1
|
Han Y, Gao H, Gan X, Liu J, Bao C, He C. Roles of IL-11 in the regulation of bone metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1290130. [PMID: 38352248 PMCID: PMC10862480 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1290130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is the basis for maintaining the normal physiological state of bone, and imbalance of bone metabolism can lead to a series of metabolic bone diseases. As a member of the IL-6 family, IL-11 acts primarily through the classical signaling pathway IL-11/Receptors, IL-11 (IL-11R)/Glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The regulatory role of IL-11 in bone metabolism has been found earlier, but mainly focuses on the effects on osteogenesis and osteoclasis. In recent years, more studies have focused on IL-11's roles and related mechanisms in different bone metabolism activities. IL-11 regulates osteoblasts, osteoclasts, BM stromal cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and chondrocytes. It's involved in bone homeostasis, including osteogenesis, osteolysis, bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis, BM adipogenesis, and bone metastasis. This review exams IL-11's role in pathology and bone tissue, the cytokines and pathways that regulate IL-11 expression, and the feedback regulations of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinling Gan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ravalet N, Guermouche H, Hirsch P, Picou F, Foucault A, Gallay N, Martignoles JA, Beaud J, Suner L, Deswarte C, Lachot S, Rault E, Largeaud L, Gissot V, Béné MC, Gyan E, Delhommeau F, Herault O. Modulation of bone marrow and peripheral blood cytokine levels by age and clonal hematopoiesis in healthy individuals. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109730. [PMID: 37562724 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with bone marrow (BM) inflammaging and, in some individuals, with the onset of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential. In this study conducted on 94 strictly healthy volunteers (18 to 80 yo), we measured BM and peripheral blood (PB) plasma levels of 49 hematopoietic and inflammatory cytokines. With aging, 7 cytokines increased in BM (FLT3L, CXCL9, HGF, FGF-2, CCL27, IL-16, IL-18) and 8 decreased (G-CSF, TNF, IL-2, IL-15, IL-17A, CCL7, IL-4, IL-10). In PB, 10 cytokines increased with age (CXCL9, FLT3L, CCL27, CXCL10, HGF, CCL11, IL-16, IL-6, IL-1 beta, CCL2). CH was associated with higher BM levels of MIF and IL-1 beta, lower BM levels of IL-9 and IL-5 and higher PB levels of IL-15, VEGF-A, IL-2, CXCL8, CXCL1 and G-CSF. These reference values provide a useful tool to investigate anomalies related to inflammaging and potentially leading to the onset of age-related myeloid malignancies or inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Ravalet
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Guermouche
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Hirsch
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Picou
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Amélie Foucault
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Alain Martignoles
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jenny Beaud
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Suner
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lachot
- Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rault
- Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Laëtitia Largeaud
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gissot
- INSERM CIC 1415, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Christine Béné
- Nantes University Hospital, Hematology Biology and INSERM CRCI2NA, Nantes, France; FHU GOAL "Grand Ouest Against Leukemia", Angers, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours, France
| | - François Delhommeau
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France; CNRS GDR3697 Micronit "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Tours, France.
| | - Olivier Herault
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France; FHU GOAL "Grand Ouest Against Leukemia", Angers, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France; CNRS GDR3697 Micronit "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Acharya B, Saha D, Armstrong D, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B. FLT3 inhibitors for acute myeloid leukemia: successes, defeats, and emerging paradigms. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:798-816. [PMID: 35923716 PMCID: PMC9298189 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3 mutations are one of the most common genetic aberrations found in nearly 30% of acute myeloid leukemias (AML). The mutations are associated with poor prognosis despite advances in the understanding of the biological mechanisms of AML. Numerous small molecule FLT3 inhibitors have been developed in an effort to combat AML. Even with the development of these inhibitors, the five-year overall survival for newly diagnosed AML is less than 30%. In 2017, midostaurin received FDA approval to treat AML, which was the first approved FLT3 inhibitor in the U.S. and Europe. Following, gilteritinib received FDA approval in 2018 and in 2019 quizartinib received approval in Japan. This review parallels these clinical success stories along with other pre-clinical and clinical investigations of FLT3 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin DS, Tian L, Tomei S, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Baldwin TM, Weber TS, Schreuder J, Stonehouse OJ, Rautela J, Huntington ND, Taoudi S, Ritchie ME, Hodgkin PD, Ng AP, Nutt SL, Naik SH. Single-cell analyses reveal the clonal and molecular aetiology of Flt3L-induced emergency dendritic cell development. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:219-231. [PMID: 33649477 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate is crucial during homeostasis and under stress conditions. Here we examine the aetiology of the Flt3 ligand (Flt3L)-mediated increase of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). Using cellular barcoding we demonstrate this occurs through selective clonal expansion of HSPCs that are primed to produce cDC1s and not through activation of cDC1 fate by other HSPCs. In particular, multi/oligo-potent clones selectively amplify their cDC1 output, without compromising the production of other lineages, via a process we term tuning. We then develop Divi-Seq to simultaneously profile the division history, surface phenotype and transcriptome of individual HSPCs. We discover that Flt3L-responsive HSPCs maintain a proliferative 'early progenitor'-like state, leading to the selective expansion of multiple transitional cDC1-primed progenitor stages that are marked by Irf8 expression. These findings define the mechanistic action of Flt3L through clonal tuning, which has important implications for other models of 'emergency' haematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn S Lin
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Tomei
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom S Weber
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaring Schreuder
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia J Stonehouse
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley P Ng
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li P, Zhang H, Ji L, Wang Z. A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies on Therapeutic Strategies Using Interleukin-12 in Cancer Therapy and the Protective Role of Interleukin-12 in Hematological Recovery in Chemoradiotherapy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923855. [PMID: 32811803 PMCID: PMC7453748 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a heterodimeric glycoprotein with α and β subunits covalently bonded with a disulfide bond, is a potent anticancer agent. Its action is accomplished through a linkage of the adaptive and innate immune responses. IL-12 can promote the recovery of the hematopoietic system after cancer chemoradiotherapy by stimulating the physiological processes of stem cells, including cell proliferation and differentiation, reconstitution of hematopoietic function, and peripheral blood count recovery. We review therapeutic strategies using IL-12 in clinical studies, including single-agent and combination strategies in hematological tumors and solid tumors, and studies on the protective effects of IL-12 in chemoradiotherapy. This review highlights promising therapeutic strategies based on the anticancer role of IL-12 and the potential protective effects of IL-12 for cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lina Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Interleukin-12 supports in vitro self-renewal of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:92-101. [PMID: 35402790 PMCID: PMC8974953 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew or differentiate through division. Cytokines are essential for inducing HSC division, but the optimal cytokine combination to control self-renewal of HSC in vitro remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and thrombopoietin (TPO) in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) on in vitro self-renewal of HSCs. Single-cell assays were used to overcome the heterogeneity issue of HSCs, and serum-free conditions were newly established to permit reproduction of data. In single-cell cultures, CD150+CD48−CD41−CD34−c-Kit+Sca-1+lineage− HSCs divided significantly more slowly in the presence of SCF+IL-12 compared with cells in the presence of SCF+TPO. Serial transplantation of cells from bulk and clonal cultures revealed that TPO was more effective than IL-12 at supporting in vitro self-renewal of short-term (<6 months) HSCs, resulting in a monophasic reconstitution wave formation, whereas IL-12 was more effective than TPO at supporting the in vitro self-renewal of long-term (>6 months) HSCs, resulting in a biphasic reconstitution wave formation. The control of division rate in HSCs appeared to be crucial for preventing the loss of self-renewal potential from their in vitro culture.
