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Asemani Y, Najafi S, Ezzatifar F, Zolbanin NM, Jafari R. Recent highlights in the immunomodulatory aspects of Treg cell-derived extracellular vesicles: special emphasis on autoimmune diseases and transplantation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:67. [PMID: 35606869 PMCID: PMC9125934 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain immunological tolerance to self and non-self antigens, one’s T regulatory (Treg) cells play a critical role in the regulation of detrimental inflammation. Treg cells inhibit the immune system in a variety of ways, some of which are contact-dependent and the others are soluble factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mainly secretory membrane structures that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication in both the local and systemic environments, enabling the transport of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between immune and non-immune cells. A number of studies have shown that Treg-derived EVs are specially formulated intercellular exchanging devices capable of regulating immunological responses by producing a cell-free tolerogenic milieu. Some of the processes suggested include miRNA-induced gene shutdown and upmodulation, surface protein activity, and enzyme transfer. Instead of being influenced by external circumstances like Tregs, exosomes’ cohesive structure allows them to transmit their charge intact across the blood–brain barrier and deliver it to the target cell with particular receptors. These properties have resulted in the use of Treg-derived EVs' immunomodulatory effects moving beyond laboratory research and into preclinical applications in animal models of a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, and transplant rejection disorders. However, insufficient evidence has been produced to permit enrollment in human clinical studies. As such, we begin our research by introducing the most potent immunosuppressive elements discovered in Treg-derived EVs elucidating likely mechanisms of action in inhibiting immunological responses. Following that, we address recent research on the potential of suppressive EVs to regulate autoimmune inflammatory responses and improve tissue transplant survival.
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A Re-evaluation of the Free Energy Profiles for Cell-Penetrating Peptides Across DOPC Membranes. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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Geysels RC, Peyret V, Martín M, Nazar M, Reale C, Bernal Barquero CE, Miranda L, Martí MA, Vito P, Masini-Repiso AM, Nicola JP. The Transcription Factor NF-κB Mediates Thyrotropin-Stimulated Expression of Thyroid Differentiation Markers. Thyroid 2021; 31:299-314. [PMID: 32935630 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor is a key regulator of cell survival, proliferation, and gene expression. Although activation of NF-κB signaling in thyroid follicular cells after thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) engagement has been reported, the downstream signaling leading to NF-κB activation remains unexplored. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate NF-κB signaling activation in response to TSH stimulation. Methods: Fisher rat-derived thyroid cell lines and primary cultures of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-deficient mice thyrocytes were used as models. Signaling pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB were investigated by using chemical inhibitors and phospho-specific antibodies. Luciferase reporter gene assays and site-directed mutagenesis were used to monitor NF-κB-dependent gene transcriptional activity and the expression of thyroid differentiation markers was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was carried out to investigate NF-κB subunit p65 DNA binding, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene knockdown approaches were used for studying gene function. Results: Using thyroid cell lines, we observed that TSH treatment leads to protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated canonical NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear expression. Moreover, TSH stimulation phosphorylated the kinase TAK-1, and its knockdown abolished TSH-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. TSH induced the transcriptional activity of the NF-κB subunit p65 in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-276. In addition, p65 phosphorylation at Ser-276 induced acetyl transferase p300 recruitment, leading to its acetylation on Lys-310 and thereby enhancing its transcriptional activity. Evaluation of the role played by NF-κB in thyroid physiology demonstrated that the canonical NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 reduced TSH-induced expression of thyroid differentiation markers. The involvement of NF-κB signaling in thyroid physiology was confirmed by assessing the TSH-induced gene expression in primary cultures of NEMO-deficient mice thyrocytes. ChIP and the knockdown experiments revealed that p65 is a nuclear effector of TSH actions, inducing the transcripcional expression of thyroid differentiation markers. Conclusions: Taken together, our results point to NF-κB being a pivotal mediator in the TSH-induced thyroid follicular cell differentiation, a relevant finding with potential physiological and pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Celeste Geysels
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Peyret
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magalí Nazar
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem Consortium, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carlos Eduardo Bernal Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas Miranda
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Adrián Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Biogem Consortium, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ana María Masini-Repiso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Hemoglobin oxidation generates globin-derived peptides in atherosclerotic lesions and intraventricular hemorrhage of the brain, provoking endothelial dysfunction. J Transl Med 2020; 100:986-1002. [PMID: 32054994 PMCID: PMC7311325 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysis of red blood cells was shown to occur in human ruptured atherosclerotic lesions and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of the brain. Liberated cell-free hemoglobin was found to undergo oxidation in both pathologies. We hypothesize that hemoglobin-derived peptides are generated during hemoglobin oxidation both in complicated atherosclerotic lesions and IVH of the brain, triggering endothelial cell dysfunction. Oxidized hemoglobin and its products were followed with spectrophotometry, LC-MS/MS analysis and detection of the cross-linking of globin chains in complicated atherosclerotic lesions of the human carotid artery and the hemorrhaged cerebrospinal liquid of preterm infants. The vascular pathophysiologic role of oxidized hemoglobin and the resultant peptides was assessed by measuring endothelial integrity, the activation of endothelial cells and the induction of proinflammatory genes. Peptide fragments of hemoglobin (VNVDEVGGEALGRLLVVYPWTQR, LLVVYPWTQR, MFLSFPTTK, VGAHAGEYGAELERMFLSFPTTK, and FLASVSTVLTSKYR) were identified in ruptured atherosclerotic lesions and in IVH of the human brain. Fragments resulting from the oxidation of hemoglobin were accompanied by the accumulation of ferryl hemoglobin. Similar to complicated atherosclerotic lesions of the human carotid artery, a high level of oxidized and cross-linked hemoglobin was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid after IVH. Haptoglobin inhibited hemoglobin fragmentation provoked by peroxide. The resultant peptides failed to bind haptoglobin or albumin. Peptides derived from hemoglobin oxidation and ferryl hemoglobin induced intercellular gap formation, decreased junctional resistance in the endothelium, and enhanced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Enhanced expression of TNF and the activation of NLRP3 and CASP1 followed by the increased generation of IL-1β and nuclear translocation of the NF-κβ transcription factor occurred in response to hemoglobin-derived peptides, and ferryl hemoglobin in endothelium was upregulated in both pathologies. We conclude that the oxidation of hemoglobin in complicated atherosclerotic lesions and intraventricular hemorrhage of the brain generates peptide fragments and ferryl hemoglobin with the potential to trigger endothelial cell dysfunction.
