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Saeed F, Adamopoulos IE. Pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis: new insights from a bone marrow perspective. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024:00002281-990000000-00153. [PMID: 39470182 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psoriatic arthritis is an immune-mediated disease that primarily affects the skin and joints. It falls under the umbrella term of rheumatic diseases, which describes a group of closely related yet distinct disorders with many common underlying molecular pathways. Despite the distinct clinical manifestation of each disorder, the shared therapeutic strategies attest to the commonality of cellular and molecular underpinnings. Herein we provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis and its involvement in mechanistic pathways leading to the pathogenesis of this dual skin and joint clinical manifestation which is characteristic of psoriatic arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS The interconnection between activated innate immune cells and adaptive immunity has transformed current thinking to include other organs such as the bone marrow as potential tissue of disease origin. A plethora of animal models and genetic studies converge on the critical role of IL-23/IL-17 axis, and highlight the importance of myeloid cell activation as common pathways between autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. These findings underscore the intricate immune mechanisms involved in inflammatory arthritis and highlight molecular mechanisms in disease pathogenesis. SUMMARY These insights pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, with a focus on translating these findings into improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saeed
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Braun J, Sieper J, Märker-Hermann E. Looking back on 51 years of the Carol Nachman Prize in Rheumatology-significance for the field of spondyloarthritis research. Z Rheumatol 2024; 83:563-574. [PMID: 38864856 PMCID: PMC11442482 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-024-01496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The city and casino of Wiesbaden, capital of the German state Hessen, have endowed the Carol Nachman Prize to promote research work in the field of rheumatology since 1972. The prize, endowed with 37,500 €, is the second highest medical award in Germany and serves to promote clinical, therapeutic, and experimental research work in the field of rheumatology. In June 2022, the 50-year anniversary was celebrated. In the symposium preceding the award ceremony, an overview was given on the significance of spondyloarthritis for the work of the awardees in the past 30 years. This overview has now been put together to inform the interested community of the work performed, including the opinion of the awardees regarding what they consider to be their most important contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Braun
- Rheumatologisches Versorgungszentrum Steglitz, Schloßstr. 110, 12163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim Sieper
- Rheumatologie am Campus Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Navid F, Gill T, Fones L, Allbritton-King JD, Zhou K, Shen I, Van Doorn J, LiCausi F, Cougnoux A, Randazzo D, Brooks SR, Colbert RA. CHOP-mediated IL-23 overexpression does not drive colitis in experimental spondyloarthritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12293. [PMID: 38811719 PMCID: PMC11137091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
HLA-B27 is a major risk factor for spondyloarthritis (SpA), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. HLA-B27 misfolding-induced IL-23, which is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been hypothesized to drive SpA pathogenesis. Expression of HLA-B27 and human β2m (hβ2m) in rats (HLA-B27-Tg) recapitulates key SpA features including gut inflammation. Here we determined whether deleting the transcription factor CHOP (Ddit3-/-), which mediates ER-stress induced IL-23, affects gut inflammation in HLA-B27-Tg animals. ER stress-mediated Il23a overexpression was abolished in CHOP-deficient macrophages. Although CHOP-deficiency also reduced Il23a expression in immune cells isolated from the colon of B27+ rats, Il17a levels were not affected, and gut inflammation was not reduced. Rather, transcriptome analysis revealed increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including Il1a, Ifng and Tnf in HLA-B27-Tg colon tissue in the absence of CHOP, which was accompanied by higher histological Z-scores. RNAScope localized Il17a mRNA to the lamina propria of the HLA-B27-Tg rats and revealed similar co-localization with Cd3e (CD3) in the presence and absence of CHOP. This demonstrates that CHOP-deficiency does not improve, but rather exacerbates gut inflammation in HLA-B27-Tg rats, indicating that HLA-B27 is not promoting gut disease through ER stress-induced IL-23. Hence, CHOP may protect rats from more severe HLA-B27-induced gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Navid
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tejpal Gill
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lilah Fones
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Kelly Zhou
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Isabel Shen
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinny Van Doorn
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Francesca LiCausi
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Colbert
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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4
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Cherqaoui B, Crémazy F, Lauraine M, Shammas G, Said-Nahal R, Mambu Mambueni H, Costantino F, Fourmont M, Hulot A, Garchon HJ, Glatigny S, Araujo LM, Breban M. STAT1 deficiency underlies a proinflammatory imprint of naive CD4 + T cells in spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227281. [PMID: 37920469 PMCID: PMC10619905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In spondyloarthritis (SpA), an increased type 3 immune response, including T helper cells (Th) 17 excess, is observed in both human and SpA animal models, such as the HLA-B27/human β2-microglobulin transgenic rat (B27-rat). Methods To investigate this unexplained Th17-biased differentiation, we focused on understanding the immunobiology of B27-rat naive CD4+ T cells (Tn). Results We observed that neutrally stimulated B27-rat Tn developed heightened Th17 profile even before disease onset, suggesting an intrinsic proinflammatory predisposition. In parallel with this observation, transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses showed that B27-rat Tn exhibited a decreased expression of Interferon/Th1- and increased expression of Th17-related genes. This molecular signature was predicted to be related to an imbalance of STAT1/STAT3 transcription factors activity. Stat1 mRNA and STAT1 protein expression were decreased before disease onset in Tn, even in their thymic precursors, whereas Stat3/STAT3 expression increased upon disease establishment. Confirming the relevance of these results, STAT1 mRNA expression was also decreased in Tn from SpA patients, as compared with healthy controls and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Finally, stimulation of B27-rat Tn with a selective STAT1 activator abolished this preferential IL-17A expression, suggesting that STAT1-altered activity in B27-rats allows Th17 differentiation. Discussion Altogether, B27-rat Tn harbor a STAT1 deficiency preceding disease onset, which may occur during their thymic differentiation, secondarily associated with a persistent Th17 bias, which is imprinted at the epigenomic level. This early molecular phenomenon might lead to the persistent proinflammatory skew of CD4+ T cells in SpA patients, thus offering new clues to better understand and treat SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilade Cherqaoui
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Crémazy
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lauraine
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Ghazal Shammas
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Roula Said-Nahal
- Rheumatology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Hendrick Mambu Mambueni
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
- Genomic Platform of Faculty of Health Simone Veil, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Félicie Costantino
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
- Rheumatology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marine Fourmont
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Hulot
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Henri-Jean Garchon
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
- Genomic Platform of Faculty of Health Simone Veil, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Luiza M. Araujo
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Breban
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
- Rheumatology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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5
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Mauro D, Gandolfo S, Tirri E, Schett G, Maksymowych WP, Ciccia F. The bone marrow side of axial spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023:10.1038/s41584-023-00986-6. [PMID: 37407716 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by the infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells into entheses and bone marrow. Molecular, cellular and imaging evidence demonstrates the presence of bone marrow inflammation, a hallmark of SpA. In the spine and the peripheral joints, bone marrow is critically involved in the pathogenesis of SpA. Evidence suggests that bone marrow inflammation is associated with enthesitis and that there are roles for mechano-inflammation and intestinal inflammation in bone marrow involvement in SpA. Specific cell types (including mesenchymal stem cells, innate lymphoid cells and γδ T cells) and mediators (Toll-like receptors and cytokines such as TNF, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, GM-CSF and TGFβ) are involved in these processes. Using this evidence to demonstrate a bone marrow rather than an entheseal origin for SpA could change our understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the relevant therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Saviana Gandolfo
- Unit of Rheumatology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Tirri
- Unit of Rheumatology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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6
