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Mi J, Ren L, Andersson O. Leveraging zebrafish to investigate pancreatic development, regeneration, and diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00124-2. [PMID: 38825440 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become an outstanding model for studying organ development and tissue regeneration, which is prominently leveraged for studies of pancreatic development, insulin-producing β-cells, and diabetes. Although studied for more than two decades, many aspects remain elusive and it has only recently been possible to investigate these due to technical advances in transcriptomics, chemical-genetics, genome editing, drug screening, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review recent findings on zebrafish pancreas development, β-cell regeneration, and how zebrafish can be used to provide novel insights into gene functions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in diabetes, inspiring further use of zebrafish for the development of novel therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Ko J, Fonseca VA, Wu H. Pax4 in Health and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098283. [PMID: 37175989 PMCID: PMC10179455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired box 4 (Pax4) is a key transcription factor involved in the embryonic development of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Consisting of a conserved paired box domain and a homeodomain, this transcription factor plays an essential role in early endocrine progenitor cells, where it is necessary for cell-fate commitment towards the insulin-secreting β cell lineage. Knockout of Pax4 in animal models leads to the absence of β cells, which is accompanied by a significant increase in glucagon-producing α cells, and typically results in lethality within days after birth. Mutations in Pax4 that cause an impaired Pax4 function are associated with diabetes pathogenesis in humans. In adulthood, Pax4 expression is limited to a distinct subset of β cells that possess the ability to proliferate in response to heightened metabolic needs. Upregulation of Pax4 expression is known to promote β cell survival and proliferation. Additionally, ectopic expression of Pax4 in pancreatic islet α cells or δ cells has been found to generate functional β-like cells that can improve blood glucose regulation in experimental diabetes models. Therefore, Pax4 represents a promising therapeutic target for the protection and regeneration of β cells in the treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to provide a thorough and up-to-date overview of the role of Pax4 in pancreatic β cells and its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Ko
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongju Wu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Wei T, Wei R, Hong T. Regeneration of β cells from cell phenotype conversion among the pancreatic endocrine cells. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2022; 8:1-4. [PMID: 35620156 PMCID: PMC9128562 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
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5
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Karlsson D, Ahnmark A, Sabirsh A, Andréasson AC, Gennemark P, Sandinge AS, Chen L, Tyrberg B, Lindén D, Sörhede Winzell M. Inhibition of SGLT2 Preserves Function and Promotes Proliferation of Human Islets Cells In Vivo in Diabetic Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020203. [PMID: 35203411 PMCID: PMC8868601 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used for the treatment of diabetes. This study examines the effects of dapagliflozin on human islets, focusing on alpha and beta cell composition in relation to function in vivo, following treatment of xeno-transplanted diabetic mice. Mouse beta cells were ablated by alloxan, and dapagliflozin was provided in the drinking water while controls received tap water. Body weight, food and water intake, plasma glucose, and human C-peptide levels were monitored, and intravenous arginine/glucose tolerance tests (IVarg GTT) were performed to evaluate islet function. The grafted human islets were isolated at termination and stained for insulin, glucagon, Ki67, caspase 3, and PDX-1 immunoreactivity in dual and triple combinations. In addition, human islets were treated in vitro with dapagliflozin at different glucose concentrations, followed by insulin and glucagon secretion measurements. SGLT2 inhibition increased the animal survival rate and reduced plasma glucose, accompanied by sustained human C-peptide levels and improved islet response to glucose/arginine. SGLT2 inhibition increased both alpha and beta cell proliferation (Ki67+glucagon+ and Ki67+insulin+) while apoptosis was reduced (caspase3+glucagon+ and caspase3+insulin+). Alpha cells were fewer following inhibition of SGLT2 with increased glucagon/PDX-1 double-positive cells, a marker of alpha to beta cell transdifferentiation. In vitro treatment of human islets with dapagliflozin had no apparent impact on islet function. In summary, SGLT2 inhibition supported human islet function in vivo in the hyperglycemic milieu and potentially promoted alpha to beta cell transdifferentiation, most likely through an indirect mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (A.A.); (A.-C.A.); (L.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Andrea Ahnmark
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (A.A.); (A.-C.A.); (L.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (A.A.); (A.-C.A.); (L.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (A.-S.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandinge
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (A.-S.S.)