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Sun Y, Li X, Zhang L, Liu X, Jiang B, Long Z, Jiang Y. Cell Permeable NBD Peptide-Modified Liposomes by Hyaluronic Acid Coating for the Synergistic Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1140-1155. [PMID: 30668131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is closely related to the development, deterioration, and metastasis of tumors. Recently, many studies have shown that down-regulating the expression of inflammation by blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways could significantly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The combined application of curcumin (CUR) and celecoxib (CXB) has been proven to exert a synergistic antitumor effect via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and STAT3. TAT-NBD (TN) peptide, a fusion peptide of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-binding domain peptide (NBD) and cell-penetrating peptide (TAT), can selectively block NF-κB activating pathway resulting in tumor growth inhibition. In the present study, a novel TN-modified liposome coloading both CXB and CUR (TN-CCLP) at a synergistic ratio was first constructed with the property of synchronous release, then hyaluronic acid (HA) as CD44 targeting moiety was coated on the surface of the cationic liposome via electrostatic interaction to prepare the anionic HA/TN-CCLP. In vitro results of cytotoxicity, macrophage migration inhibition, and anti-inflammation efficacy revealed that TN-CCLP and HA/TN-CCLP were significantly superior to TN-LP and CCLP, while TN-CCLP exhibited better effects than HA/TN-CCLP due to higher cellular uptake ability. Different from in vitro data, after systematically treating 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice, HA/TN-CCLP exerted the most striking effects on anti-inflammation, inhibition of macrophage recruitment, and antitumor because of the longest circulation time and maximum tumor accumulation. In particular, HA/TN-CCLP could availably block the lung metastasis of breast cancer. Taken together, the novel CD44 targeted TN-CCLP exhibited the potential for inhibiting tumor development and metastasis through improving inflammatory infiltration of tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xuqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhiguo Long
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 201399 , China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
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Bogdanova D, Takeuchi A, Ozawa M, Kanda Y, Rahman MA, Ludewig B, Kinashi T, Katakai T. Essential Role of Canonical NF-κB Activity in the Development of Stromal Cell Subsets in Secondary Lymphoid Organs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3580-3586. [PMID: 30397032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organized tissue structure in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) tightly depends on the development of fibroblastic stromal cells (FSCs) of mesenchymal origin; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood. In this study, we specifically inactivated the canonical NF-κB pathway in FSCs in vivo by conditionally inducing IκBα mutant in a Ccl19-IκBSR mouse system in which NF-κB activity is likely to be suppressed in fetal FSC progenitors. Given that NF-κB activation in fetal FSCs is essential for SLO development, the animals were expected to lack SLOs. However, all SLOs were preserved in Ccl19-IκBSR mice. Instead, the T cell area was severely disturbed by the lack of CCL21-expressing FSCs, whereas the follicles and associated FSC networks were formed. Fate mapping revealed that IκBSR-expressing cells constituted only a small fraction of stromal compartment outside the follicles. Taken together, our findings indicate an essential role of the canonical NF-κB pathway activity in the development of three FSC subsets common to SLOs and suggest transient or stochastic CCL19 expression in FSC progenitors and a compensatory differentiation program of follicular FSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bogdanova
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - M Azizur Rahman
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
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Seigner J, Basilio J, Resch U, de Martin R. CD40L and TNF both activate the classical NF-κB pathway, which is not required for the CD40L induced alternative pathway in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1389-1394. [PMID: 29183724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD40L and TNF signal through engagement of their respective receptors, which are both members of the TNF receptor family. They use partially common signaling molecules leading, among others, to activation of the NF-κB pathway. However, whereas TNF activates the classical, CD40L has been reported to activate the alternative NF-κB pathway, leading to the anticipation that differences in the pattern of inflammatory gene expression would occur. Here, we have compared the gene expression repertoire of CD40L (CD154) and TNF stimulated HUVEC and report that unexpectedly, apart from a stronger response to TNF, no major qualitative differences could be observed. This applies for the period of up to 6 h, a time where the alternative pathway has already been activated. Analysis of the early events after receptor engagement revealed that both TNF and CD40L activate the classical NF-κB pathway, and confirm activation of the alternative by the latter. Furthermore, using genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the classical pathway we show that activation of the alternative occurs independently of the former. This reveals novel insights into NF-κB signaling by CD40L and TNF in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seigner
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Basilio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - U Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Li H, Song X, Yang F, Bao H, Lu X, Perez-Campo FM, Zhao J. Application of oligonucleotides to construct a conditional targeting vector for porcine IκBα. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:653-659. [PMID: 29115518 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene targeting at porcine IκBα may be a solution to delayed xenograft rejection, the main barrier to xenotransplantation. An oligonucleotide‑based method was applied to construct the vector for conditional targeting of porcine IκBα. This method was free from PCR amplification during the assembling of the different vector elements, avoiding introduction of unwanted mutations. With the help of short double‑stranded DNA fragments produced by annealing oligonucleotides, nondirectional cloning has also been avoided. By making the best of directional cloning, a highly complex targeting vector was built within 3 weeks. The present study also explained why the two recombination‑based methods (recombineering and gateway recombination), although having demonstrated to be highly efficient in constructing ordinary targeting vectors, were not appropriate in this context. The description in the present study of an additional method to efficiently construct targeting vectors is suggested to introduce more flexibility in the field therefore helping to meet the different needs of the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegang Li
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Song
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Hanxun Bao
- Jiaozhou Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Jiaozhou Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, P.R. China
| | - Flor M Perez-Campo
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
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Zhao Q, Chen H, Jing J, Wang X, Liu R, Li X, Li H, Cui X. Role of β 3 adrenoceptor in rat thoracic aorta contractility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9132-9145. [PMID: 31966786 PMCID: PMC6965945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of β3-AR in rat thoracic aorta contractility and underlying mechanisms. BRL 37344 (BRL) was used to detect the role of β3-AR on rat thoracic aorta. 40 rats were randomly divided into Sham control group, Sham+SR group with SR 59230A (SR) injected, chronic heart failure (CHF) control group, and CHF+SR group. The effects of SR on thoracic aorta structure, function and NF-κB expression were estimated. BRL produced relaxant effect in both endothelium-intact and endothelium-free aorta rings, which was antagonized by SR and partially by L-NAME, but not changed by Propranolol. Similar results were obtained on thoracic aorta smooth muscle of CHF rats. β3-AR was located in both vascular smooth muscle layer and endothelial layer. After SR injection, the aorta rings in Sham+SR group showed reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation response to Ach compared with Sham control group. The aorta rings in CHF control group showed reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation to Ach, with increased endothelium-dependent relaxation in CHF+SR group. Besides, SR injection showed increased contraction to NA. Meanwhile, NF-κB expression in Sham+SR group was higher than Sham control group, with increased expression in CHF control group but decreased in CHF+SR group. Microarray screening showed 48 and 42 differentially expressed miRNAs in Sham+SR rats and CHF+SR rats respectively with 19 of them associated with NF-κB pathways. β3-AR is expressed in rat aorta and exerts relaxant effects through NOS-dependent pathway. β3-AR Inhibition delayed damage of vessels in development of heart failure possibly through regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huanzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiani Jing
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangli Cui
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
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11
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Trends in the Binding of Cell Penetrating Peptides to siRNA: A Molecular Docking Study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS 2017; 2017:1059216. [PMID: 28321253 PMCID: PMC5340175 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1059216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of gene therapeutics, including short interfering RNA (siRNA), is limited by the lack of efficient delivery systems. An appealing approach to deliver gene therapeutics involves noncovalent complexation with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) which are able to penetrate the cell membranes of mammals. Although a number of CPPs have been discovered, our understanding of their complexation and translocation of siRNA is as yet insufficient. Here, we report on computational studies comparing the binding affinities of CPPs with siRNA, considering a variety of CPPs. Specifically, seventeen CPPs from three different categories, cationic, amphipathic, and hydrophobic CPPs, were studied. Molecular mechanics were used to minimize structures, while molecular docking calculations were used to predict the orientation and favorability of sequentially binding multiple peptides to siRNA. Binding scores from docking calculations were highest for amphipathic peptides over cationic and hydrophobic peptides. Results indicate that initial complexation of peptides will likely occur along the major groove of the siRNA, driven by electrostatic interactions. Subsequent binding of CPPs is likely to occur in the minor groove and later on bind randomly, to siRNA or previously bound CPPs, through hydrophobic interactions. However, hydrophobic CPPs do not show this binding pattern. Ultimately binding yields a positively charged nanoparticle capable of noninvasive cellular import of therapeutic molecules.