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Willison AG, Meuth SG. [Multiple sclerosis: interventions to halt disease : Which patients can be considered for autologous stem cell transplantation]. DER NERVENARZT 2022; 93:987-999. [PMID: 35951049 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is gaining increasing prominence in the therapeutic landscape. This review article focuses on describing the evidence and European guidelines for aHSCT so that neurologists in Germany can consider this treatment option for appropriate MS patients. In this context, it must be taken into consideration that in every case a cost transfer must be individually applied for. AIM To provide information for neurologists considering aHSCT for patients with MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this narrative review articles from PubMed were pooled and analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION High quality data from randomized, controlled clinical trials are required to compare the efficacy of aHSCT to the currently available highly effective disease-modifying therapies (DMT) so that reliable conclusions can be drawn regarding the relationship between the risks and benefits of aHSCT in MS; however, the studies discussed in this review provide important points of reference for patient selection and the transplantation protocol. Further advice is available from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) for experienced centers considering aHSCT. The available data and the European guidelines suggest that patients aged less than 45 years, an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) ≤ 5.5, highly active MS, a disease duration of less than 10 years, an ineffective course of DMT or rapidly progressive MS may be eligible for aHSCT and should be referred to an experienced center for further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Willison
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - S G Meuth
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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7
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Jouhault Q, Cherqaoui B, Jobart-Malfait A, Glatigny S, Lauraine M, Hulot A, Morelle G, Hagege B, Ermoza K, El Marjou A, Izac B, Saintpierre B, Letourneur F, Rémy S, Anegon I, Boissier MC, Chiocchia G, Breban M, Araujo LM. Interleukin 27 is a novel cytokine with anti-inflammatory effects against spondyloarthritis through the suppression of Th17 responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072420. [PMID: 36818477 PMCID: PMC9933703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spondylarthritis (SpA) development in HLA-B27/human β2-microglobulin transgenic rat (B27-rat) is correlated with altered conventional dendritic cell (cDC) function that promotes an inflammatory pattern of CD4+T cells, including a biased expansion of pro-inflammatory Th17 population and imbalance of regulatory T cells cytokine profile. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cDCs from B27-rats under express IL-27, an anti-inflammatory cytokine which induces the differentiation of IL-10+ regulatory T cells and inhibits Th17 cells. Methods Here, we first investigated whether in vitro addition of exogenous IL-27 could reverse the inflammatory pattern observed in CD4+ T cells. Next, we performed preclinical assay using IL-27 to investigate whether in vivo treatment could prevent SpA development in B27-rats. Results in vitro addition of IL-27 to cocultures of cDCs and CD4+ T cell subsets from B27-rats reduced IL-17 and enhanced IL-10 production by T cells. Likewise, IL-27 inhibited the production of IL-17 by CD4+ T cells from SpA patients. Interestingly, in vivo treatment with recombinant IL-27 starting before SpA onset, inhibited SpA development in B27-rats through the suppression of IL-17/TNF producing CD4+ T cells. Discussion Overall, our results reveal a potent inhibitory effect of IL-27 and highlight this cytokine as a promising new therapeutic target in SpA, especially for SpA patients non responders to currently approved biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jouhault
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Bilade Cherqaoui
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Aude Jobart-Malfait
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lauraine
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Hulot
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Morelle
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Hagege
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Kétia Ermoza
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed El Marjou
- Plateforme de production d'anticorps et de protéines recombinantes-Institut Curie/CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Izac
- Plateforme GenomIC- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Saintpierre
- Plateforme GenomIC- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Plateforme GenomIC- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Rémy
- Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Platform Transgenic Rats and ImmunoPhenomics, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Christophe Boissier
- Inserm UMR1125-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Rheumatology Division, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Gilles Chiocchia
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France.,Haematology-Immunology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maxime Breban
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France.,Rheumatology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Luiza M Araujo
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris-Centre, Paris, France
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8
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Mistegaard CE, Proft F. The Complement System in Spondyloarthritis: What Do We Know? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.17925/rmd.2022.1.2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of rheumatologic diseases, including axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis, arthritis with associated inflammatory bowel disease (i.e. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), reactive arthritis and undifferentiated SpA, which all share certain clinical, biological and genetic features. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unexplained. Recent evidence suggests an autoinflammatory component of the disease. The complement system is a cornerstone of the innate immune system. This review aims to evaluate the current knowledge of the complement system in SpA. Animal models have shown that complement activation is associated with axSpA. Complement proteins L-ficolin and H-ficolin levels are elevated in patients with axSpA, and complement factor C3 levels decrease after the initiation of tumour necrosis factor-inhibitor therapy. Associations with disease activity are inconsistent, as one study found that the serum levels of complement factors C3 and C4 did not differ in patients with different Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores but, in another study, were associated with baseline Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index improvement after treatment with a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor. Future studies should focus on the complement system in various SpA entities, involvement in pathogenesis and disease progression under clinically relevant conditions.
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9
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Furesi G, Fert I, Beaufrère M, Araujo LM, Glatigny S, Baschant U, von Bonin M, Hofbauer LC, Horwood NJ, Breban M, Rauner M. Rodent Models of Spondyloarthritis Have Decreased White and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Depots. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665208. [PMID: 34149700 PMCID: PMC8207134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has recently been recognized as a distinct fat depot with endocrine functions. However, if and how it is regulated by chronic inflammation remains unknown. Here, we investigate the amount of white fat and BMAT in HLA-B27 transgenic rats and curdlan-challenged SKG mice, two well-established models of chronic inflammatory spondyloarthritis (SpA). Subcutaneous and gonadal white adipose tissue and BMAT was reduced by 65-70% and by up to 90% in both experimental models. Consistently, B27 rats had a 2-3-fold decrease in the serum concentrations of the adipocyte-derived cytokines adiponectin and leptin as well as a 2-fold lower concentration of triglycerides. The bone marrow of B27 rats was further characterized by higher numbers of neutrophils, lower numbers of erythroblast precursors, and higher numbers of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells. IL-17 concentration was also increased in the serum of B27 rats. Using a cell culture model, we show that high levels of IL-17 in the serum of B27 rats negatively impacted adipogenesis (-76%), an effect that was reversed in the presence of neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibody. In summary, these findings show BMAT is severely reduced in two experimental models of chronic inflammatory SpA and suggest that IL-17 is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Furesi
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fert
- Laboratoire Infection et inflammation, UMR U1173 INSERM/Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
| | - Marie Beaufrère
- Laboratoire Infection et inflammation, UMR U1173 INSERM/Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
| | - Luiza M Araujo
- Laboratoire Infection et inflammation, UMR U1173 INSERM/Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Laboratoire Infection et inflammation, UMR U1173 INSERM/Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Medicine I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole J Horwood
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Breban
- Laboratoire Infection et inflammation, UMR U1173 INSERM/Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Breban M, Glatigny S, Cherqaoui B, Beaufrère M, Lauraine M, Rincheval-Arnold A, Gaumer S, Guénal I, Araujo LM. Lessons on SpA pathogenesis from animal models. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:207-219. [PMID: 33449154 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying a disorder such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) may benefit from studying animal models. Several suitable models have been developed, in particular to investigate the role of genetic factors predisposing to SpA, including HLA-B27, ERAP1, and genes related to the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis. One of the best examples of such research is the HLA-B27 transgenic rat model that fostered the emergence of original theories regarding HLA-B27 pathogenicity, including dysregulation of innate immunity, contribution of the adaptive immune system to chronic inflammation, and influence of the microbiota on disease development. Very recently, a new model of HLA-B27 transgenic Drosophila helped to expand further some of those theories in an unexpected direction involving the TGFβ/BMP family of mediators. On the other hand, several spontaneous, inducible, and/or genetically modified mouse models-including SKG mouse, TNFΔARE mouse and IL-23-inducible mouse model of SpA-have highlighted the importance of TNFα and IL-23/IL-17 axis in the development of SpA manifestations. Altogether, those animal models afford not only to study disease mechanism but also to investigate putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Breban
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. .,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France. .,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, 9 ave Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne, France.