| | - Lihua Chen
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (A.A.); (A.-C.A.); (L.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (A.A.); (A.-C.A.); (L.C.); (D.L.)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Sörhede Winzell
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43150 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (A.A.); (A.-C.A.); (L.C.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Garrido-Utrilla A, Ayachi C, Friano ME, Atlija J, Balaji S, Napolitano T, Silvano S, Druelle N, Collombat P. Conversion of Gastrointestinal Somatostatin-Expressing D Cells Into Insulin-Producing Beta-Like Cells Upon Pax4 Misexpression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:861922. [PMID: 35573999 PMCID: PMC9103212 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.861922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune-mediated loss of insulin-producing beta-cells. Accordingly, important research efforts aim at regenerating these lost beta-cells by converting pre-existing endogenous cells. Following up on previous results demonstrating the conversion of pancreatic somatostatin delta-cells into beta-like cells upon Pax4 misexpression and acknowledging that somatostatin-expressing cells are highly represented in the gastrointestinal tract, one could wonder whether this Pax4-mediated conversion could also occur in the GI tract. We made use of transgenic mice misexpressing Pax4 in somatostatin cells (SSTCrePOE) to evaluate a putative Pax4-mediated D-to-beta-like cell conversion. Additionally, we implemented an ex vivo approach based on mice-derived gut organoids to assess the functionality of these neo-generated beta-like cells. Our results outlined the presence of insulin+ cells expressing several beta-cell markers in gastrointestinal tissues of SSTCrePOE animals. Further, using lineage tracing, we established that these cells arose from D cells. Lastly, functional tests on mice-derived gut organoids established the ability of neo-generated beta-like cells to release insulin upon stimulation. From this study, we conclude that the misexpression of Pax4 in D cells appears sufficient to convert these into functional beta-like cells, thus opening new research avenues in the context of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garrido-Utrilla
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Chaïma Ayachi
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Marika Elsa Friano
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Josipa Atlija
- Department of Cryopreservation, Distribution, Typing and Animal Archiving, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité d'Appui à la Recherche (CNRS-UAR) 44 Typage et Archivage d’Animaux Modèles (TAAM), Orléans, France
| | - Shruti Balaji
- PlantaCorp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tiziana Napolitano
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Serena Silvano
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Noémie Druelle
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Noémie Druelle, ; Patrick Collombat,
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Noémie Druelle, ; Patrick Collombat,
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Alvarez Fallas ME, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Cujba AM, Manea T, Lambert C, Morrugares R, Sancho R. Stem/progenitor cells in normal physiology and disease of the pancreas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111459. [PMID: 34543699 PMCID: PMC8573583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly due to contradicting results on regeneration after injury or disease in mice. Despite these controversies, sequencing advancements combined with lineage tracing and organoid technologies indicate that homeostatic and trigger-induced regenerative responses in mice could occur. The presence of putative progenitor cells in the adult pancreas has been proposed during homeostasis and upon different stress challenges such as inflammation, tissue damage and oncogenic stress. More recently, single cell transcriptomics has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in all pancreas cell types, with some cells showing the signature of potential progenitors. In this review we provide an overview on embryonic and putative adult pancreas progenitors in homeostasis and disease, with special emphasis on in vitro culture systems and scRNA-seq technology as tools to address the progenitor nature of different pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Enrique Alvarez Fallas
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teodora Manea
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
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Gribben C, Lambert C, Messal HA, Hubber EL, Rackham C, Evans I, Heimberg H, Jones P, Sancho R, Behrens A. Ductal Ngn3-expressing progenitors contribute to adult β cell neogenesis in the pancreas. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2000-2008.e4. [PMID: 34478642 PMCID: PMC8577827 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ductal cells have been proposed as a source of adult β cell neogenesis, but this has remained controversial. By combining lineage tracing, 3D imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approaches, we show that ductal cells contribute to the β cell population over time. Lineage tracing using the Neurogenin3 (Ngn3)-CreERT line identified ductal cells expressing the endocrine master transcription factor Ngn3 that were positive for the δ cell marker somatostatin and occasionally co-expressed insulin. The number of hormone-expressing ductal cells was increased in Akita+/- diabetic mice, and ngn3 heterozygosity accelerated diabetes onset. scRNA-seq of Ngn3 lineage-traced islet cells indicated that duct-derived somatostatin-expressing cells, some of which retained expression of ductal markers, gave rise to β cells. This study identified Ngn3-expressing ductal cells as a source of adult β cell neogenesis in homeostasis and diabetes, suggesting that this mechanism, in addition to β cell proliferation, maintains the adult islet β cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Chloe Rackham
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Evans
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Jones
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Axel Behrens
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK; Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK; Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, London SW7 2BU, UK.
