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Mandapathil M, Visus C, Finn OJ, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Generation and immunosuppressive functions of p53-induced human adaptive regulatory T cells. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25514. [PMID: 24073385 PMCID: PMC3782015 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs, also called Tr1 cells) are generated in the periphery (circulation or tissue) of cancer patients upon the encounter of naïve CD4+ T cells with tumor-associated antigens. As p53 is often inactivated by genetic or epigenetic events during oncogenesis, p53-induced Tr1 cells might play a key role in establishing immunosuppressive networks in cancer patients. Tr1 cells were generated by co-culturing circulating CD4+CD25− T cells with autologous immature dendritic cells pulsed with a wild-type (WT) p53-derived peptide or an unrelated peptide derived from mucin 1 (MUC1). The Tr1 phenotype and the specificity for p53 of these cells were confirmed by multicolor flow cytometry. Moreover, the Tr1 cell-mediated suppression of T-cell proliferation was evaluated by CFSE-based flow cytometry, while their ability to alter the T-cell cytokine profile by ELISA and Luminex assays. The capacity of p53-induced Tr1 cells to suppress the generation and function of cytotoxic T lymphcoytes (CTLs) was assessed by flow cytometry and ELISPOT. Of note, low doses of the p53-derived peptide (p53low) induced greater numbers of Tr1 cells than the same peptide employed at high doses (p53high). Moreover, Tr1/p53low cells not secreted higher levels of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor β1, but also mediated more robust suppressive effects on CTL proliferation than Tr1/p53high cells. Tr1/p53low cells, Tr1/p53high cells, as well as Tr1 cells generated with low doses of an unrelated MUC1-derived peptide were equally effective in suppressing the expansion and antitumor activity of p53-reactive CTLs. p53low induced the expansion of highly suppressive p53-reactive Tr1 cells. However, the capacity of these Tr1 cells to suppress the generation and function of p53-reactive CTLs was independent of their antigen-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University of Giessen-Marburg; Marburg, Germany
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Murgita RA, Wigzell H. The effects of mouse alpha-fetoprotein on T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent immune responses in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2008; 5:1215-20. [PMID: 65007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mouse alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) suppressed the specific antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and the phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin-A-stimulated DNA synthesis of purified T lymphocytes but failed to inhibit the T-cell-independent antibody response to dinitrophenyl-substituted Ficoll (DNP-Ficoll) and the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated polyclonal B-cell antibody synthesis. Mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) suppressed antibody responses to both T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent antigens; however, the effects could be differentiated since dialysis of the MAF removed most of the suppressive effect on the DNP-Ficoll response but did not diminish the inhibitory action on the anti-SRBC response. The results indicate that AFP suppresses certain T-lymphocyte functions in vitro and does not act by directly inhibiting B-cell functions.
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3
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Effect of ebola virus reinoculations on the time course of immunological parameters. Bull Exp Biol Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02432806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Immunomodulating properties of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents. Bull Exp Biol Med 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00841245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Smialowicz RJ, Riddle MM, Rogers RR, Leubke RW, Copeland CB, Ernst GG. Immune alterations in rats following subacute exposure to tributyltin oxide. Toxicology 1990; 64:169-78. [PMID: 2219138 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(90)90133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult male Fischer 344 rats were dosed by oral gavage with bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in peanut oil for 10 consecutive days, at dosages ranging from 1.25 to 15 mg/kg/day. Other groups of rats were dosed daily for 10 days by oral gavage with cyclophosphamide (CY) at dosages ranging from 0.75 to 6 mg/kg/day. These rats served as positive controls for the immune assays employed. The immune function parameters examined included the following: delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody responses to bovine serum albumin (BSA), primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and enumeration of splenic lymphocyte populations. The DTH and antibody responses to BSA were not affected by TBTO exposure; however these responses were suppressed in rats dosed with CY at 6 mg/kg/day. The plaque forming cell (PFC) response to the T cell-dependent antigen SRBC was enhanced in rats dosed with TBTO at from 5 to 15 mg/kg/day. On the other hand, the PFC response to the T cell-independent antigen TNP-LPS was unaffected by TBTO exposure. Rats dosed with CY had suppressed PFC responses to SRBC and TNP-LPS at dosages of 3 and 6 mg/kg/day, respectively. Enumeration of splenic lymphocyte populations from TBTO-exposed rats revealed a reduction in OX8- but not W3/25- or IgG-positive cells. These results, as well as results from an earlier study from this lab, suggest that T lymphocytes are a primary target for TBTO-induced immune alterations and that the enhancement of the PFC response to SRBC in TBTO-exposed rats may be mediated by alterations in the suppressor (OX8-positive) T lymphocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Smialowicz
- Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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6
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Kirpatovskii ID, Suskova VS, Sutyusheva LV, Suzdal'tseva AA, Rakhmanova GA, Emets VI, Kosova IP. Selective effect of chorionic gonadotrophin on lymphocyte subpopulations. Bull Exp Biol Med 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00839790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Talor E, Rose NR. The induction of antigen-specific thymic regulatory cells in the mouse. Cell Immunol 1988; 116:24-34. [PMID: 2971458 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(88)90206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells are known to play a role in the termination of the immune response. In this investigation, we bring evidence in support of the induction of antigen-specific regulatory cells in the thymus of the mouse. These thymus-derived regulatory cells depend upon injection with a high dose of antigen for their induction, appear in the thymus early after primary immunization (Days 7-12), are H-2- and strain-restricted in their action, and can by themselves suppress directly the secretion of antibodies from syngeneic antibody-forming cells in vitro. These regulatory cells, therefore, differ from previously reported murine suppressor T cells which exert their effect on antibody formation indirectly, generally by acting on helper T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Talor
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Tamura S, Tanaka H, Kikuta K, Kobayashi T, Sato H, Sato Y. Mechanism by which pertussis toxin breaks unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in mice. Cell Immunol 1986; 100:351-63. [PMID: 3093086 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(86)90035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which pertussis toxin (PT) breaks the unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was examined in B10 mice. The unresponsiveness of DTH was induced in mice by iv injection of 10(9) SRBC and broken antigen-specifically by iv injection of 500 ng of PT into mice 1 or more days after SRBC injection. The restored DTH response in the SRBC-primed and PT-treated mice was accompanied by the appearance of Lyt-1-positive splenic T cells, capable of mediating DTH, fractionated in the low-density layers on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient. To examine the action of PT on the appearance of the DTH-effector cells, the splenic T cells from 10(9) SRBC-primed mice were treated with 100 ng/ml of PT for 60 min in vitro and then transferred into naive recipient mice. The PT-treated T cells acquired the ability to manifest DTH in the recipient mice several days after transfer. A large proportion of them were Lyt-1-positive small cells fractionated in the high-density layers before transfer and transformed into DTH-effector cells fractionated in the low-density layers in the recipient mice after transfer. Moreover, the ability of the PT-treated cells to manifest DTH on transfer was resistant to treatment with mitomycin C. These results suggest that PT acts on the sensitized, small Lyt-1-positive T cells from the unresponsive mice to differentiate them into large T-cell blasts, capable of mediating DTH, as one of the mechanisms by which PT breaks the unresponsiveness of DTH to SRBC.
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9
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Effect of tightness of the DNA-protein bond in splenic T and B lymphocytes of C3HA mice during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Bull Exp Biol Med 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00836170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Belosevic M, Faubert GM, MacLean JD. Suppression of primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in susceptible and resistant mice infected with Giardia muris. Infect Immun 1985; 47:21-5. [PMID: 3155515 PMCID: PMC261452 DOI: 10.1128/iai.47.1.21-25.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) response were studied in susceptible (A/J) and resistant (B10.A) mice during infection with Giardia muris. Mice infected with G. muris were found to be less responsive to either intraperitoneally or intraduodenally administered SRBC. Immunodepression was of relatively short duration, occurring during the period of highest trophozoite density in the small intestine, and was present in both spleen and, in particular, mesenteric lymph node cell populations. The main difference in the kinetics of anti-SRBC responses between A/J and B10.A mice was that susceptible mice were significantly less responsive to SRBCs than were the resistant B10.A animals. The difference in the kinetics of the anti-SRBC response between A/J and B10.A mice was not due to T-suppressor cell activity. Mesenteric lymph node cell transfers but not spleen cell transfers from infected mice to syngeneic recipients caused depressed normal anti-SRBC response. Furthermore, administration of the soluble extract of the trophozoites to uninfected mice resulted in a depressed response against SRBCs. Pronounced immunodepression in gut-associated lymphoid tissues may be more relevant than systemic immunodepression to survival and reproduction of trophozoites in murine giardiasis.
