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Stolfo JB, Motta ACDA. Density of high endothelial venules and PDL-1 expression: relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary cutaneous melanomas. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230441. [PMID: 38511744 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have highlighted melanoma immunogenicity, and the prognostic importance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and mechanisms of tumor immune evasion, such as hyperexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1). High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized blood vessels that can facilitate the lymphocytes migration to the tumor. Here we evaluate the association of HEV density and PDL-1 expression in primary cutaneous melanomas with the presence and degree of TILs and with other clinicopathological variables (age, sex, tumor location, melanoma histological type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, regression signs, mitotic index). HEV density and PDL-1 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in 78 melanoma cases, using a specific antibody, and were detected in 59% and 76% of these, respectively. Positive associations were identified between HEV density and PDL-1 expression with the presence and degree of lymphocytic infiltration, melanoma histological type and ulceration presence. No correlation was found between HEV density and PDL-1 expression. Our findings confirm the HEV role in the recruitment and facilitation of lymphocyte transport in cutaneous melanomas, where HEV density is strongly associated with the degree of TILs. Additionally, PDL-1 hyperexpression suggests a possible mechanism of tumor immune evasion, which may lead to inactivation and reduction of the tumor lymphocytes number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane B Stolfo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Campus I, BR 285, Km 171, São José, 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana C DA Motta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Campus I, BR 285, Km 171, São José, 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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2
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Jung S, Ben Nasr M, Bahmani B, Usuelli V, Zhao J, Sabiu G, Seelam AJ, Naini SM, Balasubramanian HB, Park Y, Li X, Khalefa SA, Kasinath V, Williams MD, Rachid O, Haik Y, Tsokos GC, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Bromberg JS, Tao W, Fiorina P, Abdi R. Nanotargeted Delivery of Immune Therapeutics in Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300812. [PMID: 37357903 PMCID: PMC10629472 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune therapeutics holds great promise in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Nonetheless, their progress is hampered by limited efficacy, equipoise, or issues of safety. To address this, a novel and specific nanodelivery platform for T1D that targets high endothelial venules (HEVs) presented in the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and pancreas is developed. Data indicate that the pancreata of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with T1D are unique in their expression of newly formed HEVs. Anti-CD3 mAb is encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (NPs), the surfaces of which are conjugated with MECA79 mAb that recognizes HEVs. Targeted delivery of these NPs improves accumulation of anti-CD3 mAb in both the PLNs and pancreata of NOD mice. Treatment of hyperglycemic NOD mice with MECA79-anti-CD3-NPs results in significant reversal of T1D compared to those that are untreated, treated with empty NPs, or provided free anti-CD3. This effect is associated with a significant reduction of T effector cell populations in the PLNs and a decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in the mice treated with MECA79-anti-CD3-NPs. In summary, HEV-targeted therapeutics may be used as a means by which immune therapeutics can be delivered to PLNs and pancreata to suppress autoimmune diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Baharak Bahmani
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hari Baskar Balasubramanian
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Youngrong Park
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Salma Ayman Khalefa
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - MacKenzie D Williams
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ousama Rachid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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3
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Liu W, Xiong W, Liu W, Hirakawa J, Kawashima H. A novel monoclonal antibody against 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x glycans attenuates murine allergic rhinitis by suppressing Th2 immune responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15740. [PMID: 37735247 PMCID: PMC10514285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte homing is mediated by the interaction between L-selectin on lymphocytes and its glycoprotein ligands modified with 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo sLex) glycans on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs). However, the lack of specific antibodies reactive with both human and mouse 6-sulfo sLex has limited our understanding of its function in vivo. Here, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody, termed SF1, that specifically reacts with 6-sulfo sLex expressed on HEVs in both species in a manner dependent on sulfate, fucose, and sialic acid modifications. Glycan array and biolayer interferometry analyses indicated that SF1 specifically bound to 6-sulfo sLex with a dissociation constant of 6.09 × 10-9 M. SF1 specifically bound to four glycoproteins from PLNs corresponding to the molecular sizes of L-selectin ligand glycoproteins. Consistently, SF1 inhibited L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte rolling on 6-sulfo sLex-expressing cells ex vivo and lymphocyte homing to PLNs and nasal-associated lymphoid tissues in vivo. Furthermore, SF1 significantly attenuated ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice in association with significant suppression of Th2 immune responses. Collectively, these results suggest that SF1 can be useful for the functional analysis of 6-sulfo sLex and may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic agent against immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Wei Xiong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Jotaro Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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4
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Zhao J, Jung S, Li X, Li L, Kasinath V, Zhang H, Movahedi SN, Mardini A, Sabiu G, Hwang Y, Saxena V, Song Y, Ma B, Acton SE, Kim P, Madsen JC, Sage PT, Tullius SG, Tsokos GC, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Delivery of costimulatory blockade to lymph nodes promotes transplant acceptance in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159672. [PMID: 36519543 PMCID: PMC9754003 DOI: 10.1172/jci159672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is the primary site of alloimmunity activation and regulation during transplantation. Here, we investigated how fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) facilitate the tolerance induced by anti-CD40L in a murine model of heart transplantation. We found that both the absence of LNs and FRC depletion abrogated the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging murine heart allograft survival. Depletion of FRCs impaired homing of T cells across the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and promoted formation of alloreactive T cells in the LNs in heart-transplanted mice treated with anti-CD40L. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the LNs showed that anti-CD40L promotes a Madcam1+ FRC subset. FRCs also promoted the formation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing anti-CD40L were selectively delivered to the LNs by coating them with MECA-79, which binds to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) glycoproteins expressed exclusively by HEVs. Treatment with these MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs markedly delayed the onset of heart allograft rejection and increased the presence of Tregs. Finally, combined MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs and rapamycin treatment resulted in markedly longer allograft survival than soluble anti-CD40L and rapamycin. These data demonstrate that FRCs are critical to facilitating costimulatory blockade. LN-targeted nanodelivery of anti-CD40L could effectively promote heart allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Said N. Movahedi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad Mardini
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilhan Kim
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Mauersberger C, Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Where the Action Is-Leukocyte Recruitment in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:813984. [PMID: 35087886 PMCID: PMC8787128 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.813984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide and leukocyte recruitment is a key element of this phenomenon, thus allowing immune cells to enter the arterial wall. There, in concert with accumulating lipids, the invading leukocytes trigger a plethora of inflammatory responses which promote the influx of additional leukocytes and lead to the continued growth of atherosclerotic plaques. The recruitment process follows a precise scheme of tethering, rolling, firm arrest, crawling and transmigration and involves multiple cellular and subcellular players. This review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date insight into the process of leukocyte recruitment relevant to atherosclerosis, each from the perspective of endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and platelets. In addition, therapeutic options targeting leukocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions-or potentially arising from the growing body of insights into its precise mechanisms-are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mauersberger
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hinterdobler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Ghosh S, Feigelson SW, Montresor A, Shimoni E, Roncato F, Legler DF, Laudanna C, Haran G, Alon R. CCR7 signalosomes are preassembled on tips of lymphocyte microvilli in proximity to LFA-1. Biophys J 2021; 120:4002-4012. [PMID: 34411577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte microvilli are elastic actin-rich projections implicated in rapid sensing and penetration across glycocalyx barriers. Microvilli are critical for the capture and arrest of flowing lymphocytes by high endothelial venules, the main lymph node portal vessels. T lymphocyte arrest involves subsecond activation of the integrin LFA-1 by the G-protein-coupled receptor CCR7 and its endothelial-displayed ligands, the chemokines CCL21 and CCL19. The topographical distribution of CCR7 and of LFA-1 in relation to lymphocyte microvilli has never been elucidated. We applied the recently developed microvillar cartography imaging technique to determine the topographical distribution of CCR7 and LFA-1 with respect to microvilli on peripheral blood T lymphocytes. We found that CCR7 is clustered on the tips of T cell microvilli. The vast majority of LFA-1 molecules were found on the cell body, likely assembled in macroclusters, but a subset of LFA-1, 5% of the total, were found scattered within 20 nm from the CCR7 clusters, implicating these LFA-1 molecules as targets for inside-out activation signals transmitted within a fraction of a second by chemokine-bound CCR7. Indeed, RhoA, the key GTPase involved in rapid LFA-1 affinity triggering by CCR7, was also found to be clustered near CCR7. In addition, we observed that the tyrosine kinase JAK2 controls CCR7-mediated LFA-1 affinity triggering and is also highly enriched on tips of microvilli. We propose that tips of lymphocyte microvilli are novel signalosomes for subsecond CCR7-mediated inside-out signaling to neighboring LFA-1 molecules, a critical checkpoint in LFA-1-mediated lymphocyte arrest on high endothelial venules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Shimoni
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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7
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Ziganshina MM, Dolgushina NV, Kulikova GV, Fayzullina NM, Yarotskaya EL, Khasbiullina NR, Abdurakhmanova NF, Asaturova AV, Shchegolev AI, Dovgan AA, Sukhikh GT. Epithelial apical glycosylation changes associated with thin endometrium in women with infertility - a pilot observational study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:73. [PMID: 33992099 PMCID: PMC8122553 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low endometrial receptivity is one of the major factors affecting successful implantation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Infertile patients with thin endometrium have a significantly lower cumulative clinical pregnancy rate than patients with normal endometrium. Molecular pathophysiology of low receptivity of thin endometrium remains understudied. We have investigated composition of glycocalyx of the apical surface of luminal and glandular epithelial cells in thin endometrium of infertile women. METHODS Thirty-two patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included in the study. Endometrial samples were obtained in a natural menstrual cycle. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with normal endometrium (≥8 mm) and with thin endometrium (< 8 mm). Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded endometrial samples was performed using six biotinylated lectins (UEA-I, MAL-II, SNA, VVL, ECL, Con A) and anti-LeY and MECA-79 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). RESULTS Complex glycans analysis taking into account the adjusted specificity of glycan-binding MAbs revealed 1.3 times less expression of MECA-79 glycans on the apical surface of the luminal epithelial cells of thin endometrium compared to normal endometrium; this deficiency may adversely affect implantation, since MECA-79 glycans are a ligand of L-selectin and mediate intercellular interactions. The glycans containing a type-2 unit Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ (LacNAc) but lacking sulfo-residues at 6-OH of GlcNAcβ, and binding to MECA-79 MAbs were found; they can be considered as potential markers of endometrium receptivity. Expression of the lectins-stained glycans on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells did not differ significantly. Correlation between the expression of difucosylated oligosaccharide LeY on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells was found in patients with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure. A similar relationship was shown for mannose-rich glycans. CONCLUSIONS Specific features of key glycans expression in epithelial compartments of thin endometrium may be essential for morphogenesis of the endometrial functional layer and explain its low receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Ziganshina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997.