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bilade Cherqaoui
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Beaufrère
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lauraine
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Rincheval-Arnold
- LGBC, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sébastien Gaumer
- LGBC, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Isabelle Guénal
- LGBC, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Luiza M Araujo
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 ave de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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11
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Oliveira MC, Elias JB, Moraes DAD, Simões BP, Rodrigues M, Ribeiro AAF, Piron-Ruiz L, Ruiz MA, Hamerschlak N. A review of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis and Crohn's disease. Position paper of the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 43:65-86. [PMID: 32418777 PMCID: PMC7910166 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are an important field for the development of bone marrow transplantation, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In Europe alone, almost 3000 procedures have been registered so far. The Brazilian Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation (Sociedade Brasileira de Transplantes de Medula Óssea) organized consensus meetings for the Autoimmune Diseases Group, to review the available literature on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases, aiming to gather data that support the procedure for these patients. Three autoimmune diseases for which there are evidence-based indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis and Crohn's disease. The professional stem cell transplant societies in America, Europe and Brazil (Sociedade Brasileira de Transplantes de Medula Óssea) currently consider hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a therapeutic modality for these three autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bernardes Elias
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lilian Piron-Ruiz
- Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Arthur Ruiz
- Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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12
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Yamasaki H, Mitsuyama K, Yoshioka S, Kuwaki K, Yamauchi R, Fukunaga S, Mori A, Tsuruta O, Torimura T. Leukocyte Apheresis Using a Fiber Filter Suppresses Colonic Injury Through Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Induction. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:709-719. [PMID: 31821463 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to address whether the therapeutic effect of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) depends on calcitonin gene- related peptide (CGRP) induction. METHODS An HLA-B27 transgenic rat model was treated with an LCAP column. The effects of LCAP on clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity, the colony-forming ability of colony-forming unit (CFU)-granulocyte macrophages (GMs), colonic blood flow, and tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CGRP were examined. Changes in the effects of LCAP after pretreatment with the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 were also observed. A dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis rat model included treatment with CGRP, and the effect was assessed based on clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity, colonic blood flow, the colony-forming ability of CFU-GMs, and tissue expression of inflammatory cytokines and CGRP receptor families. RESULTS LCAP improved disease activity, enhanced colonic blood flow, and induced the bone marrow colony-forming ability of CFU-GMs with an increase in CGRP mRNA levels. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with CGRP8-37. The administration of CGRP suppressed colitis, promoting colonic blood flow, inducing bone marrow-derived cells, downregulating inflammatory cytokines, and upregulating receptor activity-modifying protein-1. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mononuclear cells were also decreased after CGRP treatment. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effects of LCAP depend on CGRP induction. CGRP can effectively suppress colitis through the downregulation of inflammatory events and upregulation of protective events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mitsuyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshioka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kuwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamauchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fukunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsuruta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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13
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Abstract
A causal link between the wealth of microbes that populate our body surfaces, designated as microbiota, and inflammatory disorders, including ankylosing spondylitis and the related spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been suspected for decades. This specially concerns the gut microbiota that became only recently accessible to thorough description thanks to massive sequencing methods or metagenomics. Here, we review evidences supporting the existence of microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis in the context of SpA. We also discuss currently existing evidences for a causal relationship between such dysbiosis and disease development, as well as putative therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Breban
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 Ave de La Source de La Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, 9 Ave Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne, France; Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Marie Beaufrère
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 Ave de La Source de La Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, 9 Ave Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne, France; Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, 2 Ave de La Source de La Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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14
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Schön MP. Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Psoriasis and Other Inflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1764. [PMID: 31402919 PMCID: PMC6676248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, a considerable body of evidence has highlighted T cells as pivotal culprits in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This includes the association of psoriasis with certain MHC (HLA) alleles, oligoclonal expansion of T cells in some cases, therapeutic response to T cell-directed immunomodulation, the onset of psoriasis following bone marrow transplantation, or induction of psoriasis-like inflammation by T cells in experimental animals. There is accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that both autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms lie at the core of the disease. Indeed, some studies suggested antigenic functions of structural proteins, and complexes of self-DNA with cathelicidin (LL37) or melanocytic ADAMTSL5 have been proposed more recently as actual auto-antigens in some cases of psoriasis. These findings are accompanied by various immunoregulatory mechanisms, which we increasingly understand and which connect innate and adaptive immunity. Specific adaptive autoimmune responses, together with our current view of psoriasis as a systemic inflammatory disorder, raise the question of whether psoriasis may have connections to autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders elsewhere in the body. While such associations have been suspected for many years, compelling mechanistic evidence in support of this notion is still scant. This review sets into context the current knowledge about innate and adaptive immunological processes in psoriasis and other autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Ermoza K, Glatigny S, Jah N, Camilo V, Mambu Mambueni H, Araujo LM, Chiocchia G, Breban M. Tolerogenic XCR1 + dendritic cell population is dysregulated in HLA-B27 transgenic rat model of spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:46. [PMID: 30717755 PMCID: PMC6360689 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting primarily axial and peripheral joints and sometimes also extra-articular organs, such as the gut. Rats transgenic for HLA-B27 and human β2-microglobulin (B27-Tg rat) develop clinical manifestations resembling human disease. In this model, it has been shown that CD103+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) exhibited altered functions, likely promoting SpA development. CD4− cDC subpopulation expressing XCR1, a chemokine receptor involved in their migration, have been described to be tolerogenic in steady state. Thus, in this study, we wished to examine the fate of XCR1+ cDCs in this animal model of SpA. Methods cDC populations were isolated from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and colonic lamina propria from B27-TG and control nontransgenic (NTG) and/or HLA-B7 transgenic rats after collagenase digestion and density gradient and characterized with flow cytometry or real-time PCR. Migration of cDCs from intestinal mucosa to MLN was assessed, using TLR-7 stimulation with Resiquimod. Results We observed a reduced frequency of cCD4− DCs in B27-Tg rats, as compared to control rats. Furthermore, such decrease was not due to excessive death of CD4− cDCs in B27-Tg rats. Interestingly, we observed a decrease frequency of the XCR1+ subpopulation among CD4− cDCs in the spleen, MLN, and lamina propria from B27-Tg rats. Finally, after TLR-7 stimulation, the migration of XCR1+ cDCs to MLN was proportionally reduced in B27-Tg rats. Conclusion Our results demonstrate for the first time a decreased proportion of the tolerogenic XCR1+ cDC subpopulation in SpA target organs in B27-Tg rat, which may affect the maintenance of self-tolerance and control of inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1827-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kétia Ermoza
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Nadège Jah
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Vânia Camilo
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Hendrick Mambu Mambueni
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Luiza M Araujo
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Gilles Chiocchia
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Haematology-Immunology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maxime Breban
- INSERM U1173, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78190, Montigny le Bretonneux, France. .,INFLAMEX, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France. .,Rheumatology Division, Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Soo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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17
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Vieira-Sousa E, van Duivenvoorde LM, Fonseca JE, Lories RJ, Baeten DL. Review: animal models as a tool to dissect pivotal pathways driving spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016. [PMID: 26215401 DOI: 10.1002/art.39282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- University of Lisbon, Hospital de Santa Maria, and Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - João E Fonseca
- University of Lisbon, Hospital de Santa Maria, and Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rik J Lories
- KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Abstract
