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Wang MM, Choi MR, Battistella C, Gattis B, Qiao B, Evangelopoulos M, Mirkin CA, Olvera de la Cruz M, Zhang B, Gianneschi NC. Proteomimetic Polymers Trigger Potent Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses to Limit Tumor Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14959-14971. [PMID: 38781575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Elicitation of effective antitumor immunity following cancer vaccination requires the selective activation of distinct effector cell populations and pathways. Here we report a therapeutic approach for generating potent T cell responses using a modular vaccination platform technology capable of inducing directed immune activation, termed the Protein-like Polymer (PLP). PLPs demonstrate increased proteolytic resistance, high uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and enhanced payload-specific T cell responses. Key design parameters, namely payload linkage chemistry, degree of polymerization, and side chain composition, were varied to optimize vaccine formulations. Linking antigens to the polymer backbone using an intracellularly cleaved disulfide bond copolymerized with a diluent amount of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) resulted in the highest payload-specific potentiation of antigen immunogenicity, enhancing dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen-specific T cell responses. Vaccination with PLPs carrying either gp100, E7, or adpgk peptides significantly increased the survival of mice inoculated with B16F10, TC-1, or MC38 tumors, respectively, without the need for adjuvants. B16F10-bearing mice immunized with gp100-carrying PLPs showed increased antitumor CD8+ T cell immunity, suppressed tumor growth, and treatment synergy when paired with two distinct stimulator of interferon gene (STING) agonists. In a human papillomavirus-associated TC-1 model, combination therapy with PLP and 2'3'-cGAMP resulted in 40% of mice completely eliminating implanted tumors while also displaying curative protection from rechallenge, consistent with conferment of lasting immunological memory. Finally, PLPs can be stored long-term in a lyophilized state and are highly tunable, underscoring the unique properties of the platform for use as generalizable cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mi-Ran Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brayley Gattis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60208, United States
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Di Carlo SE, Raffenne J, Varet H, Ode A, Granados DC, Stein M, Legendre R, Tuckermann J, Bousquet C, Peduto L. Depletion of slow-cycling PDGFRα +ADAM12 + mesenchymal cells promotes antitumor immunity by restricting macrophage efferocytosis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1867-1878. [PMID: 37798557 PMCID: PMC10602852 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to survive and thrive in conditions of limited resources and high inflammation is a major driver of tumor malignancy. Here we identified slow-cycling ADAM12+PDGFRα+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) induced at the tumor margins in mouse models of melanoma, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. Using inducible lineage tracing and transcriptomics, we demonstrated that metabolically altered ADAM12+ MSCs induced pathological angiogenesis and immunosuppression by promoting macrophage efferocytosis and polarization through overexpression of genes such as Gas6, Lgals3 and Csf1. Genetic depletion of ADAM12+ cells restored a functional tumor vasculature, reduced hypoxia and acidosis and normalized CAFs, inducing infiltration of effector T cells and growth inhibition of melanomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer, in a process dependent on TGF-β. In human cancer, ADAM12 stratifies patients with high levels of hypoxia and innate resistance mechanisms, as well as factors associated with a poor prognosis and drug resistance such as AXL. Altogether, our data show that depletion of tumor-induced slow-cycling PDGFRα+ MSCs through ADAM12 restores antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene E Di Carlo
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Raffenne
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anais Ode
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - David Cabrerizo Granados
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France.
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3
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Yang W, Pang Y, Wang X, Lai Z, Lu Y, Zheng S, Wang W. A novel CTLA-4 blocking strategy based on nanobody enhances the activity of dendritic cell vaccine-stimulated antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:406. [PMID: 37419930 PMCID: PMC10328924 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of CTLA-4 blocking in cancer treatment, the use of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies still faces many limitations. Now, immune checkpoint blocking coupled with adoptive cell therapy is gaining much attention. In this paper, we reported a strategy on the basis of anti-CTLA-4 nanobody (Nb)-modified liposomes to improve these obstacles. An Nb36/liposome complex was constructed and utilized as a blocker of the CTLA-4/B7 signal pathway in a combination with dendritic cell (DC)/tumor fusion vaccine to enhance the CD8+ T cell cytokine secretion, activation, proliferation, as well as specific cytotoxicity. Moreover, the CD8+ T cells induced by LPS-Nb36 and DC/tumor fusion vaccine led to higher CD8+ T cell effector function in vivo, which significantly retarded tumor growth and lengthened survival of tumor-bearing mice (HepG2, A549, and MGC-803). Our data demonstrate that the anti-CTLA-4 Nb-modified liposomes in connection with DC/tumor fusion vaccines enhance the CD8+ T cell antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and is expected to be an alternative therapy for patients with malignancies that have T cell dysfunction or have poor treatment against anti-CTLA-4 mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yang
- Public Research Center of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Tumor Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Yanyang Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Haikou Third People's Hospital, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Zhiheng Lai
- Department of Anorectal, Hainan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yanda Lu
- Tumor Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China.
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Tumor Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Wu Wang
- Public Research Center of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
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Kennedy BC, Dean I, Withers DR. Migration of stem-like CD8 T cells between tissue microenvironments underpins successful anti-tumour immune responses. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad004. [PMID: 37008996 PMCID: PMC10052398 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade in some patients has transformed treatment approaches in cancer and offers the hope of durable curative responses. Building from studies of chronic infection, the composition of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and in particular, the spectrum of exhausted CD8 T cells has now been characterized in detail, profiling the phenotype, function, transcriptional regulation and even the epigenetic changes. However, what remains less clear is how intratumoural immune cells interface with populations in the periphery, both in terms of sustaining the response in cancer, but also in establishing systemic memory responses that can provide long-term protection. Here we will succinctly review the current understanding of the anti-tumour response, consider the tissue microenvironments that support key cellular subsets and the extent to which cellular migration between these sites impacts the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany C Kennedy
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isaac Dean
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Biswas N, Chakrabarti S, Padul V, Jones LD, Ashili S. Designing neoantigen cancer vaccines, trials, and outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105420. [PMID: 36845151 PMCID: PMC9947792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoantigen vaccines are based on epitopes of antigenic parts of mutant proteins expressed in cancer cells. These highly immunogenic antigens may trigger the immune system to combat cancer cells. Improvements in sequencing technology and computational tools have resulted in several clinical trials of neoantigen vaccines on cancer patients. In this review, we have looked into the design of the vaccines which are undergoing several clinical trials. We have discussed the criteria, processes, and challenges associated with the design of neoantigens. We searched different databases to track the ongoing clinical trials and their reported outcomes. We observed, in several trials, the vaccines boost the immune system to combat the cancer cells while maintaining a reasonable margin of safety. Detection of neoantigens has led to the development of several databases. Adjuvants also play a catalytic role in improving the efficacy of the vaccine. Through this review, we can conclude that the efficacy of vaccines can make it a potential treatment across different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Biswas
- Rhenix Lifesciences, Hyderabad, India,*Correspondence: Nupur Biswas, ;