Collapse
|
7
|
de Kruijf EJFM, Fibbe WE, van Pel M. Cytokine-induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization: unraveling interactions between stem cells and their niche. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:24-38. [PMID: 31006885 PMCID: PMC7217176 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), mobilized by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, are widely used as a source for both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of mobilized HSPCs has several advantages over traditional bone marrow–derived HSPCs, including a less invasive harvesting process for the donor, higher HSPC yields, and faster hematopoietic reconstitution in the recipient. For years, the mechanisms by which cytokines and other agents mobilize HSPCs from the bone marrow were not fully understood. The field of stem cell mobilization research has advanced significantly over the past decade, with major breakthroughs in the elucidation of the complex mechanisms that underlie stem cell mobilization. In this review, we provide an overview of the events that underlie HSPC mobilization and address the relevant cellular and molecular components of the bone marrow niche. Furthermore, current and future mobilizing agents will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evert-Jan F M de Kruijf
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willem E Fibbe
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa van Pel
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma P, Kumar P, Sharma R. Natural Killer Cells - Their Role in Tumour Immunosurveillance. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BE01-BE05. [PMID: 28969116 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26748.10469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An important component of the innate immune system, the natural killer cells that originate from the lymphoid cell lineage, hold tremendous potential as an effective therapeutic tool to combat a variety of cancers. Their vast capability to kill altered cells such as opsonized cells (antibody coated), tumour cells, genotoxically changed cells without affecting the healthy cells of the body, make them an effective therapeutic agent for various types of cancers. Besides, through interplay and molecular crosstalk via several cytokines, they also augment the adaptive immune response by, promoting the differentiation, activation and recruitment of component cells of the system. With the current advance knowledge of Natural Killer (NK) cells, their receptor-ligand interactions involved in functional regulation, various mechanistic approaches involving the role of cytokines led to desired modulation of NK cell activity in a tailor-made manner, for triggering clinically relevant responces. Several strategies have been adopted by researchers, to augment the efficacy of NK cells. Still many challenges exist for increasing the therapeutic relevance of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rachna Sharma
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, TSM Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsapogas P, Mooney CJ, Brown G, Rolink A. The Cytokine Flt3-Ligand in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1115. [PMID: 28538663 PMCID: PMC5485939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) is an important regulator of hematopoiesis. Its receptor, Flt3, is expressed on myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic cell progenitors and is considered an important growth and differentiation factor for several hematopoietic lineages. Activating mutations of Flt3 are frequently found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and associated with a poor clinical prognosis. In the present review we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the role of FL in the generation of blood cell lineages. We examine recent studies on Flt3 expression by hematopoietic stem cells and its potential instructive action at early stages of hematopoiesis. In addition, we review current findings on the role of mutated FLT3 in leukemia and the development of FLT3 inhibitors for therapeutic use to treat AML. The importance of mouse models in elucidating the role of Flt3-ligand in normal and malignant hematopoiesis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsapogas
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
| | - Ciaran James Mooney
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edbgaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edbgaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edbgaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Antonius Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selective Expression of Flt3 within the Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051037. [PMID: 28498310 PMCID: PMC5454949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed by various hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and Flt3-activating mutations are commonly present in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. These findings underscore the importance of Flt3 to steady-state and malignant hematopoiesis. In this study, the expression of Flt3 protein and Flt3 mRNA by single cells within the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and HPC bone marrow compartments of C57/BL6 mice was investigated using flow cytometry and the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Flt3 was heterogeneously expressed by almost all of the populations studied, including long-term reconstituting HSC and short-term reconstituting HSC. The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) were also found to be heterogeneously expressed within the multipotent cell compartments. Co-expression of the mRNAs encoding Flt3 and EpoR rarely occurred within these compartments. Expression of both Flt3 and M-CSFR protein at the surface of single cells was more commonly observed. These results emphasize the heterogeneous nature of HSC and HPC and the new sub-populations identified are important to understanding the origin and heterogeneity of the acute myeloid leukemias.
Collapse
|
11
|
Radiation-induced decrease of CD8+ dendritic cells contributes to Th1/Th2 shift. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:178-185. [PMID: 28314222 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) often reduce the helper T (Th) 1 like function, resulting in a Th1/Th2 imbalance, which could affect the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. As the most potent antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DC) can be divided into several subsets with specialized function. However, there is no literature covering the changes of DC subsets and their roles in immune regulation in response to IR. In the present study, we were aimed to investigate the changes of DC subsets after IR and its relationship with Th1/Th2 immunity. We found a significant decrease of BDCA3+DC in the blood of patients treated with radiotherapy. CD8+DC, a mouse equivalent of human BDCA3+DC, was also found decreased in mice spleen, peripheral blood and lymph node tissues after irradiation. As CD8+DC mainly induce Th1 immunity, we tested the changes of Th1/Th2 response and found that IR caused a repression of Th1 immunity, indicating a possible role of CD8+DC in radiation-induced Th1/Th2 imbalance. We also found that a CD8+DC-inducing cytokine, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3 ligand), restored CD8+DC and reversed Th1/Th2 shift. And then we found that bone marrow cells from irradiated mice differentiated into less CD8+DC, which was also protected by FLT3 ligand. In conclusion, our data showed that IR induced a decrease of CD8+DC and Th1/Th2 shift, which was reversed by Flt3 ligand treatment, suggesting a novel mechanism for radiation-induced immunosuppression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Casacuberta-Serra S, Parés M, Golbano A, Coves E, Espejo C, Barquinero J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be efficiently generated from human hematopoietic progenitors and peripheral blood monocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:538-548. [PMID: 28108746 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have an important role in controlling inflammation. As such, they are both a therapeutic target and, based on the administration of ex vivo-generated MDSCs, a therapeutic tool. However, there are relatively few reports describing methods to generate human MDSCs, and most of them rely on cells obtained from peripheral blood monocytes. We investigated alternative approaches to the generation of MDSCs from hematopoietic progenitors and monocytes. Purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from apheresis products and CD14+ cells isolated from buffy coats were cultured in the presence of different combinations of cytokines. The resulting myeloid cell populations were then characterized phenotypically and functionally. Progenitor cells cultured in the presence of SCF+TPO+FLT3-L+GM-CSF+IL-6 gave rise to both monocytic (M)- and granulocytic (G)-MDSCs but production of the latter was partially inhibited by IL-3. M-MDSCs but not G-MDSCs were obtained by culturing peripheral blood monocytes with GM-CSF+IL-6 or GM-CSF+TGF-β1 for 6 days. CD14 expression was downregulated in the cultured cells. PD-L1 expression at baseline was lower in hematopoietic progenitor cell-derived than in monocyte-derived MDSCs, but was markedly increased in response to stimulation with LPS+IFN-γ. The functionality of the two MDSC subtypes was confirmed in studies of the suppression of allogeneic and mitogen-induced proliferation and by cytokine profiling. Here we describe both the culture conditions that allow the generation of MDSCs and the phenotypical and functional characterization of these cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Casacuberta-Serra
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Parés
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arantxa Golbano
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Coves
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barquinero
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Anandasabapathy N, Breton G, Hurley A, Caskey M, Trumpfheller C, Sarma P, Pring J, Pack M, Buckley N, Matei I, Lyden D, Green J, Hawthorne T, Marsh HC, Yellin M, Davis T, Keler T, Schlesinger SJ. Efficacy and safety of CDX-301, recombinant human Flt3L, at expanding dendritic cells and hematopoietic stem cells in healthy human volunteers. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50:924-30. [PMID: 25915810 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L) uniquely binds the Flt3 (CD135) receptor expressed on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), early progenitor cells, immature thymocytes and steady-state dendritic cells (DCs) and induces their proliferation, differentiation, development and mobilization in the bone marrow, peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. CDX-301 has an identical amino-acid sequence and comparable biological activity to the previously tested rhuFlt3L, which ceased clinical development over a decade ago. This Phase 1 trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunologic profile of CDX-301, explored alternate dosing regimens and examined the impact of rhuFlt3L on key immune cell subsets. Thirty healthy volunteers received CDX-301 (1-75 μg/kg/day) over 5-10 days. One event of Grade 3 community-acquired pneumonia occurred. There were no other infections, dose-limiting toxicities or serious adverse events. CDX-301 resulted in effective peripheral expansion of monocytes, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and key subsets of myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs, with no clear effect on regulatory T cells. These data from healthy volunteers support the potential for CDX-301, as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, in various indications including allogeneic HSC transplantation and immunotherapy, but the effects of CDX-301 will need to be investigated in each of these patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Anandasabapathy
