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Stauffer WT, Goodman AZ, Gallay PA. Cyclophilin inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of human disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1417945. [PMID: 39045055 PMCID: PMC11264201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1417945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps), characterized as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), are highly conserved and ubiquitous, playing a crucial role in protein folding and cellular signaling. This review summarizes the biochemical pathways mediated by Cyps, including their involvement in pathological states such as viral replication, inflammation, and cancer progression, to underscore the therapeutic potential of Cyp inhibition. The exploration of Cyp inhibitors (CypI) in this review, particularly non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) derivatives, highlights their significance as therapeutic agents. The structural and functional nuances of CsA derivatives are examined, including their efficacy, mechanism of action, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and off-target effects. The landscape of CypI is evaluated to emphasize the clinical need for targeted approaches to exploit the complex biology of Cyps and to propose future directions for research that may enhance the utility of non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives in treating diseases where Cyps play a key pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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Seizer P, von Ungern-Sternberg SNI, Haug V, Dicenta V, Rosa A, Butt E, Nöthel M, Rohlfing AK, Sigle M, Nawroth PP, Nussbaum C, Sperandio M, Kusch C, Meub M, Sauer M, Münzer P, Bieber K, Stanger A, Mack AF, Huber R, Brand K, Lehners M, Feil R, Poso A, Krutzke K, Schäffer TE, Nieswandt B, Borst O, May AE, Zernecke A, Gawaz M, Heinzmann D. Cyclophilin A is a ligand for RAGE in thrombo-inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:385-402. [PMID: 38175781 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophilin A (CyPA) induces leucocyte recruitment and platelet activation upon release into the extracellular space. Extracellular CyPA therefore plays a critical role in immuno-inflammatory responses in tissue injury and thrombosis upon platelet activation. To date, CD147 (EMMPRIN) has been described as the primary receptor mediating extracellular effects of CyPA in platelets and leucocytes. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) shares inflammatory and prothrombotic properties and has also been found to have similar ligands as CD147. In this study, we investigated the role of RAGE as a previously unknown interaction partner for CyPA. METHODS AND RESULTS Confocal imaging, proximity ligation, co-immunoprecipitation, and atomic force microscopy were performed and demonstrated an interaction of CyPA with RAGE on the cell surface. Static and dynamic cell adhesion and chemotaxis assays towards extracellular CyPA using human leucocytes and leucocytes from RAGE-deficient Ager-/- mice were conducted. Inhibition of RAGE abrogated CyPA-induced effects on leucocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in vitro. Accordingly, Ager-/- mice showed reduced leucocyte recruitment and endothelial adhesion towards CyPA in vivo. In wild-type mice, we observed a downregulation of RAGE on leucocytes when endogenous extracellular CyPA was reduced. We furthermore evaluated the role of RAGE for platelet activation and thrombus formation upon CyPA stimulation. CyPA-induced activation of platelets was found to be dependent on RAGE, as inhibition of RAGE, as well as platelets from Ager-/- mice showed a diminished activation and thrombus formation upon CyPA stimulation. CyPA-induced signalling through RAGE was found to involve central signalling pathways including the adaptor protein MyD88, intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION We propose RAGE as a hitherto unknown receptor for CyPA mediating leucocyte as well as platelet activation. The CyPA-RAGE interaction thus represents a novel mechanism in thrombo-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ostalbklinikum Aalen, Aalen, Germany
| | - Saskia N I von Ungern-Sternberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena Haug
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Dicenta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Rosa
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elke Butt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Nöthel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Sigle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-ICD Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Nussbaum
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology und Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology und Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Heisenberg Group Cardiovascular Thromboinflammation and Translational Thrombocardiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Bieber
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology und Pulmonology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Stanger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology und Pulmonology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas F Mack
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analytics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Lehners
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), Tübingen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections' (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Krutzke
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Heisenberg Group Cardiovascular Thromboinflammation and Translational Thrombocardiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E May
- Department of Cardiology, Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Heinzmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Zhao X, Zhao X, Di W, Wang C. Inhibitors of Cyclophilin A: Current and Anticipated Pharmaceutical Agents for Inflammatory Diseases and Cancers. Molecules 2024; 29:1235. [PMID: 38542872 PMCID: PMC10974348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A, a widely prevalent cellular protein, exhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. This protein is predominantly located in the cytosol; additionally, it can be secreted by the cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Cyclophilin A has been identified to be a key player in many of the biological events and is therefore involved in several diseases, including vascular and inflammatory diseases, immune disorders, aging, and cancers. It represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with small molecule inhibitors such as cyclosporin A. Recently, a number of novel inhibitors of cyclophilin A have emerged. However, it remains elusive whether and how many cyclophilin A inhibitors function in the inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we discuss current available data about cyclophilin A inhibitors, including cyclosporin A and its derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, and peptide analogues, and outline the most recent advances in clinical trials of these agents. Inhibitors of cyclophilin A are poised to enhance our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that underpin inflammatory diseases and cancers associated with cyclophilin A. This advancement will aid in the development of innovative pharmaceutical treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Weihua Di
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China
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Kalinina A, Tilova L, Kirsanov K, Lesovaya E, Zhidkova E, Fetisov T, Ilyinskaya G, Yakubovskaya M, Kazansky D, Khromykh L. Secreted cyclophilin A is non-genotoxic but acts as a tumor promoter. Toxicology 2023; 500:153675. [PMID: 37993081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with malignant transformation and creates the microenvironment for tumor progression. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is one of the major pro-inflammatory mediators that accumulates and persists in the site of inflammation in high doses over time. According to multiomics analyses of transformed cells, CypA is widely recognized as a pro-oncogenic factor. Vast experimental data define the functions of intracellular CypA in carcinogenesis, but findings on the role of its secreted form in tumor formation and progression are scarce. In the studies here, we exploit short-term in vitro and in vivo tests to directly evaluate the mutagenic, recombinogenic, and blastomogenic effects, as well as the promoter activity of recombinant human CypA (rhCypA), an analogue of secreted CypA. Our findings showed that rhCypA had no genotoxicity and, thus, was neither involved in nor influenced the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. At high doses, rhCypA could disrupt gap junctions in rat liver epithelial IAR-2 cells in vitro by decreasing the expression of connexins 26 and 43 in these cells and inhibit A549 cell adhesion. These data suggested that rhCypA could contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in malignant cells. The research presented here elucidated the role of secreted CypA in carcinogenesis, revealing that it is not a tumor initiator but can act as a tumor promoter at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kalinina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leila Tilova
- Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, 173, Chernyshevsky st., 360004 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, 9, Vysokovoltnaya st., 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhidkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Ilyinskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kazansky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Khromykh