Possession of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the pathogenic role of HLA-B27 is unknown. Two broad theories most likely explain the role of HLA-B27 in AS pathogenesis. The first is based on the natural immunological function of HLA-B27 of presenting antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T cells. Thus, HLA-B27-restricted immune responses to self-antigens, or arthritogenic peptides, might drive immunopathology. B27 can also "behave badly," misfolding during assembly and leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy responses. β2m-free B27 heavy chain structures including homodimers (B272) can also be expressed at the cell surface following endosomal recycling of cell surface heterotrimers. Cell surface free heavy chains and B272 bind to innate immune receptors on T, NK, and myeloid cells with proinflammatory effects. This review describes the natural function of HLA-B27, its disease associations, and the current theories as to its pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Botnar Research Center, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DL, United Kingdom;
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19
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Wright PB, McEntegart A, McCarey D, McInnes IB, Siebert S, Milling SWF. Ankylosing spondylitis patients display altered dendritic cell and T cell populations that implicate pathogenic roles for the IL-23 cytokine axis and intestinal inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:120-32. [PMID: 26320138 PMCID: PMC4676904 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. AS is a systemic inflammatory disease of the SpA family. Polymorphisms at loci including HLA-B27, IL-23R and ERAP-1 directly implicate immune mechanisms in AS pathogenesis. Previously, in an SpA model, we identified HLA-B27–mediated effects on dendritic cells that promoted disease-associated Th17 cells. Here we extend these studies to AS patients using deep immunophenotyping of candidate pathogenic cell populations. The aim of our study was to functionally characterize the immune populations mediating AS pathology. Methods. Using 11-parameter flow cytometry, we characterized the phenotype and functions of lymphocyte and myeloid cells from peripheral blood, and the synovial phenotype of AS patients and age-matched healthy controls. Results. Significantly fewer circulating CD1c-expressing dendritic cells were observed in AS patients, offset by an increase in CD14− CD16+ mononuclear cells. Ex vivo functional analysis revealed that this latter population induced CCR6 expression and promoted secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 when co-cultured with naive CD4+ T cells. Additionally, systemic inflammation in AS patients significantly correlated with increased proportions of activated CCR9+ CD4+ T cells. Conclusion. CD14− CD16+ mononuclear cells may contribute to AS by promoting Th17 responses, and antigen-presenting cells of mucosal origin are likely to contribute to systemic inflammation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Wright
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow and
| | - Anne McEntegart
- Department of Rheumatology, Queen Elizabeth Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - David McCarey
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow and
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow and
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow and
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow and
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20
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Araujo LM, Fert I, Jouhault Q, Labroquère K, Andrieu M, Chiocchia G, Breban M. Increased production of interleukin-17 over interleukin-10 by treg cells implicates inducible costimulator molecule in experimental spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2412-22. [PMID: 24909668 DOI: 10.1002/art.38737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HLA-B27/human β2 -microglobulin (hβ2 m)-transgenic (B27-transgenic) rats develop an inflammatory disorder resembling spondyloarthritis, with accumulation of proinflammatory Th17 cells. Because Treg cells and Th17 cells have opposing effects in inflammatory disorders, we sought to determine whether biased expansion of Th17 cells could result from altered Treg cell frequency and/or function in B27-transgenic rats. METHODS We characterized the phenotype and function of Treg cells from B27-transgenic rats in comparison with those from control rats, by examining their expression of cell surface markers, suppressive activity, cytokine production, and differentiation pattern. RESULTS In B27-transgenic rats, the preferential accumulation of CD4+ Teff cells over Treg cells was not associated with a defect in Treg cell differentiation or suppressive activity. The expression of Treg cell markers was similar between B27-transgenic and control rats, with the exception of the inducible costimulator (ICOS) molecule, which was overexpressed in B27-transgenic rats. High levels of ICOS are considered to be a hallmark of Treg cells with heightened suppressive activity and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. Paradoxically, the production of IL-10 by Treg cells was reduced in B27-transgenic rats, whereas the production of IL-17 was enhanced. Moreover, the addition of anti-ICOS monoclonal antibodies during Treg cell differentiation in the presence of dendritic cells from B27-transgenic rats reversed this cytokine profile, restoring the balance between IL-10 and IL-17 in Treg cells from B27-transgenic rats. CONCLUSION We observed dysregulated production of IL-10 and IL-17 by Treg cells from B27-transgenic rats, which may contribute to disease development. Moreover, our data highlight a key role for ICOS signaling in the generation of imbalanced production of IL-10 and IL-17 by Treg cells in this experimental model of spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M Araujo
- INSERM U987 and Université de Versailles St.-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France, and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
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21
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Fert I, Cagnard N, Glatigny S, Letourneur F, Jacques S, Smith JA, Colbert RA, Taurog JD, Chiocchia G, Araujo LM, Breban M. Reverse interferon signature is characteristic of antigen-presenting cells in human and rat spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:841-51. [PMID: 24757137 DOI: 10.1002/art.38318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In HLA-B27-transgenic rats, the development of a disorder that mimics spondyloarthritis (SpA) is highly correlated with dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to analyze the underlying mechanisms of this via transcriptome analysis. METHODS Transcriptome analysis of ex vivo-purified splenic CD103+CD4+ DCs from B27-transgenic rats and control rats was performed. Transcriptional changes in selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A meta-analysis of our rat data and published data on gene expression in macrophages from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients was further performed. RESULTS Interferon (IFN) signaling was the most significantly affected pathway in DCs from B27-transgenic rats; the majority of genes connected to IFN were underexpressed in B27-transgenic rats as compared to controls. This pattern was already present at disease onset, persisted over time, and was conserved in 2 disease-prone B27-transgenic rat lines. In DCs from B27-transgenic rats, we further found an up-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (which may account for reverse IFN signaling) and a down-regulation of interleukin-27 (a cytokine that opposes Th17 differentiation and promotes Treg cells). The meta-analysis of data on conventional DCs from rats and data on monocyte-derived macrophages from humans revealed 7 IFN-regulated genes that were negatively regulated in both human and rat SpA (i.e., IRF1, STAT1, CXCL9, CXCL10, IFIT3, DDX60, and EPSTI1). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that expression of HLA-B27 leads to a defect in IFNγ signaling in antigen-presenting cells in both B27-transgenic rats and SpA patients, which may result in Th17 expansion and Treg cell alteration (as shown in B27-transgenic rats) and contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fert
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Institut Cochin, and INSERM U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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Rodrigues MCDO, Hamerschlak N, de Moraes DA, Simões BP, Rodrigues M, Ribeiro AAF, Voltarelli JC. Guidelines of the Brazilian society of bone Marrow transplantation on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a treatment for the autoimmune diseases systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2013; 35:134-43. [PMID: 23741192 PMCID: PMC3672124 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20130035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlio César Voltarelli
- Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Utriainen L, Firmin D, Wright P, Cerovic V, Breban M, McInnes I, Milling S. Expression of HLA-B27 causes loss of migratory dendritic cells in a rat model of spondylarthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2012; 64:3199-209. [PMID: 22674414 PMCID: PMC3553565 DOI: 10.1002/art.34561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rats transgenic for human HLA-B27 and β(2) -microglobulin (B27-transgenic rats), colitis and peripheral inflammation develop spontaneously. Therefore, B27-transgenic rats provide a model of spondylarthritis. Because inflammation in these rats requires CD4+ T lymphocytes and involves intestinal pathology, we hypothesized that dendritic cells (DCs) that migrate from the intestine and control CD4+ T cell differentiation would be aberrant in B27-transgenic rats. METHODS Migrating intestinal lymph DCs were collected via thoracic duct cannulation from B27-transgenic and control (HLA-B7-transgenic or nontransgenic) rats. The phenotypes of these DCs and of mesenteric lymph node DCs were assessed by flow cytometry. The ability of DCs to differentiate from bone marrow precursors in vitro was also assessed. RESULTS Lymph DCs showed increased activation and, strikingly, lacked the specific DC population that is important for maintaining tolerance to self-antigens. This population of DCs was also depleted from the mesenteric lymph nodes of B27-transgenic rats. Furthermore, in vitro culture of DCs from bone marrow precursors revealed a defect in the ability of B27-transgenic rats to produce DCs of the migratory phenotype, although the DCs that were generated induced enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) production from naive CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION We describe 2 different mechanisms by which HLA-B27 may contribute to inflammatory disease: increased apoptotic death of B27-transgenic DCs that normally function to maintain immunologic tolerance and enhanced IL-17 production from CD4+ T cells stimulated by the surviving B27-transgenic DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maxime Breban
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, and CNRS (UMR 8104), INSERM U1016, Paris, France, and Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Couri CEB, de Oliveira MC, Simões BP. Risks, benefits, and therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2012; 12:604-11. [PMID: 22864730 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that results from the autoimmune response against pancreatic insulin producing β cells. Apart of several insulin regimens, since the decade of 80s various immunomodulatory regimens were tested aiming at blocking some steps of the autoimmune process against β cell mass and at promoting β cell preservation. In the last years, some independent research groups tried to cure type 1 diabetes with an "immunologic reset" provided by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed patients, and the majority of patients became free form insulin with increasing levels of C-peptide along the time. In this review, we discuss the biology of hematopoietic stem cells and the possible advantages and disadvantages related to the high dose immunosuppression followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Barra Couri
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 (6° andar), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, CEP 14048-900.