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Menon T, Gopal S, Rastogi Verma S. Targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer and the potential role of AI interventions in cancer treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:344-356. [PMID: 35609005 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is the most prevalent lung cancer, and almost three-fourths of patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage directly. In this stage, chemotherapy gives only a 15% 5-year survival rate. As people have varied symptoms and reactions to a specific cancer type, treatment for the tumor is likely to fall short, complicating cancer therapy. Immunotherapy is a breakthrough treatment involving drugs targeting novel immune checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, along with combination therapies. In addition, the utility of engineered CAR-T and CAR-NK cells can be an effective strategy to promote the immune response against tumors. The concept of personalized cancer vaccines with the discovery of neoantigens loaded on dendritic cell vectors can also be an effective approach to cure cancer. Advances in genetic engineering tools like CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of T cells to enhance their effector function is another ray of hope. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments in cancer immunotherapy, which can be used in first- and second-line treatments in the clinical space. Further, the intervention of artificial intelligence to detect cancer tumors at an initial stage with the help of machine learning techniques is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarunya Menon
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Shubhang Gopal
- Department of Information Technology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Lee WC, Cheng CH, Lee CF, Hsu HY, Hsu PY, Wu TJ, Chan KM. Enhancement of dendritic cell immunotherapy by recalling antigens for hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1225-1236. [PMID: 36097695 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-immunotherapy for large hepatoma in mice is unsatisfactory. Materials & methods: DC-based immunotherapy was used to treat Hepa1-6 tumors measuring 6 ± 1 mm in diameter, enhanced by boosting tumor antigens. Results: CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were contracted and transformed into memory phenotypic cells after DC-based vaccination. When T-cells were re-stimulated, T-cells obtained from mice boosted by tumor antigen injection showed highest proliferation capacity. When mice with large tumors were treated, DC-based vaccination boosted by tumor antigen and an additional DC-infusion yielded curative rates of 50% and 23.1%, respectively. Conclusion: DC vaccination induced effector memory cells. Antigen presentation recalled by DC or tumor antigens increased the curative rate in mice with large tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Lee
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Cheng
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Lee
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ying Hsu
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yueh Hsu
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jung Wu
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Chan
- Division of Liver & Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Nakamura T, Haloho SEE, Harashima H. Intravenous liposomal vaccine enhances CTL generation, but not until antigen presentation. J Control Release 2022; 343:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Biological Selenium Nano-particles Modify Immune Responses of Macrophages Exposed to Bladder Tumor Antigens. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Eisendle K, Weinlich G, Ebner S, Forstner M, Reider D, Zelle‐Rieser C, Tripp CH, Fritsch P, Stoitzner P, Romani N, Nguyen VA. Combining chemotherapy and autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cells provides survival benefit in stage IV melanoma patients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:1270-1277. [PMID: 33197129 PMCID: PMC7756560 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We examined retrospectively whether the combination of standard dacarbazine (DTIC) and/or fotemustine chemotherapy and autologous peptide-loaded dendritic cell (DC) vaccination may improve survival of stage IV melanoma patients. Furthermore, a small cohort of long-term survivors was studied in more detail. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1998 and 2008, 41 patients were vaccinated at least three times with DCs while receiving chemotherapy and compared to all other 168 patients in our database who only received chemotherapy (1993-2008). RESULTS Median life expectancy of patients receiving additional DC-vaccination was 18 months, compared to eleven months for patients under standard chemotherapy alone. In contrast to patients with other haplotypes, the HLA-A1/A1 subset of DC-treated patients showed significantly lower median survival (12 vs. 25 months). Autoantibodies were frequently detected in serum of both vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients, and there was no correlation between titers, loss or appearance of autoantibodies and survival. Additionally, phenotyping of DCs and PBMCs also did not reveal any conspicuous correlation with survival. CONCLUSIONS Combining standard chemotherapy and DC vaccination appears superior to chemotherapy alone. The impact of HLA haplotypes on survival emphasizes the importance of a careful selection of patients with specific, well-defined HLA haplotypes for future vaccination trials using peptide-pulsed DCs, possibly combined with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eisendle
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Dermatology and VenerologyCentral Hospital of BolzanoItaly
| | - Georg Weinlich
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of VisceralTransplant and Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Markus Forstner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Daniela Reider
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Claudia Zelle‐Rieser
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Peter Fritsch
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Van Anh Nguyen
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Eisendle K, Weinlich G, Ebner S, Forstner M, Reider D, Zelle‐Rieser C, Tripp CH, Fritsch P, Stoitzner P, Romani N, Nguyen VA. Kombination von Chemotherapie und autologen, Peptid‐beladenen dendritischen Zellen bringt Überlebensvorteil bei Melanompatienten im Stadium IV. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:1270-1279. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14334_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eisendle
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
- Abteilung Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Zentrales Lehrkrankenhaus Bolzano/Bozen Südtiroler Sanitätsbetriebe Bolzano/Bozen Italia
| | - Georg Weinlich
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
- Universitätsklinik Klinik für Visceral‐ Transplantations‐ und Thoraxchirurgie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Markus Forstner
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Daniela Reider
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Claudia Zelle‐Rieser
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Peter Fritsch
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Van Anh Nguyen
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Österreich
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12
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Shahnazari M, Samadi P, Pourjafar M, Jalali A. Therapeutic vaccines for colorectal cancer: The progress and future prospect. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106944. [PMID: 33182032 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are usually derived from the patient's tumor cells or the antigens found on their surface, which may help the immune system to identify and kill these malignant cells. Current focus of many researches is designing vaccines with the hope of triggering the immune system to attack cancer cells in a more effective, reliable and safe manner. Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as the third leading cause of death by cancer, but significant advances in therapy strategies have been made in recent years, including cancer vaccine. In this review, we present various vaccine platforms that have been used in the border battle against CRC, some of which have been approved for clinical use and some are in late-stage clinical trials. Until September 2020 there is approximately 1940 clinical trials of cancer vaccines on patients with different cancer types, and also many more trials are in the planning stages, which makes it the most important period of therapeutic cancer vaccines studies in the history of the immunotherapy. In cancer vaccines clinical trials, there are several considerations that must be taken into account including engineering of antigen-presenting cells, potential toxicity of antigenic areas, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vaccines, and monitoring of the patients' immune response. Therefore, the need to overcome immunosuppression mechanisms/immune tolerance is a critical step for the success of introducing therapeutic vaccines into the widely used drugs on market. In this way, better understanding of neoantigens, tumor immune surveillance escape mechanisms and host-tumor interactions are required to develop more effective and safe cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahnazari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mona Pourjafar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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13