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12
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Aleinik DY, Pisarev VM, Pevnitskii LA. Mechanism of suppression of immunologic memory formation. Bull Exp Biol Med 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Pritchard DI, Ali NM, Behnke JM. Analysis of the mechanism of immunodepression following heterologous antigenic stimulation during concurrent infection with Nematospiroides dubius. Immunology 1984; 51:633-42. [PMID: 6231240 PMCID: PMC1454550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppression of immune responsiveness to heterologous antigenic stimulation during concurrent infection with Nematospiroides dubius was reproduced using soluble antigens derived from adult parasites. Immunosuppression appeared to be selective in that the administration of equivalent quantities of an irrelevant heterogeneous antigen had no immunosuppressive effect, and suppression was transferable using spleen cells from parasite antigen-treated donors. The differential immunomodulatory activity of parasite antigens from a variety of nematode species suggested that a correlation might exist between suppressor activity and chronicity of infection. A role for suppressor T cell activity in the infected host was implicated by the restorative effect of 2'deoxyguanosine treatment on the immune response, and non-specific suppressor cell activity was detected in splenocyte populations from infected mice. It is suggested that a parasite-induced defect in antigen processing led to the induction of suppressor cell activity in the infected host and that this may be one mechanism of parasite survival. The relevance of these observations to vaccination against chronic gastrointestinal nematode infections is discussed.
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14
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Antigen-nonspecific suppression of formation of immunologic memory for foreign cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00834194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Tamura SI, Chiba J, Kojima A, Uchida N. Properties of cloned T cells that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity against ovalbumin in mice. Cell Immunol 1983; 76:156-70. [PMID: 6187484 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(83)90358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cloned T-cell lines that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against soluble protein antigen, ovalbumin (OA), were established in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice and their properties were examined. They induced antigen-specific delayed-type footpad reactions, characterized histologically by a predominant mononuclear cell infiltration, when transferred intravenously into syngeneic mice. Morphologically, they were medium or large lymphoblasts with granules in the cytoplasm and expressed Lyt 1 cell surface antigens. One of them proliferated antigen specifically under the presence of both C57BL/6 and F1 accessory cells, while others proliferated antigen specifically only under the presence of F1 accessory cells. They also produced macrophage-activating factor (MAF) and substances which mediate a DTH-like footpad inflammatory reaction with a maximum 6 hr after injection into the footpad of normal mice, when incubated in the presence of specific antigen and specific accessory cells in a serum-free medium for 24 hr. These results demonstrate that cloned DTH-effector T cells, established here against soluble protein antigen, are Lyt 1-positive, large lymphoblasts and that they produce MAF and footpad-reactive inflammatory substances antigen specifically under the presence of specific accessory cells.
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Tamura S, Tsuru S, Chiba J, Kojima A. Production by cultured spleen cells of inflammatory substances and other lymphokines that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1982; 26:1065-77. [PMID: 6762485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultivation of normal mouse spleen cells with human serum albumin generated effector cells that mediate the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. The cultured cells, when incubated in a serum-free medium for a further 24 hr, released substances (FPRF) which caused a footpad inflammatory reaction at a maximum of 6 hr after injection into normal syngeneic or allogeneic strains of mice, as well as macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and macrophage activating factor (MAF). The DTH-effector cells in the culture were fractionated in the low density layers by discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient centrifugation. The effector cells in the low density layers were further enriched in the Lyt 1 subpopulation of T cells when fractionated on a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Cells capable of producing the inflammatory substances (FPRF), MIF and MAF were also enriched in the same fraction containing DTH-effector cells. These results suggest that low density, Lyt 1-positive T cells mediating the DTH reaction produce FPRF as well as MIF and MAF.
