSP (membrane and secreted protein)-cDNA library was screened against EpoR/LR-F3/CD147EP-expressed cells by MAPPIT (mammalian protein–protein interaction trap). CD147 co-expressing with the new binder was investigated by GEPIA (gene expression profiling interactive analysis). The endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking and recycling of CD147 were measured by confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and biotin-labeled chase assays, respectively. Rab GTPase activation was checked by GST-RBD pull-down and MMP activity was measured by gelatin zymography. HCC malignant phenotypes were determined by cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, Transwell motility, and invasion assays. An ER-Golgi-resident transmembrane protein YIPF2 was identified as an intracellular binder to CD147. YIPF2 correlated and co-expressed with CD147, which is a survival predictor for HCC patients. YIPF2 is critical for CD147 glycosylation and trafficking functions in HCC cells. YIPF2 acts as a Rab-GDF (GDI-displacement factor) regulating three independent trafficking steps. First, YIPF2 recruits and activates Rab5 and Rab22a GTPases to the endomembrane structures. Second, YIPF2 modulates the endocytic recycling of CD147 through distinctive regulation on Rab5 and Rab22a. Third, YIPF2 mediates the mature processing of CD147 via the ER-Golgi trafficking route. Decreased YIPF2 expression induced a CD147 efficient delivery to the cell-surface, promoted MMP secretion, and enhanced the adhesion, motility, migration, and invasion behaviors of HCC cells. Thus, YIPF2 is a new trafficking determinant essential for CD147 glycosylation and transport. Our findings revealed a novel YIPF2-controlled ER-Golgi trafficking signature that promotes CD147-medated malignant phenotypes in HCC.
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-driven form of clathrin-independent endocytosis that generates an enlarged structure, the macropinosome. Although many studies focus on signaling molecules and phosphoinositides involved in initiating macropinocytosis, the commitment to forming a macropinosome and the handling of that membrane have not been studied in detail. Here we show in HT1080 cells, a human fibrosarcoma cell line, a requirement for microtubules, dynein, the JIP3 microtubule motor scaffold protein, and Arf6, a JIP3 interacting protein, for the formation and inward movement of the macropinosome. While actin and myosin II also play critical roles in the formation of ruffling membrane, microtubules provide an important tract for initiation, sealing, and transport of the macropinosome through the actin- and myosin-rich lamellar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Williamson
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and.,Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Julie G Donaldson
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and
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42
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter dynein) is an essential cellular motor that drives the movement of diverse cargos along the microtubule cytoskeleton, including organelles, vesicles and RNAs. A long-standing question is how a single form of dynein can be adapted to a wide range of cellular functions in both interphase and mitosis. Recent progress has provided new insights - dynein interacts with a group of activating adaptors that provide cargo-specific and/or function-specific regulation of the motor complex. Activating adaptors such as BICD2 and Hook1 enhance the stability of the complex that dynein forms with its required activator dynactin, leading to highly processive motility toward the microtubule minus end. Furthermore, activating adaptors mediate specific interactions of the motor complex with cargos such as Rab6-positive vesicles or ribonucleoprotein particles for BICD2, and signaling endosomes for Hook1. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight the conserved structural features found in dynein activators, the effects of these activators on biophysical parameters, such as motor velocity and stall force, and the specific intracellular functions they mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Olenick
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Etoh K, Fukuda M. Rab10 regulates tubular endosome formation through KIF13A and KIF13B motors. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226977. [PMID: 30700496 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling endosomes are stations that sort endocytic cargoes to their appropriate destinations. Tubular endosomes have been characterized as a recycling endosomal compartment for clathrin-independent cargoes. However, the molecular mechanism by which tubular endosome formation is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, we identified Rab10 as a novel protein localized at tubular endosomes by using a comprehensive localization screen of EGFP-tagged Rab small GTPases. Knockout of Rab10 completely abolished tubular endosomal structures in HeLaM cells. We also identified kinesin motors KIF13A and KIF13B as novel Rab10-interacting proteins by means of in silico screening. The results of this study demonstrated that both the Rab10-binding homology domain and the motor domain of KIF13A are required for Rab10-positive tubular endosome formation. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism by which the Rab10-KIF13A (or KIF13B) complex regulates tubular endosome formation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Etoh
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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44
