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Knutson KL. Regulation of Tumor Dendritic Cells by Programmed Cell Death 1 Pathways. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1397-1405. [PMID: 38621195 PMCID: PMC11027937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint blockade therapy has revolutionized cancer treatments and is partly responsible for the significant decline in cancer-related mortality observed during the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have demonstrated remarkable clinical successes in a subset of cancer patients. However, a considerable proportion of patients remain refractory to immune checkpoint blockade, prompting the exploration of mechanisms of treatment resistance. Whereas much emphasis has been placed on the role of PD-L1 and PD-1 in regulating the activity of tumor-infiltrating T cells, recent studies have now shown that this immunoregulatory axis also directly regulates myeloid cell activity in the tumor microenvironment including tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. In this review, I discuss the most recent advances in the understanding of how PD-1, PD-L1, and programmed cell death ligand 2 regulate the function of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, emphasizing the need for further mechanistic studies that could facilitate the development of novel combination immunotherapies for improved cancer patient benefit.
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Régnier P, Vetillard M, Bansard A, Pierre E, Li X, Cagnard N, Gautier EL, Guermonprez P, Manoury B, Podsypanina K, Darrasse-Jèze G. FLT3L-dependent dendritic cells control tumor immunity by modulating Treg and NK cell homeostasis. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101256. [PMID: 38118422 PMCID: PMC10772324 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
FLT3-L-dependent classical dendritic cells (cDCs) recruit anti-tumor and tumor-protecting lymphocytes. We evaluate cancer growth in mice with low, normal, or high levels of cDCs. Paradoxically, both low or high numbers of cDCs improve survival in mice with melanoma. In low cDC context, tumors are restrained by the adaptive immune system through influx of effector T cells and depletion of Tregs and NK cells. High cDC numbers favor the innate anti-tumor response, with massive recruitment of activated NK cells, despite high Treg infiltration. Anti CTLA-4 but not anti PD-1 therapy synergizes with FLT3-L therapy in the cDCHi but not in the cDCLo context. A combination of cDC boost and Treg depletion dramatically improves survival of tumor-bearing mice. Transcriptomic data confirm the paradoxical effect of cDC levels on survival in several human tumor types. cDCHi-TregLo state in such patients predicts best survival. Modulating cDC numbers via FLT3 signaling may have therapeutic potential in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Régnier
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DMU3ID, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Vetillard
- Université de Paris Cité, Centre for Inflammation Research, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France; Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Bansard
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | - Xinyue Li
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Inserm, UMR_S1166, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Université de Paris Cité, Centre for Inflammation Research, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France; Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Katrina Podsypanina
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Darrasse-Jèze
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
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Amon L, Dudziak D, Backer RA, Clausen BE, Gmeiner C, Heger L, Jacobi L, Lehmann CHK, Probst HC, Seichter A, Tchitashvili G, Tochoedo NR, Trapaidze L, Vurnek D. Guidelines for DC preparation and flow cytometry analysis of mouse lymphohematopoietic tissues. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249893. [PMID: 36563125 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human DC from lymphoid organs, and various non-lymphoid tissues. Within this chapter, detailed protocols are presented that allow for the generation of single-cell suspensions from mouse lymphohematopoietic tissues including spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, and thymus, with a focus on the subsequent analysis of DC by flow cytometry. However, prepared single-cell suspensions can be subjected to other applications including sorting and cellular enrichment procedures, RNA sequencing, Western blotting, and many more. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald A Backer
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Gmeiner
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Jacobi
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Probst
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Seichter
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgi Tchitashvili
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nounagnon Romaric Tochoedo
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lizi Trapaidze
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Cheng H, Chen W, Lin Y, Zhang J, Song X, Zhang D. Signaling pathways involved in the biological functions of dendritic cells and their implications for disease treatment. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:15. [PMID: 37183207 PMCID: PMC10183318 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses is fundamental for maintaining immune homeostasis upon exposure to self or foreign antigens. The immune regulatory function of DCs is strictly controlled by their distribution as well as by cytokines, chemokines, and transcriptional programming. These factors work in conjunction to determine whether DCs exert an immunosuppressive or immune-activating function. Therefore, understanding the molecular signals involved in DC-dependent immunoregulation is crucial in providing insight into the generation of organismal immunity and revealing potential clinical applications of DCs. Considering the many breakthroughs in DC research in recent years, in this review we focused on three basic lines of research directly related to the biological functions of DCs and summarized new immunotherapeutic strategies involving DCs. First, we reviewed recent findings on DC subsets and identified lineage-restricted transcription factors that guide the development of different DC subsets. Second, we discussed the recognition and processing of antigens by DCs through pattern recognition receptors, endogenous/exogenous pathways, and the presentation of antigens through peptide/major histocompatibility complexes. Third, we reviewed how interactions between DCs and T cells coordinate immune homeostasis in vivo via multiple pathways. Finally, we summarized the application of DC-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases and tumors and highlighted potential research prospects for immunotherapy that targets DCs. This review provides a useful resource to better understand the immunomodulatory signals involved in different subsets of DCs and the manipulation of these immune signals can facilitate DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Song
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Bowakim-Anta N, Acolty V, Azouz A, Yagita H, Leo O, Goriely S, Oldenhove G, Moser M. Chronic CD27-CD70 costimulation promotes type 1-specific polarization of effector Tregs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1023064. [PMID: 36993956 PMCID: PMC10041113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1023064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMost T lymphocytes, including regulatory T cells, express the CD27 costimulatory receptor in steady state conditions. There is evidence that CD27 engagement on conventional T lymphocytes favors the development of Th1 and cytotoxic responses in mice and humans, but the impact on the regulatory lineage is unknown.MethodsIn this report, we examined the effect of constitutive CD27 engagement on both regulatory and conventional CD4+ T cells in vivo, in the absence of intentional antigenic stimulation.ResultsOur data show that both T cell subsets polarize into type 1 Tconvs or Tregs, characterized by cell activation, cytokine production, response to IFN-γ and CXCR3-dependent migration to inflammatory sites. Transfer experiments suggest that CD27 engagement triggers Treg activation in a cell autonomous fashion.ConclusionWe conclude that CD27 may regulate the development of Th1 immunity in peripheral tissues as well as the subsequent switch of the effector response into long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bowakim-Anta
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Acolty
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Oldenhove
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Muriel Moser,
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Piacente F, Bottero M, Benzi A, Vigo T, Uccelli A, Bruzzone S, Ferrara G. Neuroprotective Potential of Dendritic Cells and Sirtuins in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084352. [PMID: 35457169 PMCID: PMC9025744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular and meningeal macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), are present in the central nervous system (CNS) and establish an intricate relationship with other cells, playing a crucial role both in health and in neurological diseases. In this context, DCs are critical to orchestrating the immune response linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. Under steady-state conditions, DCs patrol the CNS, sampling their local environment and acting as sentinels. During neuroinflammation, the resulting activation of DCs is a critical step that drives the inflammatory response or the resolution of inflammation with the participation of different cell types of the immune system (macrophages, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes), resident cells of the CNS and soluble factors. Although the importance of DCs is clearly recognized, their exact function in CNS disease is still debated. In this review, we will discuss modern concepts of DC biology in steady-state and during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Here, we will also address some key aspects involving DCs in CNS patrolling, highlighting the neuroprotective nature of DCs and emphasizing their therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurological conditions. Recently, inhibition of the NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylase sirtuin 6 was demonstrated to delay the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, by dampening DC trafficking towards inflamed LNs. Thus, a special focus will be dedicated to sirtuins’ role in DCs functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marta Bottero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Tiziana Vigo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)10-353-8150
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
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7
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Systemic bacterial infections affect dendritic cell development and function. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151517. [PMID: 34233227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in host defense against infection. DC depletion is an early event in the course of sepsis that may impair the host defense mechanisms. Here, we addressed whether DC depletion and dysfunction are pathogen-independent, mediated via pattern recognition receptors, and are due to impaired DC development upon systemic infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Infection with E. coli and S. aureus led to reduced numbers of splenic DC subsets and of DC progenitors in the bone marrow (BM) with this effect persisting significantly longer in mice infected with S. aureus than with E. coli. The reduction of DC subsets and their progenitors was mainly TLR-independent as was the infection-induced monopoiesis. Moreover, de novo DC development was impaired in mice infected with S. aureus, and BM cells from E. coli or S. aureus infected mice favored macrophage differentiation in vitro. As a consequence of reduced DC numbers and their reduced expression of MHC II less CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, especially Th1 and IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells, could be detected in S. aureus compared to E. coli infected mice. These differences are reflected in the rapid killing of E. coli as opposed to an increase in bacterial load in S. aureus. In summary, our study supports the idea that systemic bacterial infections generally affect the number and development of DCs and thereby the T cell responses, but the magnitude is pathogen-dependent.