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17
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Eisenthal A, Nachitgal D, Feldman M. The in vitro generation of suppressor lymphocytes involves interactions between PNA+ and PNA- thymocyte populations. Immunology 1982; 46:697-704. [PMID: 6213552 PMCID: PMC1555484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing cell fractionation with the aid of peanut agglutinin, it was found that at least two subpopulations of T cells are required for the generation of suppressor T lymphocytes in culture. The co-operation of these two subpopulations, the medullary and the cortical types of thymocytes, is required for the induction phase but it apparently plays no role in the expression of the suppressive effect. With the aid of genetic markers, it was found that in medullary-type, cortisone-resistant, PNA-negative T cell was the progenitor of the suppressor lymphocytes, while the cortical type cells performed an accessory (regulatory?) function. Finally, it was observed that allostimulation of T cells in culture give rise to both 'helper' and suppressor cells. The generation of 'helper' lymphocytes requires allostimulation for less than 24 hr while the induction of suppressor cells requires a longer period of stimulation which leads in the end to predominance of the suppressor effect.
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18
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Rocha B, Ferreira AA, Munn G, de Sousa M, Freitas AA. Spleen lymphocyte populations in patients with Hodgkin's disease--properties of cells with different densities. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 48:300-6. [PMID: 7105487 PMCID: PMC1536462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen lymphocytes from five patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) type mixed cellularity and five normal controls were studied. An increased percentage of 'null cells' was observed in three out of the five patients studied. The two other patients had increased percentage of T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from spleen with HD had a decreased ability to respond to suboptimal concentrations of T cell mitogens. When these cells were fractionated in a discontinuous density gradient a subpopulation of cells, unable to respond to Con A, was recovered from the dense cell fractions. The implications of the present findings to the understanding of the physiopathological changes in HD are discussed.
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Kojima A, Tamura SI, Egashira Y. Regulatory mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. V. Augmentor cells for DTH responses. Microbiol Immunol 1982; 26:329-40. [PMID: 6213840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mice primed with 1 microgram of reduced and alkylated ovalbumin (RA-OA) developed not only long-lived memory cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), capable of differentiating into DTH-effector T cells (DTH-Te) against ovalbumin (OA) when restimulated in vitro with OA, but also spleen cells capable of augmenting recipients' DTH responses to OA when transferred into cyclophosphamide (CY)-pretreated mice. The augmenting activity in spleen cells, upon transfer, was found 7 days, but not 21 or 91 days, after priming with RA-OA, although memory DTH-Te were present throughout the period of observation. The loss of augmenting activity after day 7 of priming was not due to the presence of suppressor cells; spleen cells taken 21 days after priming failed to suppress, upon transfer, the augmenting activity in 7-day-primed spleen cells as well as induction and expression of DTH responses to OA. When 7-day-primed spleen cells were fractionated on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient, the augmenting activity was found only in the medium-density-cell layer, although memory DTH-Te were separated in the high-density layer. Augmentation of DTH-Te generation could also be demonstrated in vitro when 7-day-primed spleen cells, but not 21-day-primed spleen cells, were added to cultures of spleen cells from CY-pretreated mice. These results indicate that, in the 7-day-primed spleen, there is an augmentor cell population which is different from memory DTH-Te and interacts with CY-resistant unprimed cells to facilitate DTH-Te generation.
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Shimamura T, Hashimoto K, Sasaki S. Feedback suppression of the immune response in vivo. I. Immune B cells induce antigen-specific suppressor T cells. Cell Immunol 1982; 68:104-13. [PMID: 6211248 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(82)90093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Paul RD, Ghaffar A, Sigel MM. Selective action of alkylating agents against cells participating in suppression of antibody responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1982; 4:159-66. [PMID: 6213571 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(82)90044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of several alkylating agents on the induction and expression of specific suppressor cell activity induced by supraoptimal immunization (SOI) with (4 x 10(9) ) SRBC was studied. Splenocytes taken 8-28 days after SOI and transferred to normal syngeneic recipients together with optimal dose of (3 x 10(8) ) SRBC caused 70-90% suppression. By contrast splenocytes harvested 2 days after SOI did not exert a significant suppressive effect. Treatment of donor mice with 30 mg/kg BCNU, CCNU, or MeCCNU, 8 mg/kg Melphalan or as much as 200 mg/kg Cy 2 days before SOI uniformly had no effect on the subsequent development of suppressor cells. By contrast, different drugs had diverse effects when injected after SOI: both BCNU and Cy injected 2 days post SOI alleviated suppression, whereas CCNU, MeCCNU and Melphalan injected 2 days post SOI were without effect. Another diversity between BCNU and Cy was noticed when the administration of drugs was delayed further. While Cy alleviated suppression 12 days post SOI, BCNU was ineffective at this time. Dose response and time course studies revealed that the effect of Cy was most severe when injected 2 days post SOI and gradually diminished with the passage of time after SOI. These results have been discussed in the light of the current concepts of multiple cell participation in the induction and expression of suppressor cell function.