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Yamamoto Y, Morita D, Shima Y, Midorikawa A, Mizutani T, Suzuki J, Mori N, Shiina T, Inoko H, Tanaka Y, Mikami B, Sugita M. Identification and Structure of an MHC Class I-Encoded Protein with the Potential to Present N-Myristoylated 4-mer Peptides to T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:3349-3358. [PMID: 31043477 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Similar to host proteins, N-myristoylation occurs for viral proteins to dictate their pathological function. However, this lipid-modifying reaction creates a novel class of "lipopeptide" Ags targeted by host CTLs. The primate MHC class I-encoded protein, Mamu-B*098, was previously shown to bind N-myristoylated 5-mer peptides. Nevertheless, T cells exist that recognize even shorter lipopeptides, and much remains to be elucidated concerning the molecular mechanisms of lipopeptide presentation. We, in this study, demonstrate that the MHC class I allele, Mamu-B*05104, binds the N-myristoylated 4-mer peptide (C14-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile) derived from the viral Nef protein for its presentation to CTLs. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that these classical MHC class I alleles are not closely associated; however, the high-resolution x-ray crystallographic analyses indicate that both molecules share lipid-binding structures defined by the exceptionally large, hydrophobic B pocket to accommodate the acylated glycine (G1) as an anchor. The C-terminal isoleucine (I4) of C14-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile anchors at the F pocket, which is distinct from that of Mamu-B*098 and is virtually identical to that of the peptide-presenting MHC class I molecule, HLA-B51. The two central amino acid residues (G2 and A3) are only exposed externally for recognition by T cells, and the methyl side chain on A3 constitutes a major T cell epitope, underscoring that the epitopic diversity is highly limited for lipopeptides as compared with that for MHC class I-presented long peptides. These structural features suggest that lipopeptide-presenting MHC class I alleles comprise a distinct MHC class I subset that mediates an alternative pathway for CTL activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Molecular Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morita
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Molecular Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Shima
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Molecular Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Midorikawa
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Molecular Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Mizutani
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Molecular Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; and
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugita
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Molecular Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Wang Y, Zhu J, Yu W, Wang J, Xia K, Liang C, Tao H. Allogenic γδ T cell and tumor cell fused vaccine for enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy of osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2018; 21:100214. [PMID: 32368439 PMCID: PMC7184232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2018.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells have displayed their potential in cancer immunity through efficient tumor killing activities. Besides, they are also known for their capacity of antigen presentation. How to improve γδ T cells' immunotherapeutic effect as the cell vaccine is still a great challenge. Herein, we explore the human γδ T cells and tumor cell fused vaccine for enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy of osteosarcoma. The fusion cell vaccine was prepared by chemical fusion between human γδ T cells and inactive osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells. The fusion process was confirmed by microscopy observation, and flow cytometry analysis further validated the antigen presenting functions of the fusion cells. Moreover, the immunotherapeutic potential of the fusion cells was then verified via cytotoxicity assay and cytokine release detection. Our study provided novel immunotherapeutic strategy for patients with osteosarcoma, which merits further practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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15
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Wang C, Sun P, Wang G, Yuan P, Jiang R, Wang W, Huang W, Fan Q. Conjugated Polymer Brush Based on Poly(l-lysine) with Efficient Ovalbumin Delivery for Dendritic Cell Vaccine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1972-1982. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gaina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengcheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongcui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Lab of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province & School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Lazăr DC, Avram MF, Romoșan I, Cornianu M, Tăban S, Goldiș A. Prognostic significance of tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy: Novel insights and future perspectives in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3583-3616. [PMID: 30166856 PMCID: PMC6113718 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i32.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a decrease in gastric cancer incidence, the development of novel biologic agents and combined therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of gastric cancer remains poor. Recently, the introduction of modern immunotherapy, especially using immune checkpoint inhibitors, led to an improved prognosis in many cancers. The use of immunotherapy was also associated with manageable adverse event profiles and promising results in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, especially in heavily pretreated patients. These data have led to an accelerated approval of some checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Understanding the complex relationship between the host immune microenvironment and tumor and the immune escape phenomenon leading to cancer occurrence and progression will subsequently lead to the identification of prognostic immune markers. Furthermore, this understanding will result in the discovery of both new mechanisms for blocking tumor immunosuppressive signals and pathways to stimulate the local immune response by targeting and modulating different subsets of immune cells. Due to the molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancers associated with different clinico-biologic parameters, immune markers expression and prognosis, novel immunotherapy algorithms should be personalized and addressed to selected subsets of gastric tumors, which have been proven to elicit the best clinical responses. Future perspectives in the treatment of gastric cancer include tailored dual immunotherapies or a combination of immunotherapy with other targeted agents with synergistic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cornelia Lazăr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Timişoara 300041, Timiş County, Romania
| | - Mihaela Flavia Avram
- Department of Surgery X, 1st Surgery Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Timişoara 300041, Timiş County, Romania
| | - Ioan Romoșan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Timişoara 300041, Timiş County, Romania
| | - Mărioara Cornianu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Timişoara 300041, Timiş County, Romania
| | - Sorina Tăban
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Timişoara 300041, Timiş County, Romania
| | - Adrian Goldiș
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Timişoara 300041, Timiş County, Romania
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17
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Hossain MK, Vartak A, Karmakar P, Sucheck SJ, Wall KA. Augmenting Vaccine Immunogenicity through the Use of Natural Human Anti-rhamnose Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2130-2142. [PMID: 29916701 PMCID: PMC6103300 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Utilizing
natural antibodies to augment vaccine immunogenicity
is a promising approach toward cancer immunotherapy. Anti-rhamnose
(anti-Rha) antibodies are some of the most common natural anti-carbohydrate
antibodies present in human serum. Therefore, rhamnose can be utilized
as a targeting moiety for a rhamnose-containing vaccine to prepare
an effective vaccine formulation. It was shown previously that anti-Rha
antibody generated in mice binds effectively with Rha-conjugated vaccine
and is picked up by antigen presenting cells (APCs) through stimulatory
Fc receptors. This leads to the effective uptake and processing of
antigen and eventually presentation by major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) molecules. In this article, we show that natural human anti-Rha
antibodies can also be used in a similar mechanism and immunogenicity
can be enhanced by targeting Rha-conjugated antigens. In doing so,
we have purified human anti-Rha antibodies from human serum using
a rhamnose affinity column. In vitro, human anti-Rha
antibodies are shown to enhance the uptake of a model antigen, Rha-ovalbumin
(Rha-Ova), by APCs. In vivo, they improved the priming
of CD4+ T cells to Rha-Ova in comparison to non-anti-Rha human antibodies.