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Glatigny S, Fert I, Blaton MA, Lories RJ, Araujo LM, Chiocchia G, Breban M. Proinflammatory Th17 cells are expanded and induced by dendritic cells in spondylarthritis-prone HLA-B27-transgenic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:110-20. [PMID: 21905004 DOI: 10.1002/art.33321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HLA-B27/human β2-microglobulin-transgenic (B27-transgenic) rats, a model of spondylarthritis (SpA), develop spontaneous colitis and arthritis under conventional conditions. CD4+ T cells are pivotal in the development of inflammation in B27-transgenic rats. This study was undertaken to characterize the phenotype of CD4+ T cells in this model and to determine whether dendritic cells (DCs) induce proinflammatory T cells. METHODS The phenotype of CD4+ T cells from rat lymph nodes (LNs) draining the sites of inflammation was analyzed by flow cytometry. Immunostaining was used to detect interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells in the rat joints. DCs from B27-transgenic or control rats (transgenic for HLA-B7 or nontransgenic) were cocultured with control CD4+ T cells and stimulated with anti-T cell receptor α/β. RESULTS IL-17A- and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-producing CD4+ T cells were expanded in mesenteric and popliteal LNs from B27-transgenic rats. The accumulation of Th17 cells correlated with disease development, in contrast to Th1 or Treg cells. IL-17-positive mononuclear cells were detected in the arthritic joints of B27-transgenic rats but not in the joints of control rats. Finally, in vitro cocultures demonstrated that Th17 cells were preferentially induced and expanded by DCs from B27-transgenic rats, by a process that may involve defective engagement of costimulatory molecules. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that expanded CD4+ T cells in B27-transgenic rats exhibit a proinflammatory Th17 phenotype characterized by IL-17A and TNFα production. Furthermore, this population is preferentially induced by DCs from B27-transgenic rats. These data point toward an induction of Th17 cells as a possible pathogenic mechanism in this model of SpA. However, their pathogenic role still needs to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Glatigny
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), and INSERM U1016, Paris, France
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Kwon SR. Animal Models of Spondyloarthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2012. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2012.19.5.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryul Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Antoniou AN, Guiliano DB, Lenart I, Burn G, Powis SJ. The oxidative folding and misfolding of human leukocyte antigen-b27. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:669-84. [PMID: 21671754 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class I molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is strongly associated with a group of inflammatory arthritic disorders known as the spondyloarthropathies. Many autoimmune diseases exhibit associations with major histocompatibility complex molecules encoded within the class II locus with defined immune responses either mediated by T or B-lymphocytes. Despite the association being known for over 30 years, no defined immune response and target autoantigens have been characterized for the spondyloarthropathies. Thus, the mechanism and role of HLA-B27 in disease pathogenesis remains undetermined. One hypothesis that has recently received much attention has focused around the enhanced propensity for HLA-B27 to misfold and the increased tendency of the heavy chain to dimerize. The misfolding of HLA-B27 has been associated with its redox status and this is postulated to be involved in disease development. Here we discuss the impact of the redox status on HLA-B27 biosynthesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony N Antoniou
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Centre of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Windeyer Institute of Medical Science, London, United Kingdom.
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Liu B, Tonkonogy SL, Sartor RB. Antigen-presenting cell production of IL-10 inhibits T-helper 1 and 17 cell responses and suppresses colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:653-62, 662.e1-4. [PMID: 21679711 PMCID: PMC4651012 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mice that are deficient in interleukin (IL)-10 develop colitis, mediated by T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, and IL-10-producing regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress colitis, implicating IL-10 in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. We assessed the relative importance of immunoregulatory IL-10 derived from T cells or from antigen presenting cells (APCs) in development of intestinal inflammation. METHODS CD4(+) cells from germ-free (GF) or specific pathogen-free (SPF) IL-10(-/-) or wild-type mice were injected into IL-10(-/-), Rag2(-/-) mice or Rag2(-/-) mice that express IL-10. After 6-8 weeks, we evaluated inflammation, spontaneous secretion of cytokines from colonic tissue, and mRNA levels of the transcription factor T-bet and the immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. CD4(+) T cells were co-cultured with bacterial lysate-pulsed APCs and assayed for cytokine production, FoxP3 expression, and TGF-β-mediated Smad signaling. RESULTS CD4(+) cells from GF or SPF IL-10(-/-) or wild-type mice induced more severe colitis and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in IL-10(-/-), Rag2(-/-) mice than in IL-10-replete, Rag2(-/-) mice. Co-cultures of IL-10(-/-) or wild-type CD4(+) T cells plus bacterial lysate-pulsed APCs from IL-10(-/-) mice contained more interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12/23p40, and IL-17 than co-cultures of the same T cells plus APCs from wild-type mice. CD11b(+) APCs were required for these effects. Blocking IL-10 receptors increased production of IFN-γ and IL-12/23p40 whereas exogenous IL-10 suppressed these cytokines. IL-10-producing APCs induced TGF-β-mediated, retinoic acid-dependent, differentiation of FoxP3(+) Treg cells, whereas blocking the retinoic acid receptor, in vitro and in vivo, reduced proportions of FoxP3(+) Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 produced by APCs regulates homeostatic T-cell responses to commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, CB #7032, Room 7039, Biomolecular Bldg., Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7032
- University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CB #7032, Room 7039, Biomolecular Bldg., Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7032
- Jilin University, Institute of Zoonesis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Susan L. Tonkonogy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, CB #7032, Room 7039, Biomolecular Bldg., Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7032
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606-8401
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, CB #7032, Room 7039, Biomolecular Bldg., Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7032
- University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CB #7032, Room 7039, Biomolecular Bldg., Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7032
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Pathogenicity of Misfolded and Dimeric HLA-B27 Molecules. Int J Rheumatol 2011; 2011:486856. [PMID: 21547037 PMCID: PMC3087312 DOI: 10.1155/2011/486856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between HLA-B27 and the group of autoimmune inflammatory arthritic diseases, the spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) which include ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Reactive Arthritis (ReA), has been well established and remains the strongest association between any HLA molecule and autoimmune disease. The mechanism behind this striking association remains elusive; however animal model and biochemical data suggest that HLA-B27 misfolding may be key to understanding its association with the SpAs. Recent investigations have focused on the unusual biochemical structures of HLA-B27 and their potential role in SpA pathogenesis. Here we discuss how these unusual biochemical structures may participate in cellular events leading to chronic inflammation and thus disease progression.