| | - Nataliya V Dolgushina
- R&D Department, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Galina V Kulikova
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Nafisa M Fayzullina
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L Yarotskaya
- Department of International Cooperation, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Nailia R Khasbiullina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997
| | - Nigora F Abdurakhmanova
- Department of Assisted Technologies in Treatment of Infertility, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Asaturova
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander I Shchegolev
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alina A Dovgan
- Department of Assisted Technologies in Treatment of Infertility, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Oparina str. 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997
- First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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8
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Jiang L, Jung S, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Ichimura T, Joseph J, Fiorina P, Liss AS, Shah K, Annabi N, Joshi N, Akama TO, Bromberg JS, Kobayashi M, Uchimura K, Abdi R. Simultaneous targeting of primary tumor, draining lymph node, and distant metastases through high endothelial venule-targeted delivery. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101045. [PMID: 33391389 PMCID: PMC7774643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with malignant involvement of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant metastases have the poorest prognosis. A drug delivery platform that targets the primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastatic niches simultaneously, remains to be developed. Here, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (MHA112) against peripheral node addressin (PNAd), a family of glycoproteins expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are present constitutively in the lymph nodes (LNs) and formed ectopically in the tumor stroma. MHA112 was endocytosed by PNAd-expressing cells, where it passed through the lysosomes. MHA112 conjugated antineoplastic drug Paclitaxel (Taxol) (MHA112-Taxol) delivered Taxol effectively to the HEV-containing tumors, TDLNs, and metastatic lesions. MHA112-Taxol treatment significantly reduced primary tumor size as well as metastatic lesions in a number of mouse and human tumor xenografts tested. These data, for the first time, indicate that human metastatic lesions contain HEVs and provide a platform that permits simultaneous targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs to the three key sites of primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew S. Liss
- Department of Surgery and the Andrew L. Warshaw, MD Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Unit of Glycobiology Structures and Functions, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Grant D, Wanner N, Frimel M, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Comprehensive phenotyping of endothelial cells using flow cytometry 2: Human. Cytometry A 2020; 99:257-264. [PMID: 33369145 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In vascular research, clinical samples and samples from animal models are often used together to foster translation of preclinical findings to humans. General concepts of endothelia and murine-specific endothelial phenotypes were discussed in part 1 of this two part series. Here, in part 2, we present a comprehensive overview of human-specific endothelial phenotypes. Pan-endothelial cell markers, organ specific endothelial antigens, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood-borne endothelial cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Grant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Frimel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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10
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Grant D, Wanner N, Frimel M, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Comprehensive phenotyping of endothelial cells using flow cytometry 1: Murine. Cytometry A 2020; 99:251-256. [PMID: 33345421 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium forms a selective barrier between circulating blood or lymph and surrounding tissue. Endothelial cells play an essential role in vessel homeostasis, and identification of these cells is critical in vascular biology research. However, characteristics of endothelial cells differ depending on the location and type of blood or lymph vessel. Endothelial cell subsets are numerous and often identified using different flow cytometric markers, making immunophenotyping these cells complex. In part 1 of this two part review series, we present a comprehensive overview of markers for the flow cytometric identification and phenotyping of murine endothelial subsets. These subsets can be distinguished using a panel of cell surface and intracellular markers shared by all endothelial cells in combination with additional markers of specialized endothelial cell types. This review can be used to determine the best markers for identifying and phenotyping desired murine endothelial cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Grant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Frimel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Windsperger K, Vondra S, Lackner AI, Kunihs V, Haslinger P, Meinhardt G, Dietrich B, Dekan S, Fiala C, Knöfler M, Saleh L, Pollheimer J. Densities of decidual high endothelial venules correlate with T-cell influx in healthy pregnancies and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy losses. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:2467-2477. [PMID: 32940686 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do high endothelial venules (HEVs) appear in the uterus of healthy and pathological pregnancies? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study reveals that HEVs are present in the non-pregnant endometrium and decidua parietalis (decP) but decline upon placentation in decidua basalis (decB) and are less abundant in decidual tissues from idiopathic, recurrent pregnancy losses (RPLs). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY RPL is associated with a compromised decidual vascular phenotype. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial (n = 29) and first trimester decidual (n = 86, 6-12th week of gestation) tissue samples obtained from endometrial biopsies or elective pregnancy terminations were used to determine the number of HEVs and T cells. In addition, quantification of HEVs and immune cells was performed in a cohort of decidual tissues from RPL (n = 25). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Position and frequency of HEVs were determined in non-pregnant endometrial as well as decidual tissue sections using immunofluorescence (IF) staining with antibodies against E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, ephrin receptor B4, CD34 and a carbohydrate epitope specific to HEVs (MECA-79). Immune cell distribution and characterization was determined by antibodies recognizing CD45 and CD3 by IF staining- and flow cytometry-based analyses. Antibodies against c-c motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and lymphotoxin-beta were used in IF staining and Western blot analyses of decidual tissues. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Functional HEVs are found in high numbers in the secretory endometrium and decP but decline in numbers upon placentation in decB (P ≤ 0.001). Decidua parietalis tissues contain higher levels of the HEV-maintaining factor lymphotoxin beta and decP-associated HEVs also express CCL21 (P ≤ 0.05), a potent T-cell chemoattractant. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the numbers of decidual HEVs and the abundance of CD3+ cells in decidual tissue sections (P ≤ 0.001). In-depth analysis of a RPL tissue collection revealed a decreased decB (P ≤ 0.01) and decP (P ≤ 0.01) HEV density as well as reduced numbers of T cells in decB (P ≤ 0.05) and decP (P ≤ .001) sections when compared with age-matched healthy control samples. Using receiver-operating characteristics analyses, we found significant predictive values for the ratios of CD3/CD45 (P < 0.001) and HEVs/total vessels (P < 0.001) for the occurrence of RPL. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Analyses were performed in first trimester decidual tissues from elective terminations of pregnancy or non-pregnant endometrium samples from patients diagnosed with non-endometrial pathologies including cervical polyps, ovarian cysts and myomas. First trimester decidual tissues may include pregnancies which potentially would have developed placental disorders later in gestation. In addition, our cohort of non-pregnant endometrium may not reflect the endometrial vascular phenotype of healthy women. Finally, determination of immune cell distributions in the patient cohorts studied may be influenced by the different modes of tissue derivation. Pregnancy terminations were performed by surgical aspiration, endometrial tissues were obtained by biopsies and RPL tissues were collected after spontaneous loss of pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In this study, we propose an inherent mechanism by which the endometrium and in particular the decidua control T-cell recruitment. By demonstrating reduced HEV densities and numbers of T cells in decB and decP tissues of RPL samples we further support previous findings reporting an altered vascular phenotype in early pregnancy loss. Altogether, the findings provide important information to further decipher the etiologies of unexplained RPL. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P31470 B30 to M.K.) and by the Austrian National Bank (17613ONB to J.P.). There are no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Windsperger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Ian Lackner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Kunihs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Haslinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Meinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bianca Dietrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Dekan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Saleh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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High Endothelial Venule with Concomitant High CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Is Associated with a Favorable Prognosis in Resected Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082628. [PMID: 32823631 PMCID: PMC7464373 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a major role in antitumor immunity. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are related to diverse immune cells in solid tumors. We analyzed CD8+ and Foxp3+ TILs in combination with HEVs to determine their prognostic role in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We enrolled 157 patients with AGC in this study. The densities of CD8+ TILs and Foxp3+ TILs were calculated using immunohistochemical staining. HEVs were evaluated by MECA-79 expression. HEVs were identified in 60 (38.2%) cases and was significantly associated with an increased number of CD8+ TILs (p = 0.027) but not of Foxp3+ TILs (p = 0.455) and CD20+ TILs (p = 0.163). A high CD8+/HEV+ level was significantly associated with nodal metastasis (p = 0.048). In survival analysis, patients with high CD8+/HEV+ levels demonstrated the longest overall survival (OS) (p = 0.015). Furthermore, a high CD8+/HEV+ level was an independent prognostic factor in AGC (p = 0.011; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.435; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.245–0.837). HEVs were found to play an important role in antitumor immunity associated with CD8+ TILs in AGC. This analysis of HEVs and CD8+ TILs helps stratify patients with AGC and sheds light on tumor immunity.