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Li H, Yang W, Li H, Bai X, Zhang H, Fan W, Liu W, Sun L. PROTAC targeting cyclophilin A controls virus-induced cytokine storm. iScience 2023; 26:107535. [PMID: 37636080 PMCID: PMC10448112 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storms caused by viruses are associated with elevated cytokine levels and uncontrolled inflammatory responses that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Current antiviral therapies are not sufficient to prevent or treat these complications. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a key factor that regulates the production of multiple cytokines and could be a potential therapeutic target for cytokine storms. Here, three proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) targeting CypA were designed. These PROTACs bind to CypA, enhance its ubiquitination, and promote its degradation in both cell lines and mouse organs. During influenza B virus (IBV) infection, PROTAC-mediated CypA depletion reduces P65 phosphorylation and NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production in A549 cells. Moreover, Comp-K targeting CypA suppresses excessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, reduces lung injury, and enhances survival rates of IBV-infected mice. Collectively, we provide PROTACs targeting CypA, which are potential candidates for the control of cytokine storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiao Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huizi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bai
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Gurung D, Danielson JA, Tasnim A, Zhang JT, Zou Y, Liu JY. Proline Isomerization: From the Chemistry and Biology to Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 37508437 PMCID: PMC10376262 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proline isomerization, the process of interconversion between the cis- and trans-forms of proline, is an important and unique post-translational modification that can affect protein folding and conformations, and ultimately regulate protein functions and biological pathways. Although impactful, the importance and prevalence of proline isomerization as a regulation mechanism in biological systems have not been fully understood or recognized. Aiming to fill gaps and bring new awareness, we attempt to provide a wholistic review on proline isomerization that firstly covers what proline isomerization is and the basic chemistry behind it. In this section, we vividly show that the cause of the unique ability of proline to adopt both cis- and trans-conformations in significant abundance is rooted from the steric hindrance of these two forms being similar, which is different from that in linear residues. We then discuss how proline isomerization was discovered historically followed by an introduction to all three types of proline isomerases and how proline isomerization plays a role in various cellular responses, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, T-cell activation, and ion channel gating. We then explore various human diseases that have been linked to the dysregulation of proline isomerization. Finally, we wrap up with the current stage of various inhibitors developed to target proline isomerases as a strategy for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jacob A Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Afsara Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Schiene‐Fischer C, Fischer G, Braun M. Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201597. [PMID: 35290695 PMCID: PMC9804594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins, enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity, are relevant to a large variety of biological processes. The most abundant member of this enzyme family, cyclophilin A, is the cellular receptor of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). As a consequence of the pathophysiological role of cyclophilins, particularly in viral infections, there is a broad interest in cyclophilin inhibition devoid of immunosuppressive activity. This Review first gives an introduction into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cyclophilins. The presentation of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors will commence with drugs based on chemical modifications of CsA. The naturally occurring macrocyclic sanglifehrins have become other lead structures for cyclophilin-inhibiting drugs. Finally, de novo designed compounds, whose structures are not derived from or inspired by natural products, will be presented. Relevant synthetic concepts will be discussed, but the focus will also be on biochemical studies, structure-activity relationships, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Schiene‐Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg06099Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manfred Braun
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
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Turan M, Turan G, Can HY. The role of cyclophilin A and VEGF in the pathogenesis and recurrence of pterygium. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:11206721221128664. [PMID: 36147022 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221128664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pterygium is defined as overgrowth of abnormal conjunctival tissue on the cornea. Many proinflammatory cytokines and various growth factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pterygium. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a protein that is used by cyclosporin A (CsA) as the intracellular receptor and is secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important angiogenic factor. This study aimed to assessment CyPA and VEGF immunoreactivity in pterygium specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 32 primary pterygium samples, 25 recurrent pterygium samples and 25 normal bulbar conjunctiva samples were included. The histopathological features, CyPA and VEGF immunoreactivity of surgically excised pterygium specimens were compared with control conjunctiva specimens obtained from normal bulbar conjunctiva. RESULTS CyPA immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and stromal cells was remarkably higher in pterygium specimens than control conjunctiva specimens (p = 0.004, p = 0.012, p = 0.001, respectively). Morever, VEGF immunoreactivity in endothelial cells was remarkably higher in pterygium specimens than control conjunctiva specimens (p < 0.001). When recurrent and primary pterygium specimens were compared, CyPA and VEGF immunoreactivity was remarkably higher in recurrent pterygium (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Pearson correlation showed that CyPA immunoreactivity correlated with stromal vascularity, stromal inflammation, and mast cell count in pterygium specimens. CONCLUSION This study aimed to assess CyPA and VEGF may have a important function in the pathogenesis and recurrence of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meydan Turan
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Balıkesir Ataturk City Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Gulay Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Yildirim Can
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
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Han JM, Jung HJ. Cyclophilin A/CD147 Interaction: A Promising Target for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169341. [PMID: 36012604 PMCID: PMC9408992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA), which has peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, regulates multiple functions of cells by binding to its extracellular receptor CD147. The CypA/CD147 interaction plays a crucial role in the progression of several diseases, including inflammatory diseases, coronavirus infection, and cancer, by activating CD147-mediated intracellular downstream signaling pathways. Many studies have identified CypA and CD147 as potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Their overexpression promotes growth, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and the stem-like properties of cancer cells and is related to the poor prognosis of patients with cancer. This review aims to understand the biology and interaction of CypA and CD147 and to review the roles of the CypA/CD147 interaction in cancer pathology and the therapeutic potential of targeting the CypA/CD147 axis. To validate the clinical significance of the CypA/CD147 interaction, we analyzed the expression levels of PPIA and BSG genes encoding CypA and CD147, respectively, in a wide range of tumor types using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We observed a significant association between PPIA/BSG overexpression and poor prognosis, such as a low survival rate and high cancer stage, in several tumor types. Furthermore, the expression of PPIA and BSG was positively correlated in many cancers. Therefore, this review supports the hypothesis that targeting the CypA/CD147 interaction may improve treatment outcomes for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Mi Han
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2354; Fax: +82-41-530-2939
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10
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The role of cyclophilins in viral infec and the immune response. J Infect 2022; 85:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Braun M, Schiene-Fischer C, Fischer G. Non‐Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Braun
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Organic CHemistry Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Cordelia Schiene-Fischer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, GERMANY
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Meiosis: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften Abteilung Meiosis Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry GERMANY
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12
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Liu SY, Zhang QZ, Hu MQ, Li FX, Fu JM, Zhu ZD, Li QK, Yang Z, Quan JM. Targeting Extracellular Cyclophilin A via an Albumin-Binding Cyclosporine A Analogue. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3649-3652. [PMID: 34595834 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An albumin-binding CsA analogue 4MCsA was achieved by attachment of a thiol-reactive maleimide group at the side-chain of P4 position of CsA derivative. 4MCsA was semi-synthesized from CsA, and the cell-impermeability of albumin-4MCsA was detected by mass spectrometry and a competitive flow cytometry. 4MCsA exhibits inhibition of chemotaxis activity and inflammation by targeting extracellular CypA without immunosuppressive effect and cellular toxicity. These combined results suggested that 4MCsA can be restricted extracellularly through covalently binding to Cys34 of albumin with its maleimide group, and regulate the functions of cyclophilin A extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Min-Qiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia-Miao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Qin-Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun-Min Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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13