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Luu T, Cheung JF, Baccon J, Waldner H. Priming of myelin-specific T cells in the absence of dendritic cells results in accelerated development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250340. [PMID: 33891644 PMCID: PMC8064509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an established animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses directed against CNS antigens, including myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), are key mediators of EAE. Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the induction of T cell responses against infectious agents. However, the importance of DCs in priming self-reactive CD4+ T cells in autoimmune disease such as MS has been unclear. To determine the requirement of DCs in PLP-specific CD4+ T cell responses and EAE, we genetically deleted CD11c+ DCs in PLP T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic SJL mice constitutively. DC deficiency did not impair the development, selection or the pathogenic function of PLP-specific CD4+ T cells in these mice, and resulted in accelerated spontaneous EAE compared to DC sufficient controls. In addition, using a genetic approach to ablate DCs conditionally in SJL mice, we show that CD11c+ DCs were dispensable for presenting exogenous or endogenous myelin antigen to PLP-specific T cells and for promoting pro-inflammatory T cell responses and severe EAE. Our findings demonstrate that constitutive or conditional ablation of CD11c+ DCs diminished self-tolerance to PLP autoantigen. They further show that in the absence of DCs, non-DCs can efficiently present CNS myelin antigens such as PLP to self-reactive T cells, resulting in accelerated onset of spontaneous or induced EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiphi Luu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julie F. Cheung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Baccon
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hanspeter Waldner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Madley R, Nauman G, Danzl N, Borsotti C, Khosravi Maharlooei M, Li HW, Chavez E, Creusot RJ, Nakayama M, Roep B, Sykes M. Negative selection of human T cells recognizing a naturally-expressed tissue-restricted antigen in the human thymus. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100061. [PMID: 32875283 PMCID: PMC7451786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During T cell development in mice, thymic negative selection deletes cells with the potential to recognize and react to self-antigens. In human T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, T cells reactive to autoantigens are thought to escape negative selection, traffic to the periphery and attack self-tissues. However, physiological thymic negative selection of autoreactive human T cells has not been previously studied. We now describe a human T-cell receptor-transgenic humanized mouse model that permits the study of autoreactive T-cell development in a human thymus. Our studies demonstrate that thymocytes expressing the autoreactive Clone 5 TCR, which recognizes insulin B:9-23 presented by HLA-DQ8, are efficiently negatively selected at the double and single positive stage in human immune systems derived from HLA-DQ8+ HSCs. In the absence of hematopoietic expression of the HLA restriction element, negative selection of Clone 5 is less efficient and restricted to the single positive stage. To our knowledge, these data provide the first demonstration of negative selection of human T cells recognizing a naturally-expressed tissue-restricted antigen. Intrathymic antigen presenting cells are required to delete less mature thymocytes, while presentation by medullary thymic epithelial cells may be sufficient to delete more mature single positive cells. These observations set the stage for investigation of putative defects in negative selection in human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Madley
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA,Columbia University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Grace Nauman
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA,Columbia University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nichole Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mohsen Khosravi Maharlooei
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hao Wei Li
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estefania Chavez
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Remi J. Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bart Roep
- Department of Immunohaematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA,Columbia University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, 10032, USA,Columbia University Department of Surgery, New York, NY, 10032, USA,Corresponding author. Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Morales Del Valle C, Maxwell JR, Xu MM, Menoret A, Mittal P, Tsurutani N, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Costimulation Induces CD4 T Cell Antitumor Immunity via an Innate-like Mechanism. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1434-1445.e3. [PMID: 31042471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to tumor-associated antigens inactivates cognate T cells, restricting the repertoire of tumor-specific effector T cells. This problem was studied here by transferring TCR transgenic CD4 T cells into recipient mice that constitutively express a cognate self-antigen linked to MHC II on CD11c-bearing cells. Immunotherapeutic agonists to CD134 plus CD137, "dual costimulation," induces specific CD4 T cell expansion and expression of the receptor for the Th2-associated IL-1 family cytokine IL-33. Rather than producing IL-4, however, they express the tumoricidal Th1 cytokine IFNγ when stimulated with IL-33 or IL-36 (a related IL-1 family member) plus IL-12 or IL-2. IL-36, which is induced within B16-F10 melanomas by dual costimulation, reduces tumor growth when injected intratumorally as a monotherapy and boosts the efficacy of tumor-nonspecific dual costimulated CD4 T cells. Dual costimulation thus enables chronic antigen-exposed CD4 T cells, regardless of tumor specificity, to elaborate tumoricidal function in response to tumor-associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R Maxwell
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Naomi Tsurutani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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11
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Kwun J, Li J, Rouse C, Park JB, Farris AB, Kuchibhatla M, Turek JW, Knechtle SJ, Kirk AD, Markert ML. Cultured thymus tissue implantation promotes donor-specific tolerance to allogeneic heart transplants. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129983. [PMID: 32352934 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty-six infants born without a thymus have been treated with allogeneic cultured thymus tissue implantation (CTTI). These infants, who lack T cells and are profoundly immunodeficient at birth, after CTTI from an unmatched donor develop T cells similar to those of recipient that are tolerant to both their own major histocompatibility antigens and those of the donor. We tested use of CTTI with the goal of inducing tolerance to unmatched heart transplants in immunocompetent rats. We thymectomized and T cell-depleted Lewis rats. The rats were then given cultured thymus tissue from F1 (Lewis × Dark Agouti ) under the kidney capsule and vascularized Dark Agouti (DA) heart transplants in the abdomen. Cyclosporine was administered for 4 months. The control group did not receive CTTI. Recipients with CTTI showed repopulation of naive and recent thymic emigrant CD4 T cells; controls had none. Recipients of CTTI did not reject DA cardiac allografts. Control animals did not reject DA grafts, due to lack of functional T cells. To confirm donor-specific unresponsiveness, MHC-mismatched Brown Norway (BN) hearts were transplanted 6 months after the initial DA heart transplant. LW rats with LWxDA CTTI rejected the third-party BN hearts (mean survival time 10 days); controls did not. CTTI recipients produced antibody against third-party BN donor but not against the DA thymus donor, demonstrating humoral donor-specific tolerance. Taken together, F1(LWxDA) CTTI given to Lewis rats resulted in specific tolerance to the allogeneic DA MHC expressed in the donor thymus, with resulting long-term survival of DA heart transplants after withdrawal of all immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clay Rouse
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Joseph W Turek
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Louise Markert
- Department of Immunology, and.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Abstract
During the past few years, there has been a substantial increase in the understanding of innate immunity. Dendritic cells are emerging as key players in the orchestration of this early phase of immune responses, with a role that will translate into the subsequent type of adaptive immune response against infection. Here we provide an overview of dendritic cell differentiation and function, with particular emphasis on those features unique to the immune defense of the peritoneal cavity and in the context of peritoneal dialysis-associated immune responses. The reader is referred to the primary references included in the accompanying list for specific details in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. McCully
- The FOCIS Centre for Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapeutics, Robarts Research Institute, and the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joaquín Madrenas