Additionally, increased priming of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells toward
the cancer antigen MUC1-Tn was observed in mice that received human
anti-Rha antibodies prior to vaccination with a rhamnose-modified
MUC1-Tn cancer vaccine. The vaccine conjugate contained Pam3CysSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist linked via copper-free cycloaddition chemistry to a 20-amino-acid
glycopeptide derived from the tumor marker MUC-1 containing the tumor-associated
carbohydrate antigen α-N-acetyl galactosamine
(GalNAc). The primed CD8+ T cells released IFN-γ and killed
tumor cells. Therefore, we have confirmed that human anti-Rha antibodies
can be effectively utilized as a targeting moiety for making an effective
vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain
- Dept. of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Abhishek Vartak
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Katherine A. Wall
- Dept. of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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18
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Sánchez-Paulete AR, Teijeira A, Cueto FJ, Garasa S, Pérez-Gracia JL, Sánchez-Arráez A, Sancho D, Melero I. Antigen cross-presentation and T-cell cross-priming in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:xii44-xii55. [PMID: 28945841 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main professional antigen-presenting cells for induction of T-cell adaptive responses. Cancer cells express tumor antigens, including neoantigens generated by nonsynonymous mutations, but are poor for antigen presentation and for providing costimulatory signals for T-cell priming. Mounting evidence suggests that antigen transfer to DCs and their surrogate presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules together with costimulatory signals is paramount for induction of viral and cancer immunity. Of the great diversity of DCs, BATF3/IRF8-dependent conventional DCs type 1 (cDC1) excel at cross-presentation of tumor cell-associated antigens. Location of cDC1s in the tumor correlates with improved infiltration by CD8+ T cells and tumor-specific T-cell immunity. Indeed, cDC1s are crucial for antitumor efficacy using checkpoint inhibitors and anti-CD137 agonist monoclonal antibodies in mouse models. Enhancement and exploitation of T-cell cross-priming by cDC1s offer opportunities for improved cancer immunotherapy, including in vivo targeting of tumor antigens to internalizing receptors on cDC1s and strategies to increase their numbers, activation and priming capacity within tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sánchez-Paulete
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - A Teijeira
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - F J Cueto
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid
| | - S Garasa
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - J L Pérez-Gracia
- University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Arráez
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - D Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid
| | - I Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona.,University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Tang M, Liu Y, Zhang QC, Zhang P, Wu JK, Wang JN, Ruan Y, Huang Y. Antitumor efficacy of the Runx2-dendritic cell vaccine in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2813-2822. [PMID: 30127867 PMCID: PMC6096217 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and limited effective treatment. The rise in immunotherapeutic strategies prompted the establishment of a genetic vaccine against TNBC in vitro using a possible biological marker of TNBC. In the present study, different detection methods were used to evaluate the distribution and expression of runt-associated transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in various breast cancer cell lines. Following the development of the Runx2-dendritic cell (DC) vaccine using a lentivirus, the transfection efficacy was recorded. The T lymphocytes co-cultured with the vaccine were collected to assess the antitumor potency. Increased levels of Runx2 were expressed in breast cancer cells; however, different breast cancer cell lines expressed various levels of Runx2. Runx2 demonstrated particularly high expression in TNBC cells, compared with non-TNBC cells. A Runx2 lentivirus transfection system was successfully engineered, and Runx2 was transduced into dendritic cells whilst maintaining stable expression. The sustained and stable cytotoxic T cells induced in the transfected group had higher and more specific antitumor efficacy against TNBC, compared with the other cell lines. Runx2 may be a novel target for TNBC treatment. The Runx2-DC vaccine may induce specific and efficient antitumor effects in TNBC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Chu Zhang
- Department of VIP, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lingnan Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jue-Kun Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ni Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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20
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Mayordomo JI, Andres R, Isla MD, Murillo L, Cajal R, Yubero A, Blasco C, Lasierra P, Palomera L, Fuertes MA, Güemes A, Sousa R, Garcia-Prats MD, Escudero P, Saenz A, Godino J, Marco I, Saez B, Visus C, Asin L, Valdivia G, Larrad L, Tres A. Results of a Pilot Trial of Immunotherapy with Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Autologous Tumor Lysates in Patients with Advanced Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 93:26-30. [PMID: 17455868 DOI: 10.1177/030089160709300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The purpose of the study was to test the immunological and clinical effects of infusions of dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumor lysate in patients with advanced cancer. Patients and methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 patients with metastatic cancer (melanoma in 10, lung cancer in 2, renal cell carcinoma in 1, sarcoma in 1, breast cancer in 1) were harvested by leukapheresis after mobilization with GM-CSF (5 μg/kg/day s.c. for 4 days). Mononuclear cells were separated and cultured in GM-CSF (1000 U/ml) and interleukin-4 (1000 U/ml) for 7 days. Phenotype was assessed by 2-color flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. On day 6, dendritic cells were pulsed with 1 g of fresh autologous tumor lysate for 24 h and infused intravenously. Interleukin-2 (6 million IU), interferon a (4 million IU) and GM-CSF (400 μg) were injected s.c. daily for 10 days beginning on the day of dendritic cell infusion. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for 3 courses. Results The morphology, immunocytochemistry and phenotype of cultured cells was consistent with dendritic cells: intense positivity for HLA-DR and CD86, with negativity for markers of other lineages, including CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD14. More than 5 × 107 dendritic cells were injected in all patients. Nine patients developed >5 mm delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to tumor lysate ± GM-CSF after the first immunization (larger than GM-CSF in all cases). Median delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity to lysate + GM-CSF was 3 cm after the third immunization. One melanoma patient with skin, liver, lung and bone metastases had a partial response lasting 8 months (followed by progression in the brain). Seven patients had stable disease for >3 months, and 7 had progression. Conclusions Infusion of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells induces a strong cell-mediated antitumor immune reaction in patients with advanced cancer and has some clinical activity.
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21
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Handy CE, Antonarakis ES. Sipuleucel-T for the treatment of prostate cancer: novel insights and future directions. Future Oncol 2017; 14:907-917. [PMID: 29260582 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T, an autologous cellular immunotherapy manufactured from antigen-presenting cells primed to recognize prostatic acid phosphatase, was the first immunotherapy product approved by the US FDA. It was approved for men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after it was shown to provide a survival advantage. Additional studies have examined its use in other clinical settings and in combination with other approved and investigational immunotherapy agents. This review will discuss the pivotal trials leading to approval, will outline some of the biomarkers associated with its efficacy and will review some of the ongoing combination strategies. Maximizing the efficacy of sipuleucel-T through better patient selection or through combination approaches remains the challenge of the future.
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22
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Schaller TH, Batich KA, Suryadevara CM, Desai R, Sampson JH. Chemokines as adjuvants for immunotherapy: implications for immune activation with CCL3. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:1049-1060. [PMID: 28965431 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1384313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy embodies any approach that manipulates the immune system for therapeutic benefit. In this regard, various clinical trials have employed direct vaccination with patient-specific dendritic cells or adoptive T cell therapy to target highly aggressive tumors. Both modalities have demonstrated great specificity, an advantage that is unmatched by other treatment strategies. However, their full potential has yet to be realized. Areas covered: In this review, we provide an overview of chemokines in pathogen and anti-tumor immune responses and discuss further improving immunotherapies by arming particular chemokine axes. Expert commentary: The chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α, CCL3) has emerged as a potent activator of both innate and adaptive responses. Specifically, CCL3 plays a critical role in recruiting distinct immune phenotypes to intratumoral sites, is a pivotal player in regulating lymph node homing of dendritic cell subsets, and induces antigen-specific T cell responses. The recent breadth of literature outlines the various interactions of CCL3 with these cellular subsets, which have now served as a basis for immunotherapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teilo H Schaller
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Kristen A Batich
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Carter M Suryadevara
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Rupen Desai
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - John H Sampson
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Radiation Oncology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,d Department of Immunology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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23
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Drug-eluting scaffold inhibited in vivo pancreatic tumorigenesis by engaging murine CCR4 +CD8 + T cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:469-473. [PMID: 28732312 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CCL17 is well known for its ability to engage CCR4+CD8+ T cells, which have been shown to play a critical role in preventing tumorigenesis. In this study, we attempted to inhibit in vivo pancreatic tumorigenesis by engaging murine CCR4+CD8+ T cells through a drug-eluting scaffold with a payload of CCL17. The drug-eluting scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning polyglyconate and porcine gelatin. The electrospun scaffold featured randomly distributed non-woven fibers with diameters ranging from 1μm to 4μm. The in vitro study confirmed that scaffolding materials were non-cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells. The in vivo study showed an increased presence of murine CCR4+CD8+ T cells into the tumor mass treated with drug-eluting scaffold compared to those with non-eluting scaffold or the control groups. The weights of tumor masses were 132.04mg±12.25mg in the control group, 158.12mg±18.98mg in the NES group and 96.22mg±14.56mg in the DES group, respectively. The volumes of tumor masses were 1035.21mm3±128.97mm3 in the control group, 978.56mm3±110.19mm3 in the NES group and 634.35mm3±87.12mm3 in the DES group, respectively. Further study showed that the increased presence of CCR4+CD8+ T cells also inhibited the hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Our study shed a new light on the post-operative treatment of pancreatic cancer to prevent the recurrence.