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Kalinina A, Golubeva I, Kudryavtsev I, Khromova N, Antoshina E, Trukhanova L, Gorkova T, Kazansky D, Khromykh L. Cyclophilin A is a factor of antitumor defense in the early stages of tumor development. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107470. [PMID: 33640856 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a pro-inflammatory factor with multiple immunomodulating effects. Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant human CypA (rhCypA) as a factor of antitumor host defense. Our results demonstrated that rhCypA dramatically inhibited the growth of murine transplantable tumors (mammary adenocarcinoma Ca755, melanoma B16, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), and cervical cancer CC-5). In the B16 model, rhCypA effects were observed only when tumor cells were transplanted at the significantly reduced injection dose, indicating that antitumor properties of rhCypA are more effective at the initial stages of cancer development. Antitumor effect of rhCypA in the CC-5 model was comparable to the action of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and rhCypA administration prevented 5FU - induced leukopenia in the blood of tumor-bearing mice. In the LLC model, rhCypA injection before but not after tumor resection significantly suppressed the formation of post-surgical metastases. RhCypA exhibited no direct cytotoxic effects in vitro on human leukemia cells (K-562, HL-60, KG-1), indicating that rhCypA antitumor action could be mediated by its immunomodulating activity. In the B16 model, rhCypA had no impact on tumor angiogenesis and gene expression of several MMPs, endogenous CypA, and CD147, which play a crucial role in cancer progression. However, in this model, rhCypA stimulated gene expression of MMPs 8, 9, and 12 that could contribute to malignancy growth inhibition. Here, our findings pointed out CypA as one of the factors of antitumor host defense that can effectively control the initial stages of tumor and metastases formation by regulating the action of MMPs and changing the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kalinina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Golubeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Khromova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Antoshina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov Trukhanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Gorkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Kazansky
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Khromykh
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation.
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14
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Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Alvariño R, Alonso E, Botana LM. Cyclophilins A, B, and C Role in Human T Lymphocytes Upon Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609196. [PMID: 33859635 PMCID: PMC8042163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) are a group of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases that play crucial roles in regulatory mechanisms of cellular physiology and pathology in several inflammatory conditions. Their receptor, CD147, also participates in the development and progression of the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the main function of Cyps and their receptor are yet to be deciphered. The release of CypA and the expression of the CD147 receptor in activated T lymphocytes were already described, however, no data are available about other Cyps in these cells. Therefore, in the present work intra and extracellular CypA, B and C levels were measured followed by induced inflammatory conditions. After activation of T lymphocytes by incubation with concanavalin A, both intra and extracellular Cyps levels and the CD147 membrane receptor expression were increased leading to cell migration towards circulating CypA and CypB as chemoattractants. When CypA was modulated by natural and synthetic compounds, the inflammatory cascade was avoided including T cell migration. Our results strengthen the relationship between CypA, B, and C, their receptor, and the inflammatory process in human T lymphocytes, associating CypC with these cells for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Alvariño R, Alonso E, González-Juanatey C, Botana LM. Crosstalk between cyclophilins and T lymphocytes in coronary artery disease. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112514. [PMID: 33582093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis are currently some of the most widespread diseases of our time. Within cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease and underlying atherosclerosis were recently linked with systemic and local inflammation. Cyclophilins participate in the initiation and progression of these inflammatory-related diseases. Cyclophilins are released into the extracellular space upon inflammatory stimuli and participate in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. The cell surface receptor for extracellular cyclophilins, the CD147 receptor, also contributes to coronary artery disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the physiological relevance of cyclophilin's family and their receptor in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. The present study aimed to better understand the role of cyclophilins in cardiovascular artery disease and their relationship with inflammation. Hence, cyclophilins and pro-inflammatory interleukins were measured in the serum of 30 subjects (divided into three groups according to coronary artery disease status: 10 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 10 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, and 10 control volunteers). In addition, cyclophilin levels and CD147 receptor expression were measured in T lymphocytes purified from these subjects. Cyclophilin A, B, and C, pro-inflammatory interleukins, and CD147 membrane expression were significantly elevated in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Juanatey
- Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, 27004, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
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16
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Relja B, Land WG. Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 46:751-775. [PMID: 31612270 PMCID: PMC7427761 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, the "danger model" argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of "strange" molecules. Thus, an alternative to the "self versus non-self recognition model" has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their "friend or foe" role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Walter Gottlieb Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMR_S1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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17
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Jiang L, Liu MN, Wang GD, Wu Q, Zhao YF. Cyclosporin A suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced matrix metalloproteinases activities in the co-culture of human gingival fibroblasts and monocyte cell line THP-1. Growth Factors 2020; 38:65-74. [PMID: 32321312 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1755280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressant. In this study, we explore the pathway through which CsA suppressed the Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS)-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities in co-cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and THP-1 monocytes. In the co-culture, we found that CsA inhibited the expression of cyclophilin A (CyPA), CD147 and the activities of MMPs, which were all induced by P.g-LPS. We also found that P.g-LPS and recombinant human CyPA increased activation of ERK1/2 and IκB (an NF-κB inhibitory protein), but CsA and the anti-CD147 antibody significantly inhibited these effects. Taken together, CsA in the presence of P.g-LPS might suppress MMP activities by blocking the CyPA/CD147 interaction that results in the inhibition of ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling by interfering with the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and IκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Min Ni Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Characteristic Medical Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guo Dong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Characteristic Medical Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun Fu Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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18
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Rath D, von Ungern-Sternberg S, Heinzmann D, Sigle M, Monzien M, Horstmann K, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Müller K, Groga-Bada P, Zdanyte M, Borst O, Zernecke A, Gawaz M, Martus P, Schwab M, Geisler T, Seizer P. Platelet surface expression of cyclophilin A is associated with increased mortality in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:234-242. [PMID: 31519036 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is an important intracellular molecule mediating essential cellular functions such as signaling and protein folding. Enhanced CyPA platelet surface expression is associated with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients with acute myocardial infarction CyPA platelet surface expression is significantly decreased. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations of CyPA platelet surface expression and a clinically relevant CyPA single-nucleotide polymorphism (CyPA PPIA rs6850) with prognosis in patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was obtained from 335 consecutive patients with symptomatic CAD. All patients were followed up for 1080 days for endpoints all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and bleeding. The primary combined endpoint was defined as a composite of all-cause death and/or MI and/or ischemic stroke. Cyclophilin A platelet surface expression levels less than or equal to the median were significantly associated with a worse prognosis (combined endpoint and all-cause death) when compared to CyPA greater than the median. Genotyping for CyPA PPIA rs6850 was performed in 752 patients with symptomatic CAD. Homozygous carriers of the minor allele showed a significantly worse cumulative event-free survival for both combined endpoint and MI when compared to carriers of the major allele. CONCLUSION The CyPA platelet surface expression is associated with mortality whereas CyPA PPIA rs6850 is associated with recurrent MI in patients with symptomatic CAD. Cyclophilin A might offer a new biomarker for risk stratification and tailoring therapies in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - David Heinzmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Sigle
