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Nag N, Ray T, Tapader R, Gope A, Das R, Mahapatra E, Saha S, Pal A, Prasad P, Pal A. Metallo-protease Peptidase M84 from Bacillusaltitudinis induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by targeting PAR-1. iScience 2024; 27:109828. [PMID: 38799586 PMCID: PMC11126781 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We have purified Peptidase M84 from Bacillus altitudinis in an effort to isolate anticancer proteases from environmental microbial isolates. This metallo-protease had no discernible impact on normal cell survival, but it specifically induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. PAR-1, a GPCR which is reported to be overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells, was identified as a target of Peptidase M84. We observed that Peptidase M84 induced PAR-1 overexpression along with activating its downstream signaling effectors NF-κB and MAPK to promote excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This evoked apoptotic death of the ovarian cancer cells through the intrinsic route. In in vivo set-up, weekly intraperitoneal administration of Peptidase M84 in syngeneic mice significantly diminished ascites accumulation, increasing murine survival rates by 60%. Collectively, our findings suggested that Peptidase M84 triggered PAR-1-mediated oxidative stress to act as an apoptosis inducer. This established Peptidase M84 as a drug candidate for receptor mediated targeted-therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Nag
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Tanusree Ray
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rima Tapader
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Animesh Gope
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Mahapatra
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
| | - Saibal Saha
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Ananda Pal
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati 45229-3026, OH, USA
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
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Concato-Lopes VM, Gonçalves-Lens MD, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Detoni MB, Cruz EMS, Bortoleti BTDS, Carloto ACM, Rodrigues ACJ, Silva TF, Siqueira EDS, de Matos RLN, Alves Cardoso IL, Conchon-Costa I, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Arakawa NS, Dekker RFH, Mantovani MS, Pavanelli WR. Trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate from Sphagneticola trilobata acts by inducing oxidative stress, metabolic changes and apoptosis-like processes by caspase 3/7 activation of human lung cancer cell lines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155536. [PMID: 38513379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer, a chronic and heterogeneous disease, is the leading cause of cancer-related death on a global scale. Presently, despite a variety of available treatments, their effectiveness is limited, often resulting in considerable toxicity and adverse effects. Additionally, the development of chemoresistance in cancer cells poses a challenge. Trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate (TBB), a natural sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Sphagneticola trilobata, has exhibited antitumor effects. Its pharmacological properties in NSCLC lung cancer, however, have not been explored. PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of TBB on the A549 and NCI-H460 tumor cell lines in vitro, examining its antiproliferative properties and initial mechanisms of cell death. METHODS TBB, obtained at 98 % purity from S. trilobata leaves, was characterized using chromatographic techniques. Subsequently, its impact on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vitro, TBB-induced cytotoxicity in LLC-MK2, THP-1, AMJ2-C11 cells, as well as its effects on sheep erythrocytes, and the underlying mechanisms of cell death, were assessed. RESULTS In silico predictions have shown promising drug-likeness potential for TBB, indicating high oral bioavailability and intestinal absorption. Treatment of A549 and NCI-H460 human tumor cells with TBB demonstrated a direct impact, inducing significant morphological and structural alterations. TBB also reduced migratory capacity without causing toxicity at lower concentrations to LLC-MK2, THP-1 and AMJ2-C11 cell lines. This antiproliferative effect correlated with elevated oxidative stress, characterized by increased levels of ROS, superoxide anion radicals and NO, accompanied by a decrease in antioxidant markers: SOD and GSH. TBB-stress-induced led to changes in cell metabolism, fostering the accumulation of lipid droplets and autophagic vacuoles. Stress also resulted in compromised mitochondrial integrity, a crucial aspect of cellular function. Additionally, TBB prompted apoptosis-like cell death through activation of caspase 3/7 stressors. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the potential of TBB as a promising candidate for future studies and suggest its viability as an additional component in the development of novel anticancer drugs prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Marcia Concato-Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves-Lens
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemical, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa Detoni
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Jacob Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Elaine da Silva Siqueira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ian Lucas Alves Cardoso
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemical, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nilton Syogo Arakawa
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemical, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos-EIRELI, Lote 24(A) - Bloco Zirconia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, CEP: 86036-700, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Biology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Chen PM, Katsuyama E, Satyam A, Li H, Rubio J, Jung S, Andrzejewski S, Becherer JD, Tsokos MG, Abdi R, Tsokos GC. CD38 reduces mitochondrial fitness and cytotoxic T cell response against viral infection in lupus patients by suppressing mitophagy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4271. [PMID: 35704572 PMCID: PMC9200274 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infection is one of the major causes of mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously found that CD38, an ectoenzyme that regulates the production of NAD+, is up-regulated in CD8+ T cells of SLE patients and correlates with the risk of infection. Here, we report that CD38 reduces CD8+ T cell function by negatively affecting mitochondrial fitness through the inhibition of multiple steps of mitophagy, a process that is critical for mitochondria quality control. Using a murine lupus model, we found that administration of a CD38 inhibitor in a CD8+ T cell-targeted manner reinvigorated their effector function, reversed the defects in autophagy and mitochondria, and improved viral clearance. We conclude that CD38 represents a target to mitigate infection rates in people with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Min Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eri Katsuyama
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Rubio
