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Choi J, Jang H, Xuan Z, Park D. Emerging roles of ATG9/ATG9A in autophagy: implications for cell and neurobiology. Autophagy 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39099167 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2384349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atg9, the only transmembrane protein among many autophagy-related proteins, was first identified in the year 2000 in yeast. Two homologs of Atg9, ATG9A and ATG9B, have been found in mammals. While ATG9B shows a tissue-specific expression pattern, such as in the placenta and pituitary gland, ATG9A is ubiquitously expressed. Additionally, ATG9A deficiency leads to severe defects not only at the molecular and cellular levels but also at the organismal level, suggesting key and fundamental roles for ATG9A. The subcellular localization of ATG9A on small vesicles and its functional relevance to autophagy have suggested a potential role for ATG9A in the lipid supply during autophagosome biogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise role of ATG9A in the autophagic process has remained a long-standing mystery, especially in neurons. Recent findings, however, including structural, proteomic, and biochemical analyses, have provided new insights into its function in the expansion of the phagophore membrane. In this review, we aim to understand various aspects of ATG9 (in invertebrates and plants)/ATG9A (in mammals), including its localization, trafficking, and other functions, in nonneuronal cells and neurons by comparing recent discoveries related to ATG9/ATG9A and proposing directions for future research.Abbreviation: AP-4: adaptor protein complex 4; ATG: autophagy related; cKO: conditional knockout; CLA-1: CLArinet (functional homolog of cytomatrix at the active zone proteins piccolo and fife); cryo-EM: cryogenic electron microscopy; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KO: knockout; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SV: synaptic vesicle; TGN: trans-Golgi network; ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Choi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Haeun Jang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Zhao Xuan
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Daehun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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2
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Iibushi J, Nozawa T, Toh H, Nakagawa I. ATG9B regulates bacterial internalization via actin rearrangement. iScience 2024; 27:109623. [PMID: 38706859 PMCID: PMC11066431 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacterial pathogens are internalized by host cells through endocytosis, which is regulated by a cascade of actin rearrangement signals triggered by host cell receptors or bacterial proteins delivered into host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate actin rearrangement to promote bacterial invasion are not fully understood. Here, we show that the autophagy-related (ATG) protein ATG9B regulates the internalization of various bacteria by controlling actin rearrangement. ATG knockout screening and knockdown experiments in HeLa cells identified ATG9B as a critical factor for bacterial internalization. In particular, cells with ATG9B knockdown exhibited an accumulation of actin filaments and phosphorylated LIM kinase and cofilin, suggesting that ATG9B is involved in actin depolymerization. Furthermore, the kinase activity of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 was found to regulate ATG9B localization and actin remodeling. These findings revealed a newly discovered function of ATG proteins in bacterial infection rather than autophagy-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Iibushi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Wang J, Wang X, Chen F, Ning Q, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wei W, Leng M, Wang Z, Jin P, Li Q. N6-Methyladenosine Modification of lncCCKAR-5 Regulates Autophagy in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Destabilizing LMNA and Inhibits Diabetic Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1148-1160.e15. [PMID: 38242315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are pivotal contributors to the development of human diseases. However, their significance in the context of diabetic wound healing regulated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) remains unclear. This study sheds light on the involvement of lncCCKAR5 in this process. We found that hUCMSCs exposed to high glucose conditions exhibited a significant downregulation of lncCCKAR5 expression, and lncCCKAR5 played a critical role in modulating autophagy, thus inhibiting apoptosis in hUCMSCs. In addition, the reduction of lncCCKAR5 in cells exposed to high glucose effectively thwarted cellular senescence and facilitated filopodium formation. Mechanistically, lncCCKAR5 served as a scaffold that facilitated the interaction between MKRN2 and LMNA, a key regulator of cytoskeletal function and autophagy. The lncCCKAR5/LMNA/MKRN2 complex played a pivotal role in promoting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of LMNA, with this effect being further augmented by N6-adenosine methylation of lncCCKAR5. Consequently, our findings underscore the critical role of lncCCKAR5 in regulating the autophagic process in hUCMSCs, particularly through protein ubiquitination and degradation. This intricate regulatory network presents a promising avenue for potential therapeutic interventions in the context of diabetic wound healing involving hUCMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Feifei Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ning
- Institute of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - YuTing Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wuhan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peisheng Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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4