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Monzien
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Horstmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Groga-Bada
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Zdanyte
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Lee CC, Chang CH, Cheng YL, Kuo G, Chen SW, Li YJ, Chen YT, Tian YC. Diagnostic Performance of Cyclophilin A in Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010108. [PMID: 31906134 PMCID: PMC7019745 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is frequently encountered in cardiovascular surgical intensive care units (CVS-ICU). In this study, we aimed at investigating the utility of cyclophilin A (CypA) for the early detection of postoperative AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This was a prospective observational study conducted in a CVS-ICU of a tertiary care university hospital. All prospective clinical and laboratory data were evaluated as predictors of AKI. Serum and urine CypA, as well as urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), were examined within 6 h after cardiac surgery. The discriminative power for the prediction of AKI was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). We found that both serum CypA and urine CypA were significantly higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group. For discriminating AKI and dialysis-requiring AKI, serum CypA demonstrated acceptable AUROC values (0.689 and 0.738, respectively). The discrimination ability of urine CypA for predicting AKI was modest, but it was acceptable for predicting dialysis-requiring AKI (AUROC = 0.762). uNGAL best predicted the development of AKI, but its sensitivity was not good. A combination of serum CypA and uNGAL enhanced the overall performance for predicting the future development of AKI and dialysis-requiring AKI. Our results suggest that CypA is suitable as a biomarker for the early detection of postoperative AKI in CVS-ICU. However, it has better discriminating ability when combined with uNGAL for predicting AKI in CVS-ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Lee
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (G.K.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (G.K.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Lien Cheng
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (G.K.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - George Kuo
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (G.K.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Li
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (G.K.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (G.K.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200-8181
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20
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Ure DR, Trepanier DJ, Mayo PR, Foster RT. Cyclophilin inhibition as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:163-178. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Qin T, Liu S, Zhang Z, Sun L, He X, Lindsey K, Zhu L, Zhang X. GhCyP3 improves the resistance of cotton to Verticillium dahliae by inhibiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of GhPUB17. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:379-393. [PMID: 30671725 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase GhPUB17 is inhibited by GhCyP3 with antifungal activity and acts as a negative regulator involved in cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. E3 ubiquitin ligases, the key component enzymes of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which contains the most diverse structural and functional members involved in the determination of target specificity and the regulation of metabolism, have been well documented in previous studies. Here, we identify GhPUB17, a U-box E3 ligase in cotton that has ubiquitination activity and is involved in the cotton immune response to Verticillium dahliae. The expression level of GhPUB17 is downregulated in the ssn mutant with a constitutively activated immune response (Sun et al., Nat Commun 5:5372, 2014). Infection with V. dahliae or exogenous hormone treatment, including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, significantly upregulated GhPUB17 in cotton roots, which suggested a possible role for this E3 ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens. Moreover, GhPUB17-knockdown cotton plants are more resistant to V. dahliae, whereas GhPUB17-overexpressing plants are more susceptible to the pathogen, which indicated that GhPUB17 is a negative regulator of cotton resistance to V. dahliae. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay identified GhCyP3 as a protein that interacts with GhPUB17, and this finding was confirmed by further protein interaction assays. The downregulation of GhCyP3 in cotton seedlings attenuated the plants' resistance to V. dahliae. In addition, GhCyP3 showed antifungal activity against V. dahliae, and the E3 ligase activity of GhPUB17 was repressed by GhCyP3 in vitro. These results suggest that GhPUB17 negatively regulates cotton immunity to V. dahliae and that the antifungal protein GhCyP3 likely interacts with and inhibits the ligase activity of GhPUB17 and plays an important role in the cotton-Verticillium interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhennan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longqing Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xin He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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22
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Xue L, Su L, Xie J, Du Y, Yu X. EMMPRIN-CypA contributes to the inflammatory processes in human periodontitis through infiltrating CD68 + inflammatory cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3828-3834. [PMID: 31949770 PMCID: PMC6962809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its ligand cyclophilin A (CypA) levels increase in human inflammatory diseases, but EMMPRIN-CypA interactions and cell types expressing EMMPRIN and CypA in the pathogenesis of periodontitis are uncertain. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting revealed the level of EMMPRIN, CypA, and CD68 in human periodontitis. Double labelled immunofluorescence colocalized the expression of CD68 and CypA, and CD68 and EMMPRIN. Further investigation of EMMPRIN-CypA interactions and CD68+ infiltrating cells was applied using mouse monocyte cell line RAW264.7 in vitro. A higher level of EMMPRIN and CypA staining was detected in human periodontitis, compared with healthy gingiva. Many inflammatory cells, including CD68+ cells, infiltrated gingival tissues of human periodontitis. Both EMMPRIN and CypA could be localized in the CD68+ infiltrating cells. CypA could induce NF-κB activation by increasing expression of NFκB p-p65 in the nucleus of mouse monocytic cells RAW264.7 in vitro. EMMPRIN-CypA may contribute to the inflammatory processes in human periodontitis through infiltrating CD68+ inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lande Xue
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linwang Su
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liaocheng Peoples HospitalLiaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jianli Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinan, Shandong, China
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Abstract
This review summarizes a short list of currently discussed trauma-induced danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). Due to the bivalent character and often pleiotropic effects of a DAMP, it is difficult to describe its "friend or foe" role in post-traumatic inflammation and regeneration, both systemically as well locally in tissues. DAMP can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease or injury severity, but also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for better indication and timing of surgery. Due to the inflammatory processes at the local tissue level or the systemic level, the precise role of DAMP is not always clear to define. While in vitro and experimental studies allow for the detection of these biomarkers at the different levels of an organism-cellular, tissue, circulation-this is not always easily transferable to the human setting. Increased knowledge exploring the dual role of DAMP after trauma, and concentrating on their nuclear functions, transcriptional targets, release mechanisms, cellular sources, multiple functions, their interactions and potential therapeutic targeting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Katharina Mörs
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Deng X, Dai P, Yu M, Chen L, Zhu C, You X, Li L, Zeng Y. Cyclophilin A is the potential receptor of the Mycoplasma genitalium adhesion protein. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:405-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Xue C, Sowden MP, Berk BC. Extracellular and Intracellular Cyclophilin A, Native and Post-Translationally Modified, Show Diverse and Specific Pathological Roles in Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:986-993. [PMID: 29599134 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CypA (cyclophilin A) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein with peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity. Because of its highly abundant level in the cytoplasm, most studies have focused on the roles of CypA as an intracellular protein. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role for extracellular CypA in the pathogenesis of several diseases through receptor (CD147 or other)-mediated autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the shared and unique pathological roles of extracellular and intracellular CypA in human cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the evolving role of post-translational modifications of CypA in the pathogenesis of disease is discussed. Finally, recent studies with drugs specific for extracellular CypA show its importance in disease pathogenesis in several animal models and make extracellular CypA a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Mark P Sowden
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Bradford C Berk
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.