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen PM, Tsokos GC. Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:88-95. [PMID: 35290598 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and inflammation in multiple organs. In this article, we present data on how various mitochondria pathologies are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease including the fact that they serve as a reservoir of autoantigens which contribute to the upending of lymphocyte tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondrial DNA from various cell sources, including neutrophil extracellular traps, platelets, and red blood cells, elicits the production of type I interferon which contributes to breaking of peripheral tolerance. Mitochondrial DNA also serves as autoantigen targeted by autoantibodies. Mutations of mitochondrial DNA triggered by reactive oxygen species induce T cell cross-reactivity against self-antigens. Selective gene polymorphisms that regulate mitochondrial apoptosis in autoreactive B and T cells represent another key aspect in the induction of autoimmunity. Various mitochondrial abnormalities, including changes in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, genetic polymorphism, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and apoptosis pathways, are each linked to different aspects of lupus pathogenesis. However, whether targeting these mitochondrial pathologies can be used to harness autoimmunity remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Min Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Teng X, Brown J, Morel L. Redox Homeostasis Involvement in the Pharmacological Effects of Metformin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:462-479. [PMID: 34619975 PMCID: PMC8982129 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metformin has been proposed as a treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The primary target of metformin, the electron transport chain complex I in the mitochondria, is associated with redox homeostasis in immune cells, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review addresses the evidence and knowledge gaps on whether a beneficial effect of metformin in lupus may be due to a restoration of a balanced redox state. Recent Advances: Clinical trials in SLE patients with mild-to-moderate disease activity and preclinical studies in mice have provided encouraging results for metformin. The mechanism by which this therapeutic effect was achieved is largely unknown. Metformin regulates redox homeostasis in a context-specific manner. Multiple cell types contribute to SLE, with evidence of increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in T cells and neutrophils. Critical Issues: The major knowledge gaps are whether the efficacy of metformin is linked to a restored redox homeostasis in the immune system, and if it does, in which cell types it occurs? We also need to know which patients may have a better response to metformin, and whether it corresponds to a specific mechanism? Finally, the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes would be of great value. Future Directions: Mechanistic studies must address the context-dependent pharmacological effects of metformin. Multiple cell types as well as a complex disease etiology should be considered. These studies must integrate the rapid advances made in understanding how metabolic programs direct the effector functions of immune cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 462-479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wincup C, Sawford N, Rahman A. Pathological mechanisms of abnormal iron metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:957-967. [PMID: 34263712 PMCID: PMC8452144 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1953981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] is a chronic, autoimmune condition characterized by the formation of autoantibodies directed against nuclear components and by oxidative stress. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the essential role of iron in the immune response and there is growing evidence that abnormal iron homeostasis can occur in the chronic inflammatory state seen in SLE. Not only is iron vital for hematopoiesis, it is also important for a number of other key physiological processes, in particular in maintaining healthy mitochondrial function.Areas covered: In this review, we highlight the latest understanding with regards to how patients with SLE may be at risk of cellular iron depletion as a result of both absolute and functional iron deficiency. Furthermore, we aim to explain the latest evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the disease.Expert opinion: Growing evidence suggests that both abnormal iron homeostasis and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction can impair effector immune cell function. Through a greater understanding of these abnormalities, therapeutic options that directly target iron and mitochondria may ultimately represent novel treatment targets that may translate into clinical care of patients with SLE in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wincup
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Sawford
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Abnormal Mitochondrial Physiology in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 47:427-439. [PMID: 34215372 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormalities within the innate and adaptive immune systems. Activation and proliferation of a wide array of immune cells require significant up-regulation in cellular energy metabolism, with the mitochondria playing an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of this response. This article highlights how abnormal mitochondrial function may occur in SLE and focuses on how energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial repair play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. How this may represent an appealing novel therapeutic target for future drug therapy in SLE also is discussed.
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Wen S, Wang L, Zhang W, Xu M, Song R, Zou H, Gu J, Bian J, Yuan Y, Liu Z. Induction of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway mediated through caspase-8 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase by cadmium-activated Fas in rat cortical neurons. Metallomics 2021; 13:6311136. [PMID: 34185081 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and an environmental pollutant and can cause neurotoxicity by inducing apoptosis. Fas (CD95/Apo-1) is a cell-surface receptor that triggers apoptosis upon ligand binding, mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of Fas in Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis remain understudied. Here, we demonstrate that activation of caspase-8 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway are mechanisms underlying Cd-induced Fas-mediated activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rat cerebral cortical neurons. In vitro, Cd induced apoptosis in primary cortical neurons by activating caspase-8, JNK, and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Fas knockdown enhanced cell viability in the presence of Cd and inhibited apoptosis by blocking Cd-activated Fas, caspase-8, and JNK. Fas knockdown also inhibited the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, cleavage of caspase-9/3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, and impaired nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. In vivo, Fas knockdown alleviated Cd-induced neuronal injury and inhibited apoptosis, activation of caspase-8, JNK, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in rat cerebral cortical neurons. In summary, our results demonstrate that Cd-activated Fas relays apoptotic signals from the cell surface to the mitochondria via caspase-8 and JNK activation in rat cerebral cortical neurons, leading to aggravation of the neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangquan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingchang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Yao Y, Lawrence DA. Susceptibility to COVID-19 in populations with health disparities: Posited involvement of mitochondrial disorder, socioeconomic stress, and pollutants. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22626. [PMID: 32905655 PMCID: PMC9340490 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel betacoronavirus that has caused the global health crisis known as COVID-19. The implications of mitochondrial dysfunction with COVID-19 are discussed as well as deregulated mitochondria and inter-organelle functions as a posited comorbidity enhancing detrimental outcomes. Many environmental chemicals (ECs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals can do damage to mitochondria and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. During infection, SARS-CoV-2 via its binding target ACE2 and TMPRSS2 can disrupt mitochondrial function. Viral genomic RNA and structural proteins may also affect the normal function of the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus. Drugs considered for treatment of COVID-19 should consider effects on organelles including mitochondria functions. Mitochondrial self-balance and clearance via mitophagy are important in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which indicate monitoring and protection of mitochondria against SARS-CoV-2 are important. Mitochondrial metabolomic analysis may provide new indicators of COVID-19 prognosis. A better understanding of the role of mitochondria during SARS-CoV-2 infection may help to improve intervention therapies and better protect mitochondrial disease patients from pathogens as well as people living with poor nutrition and elevated levels of socioeconomic stress and ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Yao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, New York
| | - David A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, New York
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York
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10
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Chen J, Liu N, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Cao X. The effects of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on oxidative stress, nonspecific immunity, autophagy, and apoptosis in the common carp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103587. [PMID: 31875516 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the toxicity of Aeromonas hydrophila infection to common carp has been characterized, the mechanisms underlying this toxicity have not been fully explored. The present study assessed the effects of A. hydrophila infection on oxidative stress, nonspecific immunity, autophagy, and apoptosis in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We measured the effects of 7.55 × 105 CFU/mL and 4.87 × 107 CFU/mL A. hydrophila on carp after 1, 3, 5, and 7 d of infection. GSH and SOD activity levels in the serum, liver, intestine, and gills generally increased during the early stage of infection, but significantly decreased (P < 0.05) on the seventh day. In addition, MDA levels were significantly increased throughout the infection period. The activity levels of ACP, AKP, and LZM in the liver and intestine increased on the first day after infection, then decreased on the fifth and seventh days. The mRNA expressions levels of the autophagy-associated genes atg12, atg5, LC3-II, and BECN1 in the liver, kidney, and brain substantially increased on the third day after infection (P < 0.05), while mTOR was significantly downregulated on the first and third days (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis indicated that the ratio of LC3B-ǁ/LC3B-ǀ significantly increased (P < 0.05) on days 3 and 5 post infection. Furthermore, the apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in the liver, kidney, and brain of the treatment group on the first and third days, while caspase3 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that A. hydrophila infection causes oxidative stress, stimulates nonspecific immune reactions, and results in autophagy in the common carp, possibly initiating apoptosis in the late stage of infection. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of A. hydrophila infection in carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nana Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yidi Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Jiao R, Xu F, Huang X, Li H, Liu W, Cao H, Zang L, Li Z, Hua H, Li D. Antiproliferative chromone derivatives induce K562 cell death through endogenous and exogenous pathways. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:759-772. [PMID: 32183548 PMCID: PMC7144234 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of furoxan derivatives of chromone were prepared. The antiproliferative activities were tested against five cancer cell lines HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116, B16, and K562, and two normal human cell lines L-02 and PBMCs. Among them, compound 15a exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity. It was also found 15a produced more than 8 µM of NO at the peak time of 45 min by Griess assay. Generally, antiproliferative activity is positively related to NO release to some extent. Further in-depth studies on apoptosis-related mechanisms showed that 15a caused S-phase cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis significantly through mitochondria-related pathways. Human apoptosis protein array assay also demonstrated 15a increased the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, Bad, HtrA2 and Trail R2/DR5. The expression of catalase and cell cycle blocker claspin were similarly up-regulated. In balance, 15a induced K562 cells death through both endogenous and exogenous pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runwei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Linghe Zang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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12
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Montrose DC, Galluzzi L. Drugging cancer metabolism: Expectations vs. reality. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 347:1-26. [PMID: 31451211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As compared to their normal counterparts, neoplastic cells exhibit a variety of metabolic changes that reflect not only genetic and epigenetic defects underlying malignant transformation, but also the nutritional and immunobiological conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Such alterations, including the so-called Warburg effect (an increase in glucose uptake largely feeding anabolic and antioxidant metabolism), have attracted considerable attention as potential targets for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. However, very few drugs specifically conceived to target bioenergetic cancer metabolism are currently approved by regulatory agencies for use in humans. This reflects the elevated degree of heterogeneity and redundancy in the metabolic circuitries exploited by neoplastic cells from different tumors (even of the same type), as well as the resemblance of such metabolic pathways to those employed by highly proliferating normal cells. Here, we summarize the major metabolic alterations that accompany oncogenesis, the potential of targeting bioenergetic metabolism for cancer therapy, and the obstacles that still prevent the clinical translation of such a promising therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Montrose
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.