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Lin CY, Wu KY, Chi LM, Tang YH, Huang HJ, Lai CH, Tsai CN, Tsai CL. Starvation-inactivated MTOR triggers cell migration via a ULK1-SH3PXD2A/TKS5-MMP14 pathway in ovarian carcinoma. Autophagy 2023; 19:3151-3168. [PMID: 37505094 PMCID: PMC10621272 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CHX: cycloheximide; RAD001: everolimus; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry; MMP14: matrix metallopeptidase 14; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PX: phox homology; SH3: Src homology 3; SH3PXD2A/TKS5: SH3 and PX domains 2A; SH3PXD2A-[6A]: S112A S142A S146A S147A S175A S348A mutant; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Lin
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Wu
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Tang
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jean Huang
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Tucheng District, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
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5
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Vale-Costa S, Etibor TA, Brás D, Sousa AL, Ferreira M, Martins GG, Mello VH, Amorim MJ. ATG9A regulates the dissociation of recycling endosomes from microtubules to form liquid influenza A virus inclusions. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002290. [PMID: 37983294 PMCID: PMC10695400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now established that many viruses that threaten public health establish condensates via phase transitions to complete their lifecycles, and knowledge on such processes may offer new strategies for antiviral therapy. In the case of influenza A virus (IAV), liquid condensates known as viral inclusions, concentrate the 8 distinct viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) that form IAV genome and are viewed as sites dedicated to the assembly of the 8-partite genomic complex. Despite not being delimited by host membranes, IAV liquid inclusions accumulate host membranes inside as a result of vRNP binding to the recycling endocytic marker Rab11a, a driver of the biogenesis of these structures. We lack molecular understanding on how Rab11a-recycling endosomes condensate specifically near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites upon IAV infection. We show here that liquid viral inclusions interact with the ER to fuse, divide, and slide. We uncover that, contrary to previous indications, the reported reduction in recycling endocytic activity is a regulated process rather than a competition for cellular resources involving a novel role for the host factor ATG9A. In infection, ATG9A mediates the removal of Rab11a-recycling endosomes carrying vRNPs from microtubules. We observe that the recycling endocytic usage of microtubules is rescued when ATG9A is depleted, which prevents condensation of Rab11a endosomes near the ER. The failure to produce viral inclusions accumulates vRNPs in the cytosol and reduces genome assembly and the release of infectious virions. We propose that the ER supports the dynamics of liquid IAV inclusions, with ATG9A facilitating their formation. This work advances our understanding on how epidemic and pandemic influenza genomes are formed. It also reveals the plasticity of recycling endosomes to undergo condensation in response to infection, disclosing new roles for ATG9A beyond its classical involvement in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vale-Costa
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Temitope Akhigbe Etibor
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela Brás
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Laura Sousa
- Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Advanced Imaging Facility (AIF), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gabriel G. Martins
- Advanced Imaging Facility (AIF), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Victor Hugo Mello
- Living Physics, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria João Amorim
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)—Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Oeiras, Portugal
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab (CBV), Católica Biomedical Research Centre (CBR), Católica Medical School—Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Suzuki M, Funakoshi T, Kumagai K, Komatsu M, Waguri S. ATG9A supports Chlamydia trachomatis infection via autophagy-independent mechanisms. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0277423. [PMID: 37707289 PMCID: PMC10580829 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02774-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infection can be regulated by autophagy-related (ATG) genes. Here, we found that the depletion of ATG9A, one of the core ATG genes, in HeLa cells suppressed C. trachomatis growth in the inclusion. The growth was restored by re-expressing ATG9A or an ATG9A mutant impairing lipid scramblase activity in ATG9A-knockout (KO) cells. Moreover, the depletion of lipid transfer proteins ATG2A/B, responsible for isolation membrane expansion together with ATG9A, did not significantly alter the growth, suggesting that the non-autophagic function of ATG9A supports C. trachomatis infection. ATG9A-KO cells showed no infection-induced redistribution of the Golgi from the perinuclear region to inclusion, which was restored by re-expressing the mutant but not the ATG9A mutant lacking an N-terminal adapter protein-binding domain. Re-expression of the N-terminal deletion mutant in ATG9A-KO cells did not rescue C. trachomatis growth, suggesting the importance of this domain for its growth. Although ATG9A-KO cells showed enhanced TBK1 activation, interferon (IFN)-β was not significantly increased, excluding the possibility