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13
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Fernandez-Flores A, Suarez Peñaranda JM, De Toro G, Alvarez Cuesta CC, Fernández-Figueras MT, Kempf W, Monteagudo C. Expression of Peripheral Node Addressins by Plasmacytic Plaque of Children, APACHE, TRAPP, and Primary Cutaneous Angioplasmacellular Hyperplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:411-419. [PMID: 29994799 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-endothelial venules are a common feature of 3 types of cutaneous pseudolymphomas: pretibial lymphoplasmacytic plaque (PLP) of children, acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children (APACHE), and T-cell rich angiomatoid polypoid pseudolymphoma (TRAPP). In addition, primary cutaneous angioplasmacellular hyperplasia (PCAH) overlaps with these other 3 conditions. We intend to study the expression of peripheral node addressins in PLP, APACHE, TRAPP, and PCAH. We studied 1 case of PLP, 2 cases of APACHE, 2 cases of TRAPP, and 2 cases of PCAH. Immunostainings for MECA-79 and WT-1 were obtained in all cases. All cases showed a dense lymphohistiocytic dermal inflammatory infiltrate with abundant plasma cells. In addition, HEV were prominent in all cases. Cases of PLP, APACHE, and TRAPP expressed MECA-1. Cases of PCAH did not express MECA-1. Although PLP, APACHE, and TRAPP seem to fall under the same morphologic spectrum with different clinical representations, PCAH seems to be a different entity, with histopathologic peculiarities and a different immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Suarez Peñaranda
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Sciences, Univesity of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gonzalo De Toro
- Pathology Service Puerto Montt Hospital, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologic Diagnosis, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Stock AD, Der E, Gelb S, Huang M, Weidenheim K, Ben-Zvi A, Putterman C. Tertiary lymphoid structures in the choroid plexus in neuropsychiatric lupus. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124203. [PMID: 31167973 PMCID: PMC6629135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain poorly understood. Given the well-defined role of autoantibodies in other lupus manifestations, extensive work has gone into the identification of neuropathic autoantibodies. However, attempts to translate these findings to patients with SLE have yielded mixed results. We used the MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mouse, a well-established, spontaneous model of SLE, to establish the immune effectors responsible for brain disease. Transcriptomic analysis of the MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr choroid plexus revealed an expression signature driving tertiary lymphoid structure formation, including chemokines related to stromal reorganization and lymphocyte compartmentalization. Additionally, transcriptional profiles indicated various stages of lymphocyte activation and germinal center formation. The extensive choroid plexus infiltrate present in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice with overt neurobehavioral deficits included locally proliferating B and T cells, intercellular interactions between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, as well as evidence for in situ somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. Furthermore, the choroid plexus was a site for trafficking lymphocytes into the brain. Finally, histological evaluation in human lupus patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations revealed increased leukocyte migration through the choroid plexus. These studies identify a potential new pathway underlying neuropsychiatric lupus and support tertiary lymphoid structure formation in the choroid plexus as a novel mechanism of brain-immune interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D. Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evan Der
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sivan Gelb
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michelle Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ayal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Bahmani B, Uehara M, Ordikhani F, Li X, Jiang L, Banouni N, Ichimura T, Kasinath V, Eskandari SK, Annabi N, Bromberg JS, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Abdi R. Ectopic high endothelial venules in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A unique site for targeted delivery. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:79-88. [PMID: 30497977 PMCID: PMC6306381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine offers an excellent opportunity to tackle treatment-refractory malignancies by enhancing the delivery of therapeutics to the tumor site. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are found primarily in lymph nodes or formed de novo in peripheral tissues during inflammatory responses. They express peripheral node addressin (PNAd), which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody MECA79. METHODS Here, we demonstrated that HEVs form de novo in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We engineered MECA79 coated nanoparticles (MECA79-NPs) that recognize these ectopic HEVs in PDAC. FINDINGS The trafficking of MECA79-NPs following intravenous delivery to human PDAC implanted in a humanized mouse model was more robust than non-conjugated NPs. Treatment with MECA79-Taxol-NPs augmented the delivery of Paclitaxel (Taxol) to the tumor site and significantly reduced the tumor size. This effect was associated with a higher apoptosis rate of PDAC cells and reduced vascularization within the tumor. INTERPRETATION Targeting the HEVs of PDAC using MECA79-NPs could lay the ground for the localized delivery of a wide variety of drugs including chemotherapeutic agents. FUND: National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants: T32-EB016652 (B·B.), NIH Cancer Core Grant CA034196 (L.D.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grants R01-AI126596 and R01-HL141815 (R.A.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharak Bahmani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siawosh K Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Carlow DA, Tra MC, Ziltener HJ. A cell-extrinsic ligand acquired by activated T cells in lymph node can bridge L-selectin and P-selectin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205685. [PMID: 30379850 PMCID: PMC6209203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
P-selectin expressed on activated endothelia and platelets supports recruitment of leukocytes expressing P-selectin ligand to sites of inflammation. While monitoring P-selectin ligand expression on activated CD8+ T cells in murine adoptive transfer models, we observed two distinct ligands on responding donor cells, the canonical cell-intrinsic P-selectin ligand PSGL-1 and a second undocumented P-selectin ligand we provisionally named PSL2. PSL2 is unusual among selectin ligands in that it is cell-extrinsic, loaded onto L-selectin expressed by activated T cells but not L-selectin on resting naïve CD8+ T cells. PSL2 display is highest on activated T cells responding in peripheral lymph nodes and low on T cells responding in spleen suggesting that the original source of PSL2 is high endothelial venules, cells known to produce L-selectin ligands. PSL2 is a ligand for both P-selectin and L-selectin and can physically bridge the two selectins. The L-selectin/PSL2 complex can mediate P-selectin-dependent adherence of activated T cells to immobilized P-selectin or to activated platelets, either independently or cooperatively with PSGL-1. PSL2's capacity to bridge between L-selectin on activated T cells and P-selectin reveals an undocumented and unanticipated activity of cell-extrinsic selectin ligands in mediating selectin-selectin connectivity. The timing and circumstances of PSL2 detection on T cells, together with its capacity to support adherence to P-selectin-bearing substrates, are consistent with P-selectin engagement of both PSGL1 and the L-selectin/PSL2 complex during T cell recruitment. Engagement of PSGL-1 and L-selectin/PSL2 would likely deliver distinct signals known to be relevant in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Carlow
- The Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle C. Tra
- The Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hermann J. Ziltener
- The Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Endometrial L-selectin ligand is downregulated in the mid-secretory phase during the menstrual cycle in women with adenomyosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:507-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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18
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Evaluation of immune responses in mice and sheep inoculated with a live attenuated Brucella melitensis REV1 vaccine produced in bioreactor. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 198:44-53. [PMID: 29571517 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Brucella melitensis REV1 vaccine is the most widely employed vaccine for prophylaxis against brucellosis in sheep and goats. The objective of vaccination is disease control in herds or preventing infection in farms. In this study, we produced REV1 vaccine with a protocol, based on the use of liquid medium in a bioreactor, that resulted efficient, safe, relatively fast, and cost-effective. The live attenuated vaccine produced was tested in mice and sheep to investigate its immunogenicity and efficacy. Seventy-two female BALB/c mice were obtained and subdivided in 2 groups, one was stimulated with 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of B. melitensis while the other with physiological solution alone and acting as control group. Furthermore, 25 sheep were subdivided into 5 groups: four were inoculated with a B. melitensis dose, ranging from 0.6 × 109 and 3.2 × 109 CFUs and the other was the control group. In addition, a serological diagnosis was performed for sheep by rapid serum agglutination and the complement-fixation test. Immunocompetent cells from both experiment were collected at different times post vaccination and immunostained to evaluate innate and adaptive-immune responses. In mice flow cytometry was used to detect macrophages, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, memory cells, naïve cells, natural killer cells, major histocompatibility complex type II, B lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and recently activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. In sheep, macrophages, T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, memory cells and naïve lymphocytes, by the same method, were analyzed. The results showed, both in mice and sheep, that the live, attenuated REV1 vaccine stimulated all immunocompetent cells tested, with a balanced innate and adaptive response. In the sheep experiment, the administered vaccine dose was very important because, at the lower doses, immunological tolerance tended to disappear, while, at the highest dose, the immunological tolerance remained active for a long period. In our experimental conditions, the optimal vaccine dose for sheep was 3.2 × 109 CFUs, although a good immune response was found using a dose of 1.6 × 109 CFUs. The vaccine produced in this study could be extensively employed in developing countries to control the brucellosis in sheep and goats.