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26
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von Ungern-Sternberg SNI, Vogel S, Walker-Allgaier B, Geue S, Maurer A, Wild AM, Münzer P, Chatterjee M, Heinzmann D, Kremmer E, Borst O, Loughran P, Zernecke A, Neal MD, Billiar TR, Gawaz M, Seizer P. Extracellular Cyclophilin A Augments Platelet-Dependent Thrombosis and Thromboinflammation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2063-2078. [PMID: 28981554 DOI: 10.1160/th17-01-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is involved in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. To our knowledge, there is no specific inhibitor targeting extracellular CyPA without affecting other extracellular cyclophilins or intracellular CyPA functions. In this study, we developed an antibody-based inhibitor of extracellular CyPA and analysed its effects in vitro and in vivo. To generate a specific antibody, mice and rats were immunized with a peptide containing the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer binding site and various antibody clones were selected and purified. At first, antibodies were tested for their binding capacity to recombinant CyPA and their functional activity. The clone 8H7-mAb was chosen for further experiments. 8H7-mAb reduced the CyPA-induced migration of inflammatory cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, 8H7-mAb revealed strong antithrombotic effects by inhibiting CyPA-dependent activation of platelets and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, 8H7-mAb did not influence in vivo tail bleeding time or in vitro whole blood coagulation parameters. Our study provides first evidence that antibody-based inhibition of extracellular CyPA inhibits thrombosis and thromboinflammation without affecting blood homeostasis. Thus, 8H7-mAb may be a promising compound for thrombi modulation in inflammatory diseases to prevent organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Walker-Allgaier
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Geue
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Wild
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Heinzmann
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Ohtsuki T, Satoh K, Omura J, Kikuchi N, Satoh T, Kurosawa R, Nogi M, Sunamura S, Yaoita N, Aoki T, Tatebe S, Sugimura K, Takahashi J, Miyata S, Shimokawa H. Prognostic Impacts of Plasma Levels of Cyclophilin A in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:685-693. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, and activated platelets in response to oxidative stress. We have recently demonstrated that plasma CyPA level is a novel biomarker for diagnosing coronary artery disease. However, it remains to be elucidated whether plasma CyPA levels also have a prognostic impact in such patients.
Approach and Results—
In 511 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography, we measured the plasma levels of CyPA, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and brain natriuretic peptide and evaluated their prognostic impacts during the follow-up (42 months, interquartile range: 25–55 months). Higher CyPA levels (≥12 ng/mL) were significantly associated with all-cause death, rehospitalization, and coronary revascularization. Higher hsCRP levels (≥1 mg/L) were also significantly correlated with the primary end point and all-cause death, but not with rehospitalization or coronary revascularization. Similarly, higher brain natriuretic peptide levels (≥100 pg/mL) were significantly associated with all-cause death and rehospitalization, but not with coronary revascularization. Importantly, the combination of CyPA (≥12 ng/mL) and hsCRP (≥1 mg/L) was more significantly associated with all-cause death (hazard ratio, 21.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.9–92.3,;
P
<0.001) than CyPA (≥12 ng/mL) or hsCRP (≥1 mg/L) alone.