that upregulation of stimulator of IFN genes (STING) signaling suppressed bacterial growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that the proper trafficking, rather than the isolation membrane expansion function, of ATG9A assists C. trachomatis growth in the inclusion. IMPORTANCE ATG9A is an autophagy-related gene that functions during the isolation membrane expansion process to form autophagosomes, but it also has other functions independent of autophagy. In this study, we employed ATG9A-deficient HeLa cells and found that the absence of ATG9A negatively impacted proliferation of Chlamydia trachomatis in inclusions. Furthermore, rescue experiments using ATG9A mutants revealed that this action was mediated not by its autophagic function but by its binding ability to clathrin adapter proteins. These findings suggest that the proper trafficking of ATG9A assists C. trachomatis growth in the inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Funakoshi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Kumagai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
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7
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Li H, Yu Z, Niu Z, Cheng Y, Wei Z, Cai Y, Ma F, Hu L, Zhu J, Zhang W. A neuroprotective role of Ufmylation through Atg9 in the aging brain of Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:129. [PMID: 37086384 PMCID: PMC11073442 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Ufmylation is a recently identified small ubiquitin-like modification, whose biological function and relevant cellular targets are poorly understood. Here we present evidence of a neuroprotective role for Ufmylation involving Autophagy-related gene 9 (Atg9) during Drosophila aging. The Ufm1 system ensures the health of aged neurons via Atg9 by coordinating autophagy and mTORC1, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) activity. Neuron-specific expression of Atg9 suppresses the age-associated movement defect and lethality caused by loss of Ufmylation. Furthermore, Atg9 is identified as a conserved target of Ufm1 conjugation mediated by Ddrgk1, a critical regulator of Ufmylation. Mammalian Ddrgk1 was shown to be indispensable for the stability of endogenous Atg9A protein in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Taken together, our findings might have important implications for neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hosptial of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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8
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Hu G, Hauk PJ, Zhang N, Elsegeiny W, Guardia CM, Kullas A, Crosby K, Deterding RR, Schedel M, Reynolds P, Abbott JK, Knight V, Pittaluga S, Raffeld M, Rosenzweig SD, Bonifacino JS, Uzel G, Williamson PR, Gelfand EW. Autophagy-associated immune dysregulation and hyperplasia in a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in ATG9A. Autophagy 2023; 19:678-691. [PMID: 35838483 PMCID: PMC9851204 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2093028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BCL10: BCL10 immune signaling adaptor; CARD11: caspase recruitment domain family member 11; CBM: CARD11-BCL10-MALT1; CR2: complement C3d receptor 2; EBNA: Epstein Barr nuclear antigen; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; FCGR3A; Fc gamma receptor IIIa; GLILD: granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease; HV: healthy volunteer; IKBKB/IKB kinase: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta; IL2RA: interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha; MALT1: MALT1 paracaspase; MS4A1: membrane spanning 4-domain A1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH: transcription factor; NCAM1: neural cell adhesion molecule 1; NFKB: nuclear factor kappa B; NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NK: natural killer; PTPRC: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C; SELL: selectin L; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; TR: T cell receptor; Tregs: regulatory T cells; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Hu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pia J Hauk
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology and Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Section Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Waleed Elsegeiny
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos M. Guardia
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Kullas
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Crosby
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robin R. Deterding
- Section Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology and Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Reynolds
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology and Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jordan K Abbott
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology and Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Section Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijaya Knight
- Section Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter R. Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Divisions of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology and Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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9