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Effect of suppressor cells on immunologic memory formation in mice of different lines. Bull Exp Biol Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00837708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Analysis of some mechanisms of antigen-specific suppression of the immune response. Bull Exp Biol Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00829788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Tamura SI, Kojima A, Egashira Y. Correlation between production of inflammatory substances and generation of effector T cells mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1981; 25:693-704. [PMID: 6974299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro exposure to human serum albumin (HSA) of splenic lymphocytes from mice sensitized for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against HSA resulted in the release of substances that could induce a footpad inflammatory reaction with a maximum of 6 hr after injection into normal mice. The substances were fractionated mainly in a molecular weight range of 30,000 to 70,000 daltons on Sephadex G-200. The ability of sensitized lymphocytes to produce the substances was dependent on T cells, was antigen specific, and correlated well with the ability of the lymphocytes to mediate DTH reactions. Moreover, the substances were produced efficiently by the DTH effector cell population generated in the in vitro culture system and also by the effector cell-enriched fractions on discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients. These results suggest that the substances are produced by DTH-effector cells.
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Tamura SI, Kojima A, Egashira Y. Regulatory mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. III. In vitro analysis of memory T cells involved in augmentation of DTH responses. Microbiol Immunol 1981; 25:595-607. [PMID: 6974297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The memory of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), manifested by the augmented responsiveness upon challenge with alum-absorbed ovalbumin (OA), was induced in mice primed 7 days, 21 days, or 90 days previously with 1 microgram of reduced and alkylated OA. The memory cells involved in the augmentation of DTH responses were analyzed in the in vitro induction system of T cells which mediate DTH against OA. Spleen cells from the primed mice generated DTH-effector T cells (DTH-Te) in a significantly accelerated fashion, compared with unprimed spleen cells, when cultured with OA. The accelerated generation of DTH-Te in vitro was induced antigen specifically and was dependent on a certain T cell population in the primed spleen. The T cell population was found in the spleen of primed mice for at least 3 months after priming, corresponding to the persistence of DTH-memory in vivo. Moreover, it was fractionated in the high-density layer by discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient centrifugation. The high-density cell population decreased in density with increase in the time of culture and developed into DTH-Te, which were separated in the low-density layer on day 4 of culture. These results indicate that the T cells involved in the accelerated generation of DTH-Te in vitro are long-lived DTH-memory T cells, which are probably precursor cells, capable of differentiating into DTH-Te upon challenge with the antigen.
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26
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Bradley LM, Mishell RI. Differential effects of glucocorticosteroids on the functions of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:3155-9. [PMID: 6454893 PMCID: PMC319519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the functions of antigen-primed helper and suppressor T cells were studied in humoral immune responses in vitro. In doses equivalent to elevated physiologic concentrations, the suppressor T cell activity was abolished. In contrast, the helper T cell function was resistant to even pharmacologic concentrations of Dex. The apparent steroid resistance of the helper T cells was found to be mediated by the products of activated macrophages. While macrophage factors protected helper T cells from steroid inhibition, they did not prevent the effects of Dex on suppressor T cells. Because bacterial cell wall and membrane components are potent inducers of the factors that mediate steroid resistance of helper T cells, the combination of physiologically elevated levels of steroids and macrophage factors during acute infections may function to facilitate the expression of host immunity. However, the persistance of these conditions, as in chronic inflammation, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity by perturbing the balance of immune regulation by helper and suppressor T cells.
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Milich DR, Gershwin ME. Murine autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced via xenogeneic erythrocyte immunization. IV. Immunosuppression of the response. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1981; 18:12-21. [PMID: 6970102 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(81)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rocha B, Freitas AA, Parrott D. Characterization of rat spleen cell populations. II. Activation by antigens and allogeneic cells. Immunology 1980; 41:825-32. [PMID: 6450728 PMCID: PMC1458312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen cells from BN rats were separated in a discontinuous density gradient. Cells from different fractions were shown to be functionally diverse. Light cells were highly responsive in MLR, generated little killer activity and enhanced syngeneic recipient's IgM and IgG production in response to SRBC. Dense cells were unable to respond in MLR and suppress Ab response. Maximum killer activity was recovered from medium density fractions which were probably mixtures of helper and suppressor cells.