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Baeten D. Etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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HLA-B27-Related Uveitis. Cornea 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06387-6.00114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dhaenens M, Fert I, Glatigny S, Haerinck S, Poulain C, Donnadieu E, Hacquard-Bouder C, André C, Elewaut D, Deforce D, Breban M. Dendritic cells from spondylarthritis-prone HLA-B27-transgenic rats display altered cytoskeletal dynamics, class II major histocompatibility complex expression, and viability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2622-32. [PMID: 19714626 DOI: 10.1002/art.24780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spondylarthritis (SpA) is characterized by spinal and peripheral joint inflammation, frequently combined with extraarticular manifestations. Despite the well-established association of SpA with the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele HLA-B27, there are still different, parallel hypotheses on the relationship between HLA-B27 and disease mechanisms. The present study was undertaken to investigate several characteristics of mature dendritic cells (DCs), which are believed to be essential for triggering disease in a model of SpA in HLA-B27-transgenic rats. METHODS We combined different whole-proteome approaches (2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and iTRAQ) to define the most aberrant molecular processes occurring in spleen DCs. Videomicroscopy and flow cytometry were used to confirm both cytoskeletal and class II MHC expression deficiencies. RESULTS Our proteome studies provided evidence of up-regulation of proteins involved in class I MHC loading, and unfolded protein response, along with a striking down-regulation of several cytoskeleton-reorganizing proteins. The latter result was corroborated by findings of deficient motility, altered morphology, and decreased immunologic synapse formation. Furthermore, class II MHC surface expression was reduced in DCs from B27-transgenic rats, and this could be linked to differences in class II MHC-induced apoptotic sensitivity. Finally, we found reduced viability of the CD103+CD4- DC subpopulation, which likely exerts tolerogenic function. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings have different important implications regarding the physiology of B27-transgenic rat DCs, which have a putative role in spontaneous disease in these rats. In particular, the reduced motility and viability of putatively tolerogenic CD4+ DCs could play an important role in initiating the inflammatory process, resulting in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Dhaenens
- Laboratory for Phartmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, Ghent, Belgium
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Melis L, Elewaut D. Progress in spondylarthritis. Immunopathogenesis of spondyloarthritis: which cells drive disease? Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:233. [PMID: 19591637 PMCID: PMC2714138 DOI: 10.1186/ar2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritides, or SpA, form a cluster of chronic inflammatory diseases with the axial skeleton as the most typical disease localisation, although extra-articular manifestations such as intestinal inflammation may frequently occur during the course of the disease. This review summarises recent progress in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of SpA with special emphasis on the cellular constituents considered to be responsible for the initiation and/or perpetuation of inflammation. There are several arguments favouring a role for haematopoietic cells in the pathophysiology of spondyloarthritis, including HLA-B27-associated dendritic cell disturbances, HLA-B27 misfolding properties and T helper 17 cells. In addition, recent studies have pointed toward a pivotal role for stromal cells. A major challenge, however, remains to determine how recently identified genetic associations such as interleukin-23 receptor polymorphisms may influence cellular targets in spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lode Melis
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 0K12IB, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Fábián T, Csermely P, Fábián G, Fejérdy P. Spondyloarthropathies and bone resorption: A possible role of heat shock protein (Hsp70). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 96:149-55. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.96.2009.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fert I, Glatigny S, Poulain C, Satumtira N, Dorris ML, Taurog JD, Breban M. Correlation between dendritic cell functional defect and spondylarthritis phenotypes in HLA-B27/HUMAN beta2-microglobulin-transgenic rat lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3425-9. [PMID: 18975325 DOI: 10.1002/art.24023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the functional capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) from a panel of HLA-B27/human beta2-microglobulin (Hubeta2m)-transgenic rat lines and crosses with varying susceptibilities to spondylarthritis (SpA)-like disease. METHODS Mature splenic DCs were isolated from HLA-B27-transgenic, HLA-B7-transgenic, and/or Hubeta2m-transgenic rats and tested for support of allogeneic proliferation, compared with nontransgenic controls (all male rats on Lewis background). Graded numbers of DCs were cultured with allogeneic lymph node CD4+ T cells (dark agouti background). Proliferation was assayed by incorporation of tritiated deoxythymidine after 2-4 days of culture. RESULTS Allogeneic proliferation stimulated by DCs from the healthy HLA-B27/Hubeta2m-transgenic line 21-3 and from the healthy Hubeta2m-transgenic line 283-2 was weakly decreased (21-3) or close to normal (283-2) as compared with that observed with control nontransgenic Lewis rat DCs. In contrast, the ability of DCs from (21-3 x 283-2)F1 rats, which develop a dramatic SpA phenotype, to stimulate allogeneic proliferation was markedly defective. When DC-induced allogeneic proliferation was compared among different transgenic lines and crosses with distinct levels of susceptibility to SpA-like disease, stimulatory capacity was inversely correlated with disease susceptibility. CONCLUSION In HLA-B27/Hubeta2m-transgenic rats, a defective functional capacity of DCs correlates with susceptibility to SpA. Since it was previously demonstrated that defective DC function is not a consequence of disease, it could well be a principal factor in the spontaneous development of SpA in these lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR8104, IFR 116, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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Colbert RA, DeLay ML, Layh-Schmitt G, Sowders DP. HLA-B27 misfolding and spondyloarthropathies. Prion 2009; 3:15-26. [PMID: 19363299 DOI: 10.4161/pri.3.1.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-B27 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many spondyloarthropathies and in particular ankylosing spondylitis. The observation that the HLA-B27 heavy chain has a tendency to misfold has raised the possibility that associated diseases may belong in a rapidly expanding category of protein misfolding disorders. The synthesis of the HLA-B27 heavy chain, assembly with beta(2)m and the loading of peptide cargo, occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before transport to the cell surface. The evidence indicates that misfolding occurs in the ER prior to beta(2)m association and peptide optimization and is manifested in the formation of aberrant inter- and intra-chain disulfide bonds and accumulation of heavy chain bound to the chaperone BiP. Enhanced accumulation of misfolded heavy chains during the induction of class I expression by cytokines, can cause ER stress resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Effects of UPR activation on cytokine production are beginning to emerge and may provide important missing links between HLA-B27 misfolding and spondyloarthritis. In this chapter we will review what has been learned about HLA-B27 misfolding in human cells and in the transgenic rat model of spondyloarthritis-like disease, considering it in the context of other protein misfolding disorders. These studies provide a framework to support much needed translational work assessing HLA-B27 misfolding and UPR activation in patient-derived material, its consequences for disease pathogenesis and ultimately how and where to focus intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Colbert
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Taurog JD. Animal models of spondyloarthritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 649:245-54. [PMID: 19731634 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are available for the study of several different aspects of spondyloarthritis. The models include naturally occurring spontaneous disorders in primates and rodents, spontaneous disorders in transgenic or gene-deleted rodents and induced disorders in rodents. Areas of investigation to which these models contribute include the role HLA-B27, processes of spinal and peripheral joint inflammation and calcification, immune responses to candidate antigens and the role of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Taurog
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8884, USA.