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24
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Markov OV, Mironova NL, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA. Antitumor Vaccines Based on Dendritic Cells: From Experiments using Animal Tumor Models to Clinical Trials. Acta Naturae 2017; 9:27-38. [PMID: 29104773 PMCID: PMC5662271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The routine methods used to treat oncological diseases have a number of drawbacks, including non-specific action and severe side effects for patients. Furthermore, tumor diseases are associated with a suppression of the immune system that often leads to the inefficiency of standard treatment methods. The development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches having specific antitumor action and that activate the immune system is of crucial importance. Vaccines based on dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor antigens ex vivo that can activate antitumor cytotoxic T-cell responses stand out among different antitumor immunotherapeutic approaches. This review is focused on analyzing different methods of DC-based vaccine preparation and current research in antitumor DC-based vaccines using animal tumor models and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - N. L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - V. V. Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - M. A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
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25
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Ando K, Fujita H, Hosoi A, Ma L, Wakatsuki M, Seino KI, Kakimi K, Imai T, Shimokawa T, Nakano T. Intravenous dendritic cell administration enhances suppression of lung metastasis induced by carbon-ion irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:446-455. [PMID: 28339788 PMCID: PMC5570007 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an advanced radiotherapy and has achieved good local control, even in tumors that are resistant to conventional photon beam radiotherapy (PBRT). However, distant metastasis control is an important issue. Recently, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has attracted the attention. In immunotherapy, dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the anti-tumor immune system. However, the mechanisms underlying the combination therapy of DCs and radiotherapy have been unclear. In the present study, we evaluated anti-metastatic effects of this combination therapy, focused on the irradiation type and the route of DC administration, using a mouse model. C3H/He mice bearing NR-S1 cells were treated with CIRT or PBRT, using biologically equivalent doses. Subsequently, DCs were administered intratumorally (IT) or intravenously (IV). IV and IT DC administrations combined with CIRT to the local tumor, but not alone, significantly suppressed pulmonary metastasis, whereas the combination of DCs with PBRT suppressed metastasis at a relatively higher dose. Additionally, the anti-metastatic effect was greater in IV DC administration compared with in IT DC administration in both CIRT and PBRT. The expression levels of CD40 and IL-12 in DCs were significantly increased after co-culturing with CIRT-treated NR-S1 cells. In addition, IV administration of those co-cultured DCs significantly suppressed pulmonary metastasis. Furthermore, ecto-calreticulin levels from CIRT-treated NR-S1 cells significantly increased compared with those of a PBRT-treated tumor. Taken together, these results suggest that local CIRT combined with IV DCs augments an immunogenicity of the tumor cells by ecto-calreticulin expression and the maturation of DCs to stimulate anti-tumor immunity to decrease lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ando
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Fujita
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoi
- Department of Immunotherapeutic, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Liqiu Ma
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutic, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Corresponding author. Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Tel: +81-43-206-4048; Fax: +81-43-206- 6267;
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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26
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Bekeschus S, Rödder K, Fregin B, Otto O, Lippert M, Weltmann KD, Wende K, Schmidt A, Gandhirajan RK. Toxicity and Immunogenicity in Murine Melanoma following Exposure to Physical Plasma-Derived Oxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4396467. [PMID: 28761621 PMCID: PMC5518506 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4396467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive and deadly disease. Therapeutic advance has been achieved by antitumor chemo- and radiotherapy. These modalities involve the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, affecting cellular viability, migration, and immunogenicity. Such species are also created by cold physical plasma, an ionized gas capable of redox modulating cells and tissues without thermal damage. Cold plasma has been suggested for anticancer therapy. Here, melanoma cell toxicity, motility, and immunogenicity of murine metastatic melanoma cells were investigated following plasma exposure in vitro. Cells were oxidized by plasma, leading to decreased metabolic activity and cell death. Moreover, plasma decelerated melanoma cell growth, viability, and cell cycling. This was accompanied by increased cellular stiffness and upregulation of zonula occludens 1 protein in the cell membrane. Importantly, expression levels of immunogenic cell surface molecules such as major histocompatibility complex I, calreticulin, and melanocortin receptor 1 were significantly increased in response to plasma. Finally, plasma treatment significantly decreased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, a molecule with importance in angiogenesis. Altogether, these results suggest beneficial toxicity of cold plasma in murine melanomas with a concomitant immunogenicity of potential interest in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Rödder
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bob Fregin
- ZIK HIKE, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- ZIK HIKE, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maxi Lippert
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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27
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Li Q, Liu Q. Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Immunology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 927:243-64. [PMID: 27376738 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunology is the study of interaction between cancer cells and immune system by the application of immunology principle and theory. With the recent approval of several new drugs targeting immune checkpoints in cancer, cancer immunology has become a very attractive field of research and is thought to be the new hope to conquer cancer. This chapter introduces the aberrant expression and function of noncoding RNAs, mainly microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and their significance in tumor immunity. It also illustrates how noncoding RNAs are shuttled between tumor cells and immune cells in tumor microenvironments via exosomes or other microvesicles to modulate tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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28
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Lee JM, Lee MH, Garon E, Goldman JW, Salehi-Rad R, Baratelli FE, Schaue D, Wang G, Rosen F, Yanagawa J, Walser TC, Lin Y, Park SJ, Adams S, Marincola FM, Tumeh PC, Abtin F, Suh R, Reckamp KL, Lee G, Wallace WD, Lee S, Zeng G, Elashoff DA, Sharma S, Dubinett SM. Phase I Trial of Intratumoral Injection of CCL21 Gene-Modified Dendritic Cells in Lung Cancer Elicits Tumor-Specific Immune Responses and CD8 + T-cell Infiltration. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4556-4568. [PMID: 28468947 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: A phase I study was conducted to determine safety, clinical efficacy, and antitumor immune responses in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) following intratumoral administration of autologous dendritic cells (DC) transduced with an adenoviral (Ad) vector expressing the CCL21 gene (Ad-CCL21-DC). We evaluated safety and tumor antigen-specific immune responses following in situ vaccination (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01574222).Experimental Design: Sixteen stage IIIB/IV NSCLC subjects received two vaccinations (1 × 106, 5 × 106, 1 × 107, or 3 × 107 DCs/injection) by CT- or bronchoscopic-guided intratumoral injections (days 0 and 7). Immune responses were assessed by tumor antigen-specific peripheral blood lymphocyte induction of IFNγ in ELISPOT assays. Tumor biopsies were evaluated for CD8+ T cells by IHC and for PD-L1 expression by IHC and real-time PCR (RT-PCR).Results: Twenty-five percent (4/16) of patients had stable disease at day 56. Median survival was 3.9 months. ELISPOT assays revealed 6 of 16 patients had systemic responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Tumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration was induced in 54% of subjects (7/13; 3.4-fold average increase in the number of CD8+ T cells per mm2). Patients with increased CD8+ T cells following vaccination showed significantly increased PD-L1 mRNA expression.Conclusions: Intratumoral vaccination with Ad-CCL21-DC resulted in (i) induction of systemic tumor antigen-specific immune responses; (ii) enhanced tumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration; and (iii) increased tumor PD-L1 expression. Future studies will evaluate the role of combination therapies with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition combined with DC-CCL21 in situ vaccination. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4556-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mi-Heon Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward Garon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan W Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ramin Salehi-Rad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Felicita E Baratelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerald Wang
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fran Rosen
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tonya C Walser
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ying Lin
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stacy J Park
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharon Adams
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Paul C Tumeh
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fereidoun Abtin
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Suh
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Gina Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - William D Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - David A Elashoff
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biostatistics, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sherven Sharma