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19
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Lai TH, Chang FW, Lin JJ, Ling QD. Gene expression of human endometrial L-selectin ligand in relation to the phases of the natural menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1443. [PMID: 29362381 PMCID: PMC5780486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates peptide components of L-selectin ligand (LSL) and their gene expressions in human endometrium during the natural menstrual cycle. We recruited 41 endometrial samples from reproductive-aged women with leiomyoma and undergoing hysterectomy and 11 endometrial samples from menopausal women as controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong MECA-79 expression from the early through the mid-secretory phase and low expression in menopausal endometrium. Five peptide components of LSL were detected in reproductive and menopausal endometrium by one-step quantitative RT-PCR: podocalyxin, endomucin, nepmucin, GlyCAM-1, and CD34. Endomucin differed significantly between the proliferative and early-secretory phases. CHST2 and CHST4 genes (which are involved in the generation of LSL epitopes) were expressed without significant differences among phases. The gene expression of progesterone receptor decreased from the proliferative to the late-secretory phase, and the difference was significant. However, estrogen receptor α expression showed stability among phases. The significant expression of endomucin between the proliferative and early-secretory phases might play a vital role in endometrial receptivity. Further studies are needed to investigate the factors that regulate the expression of endomucin and other LSL peptide components in different phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, 10693, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Wei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Lin
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, 22174, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, 22174, Taiwan.
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20
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Feigelson SW, Solomon A, Biram A, Hatzav M, Lichtenstein M, Regev O, Kozlovski S, Varol D, Curato C, Leshkowitz D, Jung S, Shulman Z, Alon R. ICAMs Are Not Obligatory for Functional Immune Synapses between Naive CD4 T Cells and Lymph Node DCs. Cell Rep 2018; 22:849-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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21
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Williams PA, Braine CE, Foxworth NE, Cochran KE, John SWM. GlyCAM1 negatively regulates monocyte entry into the optic nerve head and contributes to radiation-based protection in glaucoma. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:93. [PMID: 28446179 PMCID: PMC5406973 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported a profound long-term neuroprotection subsequent to a single radiation-therapy in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. This neuroprotection prevents entry of monocyte-like immune cells into the optic nerve head during glaucoma. Gene expression studies in radiation-treated mice implicated Glycam1 in this protection. Glycam1 encodes a proteoglycan ligand for L-selectin and is an excellent candidate to modulate immune cell entry into the eye. Here, we experimentally test the hypothesis that radiation-induced over-expression of Glycam1 is a key component of the neuroprotection. METHODS We generated a null allele of Glycam1 on a DBA/2J background. Gene and protein expression of Glycam1, monocyte entry into the optic nerve head, retinal ganglion cell death, and axon loss in the optic nerve were assessed. RESULTS Radiation therapy potently inhibits monocyte entry into the optic nerve head and prevents retinal ganglion cell death and axon loss. DBA/2J mice carrying a null allele of Glycam1 show increased monocyte entry and increased retinal ganglion cell death and axon loss following radiation therapy, but the majority of optic nerves were still protected by radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Although GlyCAM1 is an L-selectin ligand, its roles in immunity are not yet fully defined. The current study demonstrates a partial role for GlyCAM1 in radiation-mediated protection. Furthermore, our results clearly show that GlyCAM1 levels modulate immune cell entry from the vasculature into neural tissues. As Glycam1 deficiency has a more profound effect on cell entry than on neurodegeneration, further experiments are needed to precisely define the role of monocyte entry in DBA/2J glaucoma. Nevertheless, GlyCAM1's function as a negative regulator of extravasation may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for an array of common conditions involving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon W. M. John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, ME USA
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22
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Hoshino H, Ohta M, Ito M, Uchimura K, Sakai Y, Uehara T, Low S, Fukushima M, Kobayashi M. Apical membrane expression of distinct sulfated glycans represents a novel marker of cholangiolocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1246-1255. [PMID: 27748735 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver neoplasm, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma. ICC can be further subclassified as (i) perihilar and (ii) peripheral types, the latter histologically resembling small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts, such as interlobular bile ducts, cholangioles/ductules and the canals of Hering. Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC), now classified by the World Health Organization as a subtype of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, is currently regarded as a subtype of peripheral-type ICC. The present study was undertaken to determine whether sulfated glycans recognized by the MECA-79 monoclonal antibody could serve as a CoCC marker. Using immunohistochemistry, we show that MECA-79 sulfated glycans are preferentially expressed at the apical membrane of cholangiocytes found in small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts in normal liver and in canalicular structures formed in CoCC. We also report that apical membrane MECA-79 sulfated glycan expression colocalizes with that of mucin 1 (MUC1) core proteins. We also present immunoblotting of Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing FLAG-tagged MUC1 to show that MUC1 serves as a MECA-79 scaffold. Furthermore, we report that SSP-25 human ICC cells overexpressing N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (GlcNAc6ST-2), but not GlcNAc6ST-1, exhibit membrane expression of MECA-79 sulfated glycans, suggesting that GlcNAc6ST-2 catalyzes MECA-79 epitope biosynthesis in cholangiocytes. Moreover, both wild-type and GlcNAc6ST-1 knockout mice exhibit apical membrane MECA-79 expression in small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts, namely interlobular bile ducts, whereas MECA-79 expression was completely absent in comparable tissues from GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 double knockout mice. These data collectively indicate that apical membrane localization of MUC1 proteins decorated with GlcNAc6ST-2-dependent MECA-79 sulfated glycans may mark cholangiocytes with cholangiolar/ductular differentiation and could serve as a useful CoCC marker.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface/chemistry
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/biosynthesis
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Cell Polarity
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Mice, Knockout
- Mucin-1/genetics
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/biosynthesis
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sulfotransferases/genetics
- Sulfotransferases/metabolism
- Sulfuric Acid Esters/metabolism
- Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Department of Pathology, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shulin Low
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Mana Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
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23
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Quispel WT, Steenwijk EC, van Unen V, Santos SJ, Koens L, Mebius R, Egeler RM, van Halteren AGS. Tertiary lymphoid structures are confined to patients presenting with unifocal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1164364. [PMID: 27622056 PMCID: PMC5007962 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1164364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic myeloid disorder with a thus far poorly understood immune component. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymph node-like entities which create an immune-promoting microenvironment at tumor sites. We analyzed the presence and clinical relevance of TLS in n = 104 H&E-stained, therapy-naive LCH lesions of non-lymphoid origin and applied immunohistochemistry to a smaller series. Lymphoid-follicular aggregates were detected in 34/104 (33%) lesions. In line with the lymphocyte recruitment capacity of MECA-79(+) high endothelial venules (HEVs), MECA-79(+)-expressing-LCH lesions (37/77, 48%) contained the most CD3(+) T-lymphocytes (p = 0.003). TLS were identified in 8/15 lesions and contained T-and B-lymphocytes, Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC), HEVs and the chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21 representing key cellular components and TLS-inducing factors in conventional lymph nodes (LN). Lymphoid-follicular aggregates were most frequently detected in patients presenting with unifocal LCH (24/70, 34%) as compared to patients with poly-ostotic or multi-system LCH (7/30, 23%, p = 0.03). In addition, patients with lymphoid-follicular aggregates-containing lesions had the lowest risk to develop new LCH lesions (p = 0.04). The identification of various stages of TLS formation within LCH lesions may indicate a key role for the immune system in controlling aberrant histiocytes which arise in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn T Quispel
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eline C Steenwijk
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susy J Santos
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Koens
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Reina Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Maarten Egeler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Toronto/Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Canada