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12
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Kawaguchi R, Takeuchi M, Takayasu M. Activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B in Endothelial Cells of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outer Membranes. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:571-578. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharm-aceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Reo Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
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13
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Jeon SM, Lee DS, Jeong GS. Cudraticusxanthone A isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata inhibits metastasis and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:57-62. [PMID: 27586822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Cudrania tricuspidata is a deciduous tree found in Korea, China, and Japan. C. tricuspidata contains an abundance of various minerals, B vitamins, and flavonoids to help prevent diverse cancers. Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA), a compound isolated from the roots of C. tricuspidata, has potent anti-proliferative, antioxidative, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA) is a xanthone isolated from the bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract of C. tricuspidata with strong anti-cancer activity in breast cancer cells. The effect of CTXA on cell migration and apoptosis were evaluated in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of CTXA on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Flow cytometric measurements of CTXA-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. RESULTS The results show that CTXA gradually reduced viability of the two breast cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CTXA effectively blocked breast cancer cell migration and invasion. CTXA decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 and phosphorylation of the inhibitor IκBα in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicate that CTXA possesses anti-cancer activities and provide a basis for developing effective therapeutic agents to inhibit growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Myeong Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil-Saeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Montanari E, Stojkovic S, Kaun C, Lemberger CE, de Martin R, Rauscher S, Gröger M, Maurer G, Neumayer C, Huk I, Huber K, Demyanets S, Wojta J. Interleukin-33 stimulates GM-CSF and M-CSF production by human endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:317-27. [PMID: 27173404 DOI: 10.1160/th15-12-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is involved in various inflammatory conditions targeting amongst other cells the endothelium. Besides regulating the maturation and functions of myeloid cells, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) have been shown to play a role in such pathologies too. It was the aim of our study to investigate a possible influence of IL-33 on GM-CSF and M-CSF production by human endothelial cells. IL-33, but not IL-18 or IL-37, stimulated GM-CSF and M-CSF mRNA expression and protein production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human coronary artery ECs (HCAECs) through the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway in an IL-1-independent way. This effect was inhibited by the soluble form of ST2 (sST2), which is known to act as a decoy receptor for IL-33. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor fluvastatin could also be shown to moderately reduce the IL-33-mediated effect on M-CSF, but not on GM-CSF expression. In addition, IL-33, IL-1β, GM-CSF and M-CSF were detected in endothelial cells of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques using immunofluorescence. Upregulation of GM-CSF and M-CSF production by human endothelial cells, an effect that appears to be mediated by NF-κB and to be independent of IL-1, may be an additional mechanism through which IL-33 contributes to inflammatory activation of the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Svitlana Demyanets
- Svitlana Demyanets, MD, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Tel.: +43 1 40400 73516, Fax: +43 1 40400 73587, E-mail:
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15
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Anticancer activity of cryptotanshinone on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:2275-2286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Liu J, Bai J, Jiang G, Li X, Wang J, Wu D, Owusu L, Zhang E, Li W. Anti-Tumor Effect of Pinus massoniana Bark Proanthocyanidins on Ovarian Cancer through Induction of Cell Apoptosis and Inhibition of Cell Migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142157. [PMID: 26539720 PMCID: PMC4634942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana bark proanthocyanidins (PMBPs), an active component isolated from Pinus massoniana bark, has been reported to possess a wide range of biochemical properties. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of PMBPs on ovarian cancer. The results indicated that PMBPs significantly reduced the growth of ovarian cancer cells and induced dose-dependent apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms involved were elucidated to include the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the activation of Caspase 3/9, suggesting that PMBPs triggered apoptosis through activation of mitochondria-associated apoptotic pathway. In addition, wound healing and transwell chamber assays revealed that PMBPs could suppress migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. PMBPs dramatically inhibited MMP-9 activity and expression, blocked the activity of NFκB and the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Our findings suggest that PMBPs has the potential to be developed as an anti-tumor drug for ovarian cancer treatment and/ or disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dachang Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lawrence Owusu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States of America
| | - Ershao Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
AbstractThe bovine mammary gland is a dynamic and complex organ composed of various cell types that work together for the purpose of milk synthesis and secretion. A layer of endothelial cells establishes the blood–milk barrier, which exists to facilitate the exchange of solutes and macromolecules necessary for optimal milk production. During bacterial challenge, however, endothelial cells divert some of their lactation function to protect the underlying tissue from damage by initiating inflammation. At the onset of inflammation, endothelial cells tightly regulate the movement of plasma components and leukocytes into affected tissue. Unfortunately, endothelial dysfunction as a result of exacerbated or sustained inflammation can negatively affect both barrier integrity and the health of surrounding extravascular tissue. The objective of this review is to highlight the role of endothelial cells in supporting milk production and regulating optimal inflammatory responses. The consequences of endothelial dysfunction and sustained inflammation on milk synthesis and secretion are discussed. Given the important role of endothelial cells in orchestrating the inflammatory response, a better understanding of endothelial function during mastitis may support development of targeted therapies to protect bovine mammary tissue and mammary endothelium.
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Moll HP, Lee A, Minussi DC, da Silva CG, Csizmadia E, Bhasin M, Ferran C. A20 regulates atherogenic interferon (IFN)-γ signaling in vascular cells by modulating basal IFNβ levels. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30912-24. [PMID: 25217635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IFNγ signaling in endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a key culprit of pathologic vascular remodeling. The impact of NF-κB inhibitory protein A20 on IFNγ signaling in vascular cells remains unknown. In gain- and loss-of-function studies, A20 inversely regulated expression of IFNγ-induced atherogenic genes in human EC and SMC by modulating STAT1 transcription. In vivo, inadequate A20 expression in A20 heterozygote mice aggravated intimal hyperplasia following partial carotid artery ligation. This outcome uniquely associated with increased levels of Stat1 and super-induction of Ifnγ-dependent genes. Transcriptome analysis of the aortic media from A20 heterozygote versus wild-type mice revealed increased basal Ifnβ signaling as the likely cause for higher Stat1 transcription. We confirmed higher basal IFNβ levels in A20-silenced human SMC and showed that neutralization or knockdown of IFNβ abrogates heightened STAT1 levels in these cells. Upstream of IFNβ, A20-silenced EC and SMC demonstrated higher levels of phosphorylated/activated TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1), a regulator of IFNβ transcription. This suggested that A20 knockdown increased STAT1 transcription by enhancing TBK1 activation and subsequently basal IFNβ levels. Altogether, these results uncover A20 as a key physiologic regulator of atherogenic IFNγ/STAT1 signaling. This novel function of A20 added to its ability to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation solidifies its promise as an ideal therapeutic candidate for treatment and prevention of vascular diseases. In light of recently discovered A20/TNFAIP3 (TNFα-induced protein 3) single nucleotide polymorphisms that impart lower A20 expression or function, these results also qualify A20 as a reliable clinical biomarker for vascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig P Moll
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Andy Lee
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Darlan C Minussi
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Cleide G da Silva
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- the Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Bioinformatics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Christiane Ferran
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
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19
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Basílio J, Hoeth M, Holper-Schichl YM, Resch U, Mayer H, Hofer-Warbinek R, de Martin R. TNFα-induced down-regulation of Sox18 in endothelial cells is dependent on NF-κB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 442:221-6. [PMID: 24269235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox18 plays a role in angiogenesis, including lymphangiogenesis, where it is upregulated by growth factors and directs the expression of genes encoding, e.g., guidance molecules and a matrix metalloproteinase. Conversely, we found that in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) Sox18 is repressed by the pro-inflammatory mediator TNFα (as well as IL-1 and LPS). Since a common feature of these mediators is the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, we investigated whether Sox18 downregulation is dependent on this transcription factor. Transduction of HUVEC with an adenoviral vector directing the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα prevented the downregulation of Sox18. Transient transfections of Sox18 promoter reporter genes revealed that the downregulation takes place on the level of transcription, and that the p65/RelA subunit of NF-κB was operative. Furthermore, the responsible promoter region of Sox18 is located within -1.0kb from the transcriptional start site. The repression of Sox18 and its target genes may lead to altered formation of vessels in inflamed settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Basílio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettg. 19, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Tan BM, Zammit NW, Yam AO, Slattery R, Walters SN, Malle E, Grey ST. Baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins fine-tune TNF-induced nuclear factor κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:520-32. [PMID: 23250032 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS For beta cells, contact with TNF-α triggers signalling cascades that converge on pathways important for cell survival and inflammation, specifically nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Here, we investigated the function of baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins in regulating TNF signalling cascades. METHODS TNF regulation of Birc genes was studied by mRNA expression and promoter analysis. Birc gene control of cell signalling was studied in beta cell lines, and in islets from Birc2(-/-) and Birc3(-/-) mice, and from Birc3(-/-) Birc2Δ beta cell mice that selectively lack Birc2 and Birc3 (double knockout [DKO]). Islet function was tested by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and transplantation. RESULTS TNF-α selectively induced Birc3 in beta cells, which in turn was sufficient to drive and potentiate NF-κB reporter activity. Conversely, Birc3(-/-) islets exhibited delayed TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation with reduced expression of Ccl2 and Cxcl10. DKO islets showed a further delay in IκBα degradation kinetics. Surprisingly, DKO islets exhibited stimulus-independent and TNF-dependent hyperexpression of TNF target genes A20 (also known as Tnfaip3), Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10. DKO islets showed hyperphosphorylation of the JNK-substrate, c-Jun, while a JNK-antagonist prevented increases of Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 expression. Proteosome blockade of MIN6 cells phenocopied DKO islets. DKO islets showed more rapid loss of glucose homeostasis when challenged with the inflammatory insult of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION BIRC3 provides a feed-forward loop, which, with BIRC2, is required to moderate the normal speed of NF-κB activation. Paradoxically, BIRC2 and BIRC3 act as a molecular brake to rein in activation of the JNK signalling pathway. Thus BIRC2 and BIRC3 fine-tune NF-κB and JNK signalling to ensure transcriptional responses are appropriately matched to extracellular inputs. This control is critical for the beta cell's stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Tan
- Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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21
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Associations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with adhesion and inflammation molecules in a healthy population. Cytokine 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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da Silva CG, Maccariello ER, Wilson SW, Putheti P, Daniel S, Damrauer SM, Peterson C, Siracuse JJ, Kaczmarek E, Ferran C. Hepatocyte growth factor preferentially activates the anti-inflammatory arm of NF-κB signaling to induce A20 and protect renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1382-90. [PMID: 21618526 PMCID: PMC3274959 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation induces the NF-κB dependent protein A20 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC), which secondarily contains inflammation by shutting down NF-κB activation. We surmised that inducing A20 without engaging the pro-inflammatory arm of NF-κB could improve outcomes in kidney disease. We showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) increases A20 mRNA and protein levels in RPTEC without causing inflammation. Upregulation of A20 by HGF was NF-κB/RelA dependent as it was abolished by overexpressing IκBα or silencing p65/RelA. Unlike TNFα, HGF caused minimal IκBα and p65/RelA phosphorylation, with moderate IκBα degradation. Upstream, HGF led to robust and sustained AKT activation, which was required for p65 phosphorylation and A20 upregulation. While HGF treatment of RPTEC significantly increased A20 mRNA, it failed to induce NF-κB dependent, pro-inflammatory MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 mRNA. This indicates that HGF preferentially upregulates protective (A20) over pro-inflammatory NF-κB dependent genes. Upregulation of A20 supported the anti-inflammatory effects of HGF in RPTEC. HGF pretreatment significantly attenuated TNFα-mediated increase of ICAM-1, a finding partially reversed by silencing A20. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that HGF activates an AKT-p65/RelA pathway to preferentially induce A20 but not inflammatory molecules. This could be highly desirable in acute and chronic renal injury where A20-based anti-inflammatory therapies are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide G. da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Maccariello
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Szuhuei Wu Wilson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Prabhakar Putheti
- Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Soizic Daniel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Clayton Peterson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Siracuse
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kaczmarek
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
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23
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Hoeth M, Niederleithner H, Hofer-Warbinek R, Bilban M, Mayer H, Resch U, Lemberger C, Wagner O, Hofer E, Petzelbauer P, de Martin R. The transcription factor SOX18 regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and guidance molecules in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30982. [PMID: 22292085 PMCID: PMC3264645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the transcription factor SOX18 are responsible for specific cardiovascular defects in humans and mice. In order to gain insight into the molecular basis of its action, we identified target genes of SOX18 and analyzed one, MMP7, in detail. Methodology/Principal Findings SOX18 was expressed in HUVEC using a recombinant adenoviral vector and the altered gene expression profile was analyzed using microarrays. Expression of several regulated candidate SOX18 target genes was verified by real-time PCR. Knock-down of SOX18 using RNA interference was then used to confirm the effect of the transcription factor on selected genes that included the guidance molecules ephrin B2 and semaphorin 3G. One gene, MMP7, was chosen for further analysis, including detailed promoter studies using reporter gene assays, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and chromatin-immunoprecipitation, revealing that it responds directly to SOX18. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the co-expression of SOX18 and MMP7 in blood vessels of human skin. Conclusions/Significance The identification of MMP7 as a direct SOX18 target gene as well as other potential candidates including guidance molecules provides a molecular basis for the proposed function of this transcription factor in the regulation of vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hoeth
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Renate Hofer-Warbinek
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Mayer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Lemberger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald Wagner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erhard Hofer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Mukerjee A, Shankardas J, Ranjan AP, Vishwanatha JK. Efficient nanoparticle mediated sustained RNA interference in human primary endothelial cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:445101. [PMID: 21990205 PMCID: PMC5624714 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/44/445101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium forms an important target for drug and/or gene therapy since endothelial cells play critical roles in angiogenesis and vascular functions and are associated with various pathophysiological conditions. RNA mediated gene silencing presents a new therapeutic approach to overcome many such diseases, but the major challenge of such an approach is to ensure minimal toxicity and effective transfection efficiency of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to primary endothelial cells. In the present study, we formulated shAnnexin A2 loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles which produced intracellular small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Annexin A2 and brought about the downregulation of Annexin A2. The per cent encapsulation of the plasmid within the nanoparticle was found to be 57.65%. We compared our nanoparticle based transfections with Lipofectamine mediated transfection, and our studies show that nanoparticle based transfection efficiency is very high (~97%) and is more sustained compared to conventional Lipofectamine mediated transfections in primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells and human cancer cell lines. Our findings also show that the shAnnexin A2 loaded PLGA nanoparticles had minimal toxicity with almost 95% of cells being viable 24 h post-transfection while Lipofectamine based transfections resulted in only 30% viable cells. Therefore, PLGA nanoparticle based transfection may be used for efficient siRNA transfection to human primary endothelial and cancer cells. This may serve as a potential adjuvant treatment option for diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and age related macular degeneration besides various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Mukerjee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Cota-Gomez A, Flores AC, Ling XF, Varella-Garcia M, Flores SC. HIV-1 Tat increases oxidant burden in the lungs of transgenic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1697-707. [PMID: 21855628 PMCID: PMC3188365 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with higher incidence of pulmonary complications including hypertension, vasculopathy, lymphocytic alveolitis, and interstitial pneumonitis not attributed to either opportunistic infections or presence of the virus. The Tat (transactivator of transcription) protein, a required transactivator for expression of full-length viral genes, is pleiotropic and influences expression of cellular inflammatory genes. Tat-dependent transactivation of cellular genes requires specific mediators, including NF-κB, widely recognized as sensitive to changes in cellular oxidant burden. We hypothesized that overproduction of Tat leads to increased oxidant burden and to alterations in basal inflammatory status as measured by NF-κB activation. We engineered transgenic mouse lines that express Tat (86-amino-acid isoform) in the lung under the control of the surfactant protein C promoter. Tat-transgenic mice exhibit increased pulmonary cellular infiltration, increased nitrotyrosine and carbonyl protein modifications, and increased levels of NF-κB, MnSOD, and thioredoxin-interacting protein. These data indicate that Tat increases oxidant burden and resets the threshold for inflammation, which may increase susceptibility to secondary injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Cota-Gomez
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Noma H, Funatsu H, Mimura T, Eguchi S, Hori S. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and inflammatory factors in macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 152:669-677.e1. [PMID: 21726846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate relationships among vitreous fluid levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema or patients with idiopathic macular hole. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. METHODS SETTING Tokyo Women's Medical University and Eguchi Eye Hospital. PATIENT POPULATION Forty-nine Japanese patients who underwent unilateral vitrectomy (27 with BRVO and 22 with macular hole). OBSERVATION PROCEDURES Vitreous fluid samples were obtained during vitreoretinal surgery to measure the levels of sVEGFR-2, VEGF, and sICAM-1. Retinal ischemia was evaluated from capillary nonperfusion on fluorescein angiography. Macular edema was examined by optical coherence tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Vitreous fluid levels of the 3 molecules and severity of macular edema. RESULTS BRVO patients had a significantly higher vitreous fluid level of sVEGFR-2 (median, 1670 pg/mL; interquartile range [IQL], 1205 to 2225 pg/mL) than macular hole patients (median, 1265 pg/mL; IQR, 731 to 1800 pg/mL; P = .017), as was the case for VEGF (median, 237 pg/mL; IQR, 42.2 to 1305 pg/mL; vs median, 15.6 pg/mL; IQR, 15.6 to 15.6 pg/mL; P < .001) and sICAM-1 (median, 10.1 ng/mL; IQR, 6.3 to 22.5 ng/mL; vs median, 4.1 ng/mL; IQR, 3.3 to 6.0 ng/mL; P < .001). In BRVO patients, there was a significant positive correlation between vitreous fluid levels of sVEGFR-2 or VEGF and sICAM-1, but not between sVEGFR-2 and VEGF. Vitreous fluid levels of all 3 molecules were correlated significantly the with severity of macular edema in BRVO patients. CONCLUSIONS sVEGFR-2 may induce an increase of vascular permeability together with or via sICAM-1, or both with and via sICAM-1, in BRVO patients with macular edema.