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9
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Napolitano T, Avolio F, Silvano S, Forcisi S, Pfeifer A, Vieira A, Navarro-Sanz S, Friano ME, Ayachi C, Garrido-Utrilla A, Atlija J, Hadzic B, Becam J, Sousa-De-Veiga A, Plaisant MD, Balaji S, Pisani DF, Mondin M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Amri EZ, Collombat P. Gfi1 Loss Protects against Two Models of Induced Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112805. [PMID: 34831029 PMCID: PMC8616283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although several approaches have revealed much about individual factors that regulate pancreatic development, we have yet to fully understand their complicated interplay during pancreas morphogenesis. Gfi1 is transcription factor specifically expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, whose role in pancreas cells fate identity and specification is still elusive. Methods: In order to gain further insight into the function of this factor in the pancreas, we generated animals deficient for Gfi1 specifically in the pancreas. Gfi1 conditional knockout animals were phenotypically characterized by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and RNA scope. To assess the role of Gfi1 in the pathogenesis of diabetes, we challenged Gfi1-deficient mice with two models of induced hyperglycemia: long-term high-fat/high-sugar feeding and streptozotocin injections. Results: Interestingly, mutant mice did not show any obvious deleterious phenotype. However, in depth analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in pancreatic amylase expression, leading to a diminution in intestinal carbohydrates processing and thus glucose absorption. In fact, Gfi1-deficient mice were found resistant to diet-induced hyperglycemia, appearing normoglycemic even after long-term high-fat/high-sugar diet. Another feature observed in mutant acinar cells was the misexpression of ghrelin, a hormone previously suggested to exhibit anti-apoptotic effects on β-cells in vitro. Impressively, Gfi1 mutant mice were found to be resistant to the cytotoxic and diabetogenic effects of high-dose streptozotocin administrations, displaying a negligible loss of β-cells and an imperturbable normoglycemia. Conclusions: Together, these results demonstrate that Gfi1 could turn to be extremely valuable for the development of new therapies and could thus open new research avenues in the context of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Napolitano
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Fabio Avolio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Serena Silvano
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Sara Forcisi
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environment Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.F.); (P.S.-K.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Pfeifer
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Andhira Vieira
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | | | - Marika Elsa Friano
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Chaïma Ayachi
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Anna Garrido-Utrilla
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | | | - Biljana Hadzic
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hopital Archet 2, 06202 Nice, France;
| | - Jérôme Becam
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Anette Sousa-De-Veiga
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Magali Dodille Plaisant
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | | | - Didier F. Pisani
- Medicine Faculty, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, 06003 Nice, France;
| | - Magali Mondin
- Pôle Imagerie Photonique, Bordeaux Imaging Center, Université de Bordeaux, UMS 3420 CNRS-US4 Inserm, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environment Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.F.); (P.S.-K.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (T.N.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (M.E.F.); (C.A.); (A.G.-U.); (J.B.); (A.S.-D.-V.); (M.D.P.); (E.-Z.A.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Photoreceptor cKO of OTX2 Enhances OTX2 Intercellular Transfer in the Retina and Causes Photophobia. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0229-21.2021. [PMID: 34475267 PMCID: PMC8496205 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0229-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mature mouse retina, Otx2 is expressed in both retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor (PR) cells, and Otx2 knock-out (KO) in the RPE alone results in PR degeneration. To study the cell-autonomous function of OTX2 in PRs, we performed PR-specific Otx2 KO (cKO) in adults. As expected, the protein disappears completely from PR nuclei but is still observed in PR inner and outer segments while its level concomitantly decreases in the RPE, suggesting a transfer of OTX2 from RPE to PRs in response to Otx2 ablation in PRs. The ability of OTX2 to transfer from RPE to PRs was verified by viral expression of tagged-OTX2 in the RPE. Transferred OTX2 distributed across the PR cytoplasm, suggesting functions distinct from nuclear transcription regulation. PR-specific Otx2 cKO did not alter the structure of the retina but impaired the translocation of PR arrestin-1 on illumination changes, making mice photophobic. RNA-seq analyses following Otx2 KO revealed downregulation of genes involved in the cytoskeleton that might account for the arrestin-1 translocation defect, and of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) and signaling factors that may participate in the enhanced transfer of OTX2. Interestingly, several RPE-specific OTX2 target genes involved in melanogenesis were downregulated, lending weight to a decrease of OTX2 levels in the RPE following PR-specific Otx2 cKO. Our study reveals a new role of endogenous OTX2 in PR light adaptation and demonstrates the existence of OTX2 transfer from RPE to PR cells, which is increased on PR-specific Otx2 ablation and might participate in PR neuroprotection.