- 1] The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Breton
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Hurley
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Caskey
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Trumpfheller
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Sarma
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Pring
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Pack
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Buckley
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I Matei
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Lyden
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Green
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - T Hawthorne
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - H C Marsh
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - M Yellin
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - T Davis
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - T Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - S J Schlesinger
- The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dolence JJ, Gwin KA, Shapiro MB, Medina KL. Flt3 signaling regulates the proliferation, survival, and maintenance of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors that generate B cell precursors. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:380-393.e3. [PMID: 24444745 PMCID: PMC4089881 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flt3 signaling plays a crucial role in regulating the survival and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors into B cell precursors (BCPs) in bone marrow. To define further the role of Flt3 signaling in lymphoid progenitor survival, mice deficient in Flt3 ligand that also expressed a Bcl2 transgene (Eμ-bcl2tg flt3l(-/-)) were generated. Intracellular flow cytometry established transgene expression in primitive hematopoietic progenitors, including lineage-negative Sca-1(+) c-kit(+) (LSK(+)) CD27(-) cells enriched for functional hematopoietic stem cells. Compared with flt3l(-/-) mice, Eμ-bcl2tg flt3l(-/-) mice had significantly increased multipotential progenitors (MPPs), IL-7R(+) common lymphoid progenitors, and B cell precursors. To determine whether forced expression of Bcl2 was sufficient to restore lymphoid priming in the absence of Flt3 signaling Eμ-bcl2tg flt3l(-/-)rag1-gfp(+) mice were generated. Analysis of Eμ-bcl2tg flt3l(-/-)rag1-gfp(+) mice revealed that the Bcl2 transgene had no effect on lymphoid priming before CD19 expression. Thus, forced expression of a survival gene can bypass the requirement for threshold levels of Flt3 signaling requisite for lymphoid priming. Temporal Flt3 ligand (FL) replacement therapy in flt3l(-/-) mice revealed specific requirements for Flt3 signaling in the expansion and maintenance of Flt3(+hi) MPP and Flt3(+) all lymphoid progenitors, but not Flt3(+) B lymphoid progenitors (BLPs), the immediate precursors of BCPs. BCPs were restored after temporal in vivo FL treatment, albeit with delayed kinetics. Together, these results show that Flt3 regulates the proliferation, survival, and maintenance of developmental stage-specific hematopoietic progenitors that give rise to BCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Dolence
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly A Gwin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mariya B Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kay L Medina
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gomez A, Espejo C, Eixarch H, Casacuberta-Serra S, Mansilla MJ, Sanchez R, Pereira S, Lopez-Estevez S, Gimeno R, Montalban X, Barquinero J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells are Generated during Retroviral Transduction of Murine Bone Marrow. Cell Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x658971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work by our group showed that transferring bone marrow cells transduced with an autoantigen into nonmyeloablated mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced immune tolerance and improved symptoms of the disease. Because this effect occurred in the absence of molecular chimerism, we hypothesized that the cells responsible did not have repopulating ability and that they were not mediating central but peripheral tolerance mechanisms. In the present study, we analyzed the immunophenotype of the cells that are generated in the transduction cultures and we evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of the main cell subpopulations produced. We show that both granulocytic (CD11b+ Gr-1hi) and monocytic (CD11b+Gr-1lo) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G- and M-MDSCs, respectively) are generated during standard 4-day γ-retroviral transduction cultures (representing about 25% and 40% of the total cell output, respectively) and that the effectively transduced cells largely consist of these two cell types. A third cell population representing about 15% of the transduced cells did not express CD45 or hematopoietic lineage markers and expressed mesenchymal stromal cell markers. Transduced total bone marrow cells and sorted M-MDSCs expressed arginase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities, produced reactive oxygen species, and inhibited antigen-induced T-cell proliferation in vitro. Transgene-expressing MDSCs could be exploited therapeutically to induce tolerance in autoimmune diseases and in gene therapy protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gomez
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEM-Cat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEM-Cat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Casacuberta-Serra
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Mansilla
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanchez
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pereira
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez-Estevez
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gimeno
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEM-Cat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barquinero
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liang HCY, Holmes R, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to the T-lymphocyte lineage. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1029:119-128. [PMID: 23756946 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-478-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the highly regulated and complex process by which blood cells are formed. Hematopoiesis can be achieved in vitro by the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into hematopoietic lineage cells. Differentiation of ESCs initially gives rise to mesoderm colonies that go on to form hemangioblast cells, which possess endothelial and hematopoietic lineage potential. While the differentiation of several hematopoietic lineages from ESCs, such as erythrocytes and macrophages, can be easily recapitulated in vitro, T-cell differentiation requires additional Notch-dependent signals for their generation. Keeping with this, ESCs induced to differentiate with OP-9 cells, a bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, give rise to erythro-myeloid cells and B lymphocytes, while the expression of an appropriate Notch ligand, such as Delta-like 1, on OP-9 cells (OP9-DL1) is required to support the generation of T-cells in vitro. Here, we describe an updated and streamlined protocol for the generation of T-lineage cells from mouse ESCs cultured on OP9-DL1 cells. This approach can facilitate studies aimed to assess the effects of environmental and genetic manipulations at various stages of T-cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydn C-Y Liang
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Secreted protein growth factors that stimulate the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of the most primitive stem cells are among the most biologically interesting molecules and at least theoretically have diverse applications in the evolving field of regenerative medicine. Among this class of regulators, the early-acting hematopoietic growth factors and their cellular targets are perhaps the best characterized and serve as a paradigm for manipulating other stem cell based tissues. This chapter reviews the preclinical knowledge accumulated over ~40 years, since the discovery of the first such growth factor, and the clinical applications of those that, upon testing in humans, ultimately gained regulatory approval for the treatment of various hematological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Szilvassy
- Hematology/Oncology Research Therapeutic Area, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Expression and role of FLT3 in regulation of the earliest stage of normal granulocyte-monocyte progenitor development. Blood 2010; 115:5061-8. [PMID: 20393130 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-258756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in c-fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) signaling have reductions in early multipotent and lymphoid progenitors, whereas no evident myeloid phenotype has been reported. However, activating mutations of Flt3 are among the most common genetic events in acute myeloid leukemia and mice harboring internal tandem duplications within Flt3 (Flt3-ITD) develop myeloproliferative disease, with characteristic expansion of granulocyte-monocyte (GM) progenitors (GMP), possibly compatible with FLT3-ITD promoting a myeloid fate of multipotent progenitors. Alternatively, FLT3 might be expressed at the earliest stages of GM development. Herein, we investigated the expression, function, and role of FLT3 in recently identified early GMPs. Flt3-cre fate-mapping established that most progenitors and mature progeny of the GM lineage are derived from Flt3-expressing progenitors. A higher expression of FLT3 was found in preGMP compared with GMP, and preGMPs were more responsive to stimulation with FLT3 ligand (FL). Whereas preGMPs and GMPs were reduced in Fl(-/-) mice, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors were unaffected and lacked FLT3 expression. Notably, mice deficient in both thrombopoietin (THPO) and FL had a more pronounced GMP phenotype than Thpo(-/-) mice, establishing a role of FL in THPO-dependent and -independent regulation of GMPs, of likely significance for myeloid malignancies with Flt3-ITD mutations.