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Schichl YM, Resch U, Lemberger CE, Stichlberger D, de Martin R. Novel phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of tristetraprolin by mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38466-38477. [PMID: 21921033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute versus chronic inflammation is controlled by the accurate activation and regulation of interdependent signaling cascades. TNF-receptor 1 engagement concomitantly activates NF-κB and JNK signaling. The correctly timed activation of these pathways is the key to account for the balance between NF-κB-mediated cell survival and cell death, the latter fostered by prolonged JNK activation. Tristetraprolin (TTP), initially described as an mRNA destabilizing protein, acts as negative feedback regulator of the inflammatory response: it destabilizes cytokine-mRNAs but also acts as an NF-κB inhibitor by interfering with the p65/RelA nuclear import pathway. Our biochemical studies provide evidence that TTP contributes to the NF-κB/JNK balance. We find that the MAP 3-kinase MEKK1 acts as a novel TTP kinase that, together with the TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), constitutes not only a main determinate of the NF-κB-JNK cross-talk but also facilitates "TTP hypermodification": MEKK1 triggers TTP phosphorylation as prerequisite for its Lys-63-linked, TRAF2-mediated ubiquitination. Consequently, TTP no longer affects NF-κB activity but promotes the activation of JNK. Based on our data, we suggest a model where upon TNFα induction, TTP transits a hypo- to hypermodified state, thereby contributing to the molecular regulation of NF-κB versus JNK signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Schichl
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof E Lemberger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Stichlberger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Novel interventional approaches for ALI/ARDS: cell-based gene therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:560194. [PMID: 21785528 PMCID: PMC3139183 DOI: 10.1155/2011/560194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe
form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
continue to be a major cause of morbidity and
mortality in critically ill patients. The present
therapeutic strategies for ALI/ARDS including
supportive care, pharmacological treatments, and
ventilator support are still controversial. More
scientists are focusing on therapies involving
stem cells, which have self-renewing capabilities
and differentiate into multiple cell lineages,
and, genomics therapy which has the potential to
upregulate expression of anti-inflammatory
mediators. Recently, the combination of cell and
gene therapy which has been demonstrated to
provide additive benefit has opened up a new
chapter in therapeutic strategy and provides a
basis for the development of an innovative
approach for the prevention and treatment of
ALI/ARDS.
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29
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Demyanets S, Konya V, Kastl SP, Kaun C, Rauscher S, Niessner A, Pentz R, Pfaffenberger S, Rychli K, Lemberger CE, de Martin R, Heinemann A, Huk I, Gröger M, Maurer G, Huber K, Wojta J. Interleukin-33 induces expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory activation in human endothelial cells and in human atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2080-9. [PMID: 21737781 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.231431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-33 is the most recently described member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and it is a ligand of the ST2 receptor. While the effects of IL-33 on the immune system have been extensively studied, the properties of this cytokine in the cardiovascular system are much less investigated. Methods/Results- We show here that IL-33 promoted the adhesion of human leukocytes to monolayers of human endothelial cells and robustly increased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelial selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 protein production and mRNA expression in human coronary artery and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro as well as in human explanted atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. ST2-fusion protein, but not IL-1 receptor antagonist, abolished these effects. IL-33 induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB p50 and p65 subunits to the nucleus in human coronary artery endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells and overexpression of dominant negative form of IκB kinase 2 or IκBα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells abolished IL-33-induced adhesion molecules and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression. We detected IL-33 and ST2 on both protein and mRNA level in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that IL-33 may contribute to early events in endothelial activation characteristic for the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the vessel wall, by promoting adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Demyanets
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Foxp3 expression in liver correlates with the degree but not the cause of inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:827565. [PMID: 21772667 PMCID: PMC3136102 DOI: 10.1155/2011/827565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic viral hepatitis display increased expression of Foxp3 in liver, suggesting that Tregs expansion contributes to persistent infection. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the expression of Foxp3 relates not to the viral infection but to the resulting liver inflammation. Liver biopsies obtained from 69 individuals (26 chronic HBV hepatitis, 14 chronic HCV hepatitis, 11 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 8 autoimmune diseases, 2 methotrexate-related toxicity, and 8 controls) were examined, by qRT-PCR, for the mRNA expression of Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β1, Fas, FasL, TRAIL, caspase-3, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β. Significant increase of Foxp3 was observed in all disease groups compared to controls, which was positively correlated with the intensity of inflammation. The expression of the apoptosis mediators Fas, FasL, and TRAIL, but not of IL-10 and TGF-β1, was also significantly elevated. Our findings indicate that, independently of the initial inducer, liver inflammation is correlated with elevated expression of apoptosis mediators and is followed by local Treg accumulation. Further research towards the elucidation of the underlying casual relationships is required, in order to clarify whether our results signify the existence of a uniform Treg-mediated regulatory mechanism of apoptosis-induced inflammation.
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31
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Ferraris V, Ferraris S. Thrombin and cardiopulmonary bypass – A paradigm for evaluation of the regulation of hemostasis. Int J Angiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00547-005-2016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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32
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Guitton C, Cottereau A, Gérard N, Quillard T, Chauveau A, Devallière J, Tonnerre P, Charreau B. Protective cross talk between activated protein C and TNF signaling in vascular endothelial cells: implication of EPCR, noncanonical NF-κB, and ERK1/2 MAP kinases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C833-42. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00003.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant protease that displays cytoprotective and antiinflammatory activities and has been demonstrated to reduce mortality of patients with severe sepsis. However, APC signaling is not fully understood. This study further investigated the antiinflammatory effects of APC in vascular endothelial cells (EC) and examined the cross talk between APC and TNF signaling. Analysis of the regulatory mechanisms mediated by APC on vascular human EC shows that APC impairs TNF signaling by triggering a preemptive activation of intracellular pathways. We found that APC signaling causes a moderate but significant induction of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) including VCAM-1 at mRNA and protein levels. Activation of the noncanonical NF-κB and ERK1/2 are both pivotal to APC signaling leading to VCAM-1 expression. APC upregulates TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and phosphorylates NF-κB p65 at Ser276 and Ser536 independently of IκB degradation. The ultimate protective antiinflammatory effect of APC in response to TNF is associated with a sustained activation of ERK1/2 and Akt while phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 is precluded. Inhibitors of ERK (PD98059 and U0126) abolish the antiinflammatory signal mediated by APC. Blocking antibodies and silencing assays also suggest that, in EC, protease-activated receptor 1 and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) both conduct ERK activation and VCAM-1 induction in response to APC. To conclude, APC protects EC by attenuating CAM expression during inflammation. APC engages a regulatory cross talk involving EPCR, ERK, and NF-κB that impairs TNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guitton
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
- Service de réanimation médicale, Center hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Nantes, and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alice Cottereau
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
| | - Nathalie Gérard
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
| | - Annabelle Chauveau
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
| | - Julie Devallière
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U643, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France; and