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Dwivedi D, Chawla P, Sharma M. Incorporating Motility in the Motor: Role of the Hook Protein Family in Regulating Dynein Motility. Biochemistry 2019; 58:1026-1031. [PMID: 30702276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a retrograde microtubule-based motor transporting cellular cargo, including organelles, vesicular intermediates, RNA granules, and proteins, thus regulating their subcellular distribution and function. Mammalian dynein associates with dynactin, a multisubunit protein complex that is necessary for the processive motility of dynein along the microtubule tracks. Recent studies have shown that the interaction between dynein and dynactin is enhanced in the presence of a coiled-coil activating adaptor protein, which performs dual functions of recruiting dynein and dynactin to their cargoes and inducing the superprocessive motility of the motor complex. One such family of coiled-coil activating adaptor proteins is the Hook family of proteins that are conserved across evolution with three paralogs in the case of mammals, namely, HOOK1-HOOK3. This Perspective aims to provide an overview of the Hook protein structure and the cellular functions of Hook proteins, with an emphasis on the recent developments in understanding their role as activating dynein adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Mohali , Punjab 140306 , India
| | - Prateek Chawla
- Department of Biological Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Mohali , Punjab 140306 , India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Mohali , Punjab 140306 , India
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45
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Del Olmo T, Lauzier A, Normandin C, Larcher R, Lecours M, Jean D, Lessard L, Steinberg F, Boisvert FM, Jean S. APEX2-mediated RAB proximity labeling identifies a role for RAB21 in clathrin-independent cargo sorting. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47192. [PMID: 30610016 PMCID: PMC6362359 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB GTPases are central modulators of membrane trafficking. They are under the dynamic regulation of activating guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and inactivating GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Once activated, RABs recruit a large spectrum of effectors to control trafficking functions of eukaryotic cells. Multiple proteomic studies, using pull-down or yeast two-hybrid approaches, have identified a number of RAB interactors. However, due to the in vitro nature of these approaches and inherent limitations of each technique, a comprehensive definition of RAB interactors is still lacking. By comparing quantitative affinity purifications of GFP:RAB21 with APEX2-mediated proximity labeling of RAB4a, RAB5a, RAB7a, and RAB21, we find that APEX2 proximity labeling allows for the comprehensive identification of RAB regulators and interactors. Importantly, through biochemical and genetic approaches, we establish a novel link between RAB21 and the WASH and retromer complexes, with functional consequences on cargo sorting. Hence, APEX2-mediated proximity labeling of RAB neighboring proteins represents a new and efficient tool to define RAB functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Del Olmo
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Lauzier
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Normandin
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Larcher
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mia Lecours
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Jean
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lessard
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Jean
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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46
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Olenick MA, Dominguez R, Holzbaur ELF. Dynein activator Hook1 is required for trafficking of BDNF-signaling endosomes in neurons. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:220-233. [PMID: 30373907 PMCID: PMC6314548 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport is required for neuronal development and survival. Transport from the axon to the soma is driven by the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein, yet it remains unclear how dynein is spatially and temporally regulated. We find that the dynein effector Hook1 mediates transport of TrkB-BDNF-signaling endosomes in primary hippocampal neurons. Hook1 comigrates with a subpopulation of Rab5 endosomes positive for TrkB and BDNF, which exhibit processive retrograde motility with faster velocities than the overall Rab5 population. Knockdown of Hook1 significantly reduced the motility of BDNF-signaling endosomes without affecting the motility of other organelles. In microfluidic chambers, Hook1 depletion resulted in a significant decrease in the flux and processivity of BDNF-Qdots along the mid-axon, an effect specific for Hook1 but not Hook3. Hook1 depletion inhibited BDNF trafficking to the soma and blocked downstream BDNF- and TrkB-dependent signaling to the nucleus. Together, these studies support a model in which differential association with cargo-specific effectors efficiently regulates dynein in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Olenick
- The Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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47
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Updegraff BL, Zhou X, Guo Y, Padanad MS, Chen PH, Yang C, Sudderth J, Rodriguez-Tirado C, Girard L, Minna JD, Mishra P, DeBerardinis RJ, O'Donnell KA. Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS11B Promotes Lung Cancer Growth by Enhancing Lactate Export and Glycolytic Metabolism. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2223-2233.e6. [PMID: 30463017 PMCID: PMC6338450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer remain incompletely understood. We identify the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS11B as a gene that promotes transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). TMPRSS11B is upregulated in human lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), and high expression is associated with poor survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. TMPRSS11B inhibition in human LSCCs reduces transformation and tumor growth. Given that TMPRSS11B harbors an extracellular (EC) protease domain, we hypothesized that catalysis of a membrane-bound substrate modulates tumor progression. Interrogation of a set of soluble receptors revealed that TMPRSS11B promotes solubilization of Basigin, an obligate chaperone of the lactate monocarboxylate transporter MCT4. Basigin release mediated by TMPRSS11B enhances lactate export and glycolytic metabolism, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. These findings establish an oncogenic role for TMPRSS11B and provide support for the development of therapies that target this enzyme at the surface of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett L Updegraff