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29
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Properties of antigen-specific supressor factor of immune spleen cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00834097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Blanchard D, Bach MA. Thymic function in NZB mice. III. Impairment of the activity of specific suppressor cells involved in the regulation of antibody production against sheep red blood cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1980; 42:1-9. [PMID: 6450652 PMCID: PMC1537052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen cells from DBA/2 mice immunized with high numbers of sheep red blood cells specifically suppress the primary anti-SRBC antibody response of syngeneic recipients specifically suppress the primary anti-SRBC antibody response of syngeneic recipients after in vivo transfer. Such suppressive activity of the immune spleen cells is mediated by null cells, or by T cells resistant to the cytotoxic activity of anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum plus complement. The primary anti-SRBC antibody response is much higher in NZB mice than in DBA/2 mice, and the suppressive activity of syngeneic immune spleen cells is much lower in NZB than in DBA/2 recipients. Immune spleen cells from DBA/2 donors do not provide more effective suppression than NZB spleen cells in NZB recipients. Conversely, immune spleen cells from NZB donors strongly suppress the anti-SRBC primary response of DBA/2 recipients to the same extent as DBA/2 immune spleen cells. Finally, NZB mice generate specific suppressor cells but their primary antibody response is not sensitive to this suppressor activity.
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31
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Bongiorni-Malavé I, Pocino M. Abnormal regulatory control of the antibody response to heterologous erythrocytes in protein-calorie malnourished mice. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1980; 16:19-29. [PMID: 6445801 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(80)90162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Suzuki K, Tomasi TB. Immune responses during pregnancy. Evidence of suppressor cells for splenic antibody response. J Exp Med 1979; 150:898-908. [PMID: 159935 PMCID: PMC2185688 DOI: 10.1084/jem.150.4.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary IgM antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in vivo as well as in vitro is markedly decreased in the spleen cells of pregnant mice, compared to age-matched female controls. Decreased antibody synthesis appears to be mediated by nonspecific suppressor cells, because the addition of pregnant spleen cells to the normal spleen cell cultures causes a significant suppression of plaque-forming-cell responses of the normal spleen cells. Suppressor cell activity was not observed in lymph nodes of pregnant mice. At least two populations of pregnant spleen cells were shown to exert a suppressor cell activity; one is T lymphocytes and the other a nylon-adherent cell present in the B-cell-enriched macrophage-depleted fraction. Pregnant spleen cells cultured in vitro were shown to secrete a soluble suppressive factor(s) into the supernatant medium.
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33
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Bonmassar A. Influence of presensitization with allogeneic lymphoma cells on the growth and response to therapy of radiation-induced lymphomas in mice. EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:1098-9. [PMID: 477891 DOI: 10.1007/bf01949965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenic mice were sensitized with viable H-2-incompatible radiation-induced lymphomas (RIL), challenged with syngeneic RIL and treated with bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea. Either enhancement or inhibition of RIL was found in presensitized mice, depending on the tumor-host system used.
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34
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Rocha B, Freitas A, de Sousa M. Characterization of rat spleen-cell populations. I. Cell interactions in the regulation of in vitro response to concanavalin A. Immunology 1979; 36:619-27. [PMID: 312264 PMCID: PMC1457650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen cells from BN rats were separated in a discontinuous density gradient. Cells from different fractions were shown to be functionally diverse, light cells enhancing DNA synthesis and cell division of the dense cell fractions, while dense cells suppressed DNA synthesis and cell division of light cells. Both these effects were also present in the absence of cell stimulation, were proportional to the number of modulating cells added to the cultures, and totally independent of the magnitude of response of controls. In Con A-stimulated cultures, mitogen dose also influenced the intensity of help and suppression. Both these effects are blocked by cell treatment with cycloheximide and can be mediated by cell supernatants. A T cell seems to be responsible for both helper and suppressor effects.