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Van Linthout S, Spillmann F, Graiani G, Miteva K, Peng J, Van Craeyveld E, Meloni M, Tölle M, Escher F, Subasigüller A, Doehner W, Quaini F, De Geest B, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Down-regulation of endothelial TLR4 signalling after apo A-I gene transfer contributes to improved survival in an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 89:151-60. [PMID: 20972769 PMCID: PMC3022151 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) conditions have been well documented. Here, we investigated whether an effect of HDL on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and signalling may contribute to its endothelial-protective effects and to improved survival in a mouse model of LPS-induced inflammation and lethality. HDL cholesterol increased 1.7-fold (p < 0.005) and lung endothelial TLR4 expression decreased 8.4-fold (p < 0.005) 2 weeks after apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene transfer. Following LPS administration in apo A-I gene transfer mice, lung TLR4 and lung MyD88 mRNA expression, reflecting TLR4 signalling, were 3.0-fold (p < 0.05) and 2.1-fold (p < 0.05) lower, respectively, than in LPS control mice. Concomitantly, LPS-induced lung neutrophil infiltration, lung oedema and mortality were significantly attenuated following apo A–I transfer. In vitro, supplementation of HDL or apo A–I to human microvascular endothelial cells-1 24 h before LPS administration reduced TLR4 expression, as assessed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting, and decreased the LPS-induced MyD88 mRNA expression and NF-κB activity, independently of LPS binding. In conclusion, HDL reduces TLR4 expression and signalling in endothelial cells, which may contribute significantly to the protective effects of HDL in LPS-induced inflammation and lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapy (BCRT), Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Spillmann
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kapka Miteva
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapy (BCRT), Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eline Van Craeyveld
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Meloni
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Escher
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aysun Subasigüller
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bart De Geest
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapy (BCRT), Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Silva G, Jeney V, Chora A, Larsen R, Balla J, Soares MP. Oxidized hemoglobin is an endogenous proinflammatory agonist that targets vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29582-95. [PMID: 19700768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.045344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathologic conditions are associated with hemolysis, i.e. release of ferrous (Fe(II)) hemoglobin from red blood cells. Oxidation of cell-free hemoglobin produces (Fe(III)) methemoglobin. More extensive oxidation produces (Fe(III)/Fe(IV) O) ferryl hemoglobin. Both cell-free methemoglobin and ferryl hemoglobin are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of hemolytic disorders. We show hereby that ferryl hemoglobin, but not hemoglobin or methemoglobin, acts as a potent proinflammatory agonist that induces vascular endothelial cells in vitro to rearrange the actin cytoskeleton, forming intercellular gaps and disrupting the integrity of the endothelial cell monolayer. Furthermore, ferryl hemoglobin induces the expression of proinflammatory genes in endothelial cells in vitro, e.g. E-selectin, Icam-1, and Vcam-1, through the activation of the nuclear factor kappaB family of transcription factors. This proinflammatory effect, which requires actin polymerization, involves the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways. When administered to naïve mice, ferryl hemoglobin induces the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells, demonstrating that it acts as a proinflammatory agonist in vivo. In conclusion, oxidized hemoglobin, i.e. ferryl hemoglobin, acts as a proinflammatory agonist that targets vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
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35
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Laurila JP, Laatikainen LE, Castellone MD, Laukkanen MO. SOD3 reduces inflammatory cell migration by regulating adhesion molecule and cytokine expression. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5786. [PMID: 19495415 PMCID: PMC2686160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cell migration characteristic of ischemic damages has a dual role providing the tissue with factors needed for tissue injury recovery simultaneously causing deleterious development depending on the quality and the quantity of infiltrated cells. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory role in ischemic injuries where it increases the recovery process by activating mitogen signal transduction and increasing cell proliferation. However, SOD3 derived effects on inflammatory cytokine and adhesion molecule expression, which would explain reduced inflammation in vascular lesions, has not been properly characterized. In the present work the effect of SOD3 on the inflammatory cell extravasation was studied in vivo in rat hind limb ischemia and mouse peritonitis models by identifying the migrated cells and analyzing SOD3-derived response on inflammatory cytokine and adhesion molecule expression. SOD3 overexpression significantly reduced TNFalpha, IL1alpha, IL6, MIP2, and MCP-1 cytokine and VCAM, ICAM, P-selectin, and E-selectin adhesion molecule expressions in injured tissues. Consequently the mononuclear cell, especially CD68+ monocyte and CD3+ T cell infiltration were significantly decreased whereas granulocyte migration was less affected. According to our data SOD3 has a selective anti-inflammatory role in ischemic damages preventing the migration of reactive oxygen producing monocyte/macrophages, which in excessive amounts could potentially further intensify the tissue injuries therefore suggesting potential for SOD3 in treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha P. Laurila
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Maria D. Castellone
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (CNR), Department of Biology and Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mikko O. Laukkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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36
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Zanchi C, Zoja C, Morigi M, Valsecchi F, Liu XY, Rottoli D, Locatelli M, Buelli S, Pezzotta A, Mapelli P, Geelen J, Remuzzi G, Hawiger J. Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate leukocyte capture by endothelium in response to Shiga toxin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1460-9. [PMID: 18606701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stx) are the virulence factors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, a worldwide emerging diarrheal pathogen, which precipitates postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome, the leading cause of acute renal failure in children. In this study, we show that Stx2 triggered expression of fractalkine (FKN), a CX3C transmembrane chemokine, acting as both adhesion counterreceptor on endothelial cells and soluble chemoattractant. Stx2 caused in HUVEC expression of FKN mRNA and protein, which promoted leukocyte capture, ablated by Abs to either endothelial FKN or leukocyte CX3CR1 receptor. Exposure of human glomerular endothelial cells to Stx2 recapitulated its FKN-inducing activity and FKN-mediated leukocyte adhesion. Both processes required phosphorylation of Src-family protein tyrosine kinase and p38 MAPK in endothelial cells. Furthermore, they depended on nuclear import of NF-kappaB and other stress-responsive transcription factors. Inhibition of their nuclear import with the cell-penetrating SN50 peptide reduced FKN mRNA levels and FKN-mediated leukocyte capture by endothelial cells. Adenoviral overexpression of IkappaBalpha inhibited FKN mRNA up-regulation. The FKN-mediated responses to Stx2 were also dependent on AP-1. In mice, both virulence factors of Stx-producing E. coli, Stx and LPS, are required to elicit hemolytic uremic syndrome. In this study, FKN was detected within glomeruli of C57BL/6 mice injected with Stx2, and further increased after Stx2 plus LPS coadministration. This was associated with recruitment of CX3CR1-positive cells. Thus, in response to Stx2, FKN is induced playing an essential role in the promotion of leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction thereby potentially contributing to the renal microvascular dysfunction and thrombotic microangiopathy that underlie hemolytic uremic syndrome due to enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zanchi
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
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37
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Stuhlmeier KM. Hyaluronan production in synoviocytes as a consequence of viral infections: HAS1 activation by Epstein-Barr virus and synthetic double- and single-stranded viral RNA analogs. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16781-9. [PMID: 18400745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801669200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of arthritis is swollen joints containing unusually high quantities of hyaluronan. Intact hyaluronan molecules facilitate cell migration by acting as ligands for CD44. Hyaluronan degradation products, readily formed at sites of inflammation, also fuel inflammatory processes. Irrespective of whether viruses could be a cause of rheumatoid arthritis, there is clear evidence that links viral infections to this debilitating disease. For this study, live Epstein-Barr virus and a number of double- and single-stranded synthetic viral analogs were tested for their effectiveness as activators of hyaluronan (HA) synthesis. As shown herein, Epstein-Barr virus-treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes significantly increase HA production and release. Real time reverse transcription-PCR data show that HAS1 mRNA levels are significantly elevated in virus-treated cells, whereas mRNA levels for the genes HAS2 and HAS3 remain unchanged. As to the mechanism of virus-induced HAS1 transcription, data are presented that imply that among the double- and single-stranded polynucleotides tested, homopolymeric polycytidylic structures are the most potent inducers of HAS1 transcription and HA release, whereas homopolymeric polyinosinic acid is without effect. Analyses of virus-induced signal cascades, utilizing chemical inhibitors of MAPK and overexpressing mutated IKK and IkappaB, revealed that the MAPK p38 as well as the transcription factor NF-kappaB are essential for virus-induced activation of HAS1. The presented data implicate HAS1 as the culprit in unfettered HA release and point out targets in virus-induced signaling pathways that might allow for specific interventions in cases of unwanted and uncontrolled HA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M Stuhlmeier