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13
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Li J, Zhu X, Yang S, Xu H, Guo M, Yao Y, Huang Z, Lin D. Lidocaine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment After Isoflurane Anesthesia by Reducing Mitochondrial Damage. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1703-1714. [PMID: 30989480 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to be one of the earliest triggering events in isoflurane-induced neuronal damage. Lidocaine has been demonstrated to attenuate the impairment of cognition in aged rats induced by isoflurane in our previous study. In this study, we hypothesized that lidocaine could attenuate isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment by reducing mitochondrial damage. H4 human neuroglioma cells and 18-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to isoflurane or isoflurane plus lidocaine. Cognitive function was tested at 14 days after treatment by the Barnes Maze test in male Fischer 344 rats. Morphology was observed under electron microscope, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, electron transfer chain (ETC) enzyme activity, complex-I-IV activity, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry of annexin V-FITC binding, TUNEL assay, and Western blot analyses were applied. Lidocaine attenuated cognitive impairment caused by isoflurane in aged Fischer 344 rat. Lidocaine was effective in reducing mitochondrial damage, mitigating the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reversing isoflurane-induced changes in complex activity in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and inhibiting the apoptotic activities induced by isoflurane in H4 cells and Fischer 344 rats. Additionally, lidocaine suppressed the ratio of Bax (the apoptosis-promoting protein) to Bcl-2 (the apoptosis-inhibiting protein) caused by isoflurane in H4 cells. Lidocaine proved effective in attenuating isoflurane-induced POCD by reducing mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangze Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiquan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Daowei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun-Yat sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Nordin N, Yeap SK, Rahman HS, Zamberi NR, Abu N, Mohamad NE, How CW, Masarudin MJ, Abdullah R, Alitheen NB. In vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of citral nanostructured lipid carrier on MDA MBA-231 human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1614. [PMID: 30733560 PMCID: PMC6367486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Very recently, we postulated that the incorporation of citral into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC-Citral) improves solubility and delivery of the citral without toxic effects in vivo. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate anti-cancer effects of NLC-Citral in MDA MB-231 cells in vitro through the Annexin V, cell cycle, JC-1 and fluorometric assays. Additionally, this study is aimed to effects of NLC-Citral in reducing the tumor weight and size in 4T1 induced murine breast cancer model. Results showed that NLC-Citral induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in MDA MB-231 cells. Furthermore, a prominent anti-metastatic ability of NLC-Citral was demonstrated in vitro using scratch, migration and invasion assays. A significant reduction of migrated and invaded cells was observed in the NLC-Citral treated MDA MB-231 cells. To further evaluate the apoptotic and anti-metastatic mechanism of NLC-Citral at the molecular level, microarray-based gene expression and proteomic profiling were conducted. Based on the result obtained, NLC-Citral was found to regulate several important signaling pathways related to cancer development such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastasis signaling pathways. Additionally, gene expression analysis was validated through the targeted RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, the NLC-Citral inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro, majorly through the induction of apoptosis, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis potentials, and reducing the tumor weight and size without altering the therapeutic effects of citral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Nordin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Clinic and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nur Rizi Zamberi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Elyani Mohamad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Kontogiannis TG, Tosios KI, Kerezoudis NP. Effect of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament on the expression of caspase-9 located within the radicular cyst epithelium. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 45:352-356. [PMID: 30632228 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis (a programmed cell death mechanism) within the radicular cyst epithelium has still not been correlated with any clinical factor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on apoptosis, via the detection of caspase-9. Thirty radicular cysts collected during apicoectomies and stored in paraffin were retrospectively retrieved. Conservative endodontic treatments had been carried out either without (group (a) n = 14), or with calcium hydroxide application (group (b), n = 16) before obturation. All cysts were immunohistochemically stained for caspase-9 to record apoptosis of the epithelium. Statistical analysis followed. The frequency of caspase-9 immunoreactivity in the cystic epithelium in the two groups was 42.86% and 93.75% of cysts respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.04 < 0.05). In cysts larger than (or equal to) 10 mm, caspase-9 was more frequently expressed. It was found calcium hydroxide appears to enhance the expression of caspase-9, especially in large lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarchis G Kontogiannis
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos P Kerezoudis
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Lee CW, Chi MC, Chang TM, Liu JF. Artocarpin induces cell apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13157-13168. [PMID: 30549031 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, because of side effects and drug resistance in chemotherapy and the insufficiency of an effective adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma, it is necessary to research novel treatments. This study was the first to investigate the anticancer effects of the flavonoid derivative artocarpin in osteosarcoma. Artocarpin induced cell apoptosis in three human osteosarcoma cell lines-U2OS, MG63, and HOS. Artocarpin was also associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction was followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and accompanied by decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and increased proapoptotic protein Bak and Bax. Artocarpin triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by changes in cytosol calcium levels and increased glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94 expressions, and also increased calpains expression and activity. Animal studies revealed a dramatic 40% reduction in tumor volume after 18 days of treatment. This study demonstrated a novel anticancer activity of artocarpin against human osteosarcoma cells and in murine tumor models. In summary, artocarpin significantly induced cell apoptosis through ROS, ER stress, mitochondria, and the caspase pathway, and may thus be a novel anticancer treatment for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Ming Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Desa DE, Nichols MG, Smith HJ. Aminoglycosides rapidly inhibit NAD(P)H metabolism increasing reactive oxygen species and cochlear cell demise. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-14. [PMID: 30411553 PMCID: PMC6225535 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite causing permanent hearing loss by damaging inner ear sensory cells, aminoglycosides (AGs) remain one of the most widely used classes of antibiotics in the world. Although the mechanisms of cochlear sensory cell damage are not fully known, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are clearly implicated. Mitochondrial-specific ROS formation was evaluated in acutely cultured murine cochlear explants exposed to gentamicin (GM), a representative ototoxic AG antibiotic. Superoxide (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured using MitoSOX Red and Dihydrorhodamine 123, respectively, in sensory and supporting cells. A 1-h GM exposure significantly increased O2·- formation in IHCs and increased H2O2 formation in all cell types. At the same time point, GM significantly increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels while significantly decreasing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in cochlear sensory cells. This suggests (1) a rapid conversion of highly reactive O2·- to H2O2 during the acute stage of ototoxic antibiotic exposure and (2) that the endogenous antioxidant system is significantly altered by AGs. Fluorescence intensity-based measurements of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured to determine if increases in GM-induced ROS production were correlated with changes in mitochondrial metabolism. This project provides a basis for understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS production in cochlear cells exposed to ototoxic antibiotics. Understanding the nature of ototoxic antibiotic-induced changes in mitochondrial metabolism is critical for developing hearing loss treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Desa
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Michael G. Nichols
- Creighton University, Department of Physics, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Creighton University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Heather Jensen Smith
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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18
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Light-induced generation and toxicity of docosahexaenoate-derived oxidation products in retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2018; 181:325-345. [PMID: 30296412 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cleavage of docosahexaenoate (DHA) in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells produces 4-hydroxy-7-oxohept-5-enoic acid (HOHA) esters of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine (PC). HOHA-PC spontaneously releases a membrane-permeant HOHA lactone that modifies primary amino groups of proteins and ethanolamine phospholipids to produce 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) derivatives. CEPs have significant pathological relevance to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including activation of CEP-specific T-cells leading to inflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages in the retina involved in "dry AMD" and TLR2-dependent induction of angiogenesis that characterizes "wet AMD". RPE cells accumulate DHA from shed rod photoreceptor outer segments through phagocytosis and from plasma lipoproteins secreted by the liver through active uptake from the choriocapillaris. As a cell model of light-induced oxidative damage of DHA phospholipids in RPE cells, ARPE-19 cells were supplemented with DHA, with or without the lipofuscin fluorophore A2E. In this model, light exposure, in the absence of A2E, promoted the generation HOHA lactone-glutathione (GSH) adducts, depletion of intracellular GSH and a competing generation of CEPs. While DHA-rich RPE cells exhibit an inherent proclivity toward light-induced oxidative damage, photosensitization by A2E nearly doubled the amount of lipid oxidation and expanded the spectral range of photosensitivity to longer wavelengths. Exposure of ARPE-19 cells to 1 μM HOHA lactone for 24 h induced massive (50%) loss of lysosomal membrane integrity and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Using senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) staining that detects lysosomal β-galactosidase, we determined that exposure to HOHA lactone induces senescence in ARPE-19 cells. The present study shows that products of light-induced oxidative damage of DHA phospholipids in the absence of A2E can lead to RPE cell dysfunction. Therefore, their toxicity may be especially important in the early stages of AMD before RPE cells accumulate lipofuscin fluorophores.
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19
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Molina AS, Duprat Neto JP, Bertolli E, da Cunha IW, Fregnani JHTG, Figueiredo PHM, Soares FA, Macedo MP, Pinto Lopes CA, de Abranches Oliveira Santos Filho ID. Relapse in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A histological and molecular analysis. J Surg Oncol 2018; 117:845-850. [PMID: 29509956 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare low grade tumor with a locally aggressive behavior and low metastatic potential. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the factors that are associated with relapse in DFSP. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records from 61 patients with dermatofibrosarcoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect translocations. RESULTS Of 61 patients, 6 experienced a relapse. No patient with resection margins greater than 3 cm had a recurrence. One relapse was observed in a patient treated with at least 2 cm margins and 4 relapses occurred in 16 patients whose margins were below 2 cm (P = 0.018). The frequency of translocations was 77.8%. The recurrence rate was lower in patients with translocation, but this difference was not significant. Immunohistochemical markers did not correlate with recurrence rates, but greater FasL expression was associated with recurrence in patients with margins smaller than 3 cm. CONCLUSIONS Surgical margins smaller than than 2 cm are related to higher recurrences in dermatofibrosarcomas. In this analysis a 2 cm margin was acceptable for treatment. Between all the immunohistochemical markers analyzed, only FasL was associated with a higher recurrence rate in patients with margins smaller than 3 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Molina
- Skin Cancer Department, AC Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Bertolli
- Skin Cancer Department, AC Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José H T G Fregnani
- Research and Teaching Institute of Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando A Soares
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Macedo
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Zhu Q, Yang J, Zhu R, Jiang X, Li W, He S, Jin J. Dihydroceramide-desaturase-1-mediated caspase 9 activation through ceramide plays a pivotal role in palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1033-44. [PMID: 27364952 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, results showed that the inhibition of PA-induced HepG2 cell growth takes place in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, that activation of caspase 9 is necessary for PA-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, that dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1) plays a key role in PA-mediated caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation, and that palmitoleic acid (POA), an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, reverses PA-induced apoptosis through DES1 → Ceramide → Caspase 9 → Caspase 3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210011, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqing He