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Mokarram P, Albokashy M, Zarghooni M, Moosavi MA, Sepehri Z, Chen QM, Hudecki A, Sargazi A, Alizadeh J, Moghadam AR, Hashemi M, Movassagh H, Klonisch T, Owji AA, Łos MJ, Ghavami S. New frontiers in the treatment of colorectal cancer: Autophagy and the unfolded protein response as promising targets. Autophagy 2017; 13:781-819. [PMID: 28358273 PMCID: PMC5446063 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1290751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts, still remains a major life-threatening malignancy. CRC etiology entails both genetic and environmental factors. Macroautophagy/autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of cellular responses to environmental and genetic stresses. Both pathways are interconnected and regulate cellular responses to apoptotic stimuli. In this review, we address the epidemiology and risk factors of CRC, including genetic mutations leading to the occurrence of the disease. Next, we discuss mutations of genes related to autophagy and the UPR in CRC. Then, we discuss how autophagy and the UPR are involved in the regulation of CRC and how they associate with obesity and inflammatory responses in CRC. Finally, we provide perspectives for the modulation of autophagy and the UPR as new therapeutic options for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- a Colorectal Research Center and Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammed Albokashy
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- c Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran.,d University of Toronto Alumni , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- e Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Sepehri
- c Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
| | - Qi Min Chen
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | | | | | - Javad Alizadeh
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- g Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Hesam Movassagh
- h Department of Immunology , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Ali Akbar Owji
- i Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Shiraz Medical University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Marek J Łos
- j Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland ; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB , Sweden
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,k Health Policy Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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30
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Davis ID, Quirk J, Morris L, Seddon L, Tai TY, Whitty G, Cavicchiolo T, Ebert L, Jackson H, Browning J, MacGregor D, Wittke F, Winkels G, Alex R, Miloradovic L, Maraskovsky E, Chen W, Cebon J. A pilot study of peripheral blood BDCA-1 (CD1c) positive dendritic cells pulsed with NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:249-259. [PMID: 28183192 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Pilot clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 (ESO) protein in ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant pulsed onto peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDC), to ascertain feasibility, evaluate toxicity and assess induction of ESO-specific immune responses. PATIENTS & METHODS Eligible participants had resected cancers expressing ESO or LAGE-1 and were at high risk of relapse. PBDC were produced using CliniMACS®plus, with initial depletion of CD1c+ B cells followed by positive selection of CD1c+ PBDC. Patients received three intradermal vaccinations of ESO/IMX-pulsed PBDC at 4-week intervals. RESULTS The process was feasible and safe. No vaccine-induced immune responses were detected. Assays of immunomodulatory cells did not correlate with outcomes. One patient had a long lasting complete remission. CONCLUSION This method was feasible and safe but was minimally immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Davis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia.,Austin Health, Department of Medical Oncology, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Level 2, 5 Arnold St, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia.,Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juliet Quirk
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leone Morris
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Seddon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tsin Yee Tai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Lisa Ebert
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Judy Browning
- Austin Health, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Duncan MacGregor
- Austin Health, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugene Maraskovsky
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia.,CSL Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia.,Austin Health, Department of Medical Oncology, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Shi GN, Zhang CN, Xu R, Niu JF, Song HJ, Zhang XY, Wang WW, Wang YM, Li C, Wei XQ, Kong DL. Enhanced antitumor immunity by targeting dendritic cells with tumor cell lysate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles vaccine. Biomaterials 2017; 113:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Novel Therapies and Future Directions in Treatment of Musculoskeletal Sarcomas. Sarcoma 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43121-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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33
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Hood JL. The association of exosomes with lymph nodes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:29-38. [PMID: 27916565 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells produce extracellular nanovesicles known as exosomes that transport information between tissue microenvironments. Exosomes can engage and regulate the function of various immune cell types facilitating both normal and pathological processes. It follows that exosomes should also associate with lymph nodes containing immune cells. Herein, data derived from investigations that incorporate experiments pertaining to the trafficking of exosomes to lymph nodes is reviewed. Within lymph nodes, direct evidence demonstrates that exosomes associate with dendritic cells, subcapsular sinus macrophages, B lymphocytes and stromal cells. Interactions with endothelial cells are also likely. The functional significance of these associations depends on exosome type. Continued investigations into the relationship between exosomes and lymph nodes will further our understanding of how exosomes regulate immune cells subsets and may serve to inspire new exosome based therapeutics to treat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Hood
- University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and The James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Lynch D, Murphy A. The emerging role of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:305. [PMID: 27668225 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.08.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the interaction between the immune system and the tumor microenvironment has long been a target of cancer research, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Approaches explored to date include vaccines (autologous, peptide, dendritic cell, viral and bacterial), cytokine therapy, toll-like receptors (TLRs), autologous cell therapy and checkpoint inhibition. Until recently these approaches have been shown to have only modest efficacy in reducing tumor burden. However, significant breakthroughs have been made, with the use of checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Immunotherapy now represents a possible avenue of curative treatment for those with chemo-otherwise refractory tumors. Success with this approach to immunotherapy has largely been confined to tumors with high mutational burdens such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer. This observation led to the exploration and successful use of checkpoint inhibitors in those with mismatch repair colorectal cancer which have a relatively high mutational burden. Ongoing trials are focused on further exploring the use of checkpoint inhibitors in addition to investigating the various combinations of immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lynch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adrian Murphy
- Department Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Steller
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02135-2997
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Goding SR, Yu S, Bailey LM, Lotze MT, Basse PH. Adoptive transfer of natural killer cells promotes the anti-tumor efficacy of T cells. Clin Immunol 2016; 177:76-86. [PMID: 27377534 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The density of NK cells in tumors correlates positively with prognosis in many types of cancers. The average number of infiltrating NK cells is, however, quite modest (approximately 30 NK cells/sq.mm), even in tumors deemed to have a "high" density of infiltrating NK cells. It is unclear how such low numbers of tumor-infiltrating NK cells can influence outcome. Here, we used ovalbumin-expressing tumor cell lines and TCR transgenic, OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (OT-I-CTLs) to determine whether the simultaneous attack by anti-tumor CTLs and IL-2-activated NK (A-NK) cells synergistically increases the overall tumor cell kill and whether upregulation of tumor MHC class-I by NK cell-derived interferon-gamma (IFNγ) improves tumor-recognition and kill by anti-tumor CTLs. At equal E:T ratios, A-NK cells killed OVA-expressing tumor cells better than OT-I-CTLs. The cytotoxicity against OVA-expressing tumor cells increased by combining OT-I-CTLs and A-NK cells, but the increase was additive rather than synergistic. A-NK cells adenovirally-transduced to produce IL-12 (A-NKIL-12) produced high amounts of IFNγ. The addition of a low number of A-NKIL-12 cells to OT-I-CTLs resulted in a synergistic, albeit modest, increase in overall cytotoxicity. Pre-treatment of tumor cells with NK cell-conditioned medium increased tumor MHC expression and sensitivity to CTL-mediated killing. Pre-treatment of CTLs with NK cell-conditioned medium had no effect on CTL cytotoxicity. In vivo, MHC class-I expression by OVA-expressing B16 melanoma lung metastases increased significantly within 24-48h after adoptive transfer of A-NKIL-12 cells. OT-I-CTLs and A-NKIL-12 cells localized selectively and equally well into OVA-expressing B16 lung metastases and treatment of mice bearing 7-days-old OVA-B16 lung metastases with both A-NKIL-12 cells and OT-I-CTLs lead to a significant prolongation of survival. Thus, an important function of tumor-infiltrating NK cells may be to increase tumor cell expression of MHC class-I through secretion of IFNγ, to prepare them for recognition by tumor-specific CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Goding
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Shaohong Yu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lisa M Bailey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Per H Basse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPCI Cell and Tissue Imaging facility at HCC, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, The Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, USA.