- The FOCIS Centre for Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapeutics, Robarts Research Institute, and the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Balan S, Saxena M, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cell subsets and locations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:1-68. [PMID: 31810551 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique class of immune cells that act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. The discovery of DCs by Cohen and Steinman in 1973 laid the foundation for DC biology, and the advances in the field identified different versions of DCs with unique properties and functions. DCs originate from hematopoietic stem cells, and their differentiation is modulated by Flt3L. They are professional antigen-presenting cells that patrol the environmental interphase, sites of infection, or infiltrate pathological tissues looking for antigens that can be used to activate effector cells. DCs are critical for the initiation of the cellular and humoral immune response and protection from infectious diseases or tumors. DCs can take up antigens using specialized surface receptors such as endocytosis receptors, phagocytosis receptors, and C type lectin receptors. Moreover, DCs are equipped with an array of extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors for sensing different danger signals. Upon sensing the danger signals, DCs get activated, upregulate costimulatory molecules, produce various cytokines and chemokines, take up antigen and process it and migrate to lymph nodes where they present antigens to both CD8 and CD4 T cells. DCs are classified into different subsets based on an integrated approach considering their surface phenotype, expression of unique and conserved molecules, ontogeny, and functions. They can be broadly classified as conventional DCs consisting of two subsets (DC1 and DC2), plasmacytoid DCs, inflammatory DCs, and Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Balan
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Mansi Saxena
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Guttman-Yassky E, Zhou L, Krueger JG. The skin as an immune organ: Tolerance versus effector responses and applications to food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:362-374. [PMID: 30954522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin is replete with immunocompetent cells that modulate signaling pathways to maintain a salubrious immunogenic/tolerogenic balance. This fertile immune environment plays a significant role in the development of allergic responses and sensitivities, but the mechanisms underlying these pathways have been underappreciated and underused with respect to developing therapeutics. Among the complex repertoire of cells that promote tolerogenic pathways in the periphery, 2 key classes include dendritic cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immature dendritic cells are the first line of defense, patrolling the periphery, sampling antigens, and secreting cytokines that suppress immune cells and promote the survival of Treg cells. Skin-homing Treg cells also play a critical role in mitigating the reactivity of immune cells, secreting high levels of cytokines that promote tolerance. Therapeutic approaches that capitalize on our knowledge of the rich cellular and molecular environment are emerging and show great promise. We will discuss the advantages and challenges of 5 such strategies and how these therapies might mitigate the atopic march by facilitating tolerance. We conclude that skin is a multifaceted structure that provides a fertile ground for therapeutic discovery. Accordingly, ongoing work in this domain will no doubt continue to deliver exciting progress for improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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15
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Ruedl C, Jung S. DTR-mediated conditional cell ablation-Progress and challenges. Eur J Immunol 2019; 48:1114-1119. [PMID: 29974950 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell ablation is a valuable complement to mutagenesis for experimentally defining specific cell functions in physiology and pathophysiology in small animal models. One of the most popular ablation strategies involves transgenic expression of a primate diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) on murine cells that are otherwise resistant to the bacterial exotoxin. The efforts of many laboratories using the DTR approach over the years have yielded numerous valuable insights into specific cell functions. Here, we will discuss the technical aspects of the DTR approach, including the strengths, pitfalls, and future strategies to overcome the shortcomings, highlighting a recent paper published in the European Journal of Immunology [El Hachem et al. Eur. J. Immunol. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201747351]. A particular focus will be given to the application of DTR approach to decipher in vivo functions of the murine myeloid cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Pigni M, Ashok D, Stevanin M, Acha-Orbea H. Establishment and Characterization of a Functionally Competent Type 2 Conventional Dendritic Cell Line. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1912. [PMID: 30197645 PMCID: PMC6117413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and possess an incomparable ability to activate and instruct T cells, which makes them one of the cornerstones in the regulation of the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, a deep understanding of DC biology lays the foundations to describe and to harness the mechanisms that regulate the development of the adaptive response, with clear implications in a vast array of fields such as the study of autoimmune diseases and the development of new vaccines. However, the great difficulty to obtain large quantities of viable non-activated DCs for experimentation have considerably hindered the progress of DC research. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations by promoting an increase of DC abundance in vivo, by inducing DC development from DC progenitors in vitro and by generating stable DC lines. In the past years, we have described a method to derive immortalized stable DC lines, named MutuDCs, from the spleens of Mushi1 mice, a transgenic mouse strain that express the simian virus 40 Large T-oncogene in the DCs. The comparison of these DC lines with the vast variety of DC subsets described in vivo has shown that all the MutuDC lines that we have generated so far have phenotypic and functional features of type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s). With the purpose of deriving DC lines with characteristics of type 2 conventional DCs (cDC2s), we bred a new Batf3-/- Mushi1 murine line in which the development of the cDC1 subset is severely defective. The new MutuDC line that we generated from Batf3-/- Mushi1 mice was phenotypically and functionally characterized in this work. Our results demonstrated that all the tested characteristics of this new cell line, including the expression of subset-determining transcription factors, the profile of cytokine production and the ability to present antigens, are comparable with the features of splenic CD4- cDC2s. Therefore, we concluded that our new cell line, that we named CD4- MutuDC2 line, represents a valuable model for the CD4- cDC2 subset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
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17
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Jimenez RV, Wright TT, Jones NR, Wu J, Gibson AW, Szalai AJ. C-Reactive Protein Impairs Dendritic Cell Development, Maturation, and Function: Implications for Peripheral Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:372. [PMID: 29556231 PMCID: PMC5845098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is the prototypical acute phase reactant, increasing in blood concentration rapidly and several-fold in response to inflammation. Recent evidence indicates that CRP has an important physiological role even at low, baseline levels, or in the absence of overt inflammation. For example, we have shown that human CRP inhibits the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in CRP transgenic mice by shifting CD4+ T cells away from the TH1 and toward the TH2 subset. Notably, this action required the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB), but did not require high levels of human CRP. Herein, we sought to determine if CRP’s influence in EAE might be explained by CRP acting on dendritic cells (DC; antigen presenting cells known to express FcγRIIB). We found that CRP (50 µg/ml) reduced the yield of CD11c+ bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and CRP (≥5 μg/ml) prevented their full expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and the co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. CRP also decreased the ability of BMDCs to stimulate antigen-driven proliferation of T cells in vitro. Importantly, if the BMDCs were genetically deficient in mouse FcγRIIB then (i) the ability of CRP to alter BMDC surface phenotype and impair T cell proliferation was ablated and (ii) CD11c-driven expression of a human FCGR2B transgene rescued the CRP effect. Lastly, the protective influence of CRP in EAE was fully restored in mice with CD11c-driven human FcγRIIB expression. These findings add to the growing evidence that CRP has important biological effects even in the absence of an acute phase response, i.e., CRP acts as a tonic suppressor of the adaptive immune system. The ability of CRP to suppress development, maturation, and function of DCs implicates CRP in the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Tyler T Wright