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11
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Parajuli KR, Zhang Y, Cao AM, Wang H, Fonseca VA, Wu H. Pax4 Gene Delivery Improves Islet Transplantation Efficacy by Promoting β Cell Survival and α-to-β Cell Transdifferentiation. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720958655. [PMID: 33086892 PMCID: PMC7784573 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720958655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax4 plays an essential role in the development of insulin-producing β cells in pancreatic islets. Ectopic Pax4 expression not only promotes β cell survival but also induces α-to-β cell transdifferentiation. This dual functionality of Pax4 makes it an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we demonstrated that Pax4 gene delivery by an adenoviral vector, Ad5.Pax4, improved β cell function of mouse and human islets by promoting islet cell survival and α-to-β cell transdifferentiation, as assessed by multiple viability assays and lineage-tracing analysis. We then explored the therapeutic benefits of Pax4 gene delivery in the context of islet transplantation using T1D mouse models. Both mouse-to-mouse and human-to-mouse islet transplantation, via either kidney capsule or portal vein, were examined. In all settings, Ad5.Pax4-treated donor islets (mouse or human) showed substantially better therapeutic outcomes. These results suggest that Pax4 gene delivery into donor islets may be considered as an adjunct therapy for islet transplantation, which can either improve the therapeutic outcome of islet transplantation using the same amount of donor islets or allow the use of fewer donor islets to achieve normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab R Parajuli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander M Cao
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hongju Wu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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12
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Villaça CDBP, de Paula CC, de Oliveira CC, Vilas-Boas EA, Dos Santos-Silva JC, de Oliveira SF, Abdulkader F, Ferreira SM, Ortis F. Beneficial effects of physical exercise for β-cell maintenance in a type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1482-1497. [PMID: 33913203 DOI: 10.1113/ep088872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) leads to hyperglycaemia owing to pancreatic β-cell destruction by the immune system. Physical exercise has been shown to have potentially beneficial protective roles against cytokine-induced pancreatic β-cell death, but its benefits are yet to be proved and should be understood better, especially in the islet environment. What is the main finding and its importance? Physical exercise protects against β-cell loss in a well-described animal model for T1D, induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. This seems to be related to reduced cytokine-induced β-cell death and increased islet cell proliferation. Contributions of islet neogenesis and/or transdifferentiation of pancreatic non-β-cells into β-cells cannot be excluded. ABSTRACT Physical exercise has beneficial effects on pancreatic β-cell function and survival in a pro-inflammatory environment. Although these effects have been linked to decreased islet inflammation and modulation of pro-apoptotic pathways, little is known about the islet microenvironment. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise in islet histomorphology in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. As expected, induction of type 1 diabetes mellitus led to β-cell loss and, consequently, decreased islet area. Interestingly, although the decrease in islet area was not prevented by physical exercise, this was not the case for the decrease in β-cell mass. This was probably related to induction of β-cell regeneration, because we observed increased proliferation and regeneration markers, such as Ki67 and Pcna, in islets of trained mice. These were found in the central and peripheral regions of the islets. An increase in the percentage of α- and δ-cells in these conditions, combined with an increase in proliferation and Pax4 labelling in peripheral regions, suggest that β-cell regeneration might also occur by transdifferentiation. This agrees with the presence of cells double stained for insulin and glucagon only in islets of diabetic trained mice. In addition, this group had more extra-islet insulin-positive cells and islets associated with ducts than diabetic mice. Physical exercise also decreased nuclear factor-κB activation in islet cells of diabetic trained compared with diabetic untrained mice, indicating a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell death. Taken together, these findings indicate that preservation of β-cell mass induced by physical exercise involves an increase in β-cell replication and decrease in β-cell death, together with islet neogenesis and islet cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Cavalcante de Paula