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Colbert RA, DeLay ML, Layh-Schmitt G, Sowders DP. HLA-B27 misfolding and spondyloarthropathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 649:217-34. [PMID: 19731632 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B27 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many spondyloarthropathies and in particular ankylosing spondylitis. The observation that the HLA-B27 heavy chain has a tendency to misfold has raised the possibility that associated diseases may belong in a rapidly expanding category of protein misfolding disorders. The synthesis of the HLA-B27 heavy chain, assembly with beta2m and the loading of peptide cargo, occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before transport to the cell surface. The evidence indicates that misfolding occurs in the ER prior to b2m association and peptide optimization and is manifested in the formation of aberrant inter- and intra-chain disulfide bonds and accumulation of heavy chain bound to the chaperone BiP. Enhanced accumulation ofmisfolded heavy chains during the induction of class I expression by cytokines, can cause ER stress resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Effects of UPR activation on cytokine production are beginning to emerge and may provide important missinglinks between HLA-B27 misfolding and spondyloarthritis. In this chapter we will review what has been learned about HLA-B27 misfolding in human cells and in the transgenic rat model of spondyloarthritis-like disease, considering it in the context of other protein misfolding disorders. These studies provide a framework to support much needed translational work assessing HLA-B27 misfolding and UPR activation in patient-derived material, its consequences for disease pathogenesis and ultimately how and where to focus intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Colbert
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Abstract
Immunoablative therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive treatment modality aimed at 'resetting' the dysregulated immune system of a patient with immunoablative therapy and allow outgrowth of a nonautogressive immune system from reinfused hematopoietic stem cells, either from the patient (autologous HSCT) or a healthy donor (allogeneic HSCT). HSCT has been shown to induce profound alterations of the immune system affecting B and T cells, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells, resulting in elimination of autoantibody-producing plasma cells and in induction of regulatory T cells. Most of the available data have been collected through retrospective cohort analyses of autologous HSCT, case series, and translational studies in patients with refractory autoimmune diseases. Long-term and marked improvements of disease activity have been observed, notably in systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and treatment-related morbidity and mortality have improved due to better patient selection and modifications of transplant regimens. Treatment-related mortality has decreased to approximately 7%. Prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trials are ongoing or planned in systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and several nonrheumatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hügle
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Basel, Felix Platter Spital, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
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Qian BF, Tonkonogy SL, Sartor RB. Aberrant innate immune responses in TLR-ligand activated HLA-B27 transgenic rat cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1358-65. [PMID: 18512246 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commensal enteric microbiota initiate and perpetuate immune-mediated colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic (TG) rats but not wildtype (non-TG) littermates. However, the role of the innate immune response to bacterial components has not been established. METHODS We examined responses induced by bacterial adjuvants through Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NOD2 signaling in T-cell-depleted splenocytes from HLA-B27 TG rats versus non-TG controls. RESULTS We found that various bacterial adjuvants induced TNF production by cells obtained from specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF, sterile) TG and non-TG rats. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and CpG DNA motifs stimulated higher levels of TNF production by SPF TG rat spleen cells compared to non-TG cells. CD11b/c cell depletion eliminated PG-PS and LPS-induced TNF and dramatically reduced CpG-stimulated TNF production. Both SPF and GF TG rat spleens contain more cells that express high levels of CD11b/c and show enhanced mRNA expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 compared to non-TG rat spleens. In contrast, constitutive and bacterial-induced IL-10 production was markedly lower in TG cells compared to non-TG cells of rats from the same SPF or GF housing conditions. Notably, the ratio of TNF to IL-10 produced after TLR ligand activation was significantly higher in TG than non-TG cells. CONCLUSIONS HLA-B27 TG rats have an aberrant cell composition, altered functional TLR expression, and an intrinsic defect in IL-10 production in response to TLR ligands, which may result in exaggerated proinflammatory responses to commensal enteric bacteria and uncontrolled inflammation in this colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Feng Qian
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Li YYY, Zollner TM, Schön MP. Targeting leukocyte recruitment in the treatment of psoriasis. Clin Dermatol 2008; 26:527-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chamberland DL, Agarwal A, Kotov N, Brian Fowlkes J, Carson PL, Wang X. Photoacoustic tomography of joints aided by an Etanercept-conjugated gold nanoparticle contrast agent-an ex vivo preliminary rat study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:095101. [PMID: 21817663 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/9/095101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of anti-rheumatic drug delivery in experimental models and in human diseases would undoubtedly be very helpful for both basic research and clinical management of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have investigated the potential of an emerging hybrid imaging technology-photoacoustic tomography-in noninvasive monitoring of anti-TNF drug delivery. After the contrast agent composed of gold nanorods conjugated with Etanercept molecules was produced, ELISA experiments were performed to prove the conjugation and to show that the conjugated anti-TNF-α drug was biologically active. PAT of ex vivo rat tail joints with the joint connective tissue enhanced by intra-articularly injected contrast agent was conducted to examine the performance of PAT in visualizing the distribution of the gold-nanorod-conjugated drug in articular tissues. By using the described system, gold nanorods with a concentration down to 1 pM in phantoms or 10 pM in biological tissues can be imaged with good signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial resolution. This study demonstrates the feasibility of conjugating TNF antagonist pharmaceutical preparations with gold nanorods, preservation of the mechanism of action of TNF antagonist along with preliminary evaluation of novel PAT technology in imaging optical contrast agents conjugated with anti-rheumatic drugs. Further in vivo studies on animals are warranted to test the specific binding between such conjugates and targeted antigen in joint tissues affected by inflammation.
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Hacquard-Bouder C, Chimenti MS, Giquel B, Donnadieu E, Fert I, Schmitt A, André C, Breban M. Alteration of antigen-independent immunologic synapse formation between dendritic cells from HLA-B27-transgenic rats and CD4+ T cells: selective impairment of costimulatory molecule engagement by mature HLA-B27. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1478-89. [PMID: 17469106 DOI: 10.1002/art.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for the reduced capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) from HLA-B27-transgenic rats to form conjugates with naive T cells. METHODS We monitored interactions between DCs derived from HLA-B27-transgenic, HLA-B7-transgenic control, and nontransgenic rats and naive CD4+ T cells. Chemoattraction was studied in Transwell assays, and the formation of an immunologic synapse was examined by videomicroscopy and electron microscopy. Involvement of specific molecules in the defective interaction was examined in antibody-blocking assays. RESULTS T cells migrated normally toward B27 DCs, but upon contact, the frequency of T cells undergoing a Ca2+ response was decreased, indicating impaired immunologic synapse formation. The immunologic synapse formed between B27 DCs and T cells appeared to be normal, as assessed by electron microscopy and by the Ca2+ response. Blocking lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 on T cells or blocking activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecules on DCs inhibited an equivalent proportion of conjugates from forming between B27 or control DCs and T cells, whereas blocking CD86 on DCs and blocking CD28, CD2, or CD4 on T cells inhibited a greater number of conjugates from forming with control DCs, indicating specific involvement of costimulatory molecules in the reduced formation of conjugates with B27 DCs. Mature B27 molecules on the DC surface were responsible for this decreased formation of conjugates. CONCLUSION In the HLA-B27-transgenic rat model of spondylarthropathy, mature B27 molecules expressed by DCs impair the formation of an antigen-independent immunologic synapse with naive CD4+ T cells by interfering with the engagement of costimulatory molecules. This phenomenon could potentially affect the production and/or maintenance of regulatory T cells and contribute to the expansion of pathogenic CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Hacquard-Bouder
- Institut Cochin, Université René Descartes, CNRS (VMR 8104), Paris, INSERM U 567, Paris, France
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Smith JA, Märker-Hermann E, Colbert RA. Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis: current concepts. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20:571-91. [PMID: 16777583 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