Conclusions—
The results indicate that plasma CyPA levels can be used to predict all-cause death, rehospitalization, and coronary revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease and that when combined with other biomarkers (hsCRP and brain natriuretic peptide levels), the CyPA levels have further enhanced prognostic impacts in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ohtsuki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kimio Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Omura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nogi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sunamura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yaoita
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Aoki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tatebe
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sugimura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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28
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Mendonça R, Silveira AAA, Conran N. Red cell DAMPs and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:665-78. [PMID: 27251171 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis, or the destruction of red blood cells in the circulation, can occur in numerous diseases, including the acquired hemolytic anemias, sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, as well as during some transfusion reactions, preeclampsia and infections, such as those caused by malaria or Clostridium perfringens. Hemolysis results in the release of large quantities of red cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into the circulation, which, if not neutralized by innate protective mechanisms, have the potential to activate multiple inflammatory pathways. One of the major red cell DAMPs, heme, is able to activate converging inflammatory pathways, such as toll-like receptor signaling, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammasome formation, suggesting that this DAMP both activates and amplifies inflammation. Other potent DAMPs that may be released by the erythrocytes upon their rupture include heat shock proteins (Hsp), such as Hsp70, interleukin-33 and Adenosine 5' triphosphate. As such, hemolysis represents a major inflammatory mechanism that potentially contributes to the clinical manifestations that have been associated with the hemolytic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and leg ulcers, and likely plays a role in specific complications of sickle cell disease such as endothelial activation, vaso-occlusive processes and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Mendonça
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angélica A A Silveira
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
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29
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Eren G, Türkoğlu O, Atmaca H, Atilla G. Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid cyclophilin a and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer levels in different periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:162-6. [PMID: 27176139 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclophilin A (CypA) is able to regulate inflammatory responses and matrix metalloproteinase production via its interaction with extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). EMMPRIN is the cell surface receptor of CypA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) CypA and EMMPRIN levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) and periodontally healthy controls. METHODS Twenty CP patients, 19 G-AgP patients and 20 healthy control subjects were included in the present study. All study participants were non-smokers. Full mouth clinical periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were recorded. GCF CypA and EMMPRIN levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed statistically with parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS GCF CypA total amount was higher in the G-AgP group compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), whereas CypA total amounts were similar in CP and healthy controls (p>0.05). No significant difference in GCF CypA total amount between CP and G-AgP was observed (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in GCF EMMPRIN total amounts among the study groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Higher levels of GCF CypA in patients with G-AgP might demonstrate that CypA is associated with the inflammatory infiltrate and alveolar bone destruction of G-AgP. However, GCF CypA level does not seem to be affected by CP. Similar GCF EMMPRIN levels in diseased and healthy groups might suggest that EMMPRIN has role in the turn over of connective tissues in physiological conditions as well as pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülnihal Eren
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Oya Türkoğlu
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Gül Atilla
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İzmir, Turkey
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30
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PPIA rs6850: A > G single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with raised plasma cyclophilin A levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:259-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Proteomic Alterations in B Lymphocytes of Sensitized Mice in a Model of Chemical-Induced Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138791. [PMID: 26398101 PMCID: PMC4580316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM The role of B-lymphocytes in chemical-induced asthma is largely unknown. Recent work demonstrated that transferring B lymphocytes from toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized mice into naïve mice, B cell KO mice and SCID mice, triggered an asthma-like response in these mice after a subsequent TDI-challenge. We applied two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to describe the "sensitized signature" of B lymphocytes comparing TDI-sensitized mice with control mice. RESULTS Sixteen proteins were identified that were significantly up- or down-regulated in B lymphocytes of sensitized mice. Particularly differences in the expression of cyclophilin A, cofilin 1 and zinc finger containing CCHC domain protein 11 could be correlated to the function of B lymphocytes as initiators of T lymphocyte independent asthma-like responses. CONCLUSION This study revealed important alterations in the proteome of sensitized B cells in a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma, which will have an important impact on the B cell function.
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Holliday MJ, Armstrong GS, Eisenmesser EZ. Determination of the Full Catalytic Cycle among Multiple Cyclophilin Family Members and Limitations on the Application of CPMG-RD in Reversible Catalytic Systems. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5815-27. [PMID: 26335054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins catalyze cis ↔ trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds, influencing protein folding along with a breadth of other biological functions such as signal transduction. Here, we have determined the microscopic rate constants defining the full enzymatic cycle for three human cyclophilins and a more distantly related thermophilic bacterial cyclophilin when catalyzing interconversion of a biologically representative peptide substrate. The cyclophilins studied here exhibit variability in on-enzyme interconversion as well as an up to 2-fold range in rates of substrate binding and release. However, among the human cyclophilins, the microscopic rate constants appear to have been tuned to maintain remarkably similar isomerization rates without a concurrent conservation of apparent binding affinities. While the structures and active site compositions of the human cyclophilins studied here are highly conserved, we find that the enzymes exhibit significant variability in microsecond to millisecond time scale mobility, suggesting a role for the inherent conformational fluctuations that exist within the cyclophilin family as being functionally relevant in regulating substrate interactions. We have additionally modeled the relaxation dispersion profile given by the commonly employed Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation dispersion (CPMG-RD) experiment when applied to a reversible enzymatic system such as cyclophilin isomerization and identified a significant limitation in the applicability of this approach for monitoring on-enzyme turnover. Specifically, we show both computationally and experimentally that the CPMG-RD experiment is sensitive to noncatalyzed substrate binding and release in reversible systems even at saturating substrate concentrations unless the on-enzyme interconversion rate is much faster than the substrate release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holliday
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver , 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Geoffrey S Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Elan Z Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver , 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Hahn JN, Kaushik DK, Yong VW. The role of EMMPRIN in T cell biology and immunological diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:33-48. [PMID: 25977287 PMCID: PMC7166407 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0215-045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Review on EMMPRIN in numerous immunological/inflammatory disease conditions and its complex roles in T cell biology. EMMPRIN (CD147), originally described as an inducer of the expression of MMPs, has gained attention in its involvement in various immunologic diseases, such that anti‐EMMPRIN antibodies are considered as potential therapeutic medications. Given that MMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of various disease states, it is relevant that targeting an upstream inducer would make for an effective therapeutic strategy. Additionally, EMMPRIN is now appreciated to have multiple roles apart from MMP induction, including in cellular functions, such as migration, adhesion, invasion, energy metabolism, as well as T cell activation and proliferation. Here, we review what is known about EMMPRIN in numerous immunologic/inflammatory disease conditions with a particular focus on its complex roles in T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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34
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Nath PR, Isakov N. Insights into peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase structure and function in immunocytes. Immunol Lett 2015; 163:120-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jiang L, Gao MJ, Zhou J, Zhao J, Zhao SW, Zhao YF. Serum cyclophilin A concentrations in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine A: clinical implications for gingival overgrowth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 116:447-54. [PMID: 24035111 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical factors in relation to the cyclosporine A (CsA) induced gingival overgrowth (GO). STUDY DESIGN Seventy-three participants were assigned as GO+ and GO-. Factors including demographic, pharmacological, gingival variables and the serum cyclophilin A (CyPA) concentration were analyzed. RESULTS The occurrence of GO was 39.72%. Papillary bleeding index (PBI) had a significantly higher risk of GO than plaque index (PI), the ratio of CsA to CyPA, and serum CyPA concentration (odds ratio = 364.323, 25.791, 1.002, 0.096, respectively). The severity of GO correlated with PI, the ratio of CsA to CyPA, PBI, serum concentrations of CsA and CyPA (r = 0.366, 0.355, 0.344, 0.305, and -0.232, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Since a cross-sectional study is not able to explain whether plaque and inflammation are the cause or consequence of GO, the ratio of CsA to CyPA may be a valuable marker for predicting GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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Wei Y, Jinchuan Y, Yi L, Jun W, Zhongqun W, Cuiping W. Antiapoptotic and proapoptotic signaling of cyclophilin A in endothelial cells. Inflammation 2014. [PMID: 23180369 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a key event in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Apoptosis may lead to endothelial dysfunction and contribute to vascular complications. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is the main reactive oxygen species-induced factor that enhances the inflammatory activity of vascular cells in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mechanism by which CyPA induces EC apoptosis is not entirely clear. Through Western blot, it demonstrated that extracellular CyPA activated the Akt and NF-κB pathway, followed by the upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression in ECs. When blocking intracellular CyPA by small interfering RNA in ECs, the effects of TNF-α-induced EC apoptosis and proapoptotic protein caspase-3 expression were significantly inhibited. This study shows that CyPA may initiate antiapoptotic and proapoptotic signaling in ECs, especially in response to reactive oxygen species stimulation. It serves as a potential target for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jie Fang Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is an abundantly expressed intracellular protein. It exerts a variety of functions due to its peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. When released into the extracellular space, CyPA binds to its extracellular receptor CD147 (EMMPRIN) and thereby initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes. Recent data indicate that both extra- and intracellular CyPA significantly contribute to cardiovascular inflammation, myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury, and myocardial remodelling processes. Thus, CyPA appears to represent a novel target to treat vascular and myocardial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str.10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Pancreatic acinar cells-derived cyclophilin A promotes pancreatic damage by activating NF-κB pathway in experimental pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yeh HY, Shoemaker CA, Klesius PH. Chemotactic activity of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), recombinant cyclophilin A. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:1041-1046. [PMID: 23634847 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Yeh
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, USA
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Cyclophilin A: a key player for human disease. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e888. [PMID: 24176846 PMCID: PMC3920964 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitously distributed protein belonging to the immunophilin family. CyPA has peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, which regulates protein folding and trafficking. Although CyPA was initially believed to function primarily as an intracellular protein, recent studies have revealed that it can be secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Current research in animal models and humans has provided compelling evidences supporting the critical function of CyPA in several human diseases. This review discusses recently available data about CyPA in cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, neurodegeneration, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, asthma, periodontitis and aging. It is believed that further elucidations of the role of CyPA will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases and will help develop novel pharmacological therapies.