| | - Astrid G S van Halteren
- Immunology Laboratory, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Weinstein AM, Storkus WJ. Biosynthesis and Functional Significance of Peripheral Node Addressin in Cancer-Associated TLO. Front Immunol 2016; 7:301. [PMID: 27555845 PMCID: PMC4977569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral node addressin (PNAd) marks high endothelial venules (HEV), which are crucial for the recruitment of lymphocytes into lymphoid organs in non-mucosal tissue sites. PNAd is a sulfated and fucosylated glycoprotein recognized by the prototypic monoclonal antibody, MECA-79. PNAd is the ligand for L-selectin, which is expressed on the surface of naive and central memory T cells, where it mediates leukocyte rolling on vascular endothelial surfaces. Although PNAd was first identified in the HEV of peripheral lymph nodes, recent work suggests a critical role for PNAd in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases, where it can be used as a marker for the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). TLO form in tissues impacted by sustained inflammation, such as the tumor microenvironment where they function as local sites of adaptive immune cell priming. This allows for specific B- and T-cell responses to be initiated or reactivated in inflamed tissues without dependency on secondary lymphoid organs. Recent studies of cancer in mice and humans have identified PNAd as a biomarker of improved disease prognosis. Blockade of PNAd or its ligand, L-selectin, can abrogate protective antitumor immunity in murine models. This review examines pathways regulating PNAd biosynthesis by the endothelial cells integral to HEV and the formation and maintenance of lymphoid structures throughout the body, particularly in the setting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah M Weinstein
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Tasev D, Konijnenberg LSF, Amado-Azevedo J, van Wijhe MH, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. CD34 expression modulates tube-forming capacity and barrier properties of peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Angiogenesis 2016; 19:325-38. [PMID: 27043316 PMCID: PMC4930476 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are grown from circulating CD34+ progenitors present in adult peripheral blood, but during in vitro expansion part of the cells lose CD34. To evaluate whether the regulation of CD34 characterizes the angiogenic phenotypical features of PB-ECFCs, we investigated the properties of CD34+ and CD34− ECFCs with respect to their ability to form capillary-like tubes in 3D fibrin matrices, tip-cell gene expression, and barrier integrity. Selection of CD34+ and CD34− ECFCs from subcultured ECFCs was accomplished by magnetic sorting (FACS: CD34+: 95 % pos; CD34−: 99 % neg). Both fractions proliferated at same rate, while CD34+ ECFCs exhibited higher tube-forming capacity and tip-cell gene expression than CD34− cells. However, during cell culture CD34− cells re-expressed CD34. Cell-seeding density, cell–cell contact formation, and serum supplements modulated CD34 expression. CD34 expression in ECFCs was strongly suppressed by newborn calf serum. Stimulation with FGF-2, VEGF, or HGF prepared in medium supplemented with 3 % albumin did not change CD34 mRNA or surface expression. Silencing of CD34 with siRNA resulted in strengthening of cell–cell contacts and increased barrier function of ECFC monolayers as measured by ECIS. Furthermore, CD34 siRNA reduced tube formation by ECFC, but did not affect tip-cell gene expression. These findings demonstrate that CD34+ and CD34− cells are different phenotypes of similar cells and that CD34 (1) can be regulated in ECFC; (2) is positively involved in capillary-like sprout formation; (3) is associated but not causally related to tip-cell gene expression; and (4) can affect endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tasev
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,A-Skin Nederland BV, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lara S F Konijnenberg
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H van Wijhe
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Askew D, Su CA, Barkauskas DS, Dorand RD, Myers J, Liou R, Nthale J, Huang AY. Transient Surface CCR5 Expression by Naive CD8+ T Cells within Inflamed Lymph Nodes Is Dependent on High Endothelial Venule Interaction and Augments Th Cell-Dependent Memory Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3653-64. [PMID: 26994221 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In inflamed lymph nodes, Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells encounter Ag-bearing dendritic cells and, together, this complex enhances the release of CCL3 and CCL4, which facilitate additional interaction with naive CD8(+) T cells. Although blocking CCL3 and CCL4 has no effect on primary CD8(+) T cell responses, it dramatically impairs the development of memory CD8(+) T cells upon Ag rechallenge. Despite the absence of detectable surface CCR5 expression on circulating native CD8(+) T cells, these data imply that naive CD8(+) T cells are capable of expressing surface CCR5 prior to cognate Ag-induced TCR signaling in inflamed lymph nodes; however, the molecular mechanisms have not been characterized to date. In this study, we show that CCR5, the receptor for CCL3 and CCL4, can be transiently upregulated on a subset of naive CD8(+) T cells and that this upregulation is dependent on direct contact with the high endothelial venule in inflamed lymph node. Binding of CD62L and CD11a on T cells to their ligands CD34 and CD54 on the high endothelial venule can be enhanced during inflammation. This enhanced binding and subsequent signaling promote the translocation of CCR5 molecules from intracellular vesicles to the surface of the CD8(+) T cell. The upregulation of CCR5 on the surface of the CD8(+) T cells increases the number of contacts with Ag-bearing dendritic cells, which ultimately results in increased CD8(+) T cell response to Ag rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Askew
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106;
| | - Charles A Su
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland OH 44195; and
| | - Deborah S Barkauskas
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - R Dixon Dorand
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rachel Liou
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Joseph Nthale
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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27
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Shafaghat F, Abbasi-Kenarsari H, Majidi J, Movassaghpour AA, Shanehbandi D, Kazemi T. Preparation of Proper Immunogen by Cloning and Stable Expression of cDNA coding for Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Marker CD34 in NIH-3T3 Mouse Fibroblast Cell Line. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:69-75. [PMID: 25789221 PMCID: PMC4352225 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2015.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transmembrane CD34 glycoprotein is the most important marker for identification, isolation and enumeration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We aimed in this study to clone the cDNA coding for human CD34 from KG1a cell line and stably express in mouse fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3. Such artificial cell line could be useful as proper immunogen for production of mouse monoclonal antibodies. METHODS CD34 cDNA was cloned from KG1a cell line after total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Pfu DNA polymerase-amplified specific band was ligated to pGEMT-easy TA-cloning vector and sub-cloned in pCMV6-Neo expression vector. After transfection of NIH-3T3 cells using 3 μg of recombinant construct and 6 μl of JetPEI transfection reagent, stable expression was obtained by selection of cells by G418 antibiotic and confirmed by surface flow cytometry. RESULTS 1158 bp specific band was aligned completely to reference sequence in NCBI database corresponding to long isoform of human CD34. Transient and stable expression of human CD34 on transfected NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was achieved (25% and 95%, respectively) as shown by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Cloning and stable expression of human CD34 cDNA was successfully performed and validated by standard flow cytometric analysis. Due to murine origin of NIH-3T3 cell line, CD34-expressing NIH-3T3 cells could be useful as immunogen in production of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies against human CD34. This approach could bypass the need for purification of recombinant proteins produced in eukaryotic expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shafaghat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, International Branch of Aras, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Abbasi-Kenarsari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Kudelka MR, Ju T, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Simple sugars to complex disease--mucin-type O-glycans in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 126:53-135. [PMID: 25727146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans are a class of glycans initiated with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) α-linked primarily to Ser/Thr residues within glycoproteins and often extended or branched by sugars or saccharides. Most secretory and membrane-bound proteins receive this modification, which is important in regulating many biological processes. Alterations in mucin-type O-glycans have been described across tumor types and include expression of relatively small-sized, truncated O-glycans and altered terminal structures, both of which are associated with patient prognosis. New discoveries in the identity and expression of tumor-associated O-glycans are providing new avenues for tumor detection and treatment. This chapter describes mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, altered mucin-type O-glycans in primary tumors, including mechanisms for structural changes and contributions to the tumor phenotype, and clinical approaches to detect and target altered O-glycans for cancer treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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29