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35
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Smith SR, Terminelli C, Kipilman CT, Smith Y. Comparative effects of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and frentizole on humoral immunity in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1979; 1:455-81. [PMID: 401316 DOI: 10.3109/08923977909040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Data is presented comparing the activities of three immunosuppressive agents, cyclosphosphamide, frentizole and azathioprine in models of humoral immunity in mice. Cyclophosphamide and frentizole suppressed the primary and secondary plaque forming cell responses to sheep erythrocytes at lower doses than did azathioprine. Prolonged suppression of serum antibody titers occurred following short-term therapy with cyclophosphamide or frentizole, but not azathioprine. Azathioprine was also the least effective agent in suppressing a primary response to the T-independent antigen, trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide. All three agents were found to inhibit the induction and activity of suppressor cells at immunosuppressive doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Smith
- Shering Corporation, Department of Physiology, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003
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36
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Ghaffar A, Sigel MM. Immunomodulation by Corynebacterium parvum. 1. Variable effects on anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody responses. Immunol Suppl 1978; 35:685-93. [PMID: 363603 PMCID: PMC1457540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium parvum injected i.p. 1--16 days prior to i.p. antigen inoculation virtually abolished both IgM and IgG primary responses to 1 X 10(8) SRBC. The suppression was significantly marked at antigen doses ranging from 1 X 10(6)--1 X 10(9) SRBC but not at 5 X 10(9) SRBC. As little as 56 microgram C. parvum caused a marked suppression of the response to 1 X 10(8) SRBC. In secondary responses C. parvum given either one day before priming with 1 X 10(8) SRBC or one day before secondary challenge caused a dramatic suppression of both IgM and IgG PFC responses. In contrast with i.p. injected C. parvum, i.v. injection of the vaccine enhanced immune responses to i.p. or i.v. injected SRBC. Similarly C. parvum injected i.p. prior to i.v. immunization resulted in an augmented anti-SRBC response. An enhancement of anti-SRBC response was also noted when C. parvum was injected i.p. on the day of i.p. immunization. The suppressed responses in C. parvum injected animals could be explained partly by the reduced splenic localization of the antigen.
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37
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Pisarev VM, Volgin AY. Suppressor activity of spleen cells in drug-induced immunologic tolerance. Bull Exp Biol Med 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00800288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Feldbrush TL, Stewart N. Antigen modulation of the immune response. V. Generation of large memory cells in antigen draining lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 1978; 37:336-48. [PMID: 306891 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Lawrence DA, Eastman A, Weigle WO. Murine T-cell preparations: radiosensitivity of helper activity. Cell Immunol 1978; 36:97-114. [PMID: 305293 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Thursh DR, Chan KS. Alterations in antigen-induced DNA synthesis by specifically localizing cells and other lymphoid cells as a function of immunological memory. Cell Immunol 1978; 35:448-59. [PMID: 620436 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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42
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Duclos H, Galanaud P, Devinsky O, Maillot MC, Dormont J. Enhancing effect of low dose cyclophosphamide treatment on the in vitro antibody response. Eur J Immunol 1977; 7:679-84. [PMID: 303996 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) administration on the subsequent in vitro antibody response in the mouse. Treatment with a low dose (20 mg/kg) of CY four days before culture results in an increased IgM response to the T-independent antigen trinitrophenylated polyacrylamide (TNP-PAA), without affecting the background response of unstimulated cultures. This suggests that CY treatment eliminates a short-lived suppressor cell, involved in the regulation of the in vitro B cell response. In contrast, the same regimen decreases the ability of nude mouse spleen cells to respond to TNP-PAA, showing that the target of CY-enhancing effect is a mature T cell. The increased response observed in conventional mice should be the result of a balance between the direct suppressive effect of CY on B cells and the elimination of a suppresor T cell, the latter phenomenon being of predominant significance in our conditions. The target of CY-enhancing effect is nonadherent to plastic, but adherent to Sephadex G-10 columns.
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43
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Baimukanova GK, Smirnova NN. Effect of various factors on the formation of immunological memory. Bull Exp Biol Med 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00805895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Resistance of the suppressor function of T cells to agents with antiproliferative activity. Bull Exp Biol Med 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00805892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Oehler JR, Herberman RB, Campbell DA, Djeu JY. Inhibition of rat mixed lymphocyte cultures by suppressor macrophages. Cell Immunol 1977; 29:238-50. [PMID: 140766 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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