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A novel dendritic cell-targeted lentiviral vector, encoding Ag85A-ESAT6 fusion gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, could elicit potent cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: What have we learned so far? Clin Chim Acta 2016; 460:78-87. [PMID: 27350293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After decades of progress based on chemotherapy and targeted agents, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer still have low long-term survival, with more than 500,000 deaths occurring worldwide every year. Recent results showing clinical evidence of efficacy using immunotherapy in other types of tumors, such as melanoma and lung cancer, have also made this a viable therapy for evaluation in colorectal cancer in clinical trials. The development of cancer immunotherapies is progressing quickly, with a variety of technological approaches. This review summarizes the current status of clinical trials testing immunotherapy in colorectal cancer and discusses what has been learned based on previous results. Immunotherapy strategies, such as various models of vaccines, effector-cell therapy and checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, provide protection against progression for a limited subset of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. A better understanding of particular immune cell types and pathways in each patient is still needed. These findings will enable the development of novel biomarkers to select the appropriate subset of patients to be treated with a particular immunotherapy, and the tendencies determined from recent results can guide clinical practice for oncologists in this new therapeutic area and in the design of the next round of clinical trials.
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Zhuang X, Wu T, Zhao Y, Hu X, Bao Y, Guo Y, Song Q, Li G, Tan S, Zhang Z. Lipid-enveloped zinc phosphate hybrid nanoparticles for codelivery of H-2K(b) and H-2D(b)-restricted antigenic peptides and monophosphoryl lipid A to induce antitumor immunity against melanoma. J Control Release 2016; 228:26-37. [PMID: 26921522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoimmunotherapy, the application of nanotechnology for sustained and targeted delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs), has attracted much attention in stimulating antigen-specific immune response for antitumor therapy. In order to in situ deliver antigens to DCs for efficient antigen presentation and subsequent induction of strong cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) response, here we developed a multi-peptide (TRP2180-188 and HGP10025-33) and toll-like receptor 4 agonist (monophosphoryl lipid A) codelivery system based on lipid-coated zinc phosphate hybrid nanoparticles (LZnP NPs). This delivery system equips with the chelating property of zinc to realize the high encapsulation efficiency with antigenic peptides and the influence on immune system with adjuvant-like feature. The combination of H-2K(b) and H-2D(b)-restricted peptides could provide multiple epitopes as the target of specific MHC alleles, making tumor more difficult to escape from the surveillance of immune system. The formulated LZnP nano-vaccine with the size of 30nm and outer leaflet lipid exhibited antitumor immunity as the secretion of cytokines in vitro and increased CD8(+) T cell response from IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis ex vivo. The antitumor effects were further evidenced from the prophylactic, therapeutic and metastatic melanoma tumor models compared with free antigens and single peptide-loaded nano-vaccines. These results validate the benefit of LZnP-based vaccine for antitumor immunity and indicate that co-delivery of tumor antigens along with adjuvant may be an optimized strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gao Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | | | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Xiao Y, Kwon KC, Hoffman BE, Kamesh A, Jones NT, Herzog RW, Daniell H. Low cost delivery of proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells to human non-immune or immune modulatory cells. Biomaterials 2016; 80:68-79. [PMID: 26706477 PMCID: PMC4706487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted oral delivery of GFP fused with a GM1 receptor binding protein (CTB) or human cell penetrating peptide (PTD) or dendritic cell peptide (DCpep) was investigated. Presence of GFP(+) intact plant cells between villi of ileum confirm their protection in the digestive system from acids/enzymes. Efficient delivery of GFP to gut-epithelial cells by PTD or CTB and to M cells by all these fusion tags confirm uptake of GFP in the small intestine. PTD fusion delivered GFP more efficiently to most tissues or organs than the other two tags. GFP was efficiently delivered to the liver by all fusion tags, likely through the gut-liver axis. In confocal imaging studies of human cell lines using purified GFP fused with different tags, GFP signal of DCpep-GFP was only detected within dendritic cells. PTD-GFP was only detected within kidney or pancreatic cells but not in immune modulatory cells (macrophages, dendritic, T, B, or mast cells). In contrast, CTB-GFP was detected in all tested cell types, confirming ubiquitous presence of GM1 receptors. Such low-cost oral delivery of protein drugs to sera, immune system or non-immune cells should dramatically lower their cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, protein purification cold storage/transportation and increase patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brad E Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aditya Kamesh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noah T Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Dendritic cell based immunotherapy using tumor stem cells mediates potent antitumor immune responses. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:175-185. [PMID: 26803056 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are demonstrated to be usually less sensitive to conventional methods of cancer therapies, resulting in tumor relapse. It is well-known that an ideal treatment would be able to selectively target and kill CSCs, so as to avoid the tumor reversion. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a dendritic cell (DC) based vaccine against CSCs in a mouse model of malignant melanoma. C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow derived DCs pulsed with a murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) or CSC lysates were used as a vaccine. Immunization of mice with CSC lysate-pulsed DCs was able to induce a significant prophylactic effect by a higher increase in lifespan and obvious depression of tumor growth in tumor bearing mice. The mice vaccinated with DCs loaded with CSC-lysate were revealed to produce specific cytotoxic responses to CSCs. The proliferation assay and cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-4) secretion of mice vaccinated with CSC lysate-pulsed DCs also showed more favorable results, when compared to those receiving B16F10 lysate-pulsed DCs. These findings suggest a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy of cancers.