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Malesevic M, Gutknecht D, Prell E, Klein C, Schumann M, Nowak RA, Simon JC, Schiene-Fischer C, Saalbach A. Anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular cyclosporins are exclusively mediated by CD147. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7302-11. [PMID: 23964991 DOI: 10.1021/jm4007577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking and recruitment is a critical process in host immune surveillance and in inflammatory diseases. Extracellular cyclophilins (eCyps) have been identified as a novel class of chemotactic mediators. The impact of eCyp/CD147 interactions for the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation was analyzed using a structurally simplified cell-impermeable eCyp inhibitor. This compound was highly effective at inhibiting leukocyte migration toward CypA in vitro as well as in the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation in a mouse model of experimentally induced peritonitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. By using CD147-/- mice in combination with the cell-impermeable eCyp inhibitor, we were able to show that the action of eCyps in inflammation is exclusively mediated by interaction with CD147. Our findings suggest that blocking eCyps may be an effective therapeutic target for reducing inflammatory diseases associated with leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Malesevic
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding , Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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42
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Butler GS, Overall CM. Matrix metalloproteinase processing of signaling molecules to regulate inflammation. Periodontol 2000 2013; 63:123-48. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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van Beers JJBC, Schwarte CM, Stammen-Vogelzangs J, Oosterink E, Božič B, Pruijn GJM. The rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid citrullinome reveals novel citrullinated epitopes in apolipoprotein E, myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen, and β-actin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:69-80. [PMID: 23044660 DOI: 10.1002/art.37720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate a catalog of citrullinated proteins that are present in the synovia of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to elucidate their relevance for the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response in RA. METHODS Polypeptides isolated from the synovial fluid of patients with RA were identified by mass spectrometry. Three proteins (apolipoprotein E [Apo E], myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen [MNDA], and β-actin) were studied in more detail, using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. The presence of autoantibodies to synthetic peptides derived from these proteins in sera from patients with RA, sera from patients with other diseases, and sera from healthy control subjects was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS RA synovial fluid samples displayed several distinct patterns of citrullinated proteins. Using mass spectrometry, (fragments of) 192 proteins were identified, including 53 citrullinated proteins, some of which contained multiple citrullinated residues. In addition to previously reported citrullinated proteins in RA synovia (e.g., vimentin and fibrinogen), a series of novel citrullinated proteins, including Apo E, MNDA, β-actin, and cyclophilin A, was identified. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the citrullination of Apo E and MNDA. ELISAs demonstrated the presence of autoreactive citrullinated epitopes in Apo E, MNDA, and β-actin. CONCLUSION Synovial fluid samples from the inflamed joints of patients with RA contain many citrullinated proteins. Citrullinated Apo E, MNDA, and β-actin are novel antigens identified in RA synovial fluid, and only a limited number of their citrullinated epitopes are targeted by the immune system in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J B C van Beers
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ramachandran S, Venugopal A, Sathisha K, Reshmi G, Charles S, Divya G, Chandran NSP, Mullassari A, Pillai MR, Kartha CC. Proteomic profiling of high glucose primed monocytes identifies cyclophilin A as a potential secretory marker of inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Proteomics 2013; 12:2808-21. [PMID: 22930659 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is widely recognized to be a potent stimulator of monocyte activity, which is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We analyzed the monocyte proteome for potential markers that would enhance the ability to screen for early inflammatory status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using proteomic technologies. Monocytic cells (THP-1) were primed with high glucose (HG), their protein profiles were analyzed using 2DE and the downregulated differentially expressed spots were identified using MALDI TOF/MS. We selected five proteins that were secretory in function with the help of bioinformatic programs. A predominantly downregulated protein identified as cyclophilin A (sequence coverage 98%) was further validated by immunoblotting experiments. The cellular mRNA levels of cyclophilin A in various HG-primed cells were studied using qRT-PCR assays and it was observed to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. LC-ESI-MS was used to identify this protein in the conditioned media of HG-primed cells and confirmed by Western blotting as well as ELISA. Cyclophilin A was also detected in the plasma of patients with diabetes. We conclude that cyclophilin A is secreted by monocytes in response to HG. Given the paracrine and autocrine actions of cyclophilin A, the secreted immunophilin could be significant for progression of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Our study also provides evidence that analysis of monocyte secretome is a viable strategy for identifying candidate plasma markers in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Zuern CS, Müller KAL, Seizer P, Geisler T, Banya W, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Bauer A, Gawaz M, May AE. Cyclophilin A predicts clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 15:176-84. [PMID: 23243067 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophilin A (CyPA) represents a ubiquitous intracellular protein, which is secreted by inflammatory and by dying/necrotic cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of CyPA expression in endomyocardial biopsies of consecutive patients with congestive heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 227 unselected patients (age 53.9 ± 15 years) with congestive heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy for diagnostic reasons were enrolled. Biopsies were analysed using established histopathological and immunohistological criteria together with CyPA staining. Virus genome was studied by polymerase chain reaction. CyPA was significantly enhanced in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (n = 127) as compared with patients with non-inflammatory cardiomyopathy (n = 100, P < 0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 16.3 months, 60 patients (26.4%) reached the primary endpoint, a composite of all-cause death, heart transplantation, malignant arrhythmia, and heart failure-related rehospitalization. Of all clinical (ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class), laboratory (brain natriuretic peptide), and immunohistological parameters (CyPA, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, CD68, CD3, major hisocompatibility complex II, and virus genome) tested, only CyPA was identified as an independent predictor for the composite endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.2; P = 0.019] as well as for all-cause death and heart transplantation alone (HR 4.7; 95% CI 1.1-19.8; P = 0.036). Subgroup analysis revealed CyPA as a predictor in patients with non-inflammatory cardiomyopathy for the composite endpoint (HR 3.0; 95% CI 1.3-6.6; P = 0.007) as well as all-cause death or heart transplantation alone (HR 6.4; 95% CI 1.4-28.1; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS CyPA is an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Zuern