Collapse
|
19
|
de Kruijf EJFM, Hagoort H, Velders GA, Fibbe WE, van Pel M. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are differentially mobilized depending on the duration of Flt3-ligand administration. Haematologica 2010; 95:1061-7. [PMID: 20081057 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.016691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flt3-ligand is a cytokine that induces relatively slow mobilization of hematopoietic cells in animals and humans in vivo. This provides a time-frame to study hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell migration kinetics in detail. DESIGN AND METHODS Mice were injected with Flt3-ligand (10 microg/day, intraperitoneally) for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was studied using colony-forming-unit granulocyte/monocyte and cobblestone-area-forming-cell assays. The radioprotective capacity of mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied by transplantation of 1.5 x 10(6) Flt3-ligand-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells into lethally irradiated (9.5 Gy) recipients. RESULTS Hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization was detected from day 3 onwards and prolonged administration of Flt3-ligand produced a steady increase in mobilized progenitor cells. Compared to Flt3-ligand administration for 5 days, the administration of Flt3-ligand for 10 days led to a 5.5-fold increase in cobblestone-area-forming cells at week 4 and a 5.0-fold increase at week 5. Furthermore, transplantation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells mobilized by 5 days of Flt3-ligand administration did not radioprotect lethally irradiated recipients, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells mobilized by 10 days of Flt3-Ligand administration did provide 100% radioprotection of the recipients with significant multilineage donor chimerism. Compared to the administration of Flt3-ligand or interleukin-8 alone, co-administration of interleukin-8 and Flt3-ligand led to synergistic enhancement of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization on days 3 and 5. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells show different mobilization kinetics in response to Flt3-ligand, resulting in preferential mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells at day 5, followed by hematopoietic stem cell mobilization at day 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evert-Jan F M de Kruijf
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
FLT3 receptor and ligand are dispensable for maintenance and posttransplantation expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2009; 113:3453-60. [PMID: 19188666 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-08-174060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally cloned from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations and its ligand being extensively used to promote ex vivo HSC expansion, the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; also called FLK2) receptor and its ligand (FL) were expected to emerge as an important physiologic regulator of HSC maintenance and expansion. However, the role of FLT3 receptor and ligand in HSC regulation remains unclear and disputed. Herein, using Fl-deficient mice, we establish for the first time that HSC expansion in fetal liver and after transplantation is FL independent. Because previous findings in Flk2(-/-) mice were compatible with an important role of FLT3 receptor in HSC regulation and because alternative ligands might potentially interact directly or indirectly with FLT3 receptor, we here also characterized HSCs in Flk2(-/-) mice. Advanced phenotypic as well as functional evaluation of Flk2(-/-) HSCs showed that the FLT3 receptor is dispensable for HSC steady-state maintenance and expansion after transplantation. Taken together, these studies show that the FLT3 receptor and ligand are not critical regulators of mouse HSCs, neither in steady state nor during fetal or posttransplantation expansion.
Collapse
|
21
|
Boissel L, Tuncer HH, Betancur M, Wolfberg A, Klingemann H. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Expansion of Cord Blood Natural Killer Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:1031-1038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Wambi C, Sanzari J, Wan XS, Nuth M, Davis J, Ko YH, Sayers CM, Baran M, Ware JH, Kennedy AR. Dietary antioxidants protect hematopoietic cells and improve animal survival after total-body irradiation. Radiat Res 2008; 169:384-96. [PMID: 18363433 DOI: 10.1667/rr1204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a dietary supplement consisting of L-selenomethionine, vitamin C, vitamin E succinate, alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetyl cysteine could improve the survival of mice after total-body irradiation. Antioxidants significantly increased the 30-day survival of mice after exposure to a potentially lethal dose of X rays when given prior to or after animal irradiation. Pretreatment of animals with antioxidants resulted in significantly higher total white blood cell and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood at 4 and 24 h after 1 Gy and 8 Gy. Antioxidants were effective in preventing peripheral lymphopenia only after low-dose irradiation. Antioxidant supplementation was also associated with increased bone marrow cell counts after irradiation. Supplementation with antioxidants was associated with increased Bcl2 and decreased Bax, caspase 9 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in the bone marrow after irradiation. Maintenance of the antioxidant diet was associated with improved recovery of the bone marrow after sublethal or potentially lethal irradiation. Taken together, oral supplementation with antioxidants appears to be an effective approach for radioprotection of hematopoietic cells and improvement of animal survival, and modulation of apoptosis is implicated as a mechanism for the radioprotection of the hematopoietic system by antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wambi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bennett F, Gianotti J, Celniker A, Turner KJ, Clark SC. Measurement of human interleukin 11. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2008; Chapter 6:6.15.1-6.15.12. [PMID: 18432806 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0615s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes an ELISA and a cell proliferation assay that can be used, respectively, to measure the protein level or biologic activity of human and murine interleukin 11 (IL-11). The bioassay is based on the ability of IL-11 to support growth of the B9-11 cell line, a subline of B9 that has traditionally been used to measure levels of IL-6. B9-11 is substantially more responsive to IL-11 than the T10 line used in older protocols. This new bioassay therefore provides improved sensitivity, with a detection limit of 20 pg/ml. An alternate procedure is provided that employs neutralizing antibodies in the cell proliferation bioassay to use to ensure that the activity of the desired molecule (IL-11) is being measured in samples containing multiple cytokines. A describes maintenance of B9-11 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bennett
- Genetics Institute, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Diehl A, Stoelting S, Nadrowitz R, Wagner T, Peters SO. Improved hematopoietic stem cell engraftment following ex vivo expansion of murine marrow cells with SCF and Flt3L. Cytotherapy 2007; 9:532-8. [PMID: 17882717 DOI: 10.1080/14653240701452073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro incubation of murine BM cells with IL-3, IL-6, IL-11 and SCF induces expansion of HPC but fails to preserve 'engraftability' in comparison with normal untreated marrow cells. We studied how culturing marrow cells for 48 and 72 h with a combination of the cytokines SCF and Flt3L influences cell expansion and engraftability. METHODS Competitive repopulation of lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice was used to examine engraftability of ex vivo cytokine-expanded Ptprc chimeric BM. A methylcellulose in vitro assay was used to determine the expansion of substitute progenitors. RESULTS Both cytokine combinations successfully expanded progenitor populations when assayed in methylcellulose culture in vitro. After 72 h, the colony numbers of the expansion cultures increased 61% with IL-3, IL-6, IL-11 and SCF stimulation and 96% with SCF and Flt3L stimulation. Engraftment of competitively transplanted cells, cultured with IL-3, IL-6, IL-11 and SCF, consistently dropped to levels below 16%. However, 48 h culture with SCF and Flt3L resulted in 53.5+/-1.6% engraftment at 17 days and 64+/-3.7% engraftment at 19 weeks post-transplantation. Extending the cytokine exposure to 72 h resulted in 70+/-4.4% short-term engraftment at 17 days, and 64+/-2.4% engraftment at 19 weeks post-transplantation. DISCUSSION The data demonstrate the ability of SCF and Flt3L cytokine-stimulated BM cells to maintain short- and long-term engraftability. We conclude that these cytokines play a crucial role in maintaining engraftment of hematopoietic progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Diehl
- Division of Hematology, Medical Department I, Medical University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
During inflammation and cytopenia, increased levels of hematopoietic growth factors (HPGFs) induce mobilization and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), resulting in spatial and quantitative in vivo expansion of the hematopoietic tissue. Exogenous administration of recombinant HPGFs, particularly granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is routine for mobilization of stem cells, followed by collection and transplantation of autologous or allogeneic stem cells. In this review, we summarize experience using different HPGFs and HPGF combinations for stem cell mobilization, such as G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), stem cell factor (SCF), and others. Preclinical and clinical studies of so-called early- and late-acting HPGFs for ex vivo expansion of HPCs are discussed, also with respect to the unresolved question whether expansion of repopulating stem cells can be achieved in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Möhle