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Campisi D, Desrues L, Dembélé KP, Mutel A, Parment R, Gandolfo P, Castel H, Morin F. Chemotactic cell migration: the core autophagy protein ATG9A is at the leading edge. Autophagy 2022; 18:3037-3039. [PMID: 35468023 PMCID: PMC9673948 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2069903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicate that several components of the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery mediate additional functions, which do not depend on autophagosome biogenesis or lysosomal cargo degradation. In this context, we found that the core autophagy protein ATG9A participates in the chemotactic movement of several cell lines, including highly invasive glioblastoma cells. Accordingly, ATG9A-depleted cells are unable to form large and persistent leading-edge protrusions. By the design of an ATG9A-pHluorin construct and TIRF imaging, we established that ATG9A-positive vesicles are targeted toward the migration front, where their exocytosis is synchronized with protrusive activity. We finally demonstrated that ATG9A, through its interaction with clathrin adaptor complexes, controls the delivery of ITGB1 (integrin subunit beta 1) to the migration front and normal adhesion dynamics. Together, our work indicates that ATG9A protein has a wider role than anticipated and constitutes a critical component of vesicular trafficking allowing the expansion of cell protrusions and their anchorage to the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campisi
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Laurence Desrues
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Kleouforo-Paul Dembélé
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Mutel
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Renaud Parment
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Castel
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France,CONTACT Fabrice Morin Cancer and Brain Genomics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, 25 Rue Lucien Tesnière, CURIB, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, Rouen, France
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10
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Nondegradable ubiquitinated ATG9A organizes Golgi integrity and dynamics upon stresses. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111195. [PMID: 35977480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG9A is a highly conserved membrane protein required for autophagy initiation. It is trafficked from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the phagophore to act as a membrane source for autophagosome expansion. Here, we show that ATG9A is not just a passenger protein in the TGN but rather works in concert with GRASP55, a stacking factor for Golgi structure, to organize Golgi dynamics and integrity. Upon heat stress, the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH9 is promoted to ubiquitinate ATG9A in the form of K63 conjugation, and the nondegradable ubiquitinated ATG9A disperses from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm more intensely, accompanied by inhibiting GRASP55 oligomerization, further resulting in Golgi fragmentation. Knockout of ATG9A or MARCH9 largely prevents Golgi fragmentation and protects Golgi functions under heat and other Golgi stresses. Our results reveal a noncanonical function of ATG9A for Golgi dynamics and suggest the pathway for sensing Golgi stress via the MARCH9/ATG9A axis.
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11
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Hanna MG, Suen PH, Wu Y, Reinisch KM, De Camilli P. SHIP164 is a chorein motif lipid transfer protein that controls endosome-Golgi membrane traffic. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202111018. [PMID: 35499567 PMCID: PMC9067936 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes differ in protein and lipid composition as well as in the protein-lipid ratio. Thus, progression of membranous organelles along traffic routes requires mechanisms to control bilayer lipid chemistry and their abundance relative to proteins. The recent structural and functional characterization of VPS13-family proteins has suggested a mechanism through which lipids can be transferred in bulk from one membrane to another at membrane contact sites, and thus independently of vesicular traffic. Here, we show that SHIP164 (UHRF1BP1L) shares structural and lipid transfer properties with these proteins and is localized on a subpopulation of vesicle clusters in the early endocytic pathway whose membrane cargo includes the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR). Loss of SHIP164 disrupts retrograde traffic of these organelles to the Golgi complex. Our findings raise the possibility that bulk transfer of lipids to endocytic membranes may play a role in their traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Hanna
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Patreece H. Suen
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Karin M. Reinisch
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Kavli Institue for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
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12
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Larocque G, Royle SJ. Integrating intracellular nanovesicles into integrin trafficking pathways and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:335. [PMID: 35657500 PMCID: PMC9166830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane traffic controls the movement of proteins and lipids from one cellular compartment to another using a system of transport vesicles. Intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) are a newly described class of transport vesicles. These vesicles are small, carry diverse cargo, and are involved in multiple trafficking steps including anterograde traffic and endosomal recycling. An example of a biological process that they control is cell migration and invasion, due to their role in integrin recycling. In this review, we describe what is known so far about these vesicles. We discuss how INVs may integrate into established membrane trafficking pathways using integrin recycling as an example. We speculate where in the cell INVs have the potential to operate and we identify key questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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