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
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Nishioku T, Dohgu S, Koga M, Machida T, Watanabe T, Miura T, Tsumagari K, Terasawa M, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Cyclophilin A secreted from fibroblast-like synoviocytes is involved in the induction of CD147 expression in macrophages of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:44. [PMID: 23167819 PMCID: PMC3542031 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the immunophilin family, is a ubiquitously distributed intracellular protein. Recent studies have shown that CypA is secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Elevated levels of extracellular CypA and its receptor, CD147 have been detected in the synovium of patients with RA. However, the precise process of interaction between CypA and CD147 in the development of RA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate CypA secretion from fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and CypA-induced CD147 expression in mouse macrophages. Findings CIA was induced by immunization with type II collagen in mice. The expression and localization of CypA and CD147 was investigated by immunoblotting and immunostaining. Both CypA and CD147 were highly expressed in the joints of CIA mice. CD147 was expressed in the infiltrated macrophages in the synovium of CIA mice. In vitro, spontaneous CypA secretion from FLS was detected and this secretion was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. CypA markedly increased CD147 levels in macrophages. Conclusions These findings suggest that an interaction in the synovial joints between extracellular CypA and CD147 expressed by macrophages may be involved in the mechanisms underlying the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nishioku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Ramachandran S, Kartha C. Cyclophilin-A: a potential screening marker for vascular disease in type-2 diabetes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1005-15. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes involves abnormalities in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and monocytes. The metabolic abnormalities that characterize diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acids, and insulin resistance, each provoke molecular mechanisms that contribute to vascular dysfunction. Several molecules have been identified as risk markers, and have been studied to prevent progression of disease and long-term complications. Markers such as C-reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are used to assess risk for adverse cardiac events, but elevated levels are possible due to the presence of other risk factors as part of the natural physiological defense mechanism. In this review we discuss potential of cyclophilin-A, a secreted oxidative-stress-induced immunophilin with diverse functions. We present evidence for a significant role of cyclophilin-A in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes, and its potential as a marker for vascular disease in type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, India
| | - C.C. Kartha
- Cardiovascular Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, India
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Acevedo O, Ambrose Z, Flaherty PT, Aamer H, Jain P, Sambasivarao SV. Identification of HIV inhibitors guided by free energy perturbation calculations. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:1199-216. [PMID: 22316150 DOI: 10.2174/138161212799436421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Free energy perturbation (FEP) theory coupled to molecular dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo (MC) statistical mechanics offers a theoretically precise method for determining the free energy differences of related biological inhibitors. Traditionally requiring extensive computational resources and expertise, it is only recently that its impact is being felt in drug discovery. A review of computer-aided anti-HIV efforts employing FEP calculations is provided here that describes early and recent successes in the design of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In addition, our ongoing work developing and optimizing leads for small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilin A (CypA) is highlighted as an update on the current capabilities of the field. CypA has been shown to aid HIV-1 replication by catalyzing the cis/trans isomerization of a conserved Gly-Pro motif in the Nterminal domain of HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein. In the absence of a functional CypA, e.g., by the addition of an inhibitor such as cyclosporine A (CsA), HIV-1 has reduced infectivity. Our simulations of acylurea-based and 1-indanylketone-based CypA inhibitors have determined that their nanomolar and micromolar binding affinities, respectively, are tied to their ability to stabilize Arg55 and Asn102. A structurally novel 1-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido) indole core was proposed to maximize these interactions. FEP-guided optimization, experimental synthesis, and biological testing of lead compounds for toxicity and inhibition of wild-type HIV-1 and CA mutants have demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 infection in two cell lines. While the inhibition is modest compared to CsA, the results are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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Marcant A, Denys A, Melchior A, Martinez P, Deligny A, Carpentier M, Allain F. Cyclophilin B Attenuates the Expression of TNF-α in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages through the Induction of B Cell Lymphoma-3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2023-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Bahmed K, Henry C, Holliday M, Redzic J, Ciobanu M, Zhang F, Weekes C, Sclafani R, Degregori J, Eisenmesser E. Extracellular cyclophilin-A stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a cell-dependent manner but broadly stimulates nuclear factor kappa B. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:19. [PMID: 22631225 PMCID: PMC3390265 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, cyclophilin-A (peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, PPIA), has been studied for decades in the context of its intracellular functions, its extracellular roles as a major contributor to both inflammation and multiple cancers have more recently emerged. A wide range of activities have been ascribed to extracellular PPIA that include induction of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, which potentially underlie its roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, there have been conflicting reports as to which particular signaling events are under extracellular PPIA regulation, which may be due to either cell-dependent responses and/or the use of commercial preparations recently shown to be highly impure. Methods We have produced and validated the purity of recombinant PPIA in order to subject it to a comparative analysis between different cell types. Specifically, we have used a combination of multiple methods such as luciferase reporter screens, translocation assays, phosphorylation assays, and nuclear magnetic resonance to compare extracellular PPIA activities in several different cell lines that included epithelial and monocytic cells. Results Our findings have revealed that extracellular PPIA activity is cell type-dependent and that PPIA signals via multiple cellular receptors beyond the single transmembrane receptor previously identified, Extracellular Matrix MetalloPRoteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN). Finally, while our studies provide important insight into the cell-specific responses, they also indicate that there are consistent responses such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling induced in all cell lines tested. Conclusions We conclude that although extracellular PPIA activates several common pathways, it also targets different receptors in different cell types, resulting in a complex, integrated signaling network that is cell type-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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