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cruz de Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Lorenzo PI, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Martín-Vázquez E, López-Noriega L, Gauthier BR. Harnessing the Endogenous Plasticity of Pancreatic Islets: A Feasible Regenerative Medicine Therapy for Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4239. [PMID: 33921851 PMCID: PMC8073058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency in functional pancreatic β-cells that leads to defective control of blood glucose. Current treatments for diabetes, despite their great beneficial effects on clinical symptoms, are not curative treatments, leading to a chronic dependence on insulin throughout life that does not prevent the secondary complications associated with diabetes. The overwhelming increase in DM incidence has led to a search for novel antidiabetic therapies aiming at the regeneration of the lost functional β-cells to allow the re-establishment of the endogenous glucose homeostasis. Here we review several aspects that must be considered for the development of novel and successful regenerative therapies for diabetes: first, the need to maintain the heterogeneity of islet β-cells with several subpopulations of β-cells characterized by different transcriptomic profiles correlating with differences in functionality and in resistance/behavior under stress conditions; second, the existence of an intrinsic islet plasticity that allows stimulus-mediated transcriptome alterations that trigger the transdifferentiation of islet non-β-cells into β-cells; and finally, the possibility of using agents that promote a fully functional/mature β-cell phenotype to reduce and reverse the process of dedifferentiation of β-cells during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra I. Lorenzo
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Eugenia Martín-Vázquez
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (N.C.-V.); (E.M.-V.); (L.L.-N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 028029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Engin AB, Engin A. Protein Kinases Signaling in Pancreatic Beta-cells Death and Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:195-227. [PMID: 33539017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide serious public health problem. Insulin resistance and β-cell failure are the two major components of T2D pathology. In addition to defective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling due to glucolipotoxicity, β-cell dysfunction or β-cell death initiates the deleterious vicious cycle observed in T2D. Although the primary cause is still unknown, overnutrition that contributes to the induction of the state of low-grade inflammation, and the activation of various protein kinases-related metabolic pathways are main factors leading to T2D. In this chapter following subjects, which have critical checkpoints regarding β-cell fate and protein kinases pathways are discussed; hyperglycemia-induced β-cell failure, chronic accumulation of unfolded protein in β-cells, the effect of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to insulin secretion, excessive saturated free fatty acid-induced β-cell apoptosis, mitophagy dysfunction, proinflammatory responses and insulin resistance, and the reprogramming of β-cell for differentiation or dedifferentiation in T2D. There is much debate about selecting proposed therapeutic strategies to maintain or enhance optimal β-cell viability for adequate insulin secretion in T2D. However, in order to achieve an effective solution in the treatment of T2D, more intensive clinical trials are required on newer therapeutic options based on protein kinases signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Reversal of autoimmunity by mixed chimerism enables reactivation of β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells in diabetic NOD mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31219-31230. [PMID: 33229527 PMCID: PMC7733788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012389117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cure of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires both reversal of autoimmunity and regeneration or resupply of insulin-producing β cells. We have observed that combination therapy with induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism and administration of gastrin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) cures firmly established T1D. The predominant source of β cell regeneration in mice comes from reactivation of dysfunctional insulinlo β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells. These studies have provided insights into β cell regeneration mechanisms in firmly established autoimmune T1D, in particular, reactivation of the insulinlo β cells after reversal of autoimmunity by induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism. These studies also provide a preclinical scientific basis for the feasibility of cure of long-standing T1D in humans. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells, so cure of firmly established T1D requires both reversal of autoimmunity and restoration of β cells. It is known that β cell regeneration in nonautoimmune diabetic mice can come from differentiation of progenitors and/or transdifferentiation of α cells. However, the source of β cell regeneration in autoimmune nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice remains unclear. Here, we show that, after reversal of autoimmunity by induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism, administration of gastrin plus epidermal growth factor augments β cell regeneration and normalizes blood glucose in the firmly established diabetic NOD mice. Using transgenic NOD mice with inducible lineage-tracing markers for insulin-producing β cells, Sox9+ ductal progenitors, Nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells, and glucagon-producing α cells, we have found that both reactivation of dysfunctional low-level insulin expression (insulinlo) β cells and neogenesis contribute to the regeneration, with the latter predominantly coming from transdifferentiation of α cells. These results indicate that, after reversal of autoimmunity, reactivation of β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells can provide sufficient new functional β cells to reach euglycemia in firmly established T1D.