- Division of Drug Development, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicholas R Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Andrew W Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexander J Szalai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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18
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Bigley V, Cytlak U, Collin M. Human dendritic cell immunodeficiencies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 86:50-61. [PMID: 29452225 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The critical functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in immunity and tolerance have been demonstrated in many animal models but their non-redundant roles in humans are more difficult to probe. Human primary immunodeficiency (PID), resulting from single gene mutations, may result in DC deficiency or dysfunction. This relatively recent recognition illuminates the in vivo role of human DCs and the pathophysiology of the associated clinical syndromes. In this review, the development and function of DCs as established in murine models and human in vitro systems, discussed. This forms the basis of predicting the effects of DC deficiency in vivo and understanding the consequences of specific mutations on DC development and function. DC deficiency syndromes are associated with heterozygous GATA2 mutation, bi-allelic and heterozygous IRF8 mutation and heterozygous IKZF1 mutation. The intricate involvement of DCs in the balance between immunity and tolerance is leading to increased recognition of their involvement in a number of other immunodeficiencies and autoimmune conditions. Owing to the precise control of transcription factor gene expression by super-enhancer elements, phenotypic anomalies are relatively commonly caused by heterozygous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bigley
- Human DC Lab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Urszula Cytlak
- Human DC Lab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Collin
- Human DC Lab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Martín-Gayo E, González-García S, García-León MJ, Murcia-Ceballos A, Alcain J, García-Peydró M, Allende L, de Andrés B, Gaspar ML, Toribio ML. Spatially restricted JAG1-Notch signaling in human thymus provides suitable DC developmental niches. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3361-3379. [PMID: 28947612 PMCID: PMC5679173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Martín-Gayo et al. report that human early thymic progenitors can undergo a GATA2-dependent myeloid developmental program leading to resident dendritic cells (DCs) upon JAG1-Notch activation. The identification of JAG1+ DC-permissive intrathymic niches validates the human thymus as a DC-poietic organ. A key unsolved question regarding the developmental origin of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cDCs and pDCs, respectively) resident in the steady-state thymus is whether early thymic progenitors (ETPs) could escape T cell fate constraints imposed normally by a Notch-inductive microenvironment and undergo DC development. By modeling DC generation in bulk and clonal cultures, we show here that Jagged1 (JAG1)-mediated Notch signaling allows human ETPs to undertake a myeloid transcriptional program, resulting in GATA2-dependent generation of CD34+ CD123+ progenitors with restricted pDC, cDC, and monocyte potential, whereas Delta-like1 signaling down-regulates GATA2 and impairs myeloid development. Progressive commitment to the DC lineage also occurs intrathymically, as myeloid-primed CD123+ monocyte/DC and common DC progenitors, equivalent to those previously identified in the bone marrow, are resident in the normal human thymus. The identification of a discrete JAG1+ thymic medullary niche enriched for DC-lineage cells expressing Notch receptors further validates the human thymus as a DC-poietic organ, which provides selective microenvironments permissive for DC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J García-León
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Murcia-Ceballos
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Alcain
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina García-Peydró
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Allende
- Immunology Department, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Gaspar
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Takada K, Kondo K, Takahama Y. Generation of Peptides That Promote Positive Selection in the Thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2215-2222. [PMID: 28264997 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To establish an immunocompetent TCR repertoire that is useful yet harmless to the body, a de novo thymocyte repertoire generated through the rearrangement of genes that encode TCR is shaped in the thymus through positive and negative selection. The affinity between TCRs and self-peptides associated with MHC molecules determines the fate of developing thymocytes. Low-affinity TCR engagement with self-peptide-MHC complexes mediates positive selection, a process that primarily occurs in the thymic cortex. Massive efforts exerted by many laboratories have led to the characterization of peptides that can induce positive selection. Moreover, it is now evident that protein degradation machineries unique to cortical thymic epithelial cells play a crucial role in the production of MHC-associated self-peptides for inducing positive selection. This review summarizes current knowledge on positive selection-inducing self-peptides and Ag processing machineries in cortical thymic epithelial cells. Recent studies on the role of positive selection in the functional tuning of T cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Takada
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kenta Kondo
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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21
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Audiger C, Rahman MJ, Yun TJ, Tarbell KV, Lesage S. The Importance of Dendritic Cells in Maintaining Immune Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2223-2231. [PMID: 28264998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune tolerance is necessary to prevent the immune system from reacting against self, and thus to avoid the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss key findings that position dendritic cells (DCs) as critical modulators of both thymic and peripheral immune tolerance. Although DCs are important for inducing both immunity and tolerance, increased autoimmunity associated with decreased DCs suggests their nonredundant role in tolerance induction. DC-mediated T cell immune tolerance is an active process that is influenced by genetic variants, environmental signals, as well as the nature of the specific DC subset presenting Ag to T cells. Answering the many open questions with regard to the role of DCs in immune tolerance could lead to the development of novel therapies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Audiger
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; and.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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22
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Yashiro T, Kasakura K, Oda Y, Kitamura N, Inoue A, Nakamura S, Yokoyama H, Fukuyama K, Hara M, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Nishiyama M, Nishiyama C. The hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is critical for expression of CD11c. Int Immunol 2017; 29:87-94. [PMID: 28338898 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PU.1 is a hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor belonging to the Ets family, which plays an important role in the development of dendritic cells (DCs). CD11c (encoded by Itgax) is well established as a characteristic marker of hematopoietic lineages including DCs. In the present study, we analyzed the role of PU.1 (encoded by Spi-1) in the expression of CD11c. When small interfering RNA (siRNA) for Spi-1 was introduced into bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), the mRNA level and cell surface expression of CD11c were dramatically reduced. Using reporter assays, the TTCC sequence at -56/-53 was identified to be critical for PU.1-mediated activation of the promoter. An EMSA showed that PU.1 directly bound to this region. ChIP assays demonstrated that a significant amount of PU.1 bound to this region on chromosomal DNA in BMDCs, which was decreased in LPS-stimulated BMDCs in accordance with the reduced levels of mRNAs of Itgax and Spi-1, and the histone acetylation degree. Enforced expression of exogenous PU.1 induced the expression of the CD11c protein on the cell surface of mast cells, whereas control transfectants rarely expressed CD11c. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that the expression of a transcription factor Irf4, which is a partner molecule of PU.1, was reduced in PU.1-knocked down BMDCs. IRF4 transactivated the Itgax gene in a synergistic manner with PU.1. Taken together, these results indicate that PU.1 functions as a positive regulator of CD11c gene expression by directly binding to the Itgax promoter and through transactivation of the Irf4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yashiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Oda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Nao Kitamura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Shusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hokuto Yokoyama
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kanako Fukuyama