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Hautz T, Zelger BG, Nasr IW, Mundinger GS, Barth RN, Rodriguez ED, Brandacher G, Weissenbacher A, Zelger B, Cavadas P, Margreiter R, Lee WPA, Pratschke J, Lakkis FG, Schneeberger S. Lymphoid neogenesis in skin of human hand, nonhuman primate, and rat vascularized composite allografts. Transpl Int 2014; 27:966-76. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hautz
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Bettina G. Zelger
- Department of Pathology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Isam W. Nasr
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Gerhard S. Mundinger
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center; University of Maryland; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Rolf N. Barth
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Eduardo D. Rodriguez
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center; University of Maryland; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Plastic Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Annemarie Weissenbacher
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Bernhard Zelger
- Department of Dermatology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Raimund Margreiter
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - W. P. Andrew Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Fadi G. Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
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Abstract
MECA-79 antigen is a sulfated mucin type core-1 extended O-glycan which is a potential anti-inflammatory agent. Herein we report a total synthesis of MECA-79 via a convergent [2 + 2] glycosylation routethrough the intermediacy of Tn and TF antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhu Emmadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
- Mumbai, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
- Mumbai, India
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Liao S, Padera TP. Lymphatic function and immune regulation in health and disease. Lymphat Res Biol 2013; 11:136-43. [PMID: 24024577 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liao
- E. L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Nejatbakhsh R, Kabir-Salmani M, Dimitriadis E, Hosseini A, Taheripanah R, Sadeghi Y, Akimoto Y, Iwashita M. Subcellular localization of L-selectin ligand in the endometrium implies a novel function for pinopodes in endometrial receptivity. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:46. [PMID: 22703988 PMCID: PMC3443035 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apical surfaces of human endometrial epithelium and endothelium are key elements for the initiation of molecular interactions to capture the blastocyst or leukocyte, respectively. The L-selectin adhesion system has been strongly proposed to play an important role in the initial steps of trophoblast adhesion and promotion of integrin-dependent processes, ultimately culminating in the establishment of the embryo-maternal interface. On the basis of these facts, we hypothesized a novel role for pinopodes as the first embryo-fetal contact sites to contain the highest subcellular expression of L-selectin ligand suggesting its role in early adhesion as predicted. Thus, the objective of this study was therefore to determine the subcellular pattern of distribution of the L-selectin ligand (MECA-79) in human endometrial apical membrane region during the window of implantation. METHODS Endometrial biopsies of secretory phases from fertile females ranging in age between 25 and 42 years were studied using several approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunostaining for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunoblotting as well as statistical analysis of the area-related numerical densities of immunoreactive MECA-79-bound nanogolds to detect the expression pattern and the subcellular distribution pattern of L-selectin ligand (MECA-79) in human endometrium during the window of implantation. RESULTS The endometrial biopsies were scored according the dating criteria of Noyes et al. by an experienced histologist. The SEM images of the midluteal phase specimens revealed that fully developed pinopodes were abundant in our samples. HRP-immunostaining and immunofluorescent staining as well as immunoblotting revealed that MECA-79 was expressed in the midluteal phase specimens. The results of immunogold TEM illustrated the expression of MECA-79 in human pinopodes in the midluteal phase and a higher area-relate numerical density in pinopodes compared to that of the uterodome-free areas. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of the subcellular localization of MECA-79 in the human pinopodes which may indicate a novel role for pinopodes to be capable of shear-stress-dependent tethering-type adhesion in the initial phases of human embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nejatbakhsh
- Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kabir-Salmani
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical School of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical School of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robabeh Taheripanah
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Iwashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Radhakrishnan P, Chachadi V, Lin MF, Singh R, Varki A, Kannagi R, Cheng PW. TNFα enhances the motility and invasiveness of prostatic cancer cells by stimulating the expression of selective glycosyl- and sulfotransferase genes involved in the synthesis of selectin ligands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:436-41. [PMID: 21596021 PMCID: PMC4011552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) plays an important role in cancer metastasis. But, the mechanism for its production in metastatic cancers remains unclear. The objective of current study was to examine the effects of a proinflammatory cytokine on the expression of glycosyltransferase and sulfotransferase genes involved in the synthesis of selectin ligands in a prostate cancer cell line. Androgen-independent human lymph node-derived metastatic prostate cancer cells (C-81 LNCaP), which express functional androgen receptor and mimic the castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer, were used. TNFα treatment of these cells increased their binding to P-, E- and L-selectins, anti-sLe(x) antibody, and anti-6-sulfo-sialyl Lewis x antibody by 12%, 240%, 43%, 248% and 21%, respectively. Also, the expression of C2GnT-1, B4GalT1, GlcNAc6ST3, and ST3Gal3 genes was significantly upregulated. Further treatment of TNFα-treated cells with either anti-sLe(x) antibody or E-selectin significantly suppressed their in vitro migration (81% and 52%, respectively) and invasion (45% and 56%, respectively). Our data indicate that TNFα treatment enhances the motility and invasion properties of LNCaP C-81 cells by increasing the formation of selectin ligands through stimulation of the expression of selective glycosyl- and sulfotransferase genes. These results support the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Vishwanath Chachadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Eppley Cancer Center for Research in Cancer and Allied diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Eppley Cancer Center for Research in Cancer and Allied diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ajit Varki
- University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Eppley Cancer Center for Research in Cancer and Allied diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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35
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Hirakawa J, Tsuboi K, Sato K, Kobayashi M, Watanabe S, Takakura A, Imai Y, Ito Y, Fukuda M, Kawashima H. Novel anti-carbohydrate antibodies reveal the cooperative function of sulfated N- and O-glycans in lymphocyte homing. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40864-78. [PMID: 20929857 PMCID: PMC3003387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.167296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycans play pivotal roles in immune cell trafficking and immunity. Here we present an efficient method for generating anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using gene-targeted mice and describe critical glycans in lymphocyte homing. We immunized sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 doubly deficient mice with sulfotransferase-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary cells and generated two mAbs, termed S1 and S2. Both S1 and S2 bound high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the lymphoid organs of humans and wild-type mice, but not in those of doubly deficient mice. Glycan array analysis indicated that both S1 and S2 specifically bound 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X and its defucosylated structure. Interestingly, S2 inhibited lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes by 95%, whereas S1 inhibited it by only 25%. S2 also significantly inhibited contact hypersensitivity responses and L-selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion to HEVs. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that S1 preferentially bound sulfated O-glycans, whereas S2 bound both sulfated N- and O-glycans in HEVs. Furthermore, S2 strongly inhibited the N-glycan-dependent residual lymphocyte homing in mutant mice lacking sulfated O-glycans, indicating the importance of both sulfated N- and O-glycans in lymphocyte homing. Thus, the two mAbs generated by a novel method revealed the cooperative function of sulfated N- and O-glycans in lymphocyte homing and immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotaro Hirakawa
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuboi
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- the Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Sota Watanabe
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takakura
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Imai
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- the Glycobiology Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- the Glycobiology Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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36
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Arata-Kawai H, Singer MS, Bistrup A, Zante AV, Wang YQ, Ito Y, Bao X, Hemmerich S, Fukuda M, Rosen SD. Functional contributions of N- and O-glycans to L-selectin ligands in murine and human lymphoid organs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 178:423-33. [PMID: 21224079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