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16
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Yu XX, Xu CR. Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev179051. [PMID: 32280064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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17
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Thakur G, Lee HJ, Jeon RH, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Small Molecule-Induced Pancreatic β-Like Cell Development: Mechanistic Approaches and Available Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2388. [PMID: 32235681 PMCID: PMC7178115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease which affects not only glucose metabolism but also lipid and protein metabolism. It encompasses two major types: type 1 and 2 diabetes. Despite the different etiologies of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively), the defining features of the two forms are insulin deficiency and resistance, respectively. Stem cell therapy is an efficient method for the treatment of diabetes, which can be achieved by differentiating pancreatic β-like cells. The consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin releasing cells remains challenging. In this review article, we present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which intermittently provides a basis for engineering differentiation procedures, mainly based on the use of small molecules. Small molecules are more auspicious than any other growth factors, as they have unique, valuable properties like cell-permeability, as well as a nonimmunogenic nature; furthermore, they offer immense benefits in terms of generating efficient functional beta-like cells. We also summarize advances in the generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic cell lineages, especially endocrine β-like cells or islet organoids. The successful induction of stem cells depends on the quantity and quality of available stem cells and the efficient use of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Thakur
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
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18
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A Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of the Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines BON-1 and QGP-1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030691. [PMID: 32183367 PMCID: PMC7140066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of neuroendocrine tumor disease are scarce, with only a few existing neuroendocrine tumor cell lines of pancreatic origin (panNET). Their molecular characterization has so far focused on the neuroendocrine phenotype and cancer-related mutations, while a transcription-based assessment of their developmental origin and malignant potential is lacking. In this study, we performed immunoblotting and qPCR analysis of neuroendocrine, epithelial, developmental endocrine-related genes as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of microRNAs (miRs) on three panNET cell lines, BON-1, QGP-1, and NT-3. All three lines displayed a neuroendocrine and epithelial phenotype; however, while insulinoma-derived NT-3 cells preferentially expressed markers of mature functional pancreatic β-cells (i.e., INS, MAFA), both BON-1 and QGP-1 displayed high expression of genes associated with immature or non-functional β/δ-cells genes (i.e., NEUROG3), or pancreatic endocrine progenitors (i.e., FOXA2). NGS-based identification of miRs in BON-1 and QGP-1 cells revealed the presence of all six members of the miR-17–92 cluster, which have been implicated in β-cell function and differentiation, but also have roles in cancer being both oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Notably, both BON-1 and QGP-1 cells expressed several miRs known to be negatively associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion or metastasis. Moreover, both cell lines failed to exhibit migratory activity in vitro. Taken together, NT-3 cells resemble mature functional β-cells, while both BON-1 and QGP-1 are more similar to immature/non-functional pancreatic β/δ-cells or pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Based on the recent identification of three transcriptional subtypes in panNETs, NT-3 cells resemble the “islet/insulinoma tumors” (IT) subtype, while BON-1 and QGP-1 cells were tentatively classified as “metastasis-like/primary” (MLP). Our results provide a comprehensive characterization of three panNET cell lines and demonstrate their relevance as neuroendocrine tumor models.