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Collins F, Kazmi M, Muraro PA. Progress and prospects for the use and the understanding of the mode of action of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:611-622. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1297232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrika Collins
- School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Hematology, King’s College Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Majid Kazmi
- Division of Hematology, King’s College Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
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24
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Waisman A, Lukas D, Clausen BE, Yogev N. Dendritic cells as gatekeepers of tolerance. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:153-163. [PMID: 27456849 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are unique hematopoietic cells, linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, they are considered as the most potent antigen presenting cells, governing both T cell immunity and tolerance. In view of their exceptional ability to present antigen and to interact with T cells, DC play distinct roles in shaping T cell development, differentiation and function. The outcome of the DC-T cell interaction is determined by the state of DC maturation, the type of DC subset, the cytokine microenvironment and the tissue location. Both regulatory T cells (Tregs) and DC are indispensable for maintaining central and peripheral tolerance. Over the past decade, accumulating data indicate that DC critically contribute to Treg differentiation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dominika Lukas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Inducing Specific Immune Tolerance to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice. Pancreas 2016; 45:882-8. [PMID: 26784909 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proinsulin is the first autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We reasoned that coupling hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation with ex vivo transduction of syngeneic HSCs with lentiviral vectors to express proinsulin II could prevent T1D in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. METHODS Hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from 6- to 8-week-old NOD female mice and transduced in vitro with lentiviral vectors encoding proinsulin II. Preconditioned 3- to 4-week-old female NOD mice were transplanted with transduced or nontransduced HSCs and compared with age-matched unmanipulated control. The insulitis, T1D development, and immune reconstitution were assessed. RESULTS The mean (SD) insulitis score was significantly reduced (1.156 [0.575] vs 2.156 [0.892] or 3.043 [0.728], P = 0.009 or <0.001), and diabetes was nearly completely prevented (1/13 vs 5/12 or 4/9, P = 0.031 or 0.013) in recipients of transduced HSCs expressing proinsulin II as compared with recipients of nontransduced HSCs or unmanipulated control. Sialitis, reconstitution of peripheral blood leukocytes, and in vitro recall responses to ovalbumin were not different between 3 groups of mice. CONCLUSIONS Syngeneic transplantation of HSCs transduced ex vivo with lentiviral vectors to encode proinsulin II is a novel strategy to prevent T1D.
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26
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Männ L, Kochupurakkal N, Martin C, Verjans E, Klingberg A, Sody S, Kraus A, Dalimot J, Bergmüller E, Jung S, Voortman S, Winterhager E, Brandau S, Garbi N, Kurrer M, Eriksson U, Gunzer M, Hasenberg M. CD11c.DTR mice develop a fatal fulminant myocarditis after local or systemic treatment with diphtheria toxin. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2028-42. [PMID: 27184067 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) during a pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection AMs were depleted by intratracheal application of diphtheria toxin (DTX) to transgenic CD11c.DTR mice prior to fungal infection. Unexpectedly, all CD11c.DTR mice treated with DTX died within 4-5 days, whether being infected with A. fumigatus or not. Despite measurable impact of DTX on lung functional parameters, these constrictions could not explain the high mortality rate. Instead, DTX-treated CD11c.DTR animals developed fulminant myocarditis (FM) characterized by massive leukocyte infiltration and myocardial cell destruction, including central parts of the heart's stimulus transmission system. In fact, standard limb lead ECG recordings of diseased but not healthy mice showed a "Brugada"-like pattern with an abnormally high ST segment pointing to enhanced susceptibility for potential lethal arrhythmias. While CD11c.DTR mice are extensively used for the characterization of CD11c(+) cells, including dendritic cells, several studies have already mentioned adverse side effects following DTX treatment. Our results demonstrate that this limitation is based on severe myocarditis but not on the expected lung constrictions, and has to be taken into consideration if this animal model is used. Based on these properties, however, the CD11c.DTR mouse might serve as useful animal model for FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Männ
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Kochupurakkal
- Department of Research, Experimental Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Institute of Pediatrics, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anika Klingberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Sody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kraus
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jill Dalimot
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eileen Bergmüller
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sylvia Voortman
- Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Urs Eriksson
- Division of Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, GZO-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Dendritic Cells and Their Multiple Roles during Malaria Infection. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2926436. [PMID: 27110574 PMCID: PMC4823477 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2926436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses, efficiently presenting antigens to T cells. This ability relies on the presence of numerous surface and intracellular receptors capable of sensing microbial components as well as inflammation and on a very efficient machinery for antigen presentation. In this way, DCs sense the presence of a myriad of pathogens, including Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria. Despite many efforts to control this infection, malaria is still responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. Different groups have shown that DCs act during Plasmodium infection, and data suggest that the phenotypically distinct DCs subsets are key factors in the regulation of immunity during infection. In this review, we will discuss the importance of DCs for the induction of immunity against the different stages of Plasmodium, the outcomes of DCs activation, and also what is currently known about Plasmodium components that trigger such activation.
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High dose CD11c-driven IL15 is sufficient to drive NK cell maturation and anti-tumor activity in a trans-presentation independent manner. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19699. [PMID: 26822794 PMCID: PMC4731790 DOI: 10.1038/srep19699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The common gamma (γc)-chain cytokine interleukin 15 (IL15) is a multifunctional immune-modulator which impacts the generation, maturation and activity of many cell types of the innate, as well as the adaptive immune system, including natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells. Using a new series of transgenic mice, we analyzed the in vivo potential of IL15 as an immune-regulator when available at different concentrations or delivery modes, i.e. soluble monomer or complexed to its specific receptor α (Rα)-chain. We have identified distinct effects on selected IL15-responsive populations. While CD8(+) T cells required complexed forms of IL15/IL15Rα for full functionality, mature NK populations were rescued in an IL15/IL15Rα-deficient environment by high levels of CD11c-restricted IL15. These IL15-conditions were sufficient to limit tumor formation in a lung metastasis model indicating that the NK cell populations were fully functional. These data underline the potential of "free" IL15 in the absence of Rα-complex as a powerful and specific immuno-modulator, which may be beneficial where selective immune-activation is desired.
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Abstract
T cells are an essential element that regulates the balance in immunity, by killing infected cells, helping antibody formation and suppressing autoimmune responses. However, T cells are incapable of recognizing native antigens. Instead, they recognize processed peptides presented by MHC molecules. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that inform the fight against invasive pathogens while enforcing tolerance to self and harmless environmental antigens. They capture pathogens and receive signals from pathogens that influence the outcome of immune responses. On the basis of these signals, DCs orchestrate antigen specific T cell differentiation. Alternatively they can silence self-reactive T cells by inducing deletion, anergy or regulation (Treg). This article will discuss the discovery, function and development of DCs and the mechanisms by which they link innate immunity to adaptive immunity.