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Singh PP, Sharma PK, Krishnan G, Lockhart AC. Immune checkpoints and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2015; 3:289-97. [PMID: 26510455 PMCID: PMC4650981 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major causes of death worldwide, despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past decade. Current treatment paradigms, with chemotherapy and biologics, appear to have reached their maximum benefit. Immunotherapy, especially with checkpoint inhibitors, has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers, including mismatch-repair-deficient CRC. This has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents, combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with CRC. This article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC, as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preet Paul Singh
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA and
| | - Piyush K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gayathri Krishnan
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA and
| | - A Craig Lockhart
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA and
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Xiang J, Xu L, Gong H, Zhu W, Wang C, Xu J, Feng L, Cheng L, Peng R, Liu Z. Antigen-Loaded Upconversion Nanoparticles for Dendritic Cell Stimulation, Tracking, and Vaccination in Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6401-11. [PMID: 26028363 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, which is based on efficient antigen delivery into DCs and migration of antigen-pulsed DCs to draining lymph nodes after vaccination, is an effective strategy in initiating CD8(+) T cell immunity for immunotherapy. Herein, antigen-loaded upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are used to label and stimulate DCs, which could be precisely tracked after being injected into animals and induce an antigen-specific immune response. It is discovered that a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), could be adsorbed on the surface of dual-polymer-coated UCNPs via electrostatic interaction, forming nanoparticle-antigen complexes, which are efficiently engulfed by DCs and induce DC maturation and cytokine release. Highly sensitive in vivo upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging of nanoparticle-labeled DCs is successfully carried out, observing the homing of DCs to draining lymph nodes after injection. In addition, strong antigen-specific immune responses including enhanced T cell proliferation, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated responses are induced by a nanoparticle-pulsed DC vaccine, which is promising for DC-based immunotherapy potentially against cancer.
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Uehara T, Fujiwara T, Takeda K, Kunisada T, Ozaki T, Udono H. Immunotherapy for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:820813. [PMID: 26167500 PMCID: PMC4488089 DOI: 10.1155/2015/820813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have improved clinical outcomes of patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, the prognosis of patients has plateaued over these 20 years. Immunotherapies have shown the effectiveness for several types of advanced tumors. Immunotherapies, such as cytokine therapies, vaccinations, and adoptive cell transfers, have also been investigated for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Cytokine therapies with interleukin-2 or interferons have limited efficacy because of their cytotoxicities. Liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (L-MTP-PE), an activator of the innate immune system, has been approved as adjuvant therapeutics in combination with conventional chemotherapy in Europe, which has improved the 5-year overall survival of patients. Vaccinations and transfer of T cells transduced to express chimeric antigen receptors have shown some efficacy for sarcomas. Ipilimumab and nivolumab are monoclonal antibodies designed to inhibit immune checkpoint mechanisms. These antibodies have recently been shown to be effective for patients with melanoma and also investigated for patients with sarcomas. In this review, we provide an overview of various trials of immunotherapies for bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and discuss their potential as adjuvant therapies in combination with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Center of Innovative Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Orthopaedic System, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Heiichiro Udono
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Niccolai E, Taddei A, Prisco D, Amedei A. Gastric cancer and the epoch of immunotherapy approaches. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5778-5793. [PMID: 26019442 PMCID: PMC4438012 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) fell dramatically over the last 50 years, but according to IARC-Globocan 2008, it is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths with a case fatality GC ratio higher than other common malignancies. Surgical resection is the primary curative treatment for GC though the overall 5-year survival rate remains poor (approximately 20%-25%). To improve the outcome of resectable gastric cancer, different treatment strategies have been evaluated such as adjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy. In resected gastric cancer, the addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy does not appear to provide any additional benefit. Moreover, in metastatic patients, chemotherapy is the mainstay of palliative therapy with a median overall survival of 8-10 mo and objective response rates of merely 20%-40%. Therefore, the potential for making key beneficial progress is to investigate the GC molecular biology to realize innovative therapeutic strategies, such as specific immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a panoramic view of the different immune-based strategies used for gastric cancer treatment and the results obtained in the most significant clinical trials. In detail, firstly we describe the therapeutic approaches that utilize the monoclonal antibodies while in the second part we analyze the cell-based immunotherapies.
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Koido S, Homma S, Okamoto M, Namiki Y, Takakura K, Uchiyama K, Kajihara M, Arihiro S, Imazu H, Arakawa H, Kan S, Komita H, Ito M, Ohkusa T, Gong J, Tajiri H. Fusions between dendritic cells and whole tumor cells as anticancer vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e24437. [PMID: 23762810 PMCID: PMC3667916 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various strategies have been developed to deliver tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to dendritic cells (DCs). Among these, the fusion of DCs and whole cancer cells can process a broad array of TAAs, including hitherto unidentified molecules, and present them in complex with MHC Class I and II molecules and in the context of co-stimulatory signals. DC-cancer cell fusions have been shown to stimulate potent antitumor immune responses in animal models. In early clinical trials, however, the antitumor effects of DC-cancer cell fusions are not as vigorous as in preclinical settings. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in anticancer vaccines based on DC-cancer cell fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo, Japan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo, Japan
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Lin J, Yin YY, Qin T, Zhu LQ, Yu QH, Yang Q. Enhanced immune response of BMDCs pulsed with H9N2 AIV and CpG. Vaccine 2014; 32:6783-90. [PMID: 25454862 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen presenting cells, have demonstrated effective in controlling the initial of innate immune, while CpG could improve the performance of immune system. To explore the mechanism of CpG enhancing the immune response, we compared different stimulated mouse DCs with systemic approach microarrays. Analysis revealed 1840 differentially expressed genes in H9N2 stimulated group, more than 1728 altered genes in inactive H9N2 group. Investigation also proved that CpG/inactive H9N2 co-stimulation changed 2140 genes, more than that in H9N2 group, strongly demonstrated that CpG improved the performance of inactive H9N2 vaccination. Pathways analysis founded that DCs response rapid to shift in their maturation state, which involved Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway significantly. Microarrays results were also verified by qRT-PCR with 14 elected representative genes. Further analysis proved that co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II), regulatory protein (IRF-7 and TRAF-6) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12) were all changed and involved in DCs maturation. At last we demonstrated TLR signalling pathway in chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs) stimulated with CpG. The distinct transcriptional profiles of DCs pulsed with various stimuli expanded our understanding of how DCs respond and recognize influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yin Y Yin
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Q Zhu
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing H Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China.
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Cruz LJ, Rosalia RA, Kleinovink JW, Rueda F, Löwik CW, Ossendorp F. Targeting nanoparticles to CD40, DEC-205 or CD11c molecules on dendritic cells for efficient CD8+ T cell response: A comparative study. J Control Release 2014; 192:209-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang X, Zhao HY, Zhang FC, Sun Y, Xiong ZY, Jiang XB. Dendritic cell-based vaccine for the treatment of malignant glioma: a systematic review. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:451-7. [PMID: 25259676 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.958234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the outcomes of clinical trials which compared immunotherapy with conventional therapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies. The 2-year survival rate was used to evaluate effectiveness of immunotherapy. RESULTS Of 171 studies identified, six comparative trials were included in the systematic review. Immunotherapy was associated with a significantly longer OS and 2-year survival compared to conventional therapy. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy may improve the survival of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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50
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Benteyn D, Heirman C, Bonehill A, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:161-76. [PMID: 25196947 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.957684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been proposed as a powerful treatment modality. Active immunotherapy aspires to stimulate the patient's immune system, particularly T cells. These cells can recognize and kill cancer cells and can form an immunological memory. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of our immune system. They take up and process antigens to present them to T cells. Consequently, DCs have been investigated as a means to stimulate cancer-specific T-cell responses. An efficient strategy to program DCs is the use of mRNA, a well-defined and safe molecule that can be easily generated at high purity. Importantly, vaccines consisting of mRNA-modified DCs showed promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, we will introduce cancer immunotherapy and DCs and give a detailed overview on the application of mRNA to generate cancer-fighting DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Benteyn
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Jette, Belgium
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