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Department of Immunology, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yabin Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Mahesh S Padanad
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chendong Yang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Tirado
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kathryn A O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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48
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The actin capping protein in Aspergillus nidulans enhances dynein function without significantly affecting Arp1 filament assembly. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11419. [PMID: 30061726 PMCID: PMC6065395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The minus-end-directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein requires the dynactin complex for in vivo functions. The backbone of the vertebrate dynactin complex is the Arp1 (actin-related protein 1) mini-filament whose barbed end binds to the heterodimeric actin capping protein. However, it is unclear whether the capping protein is a dynactin component in lower eukaryotic organisms, especially because it does not appear to be a component of the budding yeast dynactin complex. Here our biochemical data show that the capping protein is a component of the dynactin complex in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Moreover, deletion of the gene encoding capping protein alpha (capA) results in a defect in both nuclear distribution and early-endosome transport, two dynein-mediated processes. However, the defect in either process is less severe than that exhibited by a dynein heavy chain mutant or the ∆p25 mutant of dynactin. In addition, loss of capping protein does not significantly affect the assembly of the dynactin Arp1 filament or the formation of the dynein-dynactin-∆C-HookA (Hook in A. nidulans) complex. These results suggest that fungal capping protein is not important for Arp1 filament assembly but its presence is required for enhancing dynein function in vivo.
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49
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Abstract
The maintenance of cell surface proteins is critical to the ability of a cell to sense and respond to information in its environment. As such, modulation of cell surface composition and receptor trafficking is a potentially important target of control in virus infection. Sorting endosomes (SEs) are control stations regulating the recycling or degradation of internalized plasma membrane proteins. Here we report that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus, alters the fate of internalized clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) cargo proteins, retaining them in virally reprogrammed SEs. We show that the small G protein ARF6 (ADP ribosylation factor 6), a regulator of CIE trafficking, is highly associated with SE membranes relative to uninfected cells. Combined with the observation of accumulated CIE cargo at the SE, these results suggest that infection diminishes the egress of ARF6 and its cargo from the SE. Expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6), also known as TRE17, was sufficient to restore ARF6 and some ARF6 cargo trafficking to the cell surface in infected cells. The USP activity of TRE17 was required to rescue both ARF6 and associated cargo from SE retention in infection. The finding that TRE17 expression does not rescue the trafficking of all CIE cargos retained at SEs in infection suggests that HCMV hijacks the normal sorting machinery and selectively sorts specific cargos into endocytic microdomains that are subject to alternative sorting fates. Cells maintain their surface composition, take up nutrients, and respond to their environment through the internalization and recycling of cargo at the cell surface through endocytic trafficking pathways. During infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), host endocytic membranes are reorganized into a juxtanuclear structure associated with viral assembly and egress. Less appreciated is the effect of this reorganization on the trafficking of host proteins through the endocytic pathway. We show that HCMV retains internalized cargo and the effector of clathrin-independent endocytosis at sorting endosomes. The retention of some cargo, but not all, was reversed by overexpression of a ubiquitin-specific protease, TRE17. Our results demonstrate that HCMV induces profound reprogramming of endocytic trafficking and influences cargo sorting decisions. Further, our work suggests the presence of a novel ubiquitin-regulated checkpoint for the recycling of cargo from sorting endosome. These findings have important implications for host signaling and immune pathways in the context of HCMV infection.
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50
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is an important microtubule-based motor in many eukaryotic cells. Dynein has critical roles both in interphase and during cell division. Here, we focus on interphase cargoes of dynein, which include membrane-bound organelles, RNAs, protein complexes and viruses. A central challenge in the field is to understand how a single motor can transport such a diverse array of cargoes and how this process is regulated. The molecular basis by which each cargo is linked to dynein and its cofactor dynactin has started to emerge. Of particular importance for this process is a set of coiled-coil proteins - activating adaptors - that both recruit dynein-dynactin to their cargoes and activate dynein motility.
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