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang X, Qu L, Chen L, Chen C. Improvement of cardiomyocyte function by in vivo hexarelin treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13612. [PMID: 29446246 PMCID: PMC5812882 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diastolic and systolic cardiac dysfunction, yet no therapeutic drug to specifically treat it. Hexarelin has been demonstrated to improve heart function in various types of cardiomyopathy via its receptor GHS-R. This experiment aims to test the effect of hexarelin on cardiomyocytes under experimental diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rat model was employed with vehicle injection group as control. Daily hexarelin (100 μg/kg) treatment was performed for 2 weeks after 4-week STZ-induced diabetes. Cardiomyocytes were isolated by enzyme treatment under O2 -saturated perfusion for single-cell shortening, [Ca2+ ]i transient, and electrophysiology recordings. GHS-R expression and apoptosis-related signaling proteins Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and 9, were assessed by western blot. Experimental data demonstrated a reduced cell contraction and relaxation in parallel with depressed rise and fall of [Ca2+ ]i transients in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Hexarelin reversed the changes in both contraction and [Ca2+ ]i . Action potential duration and transient outward potassium current (Ito ) density were dramatically increased in diabetic cardiomyocytes and hexarelin treatment reverse such changes. Upregulated GHS receptor (GHS-R) expression was observed in both control and diabetic groups after hexarelin treatment, which also caused antiapoptotic changes of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and 9 expression. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, hexarelin is able to improve cardiomyocyte function through recovery of Ito K+ currents, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and antiapoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Zhang
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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22
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Jia Y, Gan Y, He C, Chen Z, Zhou C. The mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:112-119. [PMID: 29174114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin lipids, compose of sebocyte-, keratinocyte-, and microbe- derived lipids, dramatically influence skin status by different mechanisms. (I) Physical chemistry function: They are "mortar" to establish the physico-chemical barrier function of skin; (II) Biochemistry function: They function as signals in the complex signaling network originating at the epidermal level; (III) Microecology function: Sebocyte- and keratinocyte-derived lipids vary the composition of microbial skin flora, and microorganisms metabolize them to produce lipids as signal starting signaling transduction. Importantly, further research needs lipidiomics, more powerful analytical ability and high-throughput manner, to identify skin lipid components into individual species. The validation of lipid structure and function to research the process that lipid species involved in. Additional, the integration of lipidomics data with other omics strategies can develop the power to study the mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yao Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibition suppresses cisplatin toxicity in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:316-321. [PMID: 28207569 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells may acquire drug resistance by activating DNA repair signaling. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in DNA repair and it is overexpressed in many cancers including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). PARP inhibitors have been used either alone or with other drugs to augment cancer cell death. However, whether PARP inhibitors may also augment cell death induced by chemotherapeutic agents in CML cells has not been studied. K562 cells with or without PARP-1 knockdown were treated with cisplatin alone or together with olaparib. The cell death was investigated by propidium iodide staining and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blotting. Olaparib suppressed cisplatin-induced cell death in K562 and MEG01 cells. Moreover, PARP-1 knockdown also attenuated cisplatin toxicity in CML cells. Inhibition of PARP decreased cisplatin toxicity by attenuating caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. These results indicated that the toxicity of cisplatin in CML cells requires PARP activity. Therefore, PARP inhibitors may not be useful with DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin in CML treatment.
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Chen CT, Wang ZH, Hsu CC, Lin HH, Chen JH. Taiwanese and Japanese yam ( Dioscorea spp.) extracts attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:872-880. [PMID: 28987364 PMCID: PMC9328877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore whether yam could protect the heart from doxorubicin (DOX)-induced oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity in vivo. In this study, the protective effects of water and ethanol extracts of three varieties of yam, including water extracts of Dioscorea japonica Thunb., ethanol extracts of D. japonica Thunb., water extracts of Dioscorea alata, ethanol extracts of D. alata, water extracts of Dioscorea purpurea, and ethanol extracts of D. purpurea, against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental mice were evaluated. DOX treatment led to significant decreases in the ratio of heart weight to body weight and heart rate, and increases in blood pressure and the serum level of lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of cardiotoxicity, were recovered by yam extracts, especially in water extracts of D. alata. Yam extracts also decreased the cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid relative substances, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory factors, as well as the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, while ethanol extracts of D. japonica Thunb. and D. purpurea were shown to be more potent. Moreover, yam extracts had a role in increasing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, thus improving the DOX-induced alterations in oxidative status in the heart tissue of DOX-treated mice. All ethanol extracts of yam exhibited their antiapoptotic abilities on caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and ethanol extracts of D. alata still exerted a superior effect. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that yam has significant cardioprotective properties against DOX-induced damage via its multiple effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiapoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tai Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City,
Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City,
Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City,
Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City,
Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City,
Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City,
Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan. E-mail address: (J.-H. Chen)
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25