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rheumatology and Balneology, Kurbadstrasse 10, 1100 Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Seldon MP, Silva G, Pejanovic N, Larsen R, Gregoire IP, Filipe J, Anrather J, Soares MP. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits the Expression of Adhesion Molecules Associated with Endothelial Cell Activation via Inhibition of NF-κB RelA Phosphorylation at Serine 276. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:7840-51. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lundberg AM, Drexler SK, Monaco C, Williams LM, Sacre SM, Feldmann M, Foxwell BM. Key differences in TLR3/poly I:C signaling and cytokine induction by human primary cells: a phenomenon absent from murine cell systems. Blood 2007; 110:3245-52. [PMID: 17660379 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-072934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA, a product associated with viral infections. Many details of TLR3-induced mechanisms have emerged from gene-targeted mice or inhibition studies in transformed cell lines. However, the pathways activated in human immune cells or cells from disease tissue are less well understood. We have investigated TLR3-induced mechanisms of human primary cells of the innate immune system, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MØs), endothelial cells (ECs), and synovial fibroblasts isolated from rheumatoid arthritis joint tissue (RA-SFs). Here, we report that while these cells all express TLR3, they differ substantially in their response to TLR3 stimulation. The key antiviral response chemokine IP-10 was produced by all cell types, while DCs and MØs failed to produce the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-6. Unexpectedly, TNFalpha was found secreted by TLR3-stimulated RA-SF. Furthermore, TLR3 stimulation did not activate NFkappaB, MAPKs, or IRF-3 in DCs and MØs, but was able to do so in ECs and RA-SF. These findings were specific for human cells, thereby revealing a complexity not previously expected. This is the first report of such cell type- and species-specific response for any TLR stimulation and helps to explain important difficulties in correlating murine models of inflammatory diseases and human inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lundberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London, United Kingdom
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De Vry CG, Prasad S, Komuves L, Lorenzana C, Parham C, Le T, Adda S, Hoffman J, Kahoud N, Garlapati R, Shyamsundar R, Mai K, Zhang J, Muchamuel T, Dajee M, Schryver B, McEvoy LM, Ehrhardt RO. Non-viral delivery of nuclear factor-kappaB decoy ameliorates murine inflammatory bowel disease and restores tissue homeostasis. Gut 2007; 56:524-33. [PMID: 16950831 PMCID: PMC1856846 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.096487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a key transcriptional regulator of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of a locally administered "non-viral" nuclear factor-kappaB decoy (NFkappaBD) in multiple experimental models of IBD. METHODS A fully phosphorothioated decoy oligonucleotide with improved stability that specifically binds NF-kappaB and blocks inflammatory mediators regulated by this transcription factor without the help of viral envelope-assisted delivery was developed. The therapeutic effects of NFkappaBD were studied in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, oxazolone and dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis models. RESULTS Intracolonic administration of NFkappaBD results in the delivery of NFkappaBD to inflammatory cells and a reduction of NF-kappaB heterodimers. In the T helper cell 1-driven trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis model, mice receiving NFkappaBD treatment exhibit a dose-dependent reduction in disease severity and a more rapid recovery to normal body weight, similar to a clinically relevant dose of budesonide. Clinical efficacy was corroborated by considerable reductions in colitis pathology and tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. NFkappaBD also mitigates disease activity in the T helper cell 2-like oxazolone colitis and epithelial injury-related acute dextran sodium sulphate colitis models. Interestingly, restoration of tissue homeostasis is observed in NFkappaBD-treated animals with the rapid re-emergence of functional goblet cells and a return to normal patterns of cell proliferation in the mucosal epithelium and smooth muscle cell layers. CONCLUSIONS These data support the potential use of "naked" NFkappaBD as a cross-functional therapeutic in IBD, and show for the first time that it can facilitate the restoration of colon homeostasis and function.
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Sacre SM, Andreakos E, Kiriakidis S, Amjadi P, Lundberg A, Giddins G, Feldmann M, Brennan F, Foxwell BM. The Toll-like receptor adaptor proteins MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP contribute to the inflammatory and destructive processes in a human model of rheumatoid arthritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:518-25. [PMID: 17255320 PMCID: PMC1851858 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread distribution of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands raises the question whether they contribute to the production of inflammatory and tissue destructive molecules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the expression and function of TLR2 and TLR4 and their downstream signaling adaptors MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP in synovial membrane cultures from RA tissue. Both TLR2 and TLR4 were detected by flow cytometry, and stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands augmented the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, indicating that TLR2 and TLR4 are functional in these cultures. In addition, overexpression of dominant-negative forms of MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP significantly down-regulated the spontaneous production of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and enzymes MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-13 in RA synovial membrane cell cultures. Because TLR2 and TLR4 require both MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP for signaling, this study suggests that TLR function may regulate the expression of these factors in the RA synovium. Conditioned media from synovial membrane cell cultures stimulated human macrophages in a MyD88- and Mal-dependent manner, suggesting the release of a TLR ligand(s) from these cells. Thus, TLRs not only protect against infection but may also promote the inflammatory and destructive process in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sacre
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, and the Department of Orthopedics, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
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42
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Hofer E, Schweighofer B. Signal transduction induced in endothelial cells by growth factor receptors involved in angiogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97:355-63. [PMID: 17334501 PMCID: PMC2879321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
New vessel formation during development and in the adult is triggered by concerted signals of largely endothelial-specific receptors for ligands of the VEGF, angiopoietin and ephrin families. The signals and genes induced by these receptors operate in the context of additional signals transduced by non-endothelial specific growth factor receptors, inflammatory cytokine receptors as well as adhesion molecules. We summarize here available data on characteristic signaling of the VEGF receptor-2 and the current state of knowledge regarding the additional different receptor tyrosine kinases of the VEGF, Tie and Ephrin receptor families. Furthermore, the potential cross-talk with signals induced by other growth factors and inflammatory cytokines as well as the modulation by VE-cadherin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Hofer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Beech JT, Andreakos E, Ciesielski CJ, Green P, Foxwell BMJ, Brennan FM. T-cell contact-dependent regulation of CC and CXC chemokine production in monocytes through differential involvement of NFkappaB: implications for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R168. [PMID: 17101049 PMCID: PMC1794512 DOI: 10.1186/ar2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others have reported that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial T cells can activate human monocytes/macrophages in a contact-dependent manner to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In the present study we demonstrate that RA synovial T cells without further activation can also induce monocyte CC and CXC chemokine production in a contact-dependent manner. The transcription factor NFκB is differentially involved in this process as CXC chemokines but not CC chemokines are inhibited after overexpression of IκBα, the natural inhibitor of NFκB. This effector function of RA synovial T cells is also shared by T cells activated with a cytokine cocktail containing IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα, but not T cells activated by anti-CD3 cross-linking that mimics TCR engagement. This study demonstrates for the first time that RA synovial T cells as well as cytokine-activated T cells are able to induce monocyte chemokine production in a contact-dependent manner and through NFκB-dependent and NFκB-independent mechanisms, in a process influenced by the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase pathway. Moreover, this study provides further evidence that cytokine-activated T cells share aspects of their effector function with RA synovial T cells and that their targeting in the clinic has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Beech
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, Center for Immunology and Transplantations, 4 Soranou tou Ephessiou, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Cathleen J Ciesielski
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
| | - Patricia Green
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
| | - Brian MJ Foxwell
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
| | - Fionula M Brennan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
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Schweighofer B, Schultes J, Pomyje J, Hofer E. Signals and genes induced by angiogenic growth factors in comparison to inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2007; 37:57-62. [PMID: 17641395 PMCID: PMC3103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of signaling pathways leading to gene induction by VEGF-A and IL-1 in endothelial cells supports the importance of the NF-kappaB pathway for the IL-1-induced gene repertoire, whereas VEGF-A is a strong and preferential trigger of signals via PLC-gamma. This leads (i) via Ca(++) to the activation of calcineurin and NFAT and (ii) via PKC and the MEK/ERK MAPK pathway to the upregulation of EGR-1. Part of the VEGF-triggered gene induction depends on a cooperation of the transcription factors NFAT and EGR-1. Gene activation via PLC-gamma provides VEGF with the potency to induce a wide spectrum of genes including many also upregulated by IL-1. A gene upregulated by VEGF and IL-1 is the DSCR-1 gene, which encodes an inhibitor of calcineurin. DSCR1 is induced by NFAT or NF-kappaB and limits Ca(++) signaling in a negative feed-back loop. Similarly, NAB2, a corepressor of EGR-1, is induced by EGR-1 and limits EGR-1 effects. Adenoviral overexpression of DSCR1 or NAB2 inhibited part of VEGF-induced gene expression and reduced sprouting in angiogenesis models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erhard Hofer