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Villalba A, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Perna-Barrull D, Ampudia RM, Gomez-Muñoz L, Pujol-Autonell I, Aguilera E, Coma M, Cano-Sarabia M, Vázquez F, Verdaguer J, Vives-Pi M. Repurposed Analog of GLP-1 Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Mice Through Pancreatic Cell Reprogramming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:258. [PMID: 32477262 PMCID: PMC7237704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. An ideal immunotherapy should combine the blockade of the autoimmune response with the recovery of functional target cell mass. With the aim to develop new therapies for type 1 diabetes that could contribute to β-cell mass restoration, a drug repositioning analysis based on systems biology was performed to identify the β-cell regenerative potential of commercially available compounds. Drug repositioning is a strategy used for identifying new uses for approved drugs that are outside the scope of the medical indication. A list of 28 non-synonymous repurposed drug candidates was obtained, and 16 were selected as diabetes mellitus type 1 treatment candidates regarding pancreatic β-cell regeneration. Drugs with poor safety profile were further filtered out. Lastly, we selected liraglutide for its predictive efficacy values for neogenesis, transdifferentiation of α-cells, and/or replication of pre-existing β-cells. Liraglutide is an analog of glucagon-like peptide-1, a drug used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide was tested in immunodeficient NOD-Scid IL2rg-/- (NSG) mice with type 1 diabetes. Liraglutide significantly improved the blood glucose levels in diabetic NSG mice. During the treatment, a significant increase in β-cell mass was observed due to a boost in β-cell number. Both parameters were reduced after withdrawal. Interestingly, islet bihormonal glucagon+insulin+ cells and insulin+ ductal cells arose during treatment. In vitro experiments showed an increase of insulin and glucagon gene expression in islets cultured with liraglutide in normoglycemia conditions. These results point to β-cell replacement, including transdifferentiation and neogenesis, as aiding factors and support the role of liraglutide in β-cell mass restoration in type 1 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism of action of this drug could have potential clinical relevance in this autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Ampudia
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Aguilera
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Federico Vázquez
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Vives-Pi
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20
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Zhang T, Wang H, Wang T, Wei C, Jiang H, Jiang S, Yang J, Shao J, Ma L. Pax4 synergistically acts with Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA to induce HuMSCs to differentiate into functional pancreatic β-cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2592-2598. [PMID: 31572507 PMCID: PMC6755441 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been indicated that the combination of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), MAF bZIP transcription factor A (MafA) and neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) was able to reprogram various cell types towards pancreatic β-like cells (pβLCs). Paired box 4 (Pax4), a transcription factor, has a key role in regulating the maturation of pancreatic β-cells (pβCs). In the present study, it was investigated whether Pax4 is able to synergistically act with Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA to induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) to differentiate into functional pβCs in vitro. HuMSCs were isolated, cultured and separately transfected with adenovirus (Ad) expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein, Pax4 (Ad-Pax4), Pdx1+MafA+Ngn3 (Ad-3F) or Ad-Pxa4 + Ad-3F. The expression of C-peptide, insulin and glucagon was detected by immunofluorescence. The transcription of a panel of genes was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, including glucagon (GCG), insulin (INS), NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6-1), solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2), glucokinase (GCK), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1), ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL 1), Pax6 and PCSK type 2 (PCSK2). Insulin secretion stimulated by glucose was determined using ELISA. The results suggested that, compared with Ad-3F alone, cells co-transfected with Ad-Pax4 and Ad-3F expressed higher levels of INS and C-peptide, as well as genes expressed in pancreatic β precursor cells, and secreted more insulin in response to high glucose. Furthermore, the expression of GCG in cells transfected with Ad-3F was depressed by Ad-Pax4. The present study demonstrated that Pax4 was able to synergistically act with the transcription factors Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA to convert HuMSCs to functional pβLCs. HuMSCs may be potential seed cells for generating functional pβLCs in the therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematological Tumor Center, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Chiju Wei
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Shayi Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Shao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Jingbo Shao, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Molecular Medicine in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
- Dr Lian Ma, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China, E-mail:
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21
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells in the pancreas. Individuals are treated for this disease with lifelong insulin replacement. However, one attractive treatment possibility is to reprogram an individual’s endogenous cells to acquire the ability to secrete insulin, essentially replacing destroyed β-cells. Herein, we review the literature on the topic of reprogramming endodermal cells to produce insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M McKimpson