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Abstract
The study of the intestinal dendritic cell (DC) compartment, its homeostasis, regulation, and response to challenges calls for the investigation within the physiological tissue context comprising the unique anatomic constellation of the epithelial single cell layer and the luminal microbiota, as well as neighboring immune and nonimmune cells. Here we provide protocols we developed that use a combination of conditional cell ablation, conditional compartment mutagenesis, and adoptive precursor transfers to study DC and other intestinal mononuclear phagocytes in in vivo context. We will highlight pitfalls and strengths of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tegest Aychek
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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31
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Lee HW, Kim TS, Kang YJ, Kim JY, Lee S, Lee WJ, Sohn Y, Lee HW. Up-regulated S100 calcium binding protein A8 in Plasmodium-infected patients correlates with CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3 regulatory T cell generation. Malar J 2015; 14:385. [PMID: 26438270 PMCID: PMC4594961 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8) is elevated in the serum of patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but its function in Plasmodium vivax malaria is not yet clear. This function was investigated in P. vivax-infected patients in this study. METHODS The level of S100A8 in the serum was measured with ELISA. Full amino acids of S100A8 were synthesized to verify the functions for maturation of immature dendritic cell (iDC) and evaluation of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) generation by mature DC (mDC). RESULTS A higher amount of S100A8 was detected in vivax-infected patients (141.2 ± 61.849 ng/ml, n = 40) compared with normal control group (48.1 ± 27.384 ng/ml, n = 40). The level of S100A8 did not coincide with that of anti-malarial antibody measured by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using parasite-infected red blood cells as antigen. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was up-regulated on the surface of iDCs following treatment with synthetic S100A8, not with synthetic MSP-1, AMA-1 and CSP, as compared to the expression seen for non-treated iDCs. The addition of red blood cells of infected patients to iDCs also elevated their surface expression of CD86. However, the serum levels of S100A8 decreased with increase in parasitaemia. DCs matured by sera containing S100A8 generated Treg cells from naïve T cells. The ratio of Treg cells generated was inversely proportional to the concentration of S100A8 in sera. CONCLUSIONS Treg cells suppress the activity of cytotoxic T cells, which kill malaria parasites; therefore, the up-regulation of S100A8 in malaria patients may contribute to pathogen immune escape or tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Joong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan, Chungbuk, 367-805, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Disease, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, 363-951, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Arbovirus, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, 363-951, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Schinnerling K, Soto L, García-González P, Catalán D, Aguillón JC. Skewing dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic state for recovery of tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:517-27. [PMID: 25633325 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To date, the available options to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include traditional corticoids and biological drugs, which are not exempt of adverse effects. The development of cellular therapies based on dendritic cells with tolerogenic functions (TolDCs) has opened a new possibility to efficiently eradicate symptoms and control the immune response in the field of autoimmunity. TolDCs are an attractive tool for antigen-specific immunotherapy to restore self-tolerance in RA and other autoimmune disorders. A promising strategy is to inject autologous self-antigen-loaded TolDCs, which are able to delete or reprogram autoreactive T cells. Different protocols for the generation of stable human TolDCs have been established and the therapeutic effect of TolDCs has been investigated in multiple rodent models of arthritis. Pilot studies in humans confirmed that TolDC application is safe, encouraging clinical trials using self-antigen-loaded TolDCs in RA patients. Although an abundance of molecular regulators of DC functions has been discovered in the last decade, no master regulator of tolerogenicity has been identified yet. Further research is required to define biomarkers or key regulators of tolerogenicity that might facilitate the induction and monitoring of TolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina García-González
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan C Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Takada K, Takahama Y. Positive-Selection-Inducing Self-Peptides Displayed by Cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells. Adv Immunol 2015; 125:87-110. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arnold-Schrauf C, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Dendritic cell specific targeting of MyD88 signalling pathways in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:32-9. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute for Infection Immunology; TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI); Hannover Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute for Infection Immunology; TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI); Hannover Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute for Infection Immunology; TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI); Hannover Germany
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Bieber K, Autenrieth SE. Insights how monocytes and dendritic cells contribute and regulate immune defense against microbial pathogens. Immunobiology 2014; 220:215-26. [PMID: 25468558 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system protects from infections primarily by detecting and eliminating invading pathogens. Beside neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) have been recently identified as important sentinels and effectors in combating microbial pathogens. In the steady state mononuclear phagocytes like monocytes and DCs patrol the blood and the tissues. Mammalian monocytes contribute to antimicrobial defense by supplying tissues with macrophage and DC precursors. DCs recognize pathogens and are essential in presenting antigens to initiate antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. Both, monocytes and DCs play distinct roles in the shaping of immune response. In this review we will focus on the contributions of monocytes and lymphoid organ DCs to immune defense against microbial pathogens in the mouse and their dynamic regulation from steady state to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bieber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Germany
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36
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Hargadon KM. Murine and Human Model Systems for the Study of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 35:85-115. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.952413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Spidale NA, Wang B, Tisch R. Cutting edge: Antigen-specific thymocyte feedback regulates homeostatic thymic conventional dendritic cell maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:21-5. [PMID: 24890722 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thymic dendritic cells (DC) mediate self-tolerance by presenting self-peptides to and depleting autoreactive thymocytes. Despite a significant role in negative selection, the events regulating thymic DC maturation and function under steady-state conditions are poorly understood. We report that cross-talk with thymocytes regulates thymic conventional DC (cDC) numbers, phenotype, and function. In mice lacking TCR-expressing thymocytes, thymic cDC were reduced and exhibited a less mature phenotype. Furthermore, thymic cDC in TCR-transgenic mice lacking cognate Ag expression in the thymus were also immature; notably, however, thymic cDC maturation was re-established by an Ag-specific cognate interaction with CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive thymocytes (SP). Blockade of CD40L during Ag-specific interactions with CD4 SP, but not CD8 SP, limited the effect on cDC maturation. Together, these novel findings demonstrate that homeostatic maturation and function of thymic cDC are regulated by feedback delivered by CD4 SP and CD8 SP via distinct mechanisms during a cognate Ag-specific interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Spidale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Roland Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Neunkirchner A, Schmetterer KG, Pickl WF. Lymphocyte-based model systems for allergy research: a historic overview. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 163:259-91. [PMID: 24777172 DOI: 10.1159/000360163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a multitude of studies applying distinct in vitro and in vivo model systems have contributed greatly to our better understanding of the initiation and regulation of inflammatory processes leading to allergic diseases. Over the years, it has become evident that among lymphocytes, not only IgE-producing B cells and allergy-orchestrating CD4(+) helper cells but also cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, γδ-T cells and innate lymphoid cells, as well as regulatory lymphocytes, might critically shape the immune response towards usually innocuous allergens. In this review, we provide a historic overview of pioneering work leading to the establishment of important lymphocyte-based model systems for allergy research. Moreover, we contrast the original findings with our currently more refined knowledge to appreciate the actual validity of the respective models and to reassess the conclusions obtained from them. Conflicting studies and interpretations are identified and discussed. The tables are intended to provide an easy overview of the field not only for scientists newly entering the field but also for the broader readership interested in updating their knowledge. Along those lines, herein we discuss in vitro and in vivo approaches to the investigation of lymphocyte effector cell activation, polarization and regulation, and describe depletion and adoptive transfer models along with gene knockout and transgenic (tg) methodologies. In addition, novel attempts to establish humanized T cell antigen receptor tg mouse models for allergy research are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Sagar D, Masih S, Schell T, Jacobson S, Comber JD, Philip R, Wigdahl B, Jain P, Khan ZK. In vivo immunogenicity of Tax(11-19) epitope in HLA-A2/DTR transgenic mice: implication for dendritic cell-based anti-HTLV-1 vaccine. Vaccine 2014; 32:3274-84. [PMID: 24739247 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral oncoprotein Tax plays key roles in transformation of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)-infected T cells leading to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and is the key antigen recognized during HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM). In HLA-A2+ asymptomatic carriers as well as ATL and HAM patients, Tax(11-19) epitope exhibits immunodominance. Here, we evaluate CD8 T-cell immune response against this epitope in the presence and absence of dendritic cells (DCs) given the recent encouraging observations made with Phase 1 DC-based vaccine trial for ATL. To facilitate these studies, we first generated an HLA-A2/DTR hybrid mouse strain carrying the HLA-A2.1 and CD11c-DTR genes. We then studied CD8 T-cell immune response against Tax(11-19) epitope delivered in the absence or presence of Freund's adjuvant and/or DCs. Overall results demonstrate that naturally presented Tax epitope could initiate an antigen-specific CD8T cell response in vivo but failed to do so upon DC depletion. Presence of adjuvant potentiated Tax(11-19)-specific response. Elevated serum IL-6 levels coincided with depletion of DCs whereas decreased TGF-β was associated with adjuvant use. Thus, Tax(11-19) epitope is a potential candidate for the DC-based anti-HTLV-1 vaccine and the newly hybrid mouse strain could be used for investigating DC involvement in human class-I-restricted immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sagar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology & Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shet Masih
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology & Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology & Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zafar K Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology & Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Huang W, Qi Q, Hu J, Huang F, Laufer TM, August A. Dendritic cell-MHC class II and Itk regulate functional development of regulatory innate memory CD4+ T cells in bone marrow transplantation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:3435-3441. [PMID: 24610010 PMCID: PMC4033297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MHC class II (MHCII)-influenced CD4(+) T cell differentiation and function play critical roles in regulating the development of autoimmunity. The lack of hematopoietic MHCII causes autoimmune disease that leads to severe wasting in syngeneic recipients. Using murine models of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we find that MHCII(-/-)→wild-type BMT developed disease, with defective development of innate memory phenotype (IMP, CD44(hi)/CD62L(lo)) CD4(+) T cells. Whereas conventional regulatory T cells are unable to suppress pathogenesis, IMP CD4(+) T cells, which include conventional regulatory T cells, can suppress pathogenesis in MHCII(-/-)→wild-type chimeras. The functional development of IMP CD4(+) T cells requires hematopoietic but not thymic MHCII. B cells and hematopoietic CD80/86 regulate the population size, whereas MHCII expression by dendritic cells is sufficient for IMP CD4(+) T cell functional development and prevention of pathogenesis. Furthermore, the absence of Tec kinase IL-2-inducible T cell kinase in MHCII(-/-) donors leads to preferential development of IMP CD4(+) T cells and partially prevents pathogenesis. We conclude that dendritic cells-MHCII and IL-2-inducible T cell kinase regulate the functional development of IMP CD4(+) T cells, which suppresses the development of autoimmune disorder in syngeneic BMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences and Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jianfang Hu
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences and Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Terri M. Laufer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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41
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Swee LK, Nusser A, Curti M, Kreuzaler M, Rolink H, Terracciano L, Melchers F, Andersson J, Rolink A. The amount of self-antigen determines the effector function of murine T cells escaping negative selection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1299-312. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee K. Swee
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Anja Nusser
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Maurus Curti
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kreuzaler
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Hannie Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Department of Pathology; University Hospital of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Andersson
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Antonius Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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42
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Lee CN, Lew AM, Wu L. The potential role of dendritic cells in the therapy of Type 1 diabetes. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:591-606. [PMID: 23725283 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the result of T-cell mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells. The two current treatments for T1D are based on insulin or islet-cell replacement rather than the pathogenesis of T1D and remain problematic. Islet/pancreas transplantation does not cater for the majority of sufferers due to the lack of supply of organs and the need for continuous immunosuppression regimens. The mainstay treatment is insulin replacement, but this is disruptive to lifestyle and does not protect against severe long-term complications. An early vaccination and long-term restoration of immune tolerance to self-antigens in T1D patients (reversing the immunopathogenesis of the disease) would be preferable. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs and play an important role in inducing and maintaining immune tolerance. Targeting DCs through different DC surface molecules shows effective modulation of immune responses. Their feasibility for immunotherapy to prolong transplant survival and cancer immunotherapy has been demonstrated. Therefore, DCs could potentially be used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes new insights into DCs as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Nien Lee
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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43
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Exploring the MHC-peptide matrix of central tolerance in the human thymus. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2039. [PMID: 23783831 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since it was discovered that central tolerance to self is imposed on developing T cells in the thymus through their interaction with self-peptide major histocompatibility complexes on thymic antigen-presenting cells, immunologists have speculated about the nature of these peptides, particularly in humans. Here, to shed light on the so-far unknown human thymic peptide repertoire, we analyse peptides eluted from isolated thymic dendritic cells, dendritic cell-depleted antigen-presenting cells and whole thymus. Bioinformatic analysis of the 842 identified natural major histocompatibility complex I and II ligands reveals significant cross-talk between major histocompatibility complex-class I and II pathways and differences in source protein representation between individuals as well as different antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, several autoimmune- and tumour-related peptides, from enolase and vimentin for example, are presented in the healthy thymus. 302 peptides are directly derived from negatively selecting dendritic cells, thus providing the first global view of the peptide matrix in the human thymus that imposes self-tolerance in vivo.