- Department of Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chan SSM, Lyons N, McConnell I, Blacklaws BA. Cloning and sequencing of ovine Flt3 ligand. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:167-71. [PMID: 17504506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA (879 bp) containing the complete open reading frame of ovine Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence has 97.6% similarity with bovine Flt3-L isoform 1 and shares the long cytoplasmic domain observed in bovine Flt3-L but not in human Flt3-L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S M Chan
- Centre for Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kimura T, Asada R, Wang J, Kimura T, Morioka M, Matsui K, Kobayashi K, Henmi K, Imai S, Kita M, Tsuji T, Sasaki Y, Ikehara S, Sonoda Y. Identification of long-term repopulating potential of human cord blood-derived CD34-flt3- severe combined immunodeficiency-repopulating cells by intra-bone marrow injection. Stem Cells 2007; 25:1348-55. [PMID: 17303816 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have identified human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34-negative (CD34(-)) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection (IBMI) method (Blood 2003;101:2924). In contrast to murine CD34(-) Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lineage(-) (KSL) cells, human CB-derived Lin(-)CD34(-) cells did not express detectable levels of c-kit by flow cytometry. In this study, we have investigated the function of flt3 in our identified human CB-derived CD34(-) SRCs. Both CD34(+)flt3(+/-) cells showed SRC activity. In the CD34(-) cell fraction, only CD34(-)flt3(-) cells showed distinct SRC activity by IBMI. Although CD34(+)flt3(+) cells showed a rather weak secondary repopulating activity, CD34(+)flt3(-) cells repopulated many more secondary recipient mice. However, CD34(-)flt3(-) cells repopulated all of the secondary recipients, and the repopulating rate was much higher. Next, we cocultured CD34(-)flt3(-) cells with the murine stromal cell line HESS-5. After 1 week, significant numbers of CD34(+)flt3(+/-) cells were generated, and they showed distinct SRC activity. These results indicated that CB-derived CD34(-)flt3(-) cells produced CD34(+)flt3(-) as well as CD34(+)flt3(+) SRCs in vitro. The present study has demonstrated for the first time that CB-derived CD34(-) SRCs, like murine CD34(-) KSL cells, do not express flt3. On the basis of these data, we propose that the immunophenotype of very primitive long-term repopulating human hematopoietic stem cells is Lin(-)CD34(-)c-kit(-)flt3(-). Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Pooter RF, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Generation of immunocompetent T cells from embryonic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 380:73-81. [PMID: 17876088 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-395-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mature hematopoietic cells, like all other terminally differentiated lineages, arise during ontogeny via a series of increasingly restricted intermediates. Hematopoietic progenitors derive from the mesoderm, which gives rise to hemangioblasts that can differentiate into endothelial or endocardial precursors, or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These HSCs, in turn, may either self-renew or differentiate into lineage-restricted progenitors, and ultimately mature effector cells. The ability to generate most hematopoietic lineages in a two-dimensional in vitro environment has facilitated our study of this complex process. Until recently, T lymphocytes were the exception, and appeared to require the specific three-dimensional microenvironment of the thymus to develop. However, here we describe a protocol for the generation of immunocompetent T lymphocytes from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro, within the two-dimensional microenvironment provided by OP9 bone marrow stromal cells that have been transduced to express the Notch ligand Delta-like-1. This procedure will facilitate further study of T lymphocytes by providing a model system in which the effects of genetic and environmental manipulations of ESC-derived progenitors can be examined, and the mechanisms of tolerance potentially dissected, in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée F de Pooter
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Metcalf D, Mifsud S, Di Rago L. Murine megakaryocyte progenitor cells and their susceptibility to suppression by G-CSF. Stem Cells 2005; 23:55-62. [PMID: 15625122 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In agar cultures of mouse bone marrow cells, mega-karyocyte colony-forming cells exhibited shorter survival times than granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells when initially cultured in the absence of stimulating factors. Initiation of cultures with G-CSF improved the survival times of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and those of megakaryocyte progenitor cells. Paradoxically, G-CSF was found to consistently inhibit megakaryocyte colony formation stimulated by erythropoietin or by stem cell factor plus interleukin-3 (IL-3) plus erythropoietin. G-CSF was a less-consistent inhibitor of megakaryocyte colonies stimulated by thrombopoietin or IL-3. Analysis of the response of marrow cells from mice with the deletion of the genes encoding CIS, SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, SOCS-5, SOCS-6, or SOCS-7 indicated that the inhibitory SOCS proteins, with the possible exception of SOCS-3, were not involved in the G-CSF-initiated suppression of megakaryocyte colony formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- Division of Cancer and Hematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hasumura M, Imada C, Nawa K. Expression change of Flk-2/Flt-3 on murine hematopoietic stem cells in an activating state. Exp Hematol 2004; 31:1331-7. [PMID: 14662342 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The receptor tyrosine kinase Flk-2/Flt-3 (Flt-3) represents an important molecule involved in early hematopoiesis. Murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been shown to be negative for the expression of Flt-3. We now present clear evidence for the expression change of Flt-3(-) HSCs in an activating state, and the reversibility of Flt-3 expression by HSCs in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow cells isolated from Ly5.1 mice were sorted on the basis of Flt-3 expression and transplanted into lethally irradiated Ly5.2 recipients. After 24 weeks, peripheral blood was analyzed for donor contribution by flow cytometry. RESULTS Although long-term engraftment was predominantly detected in Flt-3(-) populations as previously described, a 6-day cultivation of Lin(-/low)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) Flt-3(-) bone marrow cells with stem cell factor and interleukin-11 resulted in the generation of Flt-3(+) HSCs with long-term engraftment capabilities. However, the Flt-3 ligand had no significant effect on self-renewal of the Flt-3(+) HSCs. Next, to examine reversible expression of this receptor molecule, Flt-3(+) cells converted in vitro from Ly5.1 Lin(-/low)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) Flt-3(-) bone marrow cells were isolated and transplanted into Ly5.2 primary recipients. After 24 weeks, Ly5.1 Lin(-/low) bone marrow cells were again separated into Flt-3(-) and Flt-3(+) cells and retransplanted into Ly5.2 secondary recipients. The majority of donor HSCs with long-term engraftment capabilities were detected in the Flt-3(-) populations, indicating the reversion of Flt-3(+) to Flt-3(-) HSCs. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that Flt-3 is a useful cell-surface marker of HSC activation and that this phenotypic change is reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hasumura
- Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tochigi Research Center, 519 Shimo-Ishibashi, Ishibashi-Machi, Tochigi 329-0512, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sattler M, Scheijen B, Weisberg E, Griffin JD. Mutated tyrosine kinases as therapeutic targets in myeloid leukemias. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 532:121-40. [PMID: 12908554 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0081-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are commonly mutated and activated in both acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. Here, we review the functions, signaling activities, mechanism of transformation, and therapeutic targeting of two prototypic tyrosine kinase oncogenes, BCR-ABL and FLT3, associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. BCR-ABL is generated by the Philadelphia chromosome translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating a chimeric oncogene in which the BCR and c-ABL genes are fused. The product of this oncogene, BCR-ABL, has elevated ABL tyrosine kinase activity and transforms hematopoietic cells by exerting a wide variety of biological effects, including reduction in growth factor dependence, enhanced viability, and altered adhesion of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells. Elevated tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL is critical for activating downstream signalling cascades and for all aspects of transformation, explaining the remarkable clinical efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (STI571). By comparison, FLT3 is mutated in about one third of all cases of AML, most often through a mechanism that involves an internal tandem duplication (ITD) of a small number of amino acid residues in the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor. As is the case for BCR-ABL, these mutations activate the kinase activity constitutively, activate multiple signaling pathways, and result in an augmentation of proliferation and viability. Transformation by FLT3-ITD can readily be observed in murine models, and FLT3 cooperates with other types of oncogenes to create a fully transformed acute leukemia. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and may be very useful therapeutic agents in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Metcalf D, Di Rago L, Mifsud S. Synergistic and inhibitory interactions in the in vitro control of murine megakaryocyte colony formation. Stem Cells 2003; 20:552-60. [PMID: 12456963 DOI: 10.1002/stem.200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The formation of megakaryocyte colonies in agar cultures of murine bone marrow or spleen cells can be stimulated by the addition of interleukin-3 (IL-3), erythropoietin (EPO), thrombopoietin (TPO), or IL-6. However, greater numbers of colonies developed if combinations of two or more of these stimuli were used, particularly combinations including stem cell factor, with maximal numbers of colonies developing with the combination of stem cell factor plus IL-3 plus EPO. The data indicate that most committed progenitor cells in the megakaryocyte lineage were unusual in that they required stimulation by two or more hematopoietic growth factors. In tests using a range of growth factors, G-CSF was exceptional in that it consistently specifically inhibited megakaryocyte colony formation stimulated by EPO, TPO, or IL-6 but not that stimulated by IL-3. The mechanisms involved in this inhibitory action of G-CSF are unknown, but the inhibitory action could be of relevance for the dose-dependent lowering of platelet levels observed in some subjects injected with G-CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- Division of Cancer and Hematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Lymphocyte development proceeds through highly ordered and regulated stages, as multipotent hematopoietic progenitors differentiate into lineage-defined progenitors, and ultimately into mature effector cells. The ability to generate lymphocytes from embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro should facilitate the study of these complex differentiation steps by providing a model system in which the effects of genetic and nongenetic manipulations can be examined in a controlled setting. These advances may also contribute to future therapeutic approaches. In this article, we describe the procedure for generating functional lymphocytes from mouse ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Heike T, Nakahata T. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells by cytokines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1592:313-21. [PMID: 12421675 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deutsch VR, Pick M, Perry C, Grisaru D, Hemo Y, Golan-Hadari D, Grant A, Eldor A, Soreq H. The stress-associated acetylcholinesterase variant AChE-R is expressed in human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors and its C-terminal peptide ARP promotes their proliferation. Exp Hematol 2002; 30:1153-61. [PMID: 12384146 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hematopoietic stress responses involve increases in leukocyte and platelet counts, implying the existence of stress responsive factors that modulate hematopoiesis. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is expressed in mammalian neurons and hematopoietic cells. In brain, it responds to stress by mRNA overexpression and alternative splicing, yielding the rare stress-associated "readthrough" AChE-R variant protein. This led us to explore the hematopoietic involvement of AChE-R and its cleavable C-terminal peptide ARP. MATERIALS AND METHODS AChE mRNA variants were labeled in CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells by in situ hybridization. ARP expression was detected by multicolor flow cytometry. Bromo-deoxyuracil incorporation and viable cell counts served to evaluate the proliferative effects of ARP and suppressive effects of the AChE antisense oligonucleotide AS1 on CD34(+) cells. RESULTS The distal enhancer, proximal promoter, and first intron of the human AChE gene include consensus binding sites for hematopoietically active and stress-induced transcription factors. CD34(+) cells from human cord blood were found to express all three variant AChE mRNAs, having different intracellular distributions. ARP was found in 5 to 15% of adult peripheral blood, bone marrow, and fetal CD34(+) cells (both committed CD38(+) and uncommitted CD38(-)) and in acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Externally supplied ARP by itself facilitated the proliferation of CD34(+) cells in an antisense suppressible manner. When combined with early-acting cytokines, ARP enhanced survival and expansion of CD34(+) cells up to 28 days in culture. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support ARP, the C-terminal peptide of AChE-R, as a new hematopoietic growth factor that may promote the myelopoietic expansion and thrombopoiesis characteristic of stress and may be used to enhance the efficiency of ex vivo expansion for bone marrow transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varda R Deutsch
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Björck P, Lie WR, Woulfe SL, Klein BK, Olson W, Storkus WJ. Progenipoietin-generated dendritic cells exhibit anti-tumor efficacy in a therapeutic murine tumor model. Int J Cancer 2002; 100:586-91. [PMID: 12124809 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Progenipoietin (ProGP-4) is a chimeric molecule, exhibiting both Flt-3 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor agonist activities. Subcutaneous administration of ProGP-4 to BALB/c mice at a dose of 40-100 microg/day for up to 12 consecutive days induces both CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and CD11c(-)/CD11b(+) granulocytes in spleen, blood and lymph nodes of treated animals. Peak numbers of all cell populations were observed on day 7 of treatment, with CD11c(+) DCs representing approximately 8% of total splenocytes at that time. Approximately 40-50% of these CD11c(+) cells were also able to endocytose and process the exogenous fluorescent antigen DQ-BSA. As a test of their therapeutic utility, freshly prepared CD11c(+) DCs were pulsed with a defined tumor-associated peptide epitope (murine p53(232-240)) and injected as a vaccine into BALB/c mice bearing day 7 established CMS4 sarcomas. Similarly prepared DCs were injected again 1 week later. Based on our results, we conclude that (i) both peptide-pulsed CD11c(+) DCs (harvested directly from ProGP-4 treated mice) and pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs effectively slow the growth of or mediate the regression (in 25 of 89 [28%] cases) of CMS4 tumors, and (ii) nonpulsed DCs mediated minimal or no therapeutic effect. These data support the ability of ProGP-4 to enhance the peripheral frequencies of DCs that exhibit therapeutic efficacy when applied as a vaccine to treat tumor-bearing animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Björck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mosley RL, Parajuli P, Pisarev V, Chavez J, Meeks A, Steffel A, Leutzinger C, Talmadge JE. Flt3 ligand augmentation of T cell mitogenesis and expansion of type 1 effector/memory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2:925-40. [PMID: 12188034 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report mechanisms whereby Flt3 ligand (FL) augments steady state T cell activity in addition to the expansion of dendritic cells (DCs). We demonstrate that in vivo administration of FL increases the frequency and absolute number of effector/memory T cells and preferentially expands T cells that express a type-1 cytokine phenotype. In addition, FL enhances T cell proliferative responses to Concanavalin A that directly correlated with increased frequencies in effector/memory T cells and expansion of lymphoid-derived (type 1) DCs (DC1s). Together, these data demonstrate that mechanisms of FL-induced T cell regulation include not only the expansion of DC subsets, but also the preferential expansion of type 1 -effector/memory T cell populations, and suggest multiple mechanisms of action for FL as a vaccine adjuvant and as a therapeutic modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-7660, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Scheijen B, Griffin JD. Tyrosine kinase oncogenes in normal hematopoiesis and hematological disease. Oncogene 2002; 21:3314-33. [PMID: 12032772 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase oncogenes are formed as a result of mutations that induce constitutive kinase activity. Many of these tyrosine kinase oncogenes that are derived from genes, such as c-Abl, c-Fes, Flt3, c-Fms, c-Kit and PDGFRbeta, that are normally involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis or hematopoietic cell function. Despite differences in structure, normal function, and subcellular location, many of the tyrosine kinase oncogenes signal through the same pathways, and typically enhance proliferation and prolong viability. They represent excellent potential drug targets, and it is likely that additional mutations will be identified in other kinases, their immediate downstream targets, or in proteins regulating their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Scheijen