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ÖZ A, ÇELİK Ö, ÖVEY İS. Effects of Different Doses of Curcumin on Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Calcium Ion Influx in DBRG Glioblastoma Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.37212/jcnos.330858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Lee MS, Tsai CW, Wang CP, Chen JH, Lin HH. Anti-prostate cancer potential of gossypetin via inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2578-2592. [PMID: 28671312 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gossypetin (GTIN), a naturally occurring hexahydroxy flavone, has been shown to possess antimutagenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiatherosclerotic effects. Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) underlying the anticancer potential of GTIN. In this study, investigations were showed that GTIN preferentially induces programed cell death of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro and in vivo. MTT data showed that GTIN exhibited the anti-proliferation effect on human PCa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Among two kinds of PCa cells, androgen-dependent LNCaP cells were the most susceptible to GTIN. GTIN was evaluated for apoptotic and autophagic activities in LNCaP cells, but not in androgen-independent DU145 cells with mutant Atg5 and resistant to autophagy. Molecular data showed the apoptotic effect of GTIN at a high dose in PCa cells might be mediated via mitochondrial pathway. The lower dose of GTIN-induced autophagy enhances LNCaP cell death, and is dependent on class III PI3K and Atg5 pathway. Finally, GTIN was evidenced by its inhibition on the growth of LNCaP cells in xenograft tumor studies. As a result, our data presented the first evidence of GTIN as an inducer of apoptotic and autophagic cell death in LNCaP cells, and provide a new mechanism for its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shih Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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27
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Tsai CW, Yang MD, Hsia TC, Chang WS, Hsu CM, Hsieh YH, Chung JG, Bau DT. Dithiothreitol enhanced arsenic-trioxide-induced cell apoptosis in cultured oral cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:17-27. [PMID: 26494474 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is naturally occurring toxic metalloid and drinking As2 O3 containing water are recognized to be related to increased risk of neurotoxicity, liver injury, blackfoot disease, hypertension, and cancer. On the contrary, As2 O3 has been an ancient drug used in traditional Chinese medicine with substantial anticancer activities, especially in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia as well as chronic wound healing. However, the cytotoxicity and detail mechanisms of As2 O3 action in solid cancer cells, such as oral cancer cells, are largely unknown. In this study, we have primarily cultured four pairs of tumor and nontumor cells from the oral cancer patients and treated the cells with As2 O3 alone or combined with dithiothreitol (DTT). The results showed that 0.5 μM As2 O3 plus 20 μM DTT caused a significant cell death of oral cancer cells but not the nontumor cells. Also As2 O3 plus DTT upregulated Bax and Bak, downregulated Bcl-2 and p53, caused a loss of mitochondria membrane potential in oral cancer cells. On the other way, As2 O3 also triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased the levels of glucose-regulated protein 78, calpain 1 and 2. Our results suggest that DTT could synergistically enhance the effects of As2 O3 on killing oral cancer cells while nontoxic to the nontumor cells. The combination is promising for clinical practice in oral cancer therapy and worth further investigations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 17-27, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Intensive Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mu Hsu
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institution of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Tica Sedlar I, Petricevic J, Saraga-Babic M, Pintaric I, Vukojevic K. Apoptotic pathways and stemness in the colorectal epithelium and lamina propria mucosae during the human embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:693-703. [PMID: 27612611 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Programmed cell death is essential both during normal organ development and carcinogenesis. In this study we immunohistochemically analyzed different pathways of cell death in 11 human conceptuses 5th-10th-weeks old, 10 low and high grade colorectal carcinomas (CRC), and 10 normal colon samples by using markers for apoptosis (caspase-3, AIF, TUNEL), proliferation (Ki-67) and stemness (Oct-4). RESULTS Between the 5th and 10th week of development, caspase-3 and AIF showed moderate-to-strong expression in the developing gut wall. During development, number of caspase-3-reactive cells decreased, while AIF increased. While healthy colorectal control and low grade CRC showed moderate expression of caspase-3 and AIF, in high grade CRC their expression was strong. Tumor tissues displayed significantly higher number of positive cells than controls. Occasionally, co-expressing of both markers characterized dying cells. In developing colon, Oct-4 and Ki-67 showed moderate-to-strong expression, while some cells co-expressed both markers. Their number decreased in the epithelium and increased in the connective tissue in later development. Healthy colorectal control displayed moderate Ki-67 and mild Oct-4 reactivity. While in low-grade CRC expression Oct-4 and Ki-67 was moderate, in high-grade CRC their expression was strong. Although Oct-4 and TUNEL occasionally co-expressed in all samples, both grades of CRC contained cells that were Oct-4 positive only. CONCLUSION Our study revealed two different parallel pathways of cell death, with characteristic increase of AIF-mediated apoptosis when compared to caspase-3, and presence of stemness cells both during colon development and carcinogenesis. These finding might be considered as important diagnostic, survival and CRC therapy predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tica Sedlar
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - J Petricevic
- Department of Pathology, Citology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Saraga-Babic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - I Pintaric
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - K Vukojevic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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29
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Zarifi M, Tzika AA. Proton MRS imaging in pediatric brain tumors. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:952-62. [PMID: 27233788 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques offer a noninvasive, non-irradiating yet sensitive approach to diagnosing and monitoring pediatric brain tumors. Proton MR spectroscopy (MRS), as an adjunct to MRI, is being more widely applied to monitor the metabolic aspects of brain cancer. In vivo MRS biomarkers represent a promising advance and may influence treatment choice at both initial diagnosis and follow-up, given the inherent difficulties of sequential biopsies to monitor therapeutic response. When combined with anatomical or other types of imaging, MRS provides unique information regarding biochemistry in inoperable brain tumors and can complement neuropathological data, guide biopsies and enhance insight into therapeutic options. The combination of noninvasively acquired prognostic information and the high-resolution anatomical imaging provided by conventional MRI is expected to surpass molecular analysis and DNA microarray gene profiling, both of which, although promising, depend on invasive biopsy. This review focuses on recent data in the field of MRS in children with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zarifi
- Department of Radiology, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Aria Tzika
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Shriners Burn Hospital, 51 Blossom St., Room #261, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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30