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44
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He Q, Morillon YM, Spidale NA, Kroger CJ, Liu B, Sartor RB, Wang B, Tisch R. Thymic development of autoreactive T cells in NOD mice is regulated in an age-dependent manner. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:5858-66. [PMID: 24198282 PMCID: PMC3858497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient thymic negative selection of self-specific T cells is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. The factors that influence the efficacy of thymic negative selection, as well as the kinetics of thymic output of autoreactive T cells remain ill-defined. We investigated thymic production of β cell-specific T cells using a thymus-transplantation model. Thymi from different aged NOD mice, representing distinct stages of type 1 diabetes, were implanted into NOD.scid recipients, and the diabetogenicity of the resulting T cell pool was examined. Strikingly, the development of diabetes-inducing β cell-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was regulated in an age-dependent manner. NOD.scid recipients of newborn NOD thymi developed diabetes. However, recipients of thymi from 7- and 10-d-old NOD donor mice remained diabetes-free and exhibited a progressive decline in islet infiltration and β cell-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. A similar temporal decrease in autoimmune infiltration was detected in some, but not all, tissues of recipient mice implanted with thymi from NOD mice lacking expression of the autoimmune regulator transcription factor, which develop multiorgan T cell-mediated autoimmunity. In contrast, recipients of 10 d or older thymi lacked diabetogenic T cells but developed severe colitis marked by increased effector T cells reactive to intestinal microbiota. These results demonstrate that thymic development of autoreactive T cells is limited to a narrow time window and occurs in a reciprocal manner compared with colonic microbiota-responsive T cells in NOD mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Animals, Suckling
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/etiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmunity/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated
- Colitis/etiology
- Colitis/immunology
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/microbiology
- Colon/pathology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Female
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD/immunology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Organ Specificity
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/immunology
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/pathology
- Salivary Glands/immunology
- Salivary Glands/pathology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/pathology
- Thymus Gland/transplantation
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- AIRE Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Y. Maurice Morillon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Spidale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles J. Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roland Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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45
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Han S, Jeong AL, Lee S, Park JS, Kim KD, Choi I, Yoon SR, Lee MS, Lim JS, Han SH, Yoon DY, Yang Y. Adiponectin deficiency suppresses lymphoma growth in mice by modulating NK cells, CD8 T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4877-86. [PMID: 23530146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that adiponectin (APN) suppresses IL-2-induced NK cell activation by downregulating the expression of the IFN-γ-inducible TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and Fas ligand. Although the antitumor function of APN has been reported in several types of solid tumors, with few controversial results, no lymphoma studies have been conducted. In this study, we assessed the role of APN in immune cell function, including NK cells, CTLs, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, in EL4 and B16F10 tumor-bearing APN knockout (KO) mice. We observed attenuated EL4 growth in the APNKO mice. Increased numbers of splenic NK cells and splenic CTLs were identified under naive conditions and EL4-challenged conditions, respectively. In APNKO mice, splenic NK cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity with and without IL-2 stimulation. Additionally, there were decreased levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation in the EL4-bearing APNKO mice. Enforced MHC class I expression on B16F10 cells led to attenuated growth of these tumors in APNKO mice. Thus, our results suggest that EL4 regression in APNKO mice is not only due to an enhanced antitumor immune response but also to a high level of MHC class I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Han
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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46
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Moore AJ, Anderson MK. Dendritic cell development: a choose-your-own-adventure story. Adv Hematol 2013; 2013:949513. [PMID: 23476654 PMCID: PMC3588201 DOI: 10.1155/2013/949513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential components of the immune system and contribute to immune responses by activating or tolerizing T cells. DCs comprise a heterogeneous mixture of subsets that are located throughout the body and possess distinct and specialized functions. Although numerous defined precursors from the bone marrow and spleen have been identified, emerging data in the field suggests many alternative routes of DC differentiation from precursors with multilineage potential. Here, we discuss how the combinatorial expression of transcription factors can promote one DC lineage over another as well as the integration of cytokine signaling in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Moore
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Michele K. Anderson
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
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47
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Sekiya T, Kashiwagi I, Yoshida R, Fukaya T, Morita R, Kimura A, Ichinose H, Metzger D, Chambon P, Yoshimura A. Nr4a receptors are essential for thymic regulatory T cell development and immune homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2013. [PMID: 23334790 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2520.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) develop from progenitor thymocytes after the engagement of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) with high-affinity ligands, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that the Nr4a nuclear receptors, which are encoded by immediate-early genes upregulated by TCR stimulation in thymocytes, have essential roles in T(reg) cell development. Mice that lacked all Nr4a factors could not produce T(reg) cells and died early owing to systemic autoimmunity. Nr4a receptors directly activated the promoter of the gene encoding the transcription factor Foxp3, and forced activation of Nr4a receptors bypassed low-strength TCR signaling to drive the T(reg) cell developmental program. Our results suggest that Nr4a receptors have key roles in determining CD4(+) T cell fates in the thymus and thus contribute to immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sekiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Sekiya T, Kashiwagi I, Yoshida R, Fukaya T, Morita R, Kimura A, Ichinose H, Metzger D, Chambon P, Yoshimura A. Nr4a receptors are essential for thymic regulatory T cell development and immune homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:230-7. [PMID: 23334790 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) develop from progenitor thymocytes after the engagement of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) with high-affinity ligands, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that the Nr4a nuclear receptors, which are encoded by immediate-early genes upregulated by TCR stimulation in thymocytes, have essential roles in T(reg) cell development. Mice that lacked all Nr4a factors could not produce T(reg) cells and died early owing to systemic autoimmunity. Nr4a receptors directly activated the promoter of the gene encoding the transcription factor Foxp3, and forced activation of Nr4a receptors bypassed low-strength TCR signaling to drive the T(reg) cell developmental program. Our results suggest that Nr4a receptors have key roles in determining CD4(+) T cell fates in the thymus and thus contribute to immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sekiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Maggio-Price L, Seamons A, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Zeng W, Brabb T, Ware C, Lei M, Hershberg RM. Lineage targeted MHC-II transgenic mice demonstrate the role of dendritic cells in bacterial-driven colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:174-84. [PMID: 22619032 PMCID: PMC3427724 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis involves an inadequately controlled immune reaction to intestinal microbiota, and CD4(+) T cells, dependent on MHC class II (MHC-II) processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APC), play important roles. The role of professional APC (macrophages and dendritic cells [DCs]) and nonprofessional APC (intestinal epithelial cells [IECs]) in microbial-driven intestinal inflammation remains controversial. METHODS We generated transgenic animals on an MHC-II(-/-) genetic background in which MHC-II is expressed on 1) DC via the CD11c promoter (CD11cTg) or 2) IEC via the fatty acid binding protein (liver) promoter (EpithTg). These mice were crossed with Rag2(-/-) mice to eliminate T and B cells (CD11cTg/Rag2(-/-) and EpithTg/Rag2(-/-)). Helicobacter bilis (Hb) infection and adoptive transfer (AT) of naïve CD4 T cells were used to trigger IBD. RESULTS CD11cTg/Rag2(-/-) mice infected with Hb+AT developed severe colitis within 3 weeks post-AT, similar to disease in positive control Rag2(-/-) mice infected with Hb+AT. CD11cTg/Rag2(-/-) mice given AT alone or Hb alone had significantly less severe colitis. In contrast, EpithTg/Rag2(-/-) mice infected with Hb+AT developed mild colitis by 3 weeks and even after 16 weeks post-AT had only mild lesions. CONCLUSIONS MHC-II expression restricted to DCs is sufficient to induce severe colitis in the presence of T cells and a microorganism such as Hb within 3 weeks of AT. Expression of MHC-II solely on IEC in the presence of a microbial trigger and T cells was insufficient to trigger severe colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Seamons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Weiping Zeng
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Thea Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Carol Ware
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mingzu Lei
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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50
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Huang J, Li X, Kohno K, Hatano M, Tokuhisa T, Murray PJ, Brocker T, Tsuji M. Generation of tissue-specific H-2Kd transgenic mice for the study of K(d)-restricted malaria epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in vivo. J Immunol Methods 2012; 387:254-61. [PMID: 23142461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are critical for the control of various intracellular infections and cancers. To date, however, effective T cell-based vaccines remain elusive, due, in part, to the lack of in vivo models that facilitate the dissection of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses primed by different antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we generated four lines of H-2K(d) transgenic (K(d) Tg) mice that differed in their expression of H-2K(d): dendritic cells (DCs) only (CD11c-K(d)), macrophages only (huCD68-K(d)), hepatocytes only (Alb-K(d)), or all nucleated cells (major histocompatibility complex-I-K(d)). Immunization of each of these K(d) Tg mouse strains with a synthetic peptide or a recombinant adenovirus expressing a well-known immunodominant, H-2K(d)-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitope, SYVPSAEQI, which was derived from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelii, promoted distinct SYVPSAEQI-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. The route of immunization also greatly influenced the magnitude of the epitope-specific CD8(+) T-cell response. These tissue-specific K(d) Tg mice may be valuable tools for determining the mode of induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses by different APCs in vivo and for characterizing the CD8(+) T-cell responses promoted in response to various microbial infections and/or different types of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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