L-selectin initiates lymphocyte interactions with high endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymphoid organs through binding to ligands with specific glycosylation modifications. 6-Sulfo sLe(x), a sulfated carbohydrate determinant for L-selectin, is carried on core 2 and extended core 1 O-glycans of HEV-expressed glycoproteins. The MECA-79 monoclonal antibody recognizes sulfated extended core 1 O-glycans and partially blocks lymphocyte-HEV interactions in lymphoid organs. Recent evidence has identified the contribution of 6-sulfo sLe(x) carried on N-glycans to lymphocyte homing in mice. Here, we characterize CL40, a novel IgG monoclonal antibody. CL40 equaled or surpassed MECA-79 as a histochemical staining reagent for HEVs and HEV-like vessels in mouse and human. Using synthetic carbohydrates, we found that CL40 bound to 6-sulfo sLe(x) structures, on both core 2 and extended core 1 structures, with an absolute dependency on 6-O-sulfation. Using transfected CHO cells and gene-targeted mice, we observed that CL40 bound its epitope on both N-glycans and O-glycans. Consistent with its broader glycan-binding, CL40 was superior to MECA-79 in blocking lymphocyte-HEV interactions in both wild-type mice and mice deficient in forming O-glycans. This superiority was more marked in human, as CL40 completely blocked lymphocyte binding to tonsillar HEVs, whereas MECA-79 inhibited only 60%. These findings extend the evidence for the importance of N-glycans in lymphocyte homing in mouse and indicate that this dependency also applies to human lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanayo Arata-Kawai
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
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Chang J, Patton JT, Sarkar A, Ernst B, Magnani JL, Frenette PS. GMI-1070, a novel pan-selectin antagonist, reverses acute vascular occlusions in sickle cell mice. Blood 2010; 116:1779-86. [PMID: 20508165 PMCID: PMC2947397 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-260513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion in the microvasculature influences blood rheology and plays a key role in vaso-occlusive manifestations of sickle cell disease. Notably, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) can capture circulating sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) in inflamed venules, leading to critical reduction in blood flow and vaso-occlusion. Recent studies have suggested that E-selectin expression by endothelial cells plays a key role by sending activating signals that lead to the activation of Mac-1 at the leading edge of PMNs, thereby allowing RBC capture. Thus, the inhibition of E-selectin may represent a valuable target in this disease. Here, we have tested the biologic properties of a novel synthetic pan-selectin inhibitor, GMI-1070, with in vitro assays and in a humanized model of sickle cell vaso-occlusion analyzed by intravital microscopy. We have found that GMI-1070 predominantly inhibited E-selectin-mediated adhesion and dramatically inhibited sRBC-leukocyte interactions, leading to improved microcirculatory blood flow and improved survival. These results suggest that GMI-1070 may represent a valuable novel therapeutic intervention for acute sickle cell crises that should be further evaluated in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungshan Chang
- Departments of Medicine and Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Wijesurendra RS, Jefferson A, Choudhury RP. Target: ligand interactions of the vascular endothelium. Implications for molecular imaging in inflammation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:467-82. [PMID: 20830411 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging refers to the non-invasive visualisation of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels within a living organism, and offers a wide range of potential benefits to both clinical medicine and research into novel therapeutic agents. Inflammation plays an important role in a wide variety of pathological processes and imaging the molecular and cellular machinery that underlies chronic inflammation is attractive and feasible. In this review, we present an overview of molecular imaging of inflammation. We start by characterising molecular and cellular events in early inflammation, identifying current and potential future imaging targets. We focus on the imaging of endothelial cells, which mediate the important first steps in inflammation in any tissue, are readily accessible to imaging probes and which present an approach that can be applied across multiple modalities. We then review the generic requirements for imaging contrast agents and focus on the important considerations in respect of ligands, ligand-target interactions and contrast vehicles. We aim to provide an integrated view of current progress with a focus on promising recent developments in experimental and translational molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Wijesurendra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
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39
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Leppänen A, Parviainen V, Ahola-Iivarinen E, Kalkkinen N, Cummings RD. Human L-selectin preferentially binds synthetic glycosulfopeptides modeled after endoglycan and containing tyrosine sulfate residues and sialyl Lewis x in core 2 O-glycans. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1170-85. [PMID: 20507883 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglycan is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed by endothelial cells and some leukocytes and is recognized by L-selectin, a C-type lectin important in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation during inflammation. Here, we show that recombinant L-selectin and human T lymphocytes expressing L-selectin bind to synthetic glycosulfopeptides (GSPs). These synthetic glycosulfopeptides contain 37 amino acid residues modeled after the N-terminus of human endoglycan and contain one or two tyrosine sulfates (TyrSO(3)) along with a nearby core-2-based Thr-linked O-glycan with sialyl Lewis x (C2-SLe(x)). TyrSO(3) at position Y118 was more critical for binding than at Y97. C2-SLe(x) at T124 was required for L-selectin recognition. Interestingly, under similar conditions, neither L-selectin nor T lymphocytes showed appreciable binding to the sulfated carbohydrate epitope 6-sulfo-SLe(x). P-selectin also bound to endoglycan-based GSPs but with lower affinity than toward GSPs modeled after PSGL-1, the physiological ligand for P- and L-selectin that is expressed on leukocytes. These results demonstrate that TyrSO(3) residues in association with a C2-SLe(x) moiety within endoglycan and PSGL-1 are preferentially recognized by L-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leppänen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Ebbens FA, Toppila-Salmi SK, Renkonen JA, Renkonen RLO, Mullol J, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ. Endothelial L-selectin ligand expression in nasal polyps. Allergy 2010; 65:95-102. [PMID: 20078503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-selectins on leukocytes and their counter-receptors on endothelial cells have been shown to be involved in leukocyte recruitment in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (NP). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression level of functionally active endothelial L-selectin ligands in NP obtained from patients with NP of different etiology [simple NP, antro-choanal polyps (ACP) and cystic fibrosis (CF) NP] and inferior turbinate specimens of healthy controls and to compare these levels to the presence of various leukocyte subsets. METHODS Nasal polyp specimens and healthy nasal mucosa specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgery and were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies detecting CD34, sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) of sulfated extended core 1 lactosamines and various leukocyte subsets. RESULTS All NP are characterized by a decrease in the number of CD34+ vessels. The number of eosinophils and the percentage of vessels expressing endothelial sulfated sLe(x) epitopes is upregulated in all groups of simple NP. Tissue eosinophilia is increased in those patients with increased disease severity (acetyl salicylic acid intolerance), but the percentage of endothelial sulfated sLe(x) epitopes is not. Results on CF NP are similar to those observed for simple NP. Antro-choanal polyps, on the contrary, are characterized by low numbers of tissue eosinophils and relatively few vessels expressing endothelial sulfated sLe(x) epitopes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that functionally active L-selectin ligands might play a role in guiding leukocyte traffic into NP in patients with simple NP and CF NP but not ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenna A Ebbens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Drake PM, Cho W, Li B, Prakobphol A, Johansen E, Anderson NL, Regnier FE, Gibson BW, Fisher SJ. Sweetening the pot: adding glycosylation to the biomarker discovery equation. Clin Chem 2009; 56:223-36. [PMID: 19959616 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.136333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has profound effects on gene expression, including a cell's glycosylation machinery. Thus, tumors produce glycoproteins that carry oligosaccharides with structures that are markedly different from the same protein produced by a normal cell. A single protein can have many glycosylation sites that greatly amplify the signals they generate compared with their protein backbones. CONTENT In this article, we survey clinical tests that target carbohydrate modifications for diagnosing and treating cancer. We present the biological relevance of glycosylation to disease progression by highlighting the role these structures play in adhesion, signaling, and metastasis and then address current methodological approaches to biomarker discovery that capitalize on selectively capturing tumor-associated glycoforms to enrich and identify disease-related candidate analytes. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies--multiple reaction monitoring and lectin-antibody arrays--as potential tools for biomarker validation studies in pursuit of clinically useful tests. SUMMARY The future of carbohydrate-based biomarker studies has arrived. At all stages, from discovery through verification and deployment into clinics, glycosylation should be considered a primary readout or a way of increasing the sensitivity and specificity of protein-based analyses.