- Corresponding author: Dr Edward Hofer, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna. Austria. Tel.: +43 1 40160 33111; Fax: +43 1 40160 339100;
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45
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Chen M, Li W, Wang N, Zhu Y, Wang X. ROS and NF-kappaB but not LXR mediate IL-1beta signaling for the downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 292:C1493-501. [PMID: 17135302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00016.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a pivotal regulator of cholesterol efflux from cells to apolipoproteins, plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. As an inflammatory factor, IL-1beta has been shown to downregulate ABCA1 in macrophages and facilitates foam cell formation. However, the molecular mechanism underlining the downregulated ABCA1 by IL-1beta is still elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that IL-1beta downregulated ABCA1 but not ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner in THP-1 and A549 cells. IL-1beta attenuated ABCA1 promoter activity through an LXR (liver X receptor)-independent pathway, since IL-1beta did not alter the expression and activities of LXRalpha/beta, and deletion of the LXR responsive element from the ABCA1 promoter failed to reverse the IL-1beta effect. In contrast, NF-kappaB inhibition by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and MG132 prevented the suppression of ABCA1 by IL-1beta. Cotransfection with ABCA1 luciferase reporter and the expression plasmids of Rel A decreased ABCA1 promoter activities. An adenovirus expressing NF-kappaB inhibitor subunit-alpha inhibited NF-kappaB activities and also reversed the IL-1beta effect at the promoter activity and protein levels of ABCA1. In addition, IL-1beta could induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, reversed the decreased level of ABCA1 induced by IL-1beta. H(2)O(2) decreased ABCA1 at the mRNA and protein levels and the promoter activity. Thus our data provide strong evidence that ROS and NF-kappaB, but not LXR, mediate the IL-1beta-induced downregulation of ABCA1 via a novel transcriptional mechanism, which might play an important role of proinflammation in the alteration of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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46
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Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. The potential role of fucosylated cationic liposome/NFkappaB decoy complexes in the treatment of cytokine-related liver disease. Biomaterials 2006; 28:532-9. [PMID: 16982089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine production by Kupffer cells, which is regulated by NFkappaB, causes severe liver injury in endotoxin syndrome. NFkappaB decoy has been reported to inhibit NFkappaB-mediated transcription. The purpose of this study is to inhibit LPS-induced cytokine production by Kupffer cell-targeted delivery of NFkappaB decoy using fucosylated cationic liposomes (Fuc-liposomes). Cholesten-5-yloxy-N-{4-[(1-imino-2-L-thiofucosyl-ethyl)-amino] butyl-}formamide (Fuc-C4-Chol) was synthesized to prepare Fuc-liposomes. Tissue accumulation, intrahepatic distribution and serum cytokine concentrations were investigated after intravenous injection of Fuc-liposomes/NFkappaB decoy complexes. Intravenously injected Fuc-liposome complexes rapidly and highly accumulated in the liver while little naked NFkappaB decoy accumulated in the liver. An intrahepatic distribution study showed that Fuc-liposome complexes are mainly taken up by non-parenchymal cells. The liver accumulation of Fuc-liposome complexes was inhibited by GdCl(3) pretreatment, which selectively inhibited Kupffer cell uptake. This result suggested that Kupffer cells contribute to liver accumulation. TNFalpha, IFNgamma, ALT and AST serum levels in LPS-infected mice were significantly attenuated by treatment with Fuc-liposome complexes compared with naked NFkappaB decoy. Fuc-liposome complexes also reduced the amount of activated NFkappaB in the liver nuclei. Fuc-liposomes would be a useful carrier for Kupffer cell-selective delivery of NFkappaB decoy by intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Yang DI, Chen S, Ezekiel UR, Xu J, Wu Y, Hsu CY. Antisense RNA to inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces cytokine-mediated brain endothelial cell death. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1042:439-47. [PMID: 15965090 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1338.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We test whether inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can exert a cytoprotective effect on cerebral endothelial cells upon stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mouse brain endothelial cells were stably transfected to express an antisense RNA against iNOS driven by an endothelium-specific von Willebrand factor (vWF) promoter. Upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), antisense transfectants showed less iNOS enzymatic activity with less nitric oxide (NO) when compared to the sense control cells. Correspondingly, the antisense cells showed a reduced LDH release and less cytosolic content of oligonucleosomes. These findings establish a cell-specific antisense strategy and confirm the cytotoxic role of iNOS expression in cultured cerebral endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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48
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MacKenzie CJ, Ritchie E, Paul A, Plevin R. IKKalpha and IKKbeta function in TNFalpha-stimulated adhesion molecule expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2006; 19:75-80. [PMID: 16872805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of NFkappaB and it's upstream kinases in regulating adhesion molecule expression in the smooth muscle of the vasculature remains controversial. We therefore examined the effect of blocking the NFkappaB pathway on TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in primary cultures of human aortic smooth muscle cells using an adenoviral wild-type IkappaB alpha construct (Ad.IkappaB alpha) and dominant-negative IKKalpha (Ad.IKKalpha+/-) and IKKbeta (Ad.IKKbeta+/-) constructs. Ad.IkappaB alpha treatment was found to block NFkappaB DNA-binding, and thereby completely prevent TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression without influencing IKK activity. Ad.IKKbeta+/- treatment completely inhibited TNFalpha-stimulated IKK kinase activity, IkappaB alpha degradation and NFkappaB DNA-binding in addition to completely blocking TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Ad.IKKalpha+/- treatment however had no detectable effect on NFkappaB DNA-binding or ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Our results demonstrate that TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells is NFkappaB-dependent, that IKKbeta is a suitable target for drug therapy and Ad.IKKbeta+/- an effective inhibitor of TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J MacKenzie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK.
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49
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Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Oka M, Yabe Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Intravenous administration of mannosylated cationic liposome/NFκB decoy complexes effectively prevent LPS-induced cytokine production in a murine liver failure model. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3706-14. [PMID: 16765948 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to inhibit endotoxin induced cytokines production and liver injury by liver non-parenchymal cell (NPC) selective delivery of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) decoy using mannosylated cationic liposomes (Man-liposomes). In this study, we examined the distribution, inhibitory effect on cytokines production and ALT/AST of intravenously injected Man-liposome/NFkappaB decoy complex. Man-liposome/[(32)P] NFkappaB decoy complexes mostly accumulated in the liver, preferentially in NPC. In a murine lipopolysaccharide-induced liver failure model, the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), IFNgamma, IL1-beta, ALT and AST were effectively reduced by Man-liposome complexes. However, cationic or galactosylated cationic liposome complexes could not inhibit TNFalpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Harari OA, Alcaide P, Ahl D, Luscinskas FW, Liao JK. Absence of TRAM restricts Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells to the MyD88 pathway. Circ Res 2006; 98:1134-40. [PMID: 16574902 PMCID: PMC2701732 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000220105.85182.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through a cognate receptor: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The signaling pathways, which link TLR4 to the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), occur through the intracellular docking proteins MyD88 and Trif. We hypothesize that unlike antigen-presenting cells, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lack the Trif protein TRAM and are therefore incapable of eliciting Trif-dependent immune responses to LPS. Stimulation of wild-type mice with LPS leads to the activation of NF-kappaB in ECs and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to macrophages, LPS did not activate endothelial NF-kappaB or NF-kappaB-dependent genes in MyD88(-/-) mice, suggesting the absence of a functional Trif pathway in vascular ECs. Indeed, the Trif-dependent gene cxcl10 was not expressed in ECs after LPS stimulation. This correlated with diminished expression of the Trif accessory TIR protein TRAM in ECs. Overexpression of TRAM cDNA in ECs reconstituted LPS-induced Trif-dependent NF-kappaB activation and cxcl10 promoter activity. The functional absence of TRAM in vascular ECs restricts TLR4 signaling to MyD88-dependent pathway. This is in contrast to macrophages, which respond to LPS via both Trif- and MyD88-dependent pathways. These findings indicate that vascular ECs do not express the Trif-dependent gene subset. This implies that these genes may be dispensable for the endothelial response to bacterial infection and play no role in the endothelial contribution to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier A Harari
- Vascular Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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