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Columbia University, New York, New York
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22
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Dirice E, De Jesus DF, Kahraman S, Basile G, Ng RW, El Ouaamari A, Teo AKK, Bhatt S, Hu J, Kulkarni RN. Human duct cells contribute to β cell compensation in insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2019; 4:99576. [PMID: 30996131 PMCID: PMC6538348 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new sources of β cells is an important endeavor with therapeutic implications for diabetes. Insulin resistance, in physiological states such as pregnancy or in pathological states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), is characterized by a compensatory increase in β cell mass. To explore the existence of a dynamic β cell reserve, we superimposed pregnancy on the liver-specific insulin receptor-KO (LIRKO) model of insulin resistance that already exhibits β cell hyperplasia and used lineage tracing to track the source of new β cells. Although both control and LIRKO mice displayed increased β cell mass in response to the relative insulin resistance of pregnancy, the further increase in mass in the latter supported a dynamic source that could be traced to pancreatic ducts. Two observations support the translational significance of these findings. First, NOD/SCID-γ LIRKO mice that became pregnant following cotransplantation of human islets and human ducts under the kidney capsule showed enhanced β cell proliferation and an increase in ductal cells positive for transcription factors expressed during β cell development. Second, we identified duct cells positive for immature β cell markers in pancreas sections from pregnant humans and in individuals with T2D. Taken together, during increased insulin demand, ductal cells contribute to the compensatory β cell pool by differentiation/neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Raymond W.S. Ng
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Gu L, Cui X, Lang S, Wang H, Hong T, Wei R. Glucagon receptor antagonism increases mouse pancreatic δ-cell mass through cell proliferation and duct-derived neogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:864-870. [PMID: 30929915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic δ-cells, which produce somatostatin, play an indispensable role in glucose homeostasis by inhibiting glucagon and insulin secretion in a paracrine manner. Recent studies have shown that δ-cells are couple with β-cells to suppress α-cell activity. Under certain circumstances, δ-cells could also be trans-differentiated into insulin-producing β-cells. Thus, pancreatic islet may benefit from δ-cell hyperplasia. However, an effective way to increase δ-cell mass has been rarely reported. Here, we found that REMD 2.59, a human monoclonal antibody and competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor, massively boosted δ-cell number and increased plasma somatostatin level in both normoglycemic and type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice. The increased δ-cells were due to both δ-cell proliferation and derivation of duct lining cells. Notably, the enlarged δ-cell mass could reduce β-cell burdens by inducing FoxO1 nuclear translocation in normoglycemic mice. Moreover, some somatostatin-positive cells were co-localized with C-peptide in T1D mice, suggesting that δ-cells might be a source of the newborn β-cells. Collectively, these observations suggest that treatment with the glucagon receptor monoclonal antibody can increase pancreatic δ-cell mass by promoting self-replication and inducing duct-derived neogenesis both in normoglycemia and diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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24
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Zhong F, Jiang Y. Endogenous Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration: A Potential Strategy for the Recovery of β Cell Deficiency in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30842756 PMCID: PMC6391341 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous pancreatic β cell regeneration is a potential strategy for β cell expansion or neogenesis to treat diabetes. Regeneration can occur through stimulation of existing β cell replication or conversion of other pancreatic cells into β cells. Recently, various strategies and approaches for stimulation of endogenous β cell regeneration have been evaluated, but they were not suitable for clinical application. In this paper, we comprehensively review these strategies, and further discuss various factors involved in regulation of β cell regeneration under physiological or pathological conditions, such as mediators, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and potential pharmaceutical drugs. Furthermore, we discuss possible reasons for the failure of regenerative medicines in clinical trials, and possible strategies for improving β cell regeneration. As β cell heterogeneity and plasticity determines their function and environmental adaptability, we focus on β cell subtype markers and discuss the importance of research evaluating the characteristics of new β cells. In addition, based on the autoimmunologic features of type 1 diabetes, NOD/Lt-SCID-IL2rg null (NSG) mice grafted with human immune cells and β cells are recommended for use in evaluation of antidiabetic regenerative medicines. This review will further understand current advances in endogenous β cell regeneration, and provide potential new strategies for the treatment of diabetes focused on cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Therapeutic potential of pancreatic PAX4-regulated pathways in treating diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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