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Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Lewis PD, Hopkins L, Davies C, Conlan RS, Joels L, White JO. L-selectin ligands in human endometrium: comparison of fertile and infertile subjects. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2767-77. [PMID: 19625313 PMCID: PMC2763128 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-selectin ligands, localized to the luminal epithelium at the time of implantation, may support the early stages of blastocyst attachment. We have assessed the expression of two L-selectin ligands, defined by MECA-79 and HECA-452 monoclonal antibodies, and the sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST-2, involved in generation of L-selectin ligand epitopes, in the secretory phase of the endometrium from fertile and infertile patients. METHODS Endometrial samples were obtained from 33 fertile, 26 PCOS, 25 endometriosis and 33 patients diagnosed with unexplained infertility. L-selectin ligands and GlcNAc6ST-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining of uterine epithelium, from fertile and infertile women, demonstrated differential expression of MECA-79 and HECA-452 epitopes. In fertile women in the secretory phase MECA-79 was more strongly expressed, particularly on the lumen, than in infertile women. HECA-452 staining was significantly stronger in the glands in PCOS and endometriosis patients than in fertile women. GlcNAc6ST-2 expression was reduced in infertile patients, correlating with MECA-79 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated significant differences in expression of L-selectin ligands between fertile and infertile women in natural cycles, and could contribute to patient assessment prior to initiating fertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Margarit
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
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43
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Myller JP, Toppila-Salmi SK, Toppila EM, Torkkeli TVM, Numminen JEA, Renkonen RLO, Rautiainen MEP. Mucosal eosinophils and l-selectin ligands are associated with invasive and noninvasive sinus surgery outcomes. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2009; 23:21-7. [PMID: 19379607 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosa with numerous emigrated leukocytes. L-Selectin on leukocytes and its endothelial glycosylated ligands initiate leukocyte infiltration into inflamed tissues. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the major approach for restoring sinus physiology after failure of conservative therapy; however, the effect of enlarging the maxillary sinus ostium is still unknown. Here, we compared two histological markers of local inflammation, the number of mucosal eosinophils, and the expression of endothelial L-selectin ligands, with clinical outcomes after enlarging or saving the maxillary sinus ostium. METHODS Twenty-three patients with CRS underwent uncinectomy on one side and additional middle meatal antrostomy on the other side. Maxillary sinus mucosa biopsy specimens from these patients and nine healthy subjects were taken for immunohistochemical evaluations of the number of mucosal eosinophils and endothelial L-Selectin ligands. Also, symptoms and mucociliary clearance were measured. RESULTS The postoperative reduction of the endothelial L-Selectin ligands was independent of the operation technique. There was a correlation between postoperative number of mucosal eosinophils and symptom score, which was also independent of the surgical technique. The postoperative decrease of mucosal eosinophils, as well as the correlation of the intraoperative eosinophils with the postoperative symptom score, was found only on antrostomy side. CONCLUSION ESS decreases the expression of endothelial L-Selectin ligands, which might lead to decreased eosinophil traffic into maxillary sinus mucosa, putatively more when enlarging the maxillary sinus ostium. Both intra- and postoperative low number of eosinophils seem to be indicators of good subjective recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyri P Myller
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Zhang N, Schröppel B, Lal G, Jakubzick C, Mao X, Chen D, Yin N, Jessberger R, Ochando JC, Ding Y, Bromberg JS. Regulatory T cells sequentially migrate from inflamed tissues to draining lymph nodes to suppress the alloimmune response. Immunity 2009; 30:458-69. [PMID: 19303390 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the site and mechanism of suppression by regulatory T (Treg) cells, we investigated their migration and function in an islet allograft model. Treg cells first migrated from blood to the inflamed allograft where they were essential for the suppression of alloimmunity. This process was dependent on the chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR4, and CCR5 and P- and E-selectin ligands. In the allograft, Treg cells were activated and subsequently migrated to the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) in a CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7 fashion; this movement was essential for optimal suppression. Treg cells inhibited dendritic cell migration in a TGF-beta and IL-10 dependent fashion and suppressed antigen-specific T effector cell migration, accumulation, and proliferation in dLNs and allografts. These results showed that sequential migration from blood to the target tissue and to dLNs is required for Treg cells to differentiate and execute fully their suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Glycoforms of human endothelial CD34 that bind L-selectin carry sulfated sialyl Lewis x capped O- and N-glycans. Blood 2009; 114:733-41. [PMID: 19359410 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-210237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial sialomucin CD34 functions as an L-selectin ligand mediating lymphocyte extravasation only when properly glycosylated to express a sulfated carbohydrate epitope, 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo SLe(x)). It is thought that multivalent 6-sulfo SLe(x) expression promotes high-affinity binding to L-selectin by enhancing avidity. However, the reported low amount of 6-sulfo SLe(x) in total human CD34 is inconsistent with this model and prompted us to re-evaluate CD34 glycosylation. We separated CD34 into 2 glycoforms, the L-selectin-binding and nonbinding glycoforms, L-B-CD34 and L-NB-CD34, respectively, and analyzed released O- and N-glycans from both forms. L-B-CD34 is relatively minor compared with L-NB-CD34 and represented less than 10% of total tonsillar CD34. MECA-79, a mAb to sulfated core-1 O-glycans, bound exclusively to L-B-CD34 and this form contained all sulfated and fucosylated O-glycans. 6-Sulfo SLe(x) epitopes occur on core-2 and extended core-1 O-glycans with approximately 20% of total L-B-CD34 O-glycans expressing 6-sulfo SLe(x). N-glycans containing potential 6-sulfo SLe(x) epitopes were also present in L-B-CD34, but their removal did not abolish binding to L-selectin. Thus, a minor glycoform of CD34 carries relatively abundant 6-sulfo SLe(x) epitopes on O-glycans that are important for its recognition by L-selectin.
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Radhakrishnan P, Lin MF, Cheng PW. Elevated expression of L-selectin ligand in lymph node-derived human prostate cancer cells correlates with increased tumorigenicity. Glycoconj J 2009; 26:75-81. [PMID: 18670876 PMCID: PMC2775476 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human prostate cancer LNCaP cells including C-33 and C-81 cells were originally derived from the lymph nodes of a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. These two cells were employed for characterization of L-selectin ligand and in vitro tumorigenicity, because they mimic the clinical conditions of early and late-stage human prostate cancer. C-81 cells exhibit higher in vitro migratory and invasive properties as compared with C-33 cells. We find that the L-selectin ligand and mucin glycan-associated MECA-79 epitope were elevated in C-81 cells. An increase of these glycotopes positively correlates with elevated tumorigenicity and expression of key glycosyl- and sulfotransferase genes. These results suggest that modulated expression of selective glycogenes correlates with altered tumorigenicity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870, Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870, Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870, Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA, , Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Strell C, Entschladen F. Extravasation of leukocytes in comparison to tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2008; 6:10. [PMID: 19055814 PMCID: PMC2627905 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-6-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-step process of the emigration of cells from the blood stream through the vascular endothelium into the tissue has been termed extravasation. The extravasation of leukocytes is fairly well characterized down to the molecular level, and has been reviewed in several aspects. Comparatively little is known about the extravasation of tumor cells, which is part of the hematogenic metastasis formation. Although the steps of the process are basically the same in leukocytes and tumor cells, i.e. rolling, adhesion, transmigration (diapedesis), the molecules that are involved are different. A further important difference is that leukocyte interaction with the endothelium changes the endothelial integrity only temporarily, whereas tumor cell interaction leads to an irreversible damage of the endothelial architecture. Moreover, tumor cells utilize leukocytes for their extravasation as linkers to the endothelium. Thus, metastasis formation is indirectly susceptible to localization signals that are literally specific for the immune system. We herein compare the extravasation of leukocytes and tumor cells with regard to the involved receptors and the localization signals that direct the cells to certain organs and sites of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strell
- Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str, 10, 58448 Witten, Germany.
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Rivera-Nieves J, Gorfu G, Ley K. Leukocyte adhesion molecules in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1715-35. [PMID: 18523998 PMCID: PMC2733908 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulated recruitment of leukocytes into the intestine is required for the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several families of molecules regulate the influx of these cells into sites of inflammation. Interference with some of these molecules has already shown efficacy in the clinics and antibodies that target the molecules involved have been approved by the FDA for use in Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (i.e., natalizumab), and psoriasis (i.e., efalizumab). Here, we discuss basic aspects of the different families of relevant molecules and compile a large body of preclinical studies that supported the targeting of specific steps of the leukocyte adhesion cascade for therapeutic purposes in colitis and in novel models of CD-like ileitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Rivera-Nieves
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver Colorado 80206,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Jesus Rivera-Nieves, Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Biochemistry Research Building Room 742A, 4200 E. 9th Ave SE, B146, Denver, CO 80206, e-mail address:
| | - Gezahegn Gorfu
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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IL-6 and IL-8 increase the expression of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated and/or sulfated Lewisx epitopes in the human bronchial mucosa. Biochem J 2008; 410:213-23. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bronchial mucins from patients suffering from CF (cystic fibrosis) exhibit glycosylation alterations, especially increased amounts of the sialyl-Lewisx (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4[Fucα1-3]GlcNAc-R) and 6-sulfo-sialyl-Lewisx (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4[Fucα1-3][SO3H-6]GlcNAc-R) terminal structures. These epitopes are preferential receptors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacteria responsible for the chronicity of airway infection and involved in the morbidity and early death of CF patients. However, these glycosylation changes cannot be directly linked to defects in CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) gene expression since cells that secrete airway mucins express no or very low amounts of the protein. Several studies have shown that inflammation may affect glycosylation and sulfation of various glycoproteins, including mucins. In the present study, we show that incubation of macroscopically healthy fragments of human bronchial mucosa with IL-6 (interleukin-6) or IL-8 results in a significant increase in the expression of α1,3/4-fucosyltransferases [FUT11 (fucosyltransferase 11 gene) and FUT3], α2-6- and α2,3-sialyltransferases [ST3GAL6 (α2,3-sialyltransferase 6 gene) and ST6GAL2 (α2,6-sialyltransferase 2 gene)] and GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases [CHST4 (carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4 gene) and CHST6] mRNA. In parallel, the amounts of sialyl-Lewisx and 6-sulfo-sialyl-Lewisx epitopes at the periphery of high-molecular-mass proteins, including MUC4, were also increased. In conclusion, our results indicate that IL-6 and -8 may contribute to the increased levels of sialyl-Lewisx and 6-sulfo-sialyl-Lewisx epitopes on human airway mucins from patients with CF.
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