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mueller YM, Cramer DE, Huang Y, Exner BG, Ildstad ST. Hematopoietic stem cells from the marrow of mice treated with Flt3 ligand are significantly expanded but exhibit reduced engraftment potential. Transplantation 2002; 73:1177-85. [PMID: 11981407 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200204270-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be significantly expanded by hematopoietic growth factors. Flt3 ligand (FL) is a hematopoietic growth factor that induces proliferation and mobilization of HSC into the peripheral blood. We previously reported that FL-mobilized HSC exhibit superior engraftment potential. The engraftment potential of FL-expanded HSC in the bone marrow compartment has not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effect of in vivo administration of FL on the engraftment potential of HSC expanded in the marrow. METHODS B10.BR (H-2k) donor mice were treated for 10 days with 10 microg of FL per day. Partially conditioned allogeneic B10 (H-2b) recipients received whole bone marrow. Purified HSC (c-Kit+/Sca1+/lin-) from the marrow were also transplanted in ablated syngeneic B10.BR recipients. RESULTS FL treatment significantly expanded HSC in the marrow compartment. The absolute number of T cells and granulocytes were unchanged whereas dendritic cells, facilitating cells, and HSC were significantly increased in the bone marrow of donor mice treated with FL compared with untreated mice. Mice conditioned with 700 cGy and transplanted with FL-treated allogeneic bone marrow showed a significantly lower rate of engraftment (14%) compared with recipients of bone marrow from untreated mice (100%). Syngeneic recipients transplanted with 500, 1000, 2000, or 3000 purified HSC from FL-treated donors also showed reduced long-term survival compared with mice transplanted with HSC from untreated donors. Cell cycle analysis revealed that significantly more bone marrow HSC were in cycle after FL treatment compared with unmanipulated controls. CONCLUSION These data show that FL treatment for 10 days induces proliferation of HSC but reduces the engraftment potential of HSC harvested from the marrow. The reduced syngeneic engraftment of HSC indicates that FL treatment induces intrinsic changes in HSC, resulting in failure of long-term engraftment or self-renewal despite no change in characteristic phenotype of HSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Mueller
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202-1760, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Loza MJ, Zamai L, Azzoni L, Rosati E, Perussia B. Expression of type 1 (interferon gamma) and type 2 (interleukin-13, interleukin-5) cytokines at distinct stages of natural killer cell differentiation from progenitor cells. Blood 2002; 99:1273-81. [PMID: 11830476 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.4.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines defines discrete stages of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation, cytokine expression was analyzed in human NK cells generated in vitro in the presence of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and/or IL-2 from umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors. Like peripheral NK cells, the CD161(+)/CD56(+) NK cells from these cultures contained a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)(+)/granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)(+) subset, an interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)(+) subset, mostly included within the former, and very few IFN-gamma(-)/IL-13(+) cells. Instead, most immature CD161(+)/CD56(-) NK cells, detectable only in the cultures with IL-2, produced IL-13, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF, but not IFN-gamma, and contained an IL-5(+) subset. In short-term cultures with IL-12 and feeder cells, a proportion of the immature cells acquired the ability to produce IFN-gamma. Part of these produced both IFN-gamma and IL-13, irrespective of induced CD56 expression. These in vitro data indicate that ability to produce the type 2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-5 defines CD161(+) NK cells at intermediate stages of differentiation, and is lost upon terminal functional differentiation, concomitant with acquired ability to produce IFN-gamma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Loza
- The Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Srinivasa SP, Doshi PD. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways cooperate in mediating cytokine-induced proliferation of a leukemic cell line. Leukemia 2002; 16:244-53. [PMID: 11840291 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2001] [Accepted: 10/19/2001] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and fetal liver tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt3) ligand (FL) act in synergy to induce expansion and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Regulation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and gene transcription, induced by these cytokines were examined using the OCI-AML5 cell line. For this purpose, FL and G-CSF were used either alone, or in combination as the co-addition of FL and G-CSF (FL+G-CSF), or a chimeric molecule, progenipoietin-1 (ProGP-1). Both G-CSF and FL induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) while p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase was phosphorylated only in response to G-CSF but not FL. Studies using specific kinase inhibitors suggested that both ERK and p38 MAP kinase pathways were required for the optimal cell proliferation in response to both G-CSF and FL. The magnitude of activation of the ERK pathway and induction of genes involved in cell cycle progression by G-CSF and FL exhibited a strong correlation with the degree of cell proliferation. These data suggest that OCI-AML5 cells proliferate at least in part, due to the activation of both ERK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to G-CSF and FL. This study represents the first report of the specific cell cycle genes induced by FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Srinivasa
- Pharmacia Discovery Research, 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, St. Louis, MO 63198, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kelly LM, Liu Q, Kutok JL, Williams IR, Boulton CL, Gilliland DG. FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations associated with human acute myeloid leukemias induce myeloproliferative disease in a murine bone marrow transplant model. Blood 2002; 99:310-8. [PMID: 11756186 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.1.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed on lymphoid and myeloid progenitors in the hematopoietic system. Activating mutations in FLT3 have been identified in approximately 30% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, making it one of the most common mutations observed in this disease. Frequently, the mutation is an in-frame internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the juxtamembrane region that results in constitutive activation of FLT3, and confers interleukin-3 (IL-3)-independent growth to Ba/F3 and 32D cells. FLT3-ITD mutants were cloned from primary human leukemia samples and assayed for transformation of primary hematopoietic cells using a murine bone marrow transplantation assay. FLT3-ITDs induced an oligoclonal myeloproliferative disorder in mice, characterized by splenomegaly and leukocytosis. The myeloproliferative phenotype, which was associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver, was confirmed by histopathologic and flow cytometric analysis. The disease latency of 40 to 60 days with FLT3-ITDs contrasted with wild-type FLT3 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) controls, which did not develop hematologic disease (> 200 days). These results demonstrate that FLT3-ITD mutant proteins are sufficient to induce a myeloproliferative disorder, but are insufficient to recapitulate the AML phenotype observed in humans. Additional mutations that impair hematopoietic differentiation may be required for the development of FLT3-ITD-associated acute myeloid leukemias. This model system should be useful to assess the contribution of additional cooperating mutations and to evaluate specific FLT3 inhibitors in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Kelly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brazel CY, Ducceschi MH, Pytowski B, Levison SW. The FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor inhibits neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and collaborates with NGF to promote neuronal survival. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 18:381-93. [PMID: 11640895 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase (FLT3) was originally identified on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and its ligand (FL) induces HSC proliferation. As stem cells originating from various tissues are more similar than once thought, the goal of this study was to determine whether neural stem cells express FLT3 and proliferate in response to FL. In fact, a subset of neural stem/progenitor cells does express FLT3, but contrary to our expectations, FL inhibited EGF and FGF-2 stimulated proliferation. Since FLT3 is expressed weakly by proliferative neuroepithelia but strongly by subsets of neurons in the CNS and PNS, we tested its ability to support neuronal survival. FL synergized with NGF to promote the survival of cultured DRG neurons, although it lacked any neurotrophic activity alone. We conclude that FL serves as an adjunct trophic factor in the nervous system, which differs from its role in the hematopoietic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Brazel
- Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Timeus F, Ricotti E, Crescenzio N, Garelli E, Doria A, Spinelli M, Ramenghi U, Basso G. Flt-3 and its ligand are expressed in neural crest-derived tumors and promote survival and proliferation of their cell lines. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1025-37. [PMID: 11454991 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flt-3 ligand (FL) is a cytokine that promotes the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors in synergy with other growth factors, such as stem cell factor. Previously we have demonstrated that stem cell factor and its receptor c-kit are expressed in neural crest-derived tumor cells and that a c-kit block induces their apoptosis. Here we have evaluated the expression of flt-3 and its ligand in 12 neuroectodermal tumor cell lines from neuroblastoma (NB), neuroepithelioma (NE), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and in 38 biopsies: 19 from NB and 19 from ES and PNET. RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of flt-3 and FL in all lines. Coexpression was observed in 42% of NB and in 74% of ES and PNET biopsies. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of membrane and cytoplasmic flt-3 and membrane FL in all lines, whereas soluble FL protein was not measurable in their supernatants. Microphysiometric demonstration of acidification of the medium provided evidence of the specific response of cell lines to FL stimulation. Specific flt-3 phosphorylation after FL treatment was also demonstrated by Western blotting analysis. In cells growing in RPMI plus 1% fetal calf serum, FL revealed a significant proliferating activity, more evident in NB and NE lines (mean increase of viable cells, 73 +/- 26% after 1 day). Treatment with flt-3 antisense oligonucleotides significantly inhibited cell growth. FL also displayed an antiapoptotic activity: after a 12-hour culture in the presence of 0.1% fetal calf serum, FL caused a 50% reduction of apoptotic cells. These results provide further evidence that neuroectodermal and hematopoietic cells share common regulatory pathways, and could be of interest in the clinical management of neuroectodermal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Timeus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Billia F, Barbara M, McEwen J, Trevisan M, Iscove NN. Resolution of pluripotential intermediates in murine hematopoietic differentiation by global complementary DNA amplification from single cells: confirmation of assignments by expression profiling of cytokine receptor transcripts. Blood 2001; 97:2257-68. [PMID: 11290586 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.8.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hematopoiesis is known to proceed from stem cells through a graded series of multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent precursor cells, it has been difficult to resolve these cells physically one from another. There is, therefore, corresponding uncertainty about the exact distribution and timing of the expression of genes known to be important in hematopoietic differentiation. In earlier work, the generation of a set of amplified complementary DNAs (cDNAs) from single precursor cells was described, whose biologic potential was determined by the outcome of cultured sibling cells. In this study, the new acquisition of cDNA from multipotent myeloid precursor cells is described, as is the mapping of RNA-level expression of 17 distinct cytokine receptors (c-kit, Flk-1, Flk-2/Flt-3, c-fms, gp130, erythropoietin receptor, GM-CSFRalpha, G-CSFR, TNFR1, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-2Rbeta, IL-3-specific beta receptor, IL-4R, IL-6Ralpha, IL-7Ralpha, and IL-11Ralpha) to the enlarged sample set, spanning stages from pentapotent precursors through oligopotent intermediates to committed and maturing cells in the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Although the enhanced scope and resolving power of the analysis yielded previously unreported observations, there was overall agreement with known biologic responsiveness at individual stages, and major contradictions did not arise. Moreover, each precursor category displayed a unique overall pattern of hybridization to the matrix of 17 receptor probes, supporting the notion that each sample pool indeed reflected a unique precursor stage. Collectively, the results provide supportive evidence for the validity of the cDNA assignments to particular stages, the depth of the information captured, and the unique capacity of the sample matrix to resolve individual stages in the hematopoietic hierarchy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/chemistry
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics
- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Billia
- Ontario Cancer Institute and the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Jacobsen SE, Borge OJ, Ramsfjell V, Cui L, Cardier JE, Veiby OP, Murphy MJ, Lok S. Thrombopoietin, a direct stimulator of viability and multilineage growth of primitive bone marrow progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2001; 14 Suppl 1:173-80. [PMID: 11012218 DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530140722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO), the ligand for c-mpl, has recently been demonstrated to be the primary regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that c-mpl is expressed on hematopoietic cell populations highly enriched in primitive progenitor cells. Here we summarize and discuss recent studies from our laboratory, as well as others, demonstrating that TPO has effects on primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. When acting alone, TPO stimulates little or no growth, but promotes viability and suppresses apoptosis of murine multipotent (Lin- Sca-1+) bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro. In addition, TPO directly and potently synergizes with other early acting cytokines (kit ligand, flt3 ligand and interleukin 3) to promote multilineage growth of the same progenitor cell population. Although it remains to be established whether TPO also acts on the long-term reconstituting pluripotent stem cells, these studies combined with progenitor cell studies in c-mpl-deficient mice, suggest that TPO, in addition to its key role in platelet production, might also have an important impact on early hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Jacobsen
- Blood Cell Growth Factors Laboratory, Hipple Cancer Research Center, Dayton, Ohio 45439-2092, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Turner KJ, Neben S, Weich N, Schaub RG, Goldman SJ. The role of recombinant interleukin 11 in megakaryocytopoiesis. Stem Cells 2001; 14 Suppl 1:53-61. [PMID: 11012203 DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530140707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human interleukin 11 (rHuIL-11) is a multifunctional cytokine with activities on a broad range of hematopoietic cells including primitive stem cells and mature progenitor cells. Analysis of rHuIL-11 in vitro has revealed that its hematopoietic activities are predominantly a result of synergistic interactions with other early-acting factors such as IL-3 and Steel factor. Studies indicate that rHuIL-11 acts directly on purified stem and progenitor cell populations and can support the growth of colony forming units-megakaryocyte in these cultures. In normal animals, rHuIL-11 has a potent effect on cells of the megakaryocyte (MK) lineage. Administration of rHuIL-11 results in a two- to threefold increase in circulating platelets, stimulation of bone marrow (BM) and spleen progenitor numbers, and enhanced MK maturation as measured by a shift to higher ploidy values. rHuIL-11 administration in preclinical models of myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy and/or irradiation has shown a reproducible acceleration of platelet recovery and, in some models, enhanced neutrophil and red blood cell recovery. rHuIL-11 has been tested in a non-human primate myelosuppression model using carboplatin. Administration of rHuIL-11 following carboplatin treatment was found to eliminate the period of severe thrombocytopenia (<20,000 platelets/ml) and enhance the recovery of platelets to normal levels (>100,000/ml). Recently, human clinical trials conducted with rHuIL-11 in patients treated with chemotherapy have demonstrated its potent thrombopoietic activity, including improved platelet nadirs, enhanced platelet recovery and a significant decrease in the number of patients who require platelet transfusions. Combined with the preclinical results, these studies confirm that this cytokine will be an effective agent in the treatment of myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia associated with cancer chemotherapy and BM transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Turner
- Department of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Genetics Institute, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Grisaru D, Deutsch V, Shapira M, Pick M, Sternfeld M, Melamed-Book N, Kaufer D, Galyam N, Gait MJ, Owen D, Lessing JB, Eldor A, Soreq H. ARP, A Peptide Derived from the Stress-Associated Acetylcholinesterase Variant, Has Hematopoietic Growth Promoting Activities. Mol Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
50
|
Peters M, Solem F, Goldschmidt J, Schirmacher P, Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 and the soluble interleukin-6 receptor induce stem cell factor and Flt-3L expression in vivo and in vitro. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:146-55. [PMID: 11166453 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently established transgenic animals expressing either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) alone, or both components, IL-6 and the sIL-6R, in the liver. This animal model demonstrated that the expression of IL-6 in combination with its sIL-6R led to extramedullary expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the spleen and liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied other relevant hematopoietic cytokines involved in the IL-6/sIL-6R-induced stimulation of hematopoiesis. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that cell-associated stem cell factor (SCF) and Flt-3L expression were upregulated in liver and spleen only in double transgenic mice but not in IL-6 or sIL-6R single transgenic animals. Moreover, on murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and on human primary forskin fibroblasts, stimulation with the IL-6/sIL-6R complex, and to a lesser extent with IL-6 alone, led to induction of cellular SCF and Flt-3L expression. When human HTB-158 fibroblasts were stimulated with the IL-6/sIL-6R complex and subsequently cocultured with human umbilical cord CD34(+) cells, a significant upregulation in colony growth was found. CONCLUSIONS We showed that IL-6 in combination with its soluble receptor stimulates cellular SCF and Flt-3L expression in vivo and in vitro. Cellular upregulation of SCF and Flt-3L by IL-6/sIL-6R might be used for the development of new stroma cell systems for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Peters
- I. Department of Medicine, Section of Pathophysiology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|