More than three decades after the discovery of HLA-B27 as a major genetic clue to the origins of ankylosing spondylitis, much has been learned about pathogenesis. However, the role of this major histocompatibility complex class I allele remains undefined. Studies from animal models have demonstrated that HLA-B27 overexpression can cause inflammatory disease with spondyloarthritis features, and together with investigations of patient-derived material, both innate adaptive and immune responses have been implicated. The gastrointestinal immune response to pathogens and even normal flora, with subclinical or overt inflammation, may play a role as an environmental component of these diseases. Although there has been a large conceptual emphasis on mechanisms involving autoreactive T-cell recognition of HLA-B27 complexes displaying arthritogenic peptides, and more recently non-canonical recognition of abnormal forms of HLA-B27 free of beta(2)m (heavy-chain dimers or monomers), it remains unclear whether immunological recognition plays a role in pathogenesis. The recognition that the HLA-B27 heavy chain misfolds during assembly, and causes endoplasmic reticulum 'stress', has led to the observation that this activates the unfolded protein response. This has opened additional areas of investigation into the response of immune system cells to protein misfolding, and suggested novel alternative concepts that may explain the role of HLA-B27 in pathogenesis. This chapter will discuss available data and current concepts regarding the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Smith
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Dr. Horst Schmidt kliniken GmbH, Aukammallee 39 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
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Toussirot E, Wendling D. Immunogénétique de la spondylarthrite ankylosante. Rev Med Interne 2006; 27:762-71. [PMID: 16782239 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease with axial involvement but its physiopathology remains unexplained. This latter combines genetic and environmental factors as well as an abnormal immune response. CURRENT TOPICS AND IMPORTANT RESULT This review addresses the different aspects of AS immunogenetic. A genetic background in AS is suggested by familial cases, concordance rate in twins and transmission of the disease in siblings. Ankylosing spondylitis is strongly associated with the expression of the HLA Class I antigen, B27, but also with other genes not yet identified since currently, only chromosomic area have been linked to AS. Studies of candidate genes or genome screening allow to determine these chromosomic regions. HLA-B27 is directly associated with the disease physiopathology as suggested by animal models of rats transgenic for human HLA-B27 and beta2 microglobulin. This HLA molecule have original biological properties, in particular a slow heavy chain folding and the formation of heavy chain homodimers without light chain. However, HLA B27 is a functional molecule and assumes its property of presenting peptide of 9 amino acids to CD8+ T cells. Interaction modelling studies between HLA B27 and peptides have identified peptide and peptide groove amino acid sequences, with the identification of critical positions on the HLA B27 molecule for the peptide interaction. Original biochemical properties of HLA-B27 include diminished bacterial antigen response and CD4+ T lymphocyte stimulation. Innate immunity is also of interest in AS, as suggested by the presence of macrophage and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in AS synovitis, as well as the contribution of Toll-like receptors. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS Thus in AS, the inflammatory process and then the clinical consequences may be explained by the involvement of HLA-B27, a bacterial antigen presentation, an abnormal immune response and the contribution of innate immunity, T CD4+ but also T CD8+ cells. The original molecular structures of HLA-B27 are certainly involved in this complex physiopathology, but their direct influence on the disease remains to be precised.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Toussirot
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU Jean-Minjoz, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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Qian BF, Tonkonogy SL, Balfour Sartor R. Luminal bacterial antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in HLA-B27 transgenic rats with chronic colitis are mediated by both major histocompatibility class II and HLA-B27 molecules. Immunology 2006; 117:319-28. [PMID: 16476051 PMCID: PMC1782237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats transgenic (TG) for the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I HLA-B27 and beta2-microglobulin genes develop chronic colitis under specific pathogen-free (SPF) but not sterile (germ-free, GF) conditions. We investigated the role of antigen-presenting molecules involved in generating immune responses by CD4+ mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells from colitic HLA-B27 TG rats to commensal enteric micro-organisms. All TG MLN cells expressed HLA-B27. A higher level of MHC class II was expressed on cells from TG rats, both SPF and GF, compared to non-TG littermates. In contrast, rat MHC class I expression was lower on TG than non-TG cells. Both TG and non-TG antigen presenting cells (APC) pulsed with caecal bacterial antigens induced a marked interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response in TG CD4+ T lymphocytes but failed to stimulate non-TG cells. Blocking MHC class II on both TG and non-TG APC dramatically inhibited their ability to induce TG CD4+ T cells to produce IFN-gamma. Blocking HLA-B27 on TG APC similarly inhibited IFN-gamma responses. When the antibodies against MHC class II and HLA-B27 were combined, no APC-dependent IFN-gamma response was detected. These data implicate both native rat MHC class II and TG HLA-B27 in CD4+ MLN T-cell IFN-gamma responses to commensal enteric microflora in this colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Feng Qian
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Tran TM, Dorris ML, Satumtira N, Richardson JA, Hammer RE, Shang J, Taurog JD. Additional human β2-microglobulin curbs HLA–B27 misfolding and promotes arthritis and spondylitis without colitis in male HLA–B27–transgenic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1317-27. [PMID: 16575857 DOI: 10.1002/art.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankylosing spondylitis and related spondylarthritides are associated with HLA-B27, and also with intestinal inflammation, by unknown mechanisms. The folded HLA-B27 molecule is a trimer of heavy chain, beta2-microglobulin (beta2m), and short peptide. However, B27 heavy chain has an unusual propensity to misfold and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that B27 misfolding plays a role in the pathogenesis of spondylarthritis. METHODS Rats with high transgene copy numbers of HLA-B27 heavy chain together with human beta2m (Hubeta2m) spontaneously develop colitis, peripheral arthritis, and occasional spondylitis, and those with lower transgene copy numbers remain healthy. We crossed disease-prone and healthy HLA-B27/Hubeta2m-transgenic rat lines with a healthy line, 283-2, carrying only the Hubeta2m transgene. HLA-B27 assembly was assessed by pulse-chase analysis of B27 molecules, and UPR triggering was assessed by measuring BiP/Grp78 messenger RNA (mRNA) in splenic concanavalin A blasts. Surface expression of B27 and Hubeta2m was determined by flow cytometry. Disease manifestations were identified by clinical observation, histology, and measurement of cytokine mRNA. RESULTS The extra Hubeta2m from the 283-2 line significantly reduced B27 misfolding and UPR triggering. Unexpectedly, however, F1 male offspring of the healthy 21-3 line crossed with the 283-2 line showed a high prevalence, severity, and duration of arthritis and spondylitis, in the absence of colitis. The arthropathy showed many features characteristic of human spondylarthritis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that B27 misfolding is associated with intestinal inflammation, but that neither B27 misfolding nor intestinal inflammation is critical to the development of B27-associated arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri M Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-8884, USA
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Turner MJ, Delay ML, Bai S, Klenk E, Colbert RA. HLA–B27 up-regulation causes accumulation of misfolded heavy chains and correlates with the magnitude of the unfolded protein response in transgenic rats: Implications for the pathogenesis of spondylarthritis-like disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 56:215-23. [PMID: 17195225 DOI: 10.1002/art.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HLA-B27 is implicated in the pathogenesis of spondylarthritis (SpA), yet the molecular mechanisms are incompletely defined. HLA-B27 misfolding has been associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in macrophages from HLA-B27/human beta(2)-microglobulin-transgenic (B27-transgenic) rats. This study was performed to assess the mechanisms that drive activation of the HLA-B27-induced UPR and to determine whether splenocytes respond in a similar manner. METHODS Splenocytes were isolated and bone marrow macrophages were derived from B27-transgenic and wild-type rats. Cells were treated for up to 24 hours with cytokines that induce class I major histocompatibility complex expression. HLA-B27 expression and misfolding were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. Activation of the UPR was measured by quantifying UPR target gene expression and X-box binding protein 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. RESULTS HLA-B27 mRNA up-regulation was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the accumulation of misfolded heavy chains and preceded robust activation of the UPR in macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various cytokines, the magnitude of the UPR correlated strongly with the degree of HLA-B27 up-regulation. In contrast, B27-transgenic splenocytes exhibited only low-level differences in the expression of UPR target genes after exposure to interferon-gamma or concanavalin A, which resulted in minimal HLA-B27 up-regulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HLA-B27-associated activation of the UPR in macrophages is attributable to the accumulation of misfolded heavy chains, and that certain cell types may be more susceptible to the effects of HLA-B27 misfolding. Strategies that eliminate HLA-B27 up-regulation and/or the accumulation of misfolded heavy chains may be useful in evaluating the role of these events in the pathogenesis of SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Turner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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