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Green Chemistry Approach for Synthesis of Effective Anticancer Palladium Nanoparticles. Molecules 2015; 20:22476-98. [PMID: 26694334 PMCID: PMC6332282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design and synthesize Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using an environmentally friendly approach and evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PdNPs in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to monitor the conversion of Pd(II) ions to Pd(0)NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the crystallinity of the as-synthesized PdNPs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) further confirmed the role of the leaf extract of Evolvulus alsinoides as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of PdNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the average size of the NPs was 5 nm. After a 24-h exposure to PdNPs, cell viability and light microscopy assays revealed the dose-dependent toxicity of the PdNPs. Furthermore, the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the PdNPs was confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of PdNPs-induced autophagy, impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), enhanced caspase-3 activity, and detection of TUNEL-positive cells. Our study demonstrates a single, simple, dependable and green approach for the synthesis of PdNPs using leaf extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides. Furthermore, the in vitro efficacy of PdNPs in human ovarian cancer cells suggests that it could be an effective therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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31
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Shelar SB, Kaminska KK, Reddy SA, Kumar D, Tan CT, Yu VC, Lu J, Holmgren A, Hagen T, Chew EH. Thioredoxin-dependent regulation of AIF-mediated DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:125-36. [PMID: 26119781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one major redox system in mammalian cells. One of its component, Trx, is involved in redox homeostasis and many cellular biological processes through participating in disulfide reduction, S-nitrosylation/S-denitrosylation reactions and protein-protein interactions. In this study, we report the identification of a novel interaction between cytosolic/nuclear Trx1 and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and the redox sensitivity and biological significance of the Trx-AIF interaction was characterized. Cytosolic Trx1 but not mitochondrial Trx2 was observed to interact with AIF under physiological conditions and Trx1's active site cysteines were crucial for the interaction. Under oxidative stress conditions, Trx-AIF interaction was disrupted. When the treated cells were allowed to recover from oxidative stress by means of removal of the oxidants, interaction between Trx1 and AIF was re-established time-dependently, which underpins the biological relevance of a Trx-dependent redox regulation of AIF-mediated cell death. Indeed, in times of oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of AIF was found to occur concurrently with perturbations to the Trx-AIF interaction. Once localized in the nucleus, reduced Trx1 hindered the interaction between AIF and DNA, thereby bringing about an attenuation of AIF-mediated DNA damage. In conclusion, characterization of the Trx-AIF interaction has led to an understanding of the effect of reduced Trx1 on possibly regulating AIF-dependent cell death through impeding AIF-mediated DNA damage. Importantly, identification of the novel interaction between Trx1 and AIF has provided opportunities to design and develop therapeutically relevant strategies that either promote or prevent this protein-protein interaction for the treatment of different disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Shelar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Kamila K Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Shridhivya A Reddy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), S138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chong-Teik Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Victor C Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Jun Lu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore.
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32
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Leishangthem BD, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Role of altered mitochondria functions in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2015; 25:272-81. [PMID: 26385216 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315605370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, main producers of reactive-oxygen species (ROS), were studied to examine their role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PBMCs and mitochondria were isolated from SLE patients and healthy volunteers for various parameters. Mitochondrial ROS, swelling, hyperpolarization and levels of cytochrome c, caspase3 in the cells were assessed by flow cytometry. ROS was significantly increased in SLE patients (SLE vs controls: 1.83 ± 1.03 vs 1.10 ± 0.35; p < 0.0001). Depolarized state of mitochondria was greater in patients (SLE vs controls: 7.10 ± 5.50% vs 2.5 ± 1.8%; p < 0.05). Mitochondria swelling was found to be significantly altered in patients (SLE vs controls: 112.65 ± 36.56 vs 60.49 ± 20.69; p < 0.001). Expression of cytochrome c and caspase 3 (SLE vs controls: 1.37 ± 0.37% vs 1.01 ± 0.03%; 1.57 ± 0.46% vs 1.06 ± 0.07%; p < 0.05) respectively was found to be significantly increased in SLE. Further, the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial complex was assessed in isolated mitochondria. A significant decrease in activity of Complex I (SLE vs controls: 11.79 ± 3.18 vs 15.10 ± 6.38 nmol NADH oxidized/min/mg protein, p < 0.05); Complex IV (SLE vs control: 9.41 ± 5.16 vs 13.56 ± 5.92 nmol cytochrome c oxidized/min/mg protein, p < 0.05) and Complex V (SLE vs controls: 4.85 ± 1.39 vs 6.17 ± 2.02 nmol ATP hydrolyzed/min/mg protein, p < 0.05) was found in SLE patients in comparison to healthy controls. However, Complex II did not show significant variation in either group (SLE vs controls: 42.2 ± 28.6 vs 61.71 ± 42.3 nmol succinate oxidized/min/mg protein; ns). The decrease in enzyme activities of mitochondrial Complexes I, IV and V on one hand and ROS, hyperpolarization and apoptosis on the other points toward a possible role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Leishangthem
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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33
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Dhandayuthapani S, Azad H, Rathinavelu A. Apoptosis Induction byOcimum sanctumExtract in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:776-85. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani
- Rumbaugh Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Hasan Azad
- Rumbaugh Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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In Vivo Protective Effects of Diosgenin against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Nutrients 2015; 7:4938-54. [PMID: 26091236 PMCID: PMC4488824 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) induces oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin of Dioscorea opposita, has been reported to have antioxidant activity. Our study was aimed to find out the protective effect of diosgenin against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. DOX treatment led to a significant decrease in the ratio of heart weight to body weight, and increases in the blood pressure and the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatine kinase myocardial bound (CK-MB), markers of cardiotoxicity. In the heart tissue of the DOX-treated mice, DOX reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were recovered by diosgenin. Diosgenin also decreased the serum levels of cardiotoxicity markers, cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), an inflammatory factor. Moreover, diosgenin had the effects of increasing the cardiac levels of cGMP via modulation of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity, and in improving myocardial fibrosis in the DOX-treated mice. Molecular data showed that the protective effects of diosgenin might be mediated via regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and p38. Our data imply that diosgenin possesses antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities, and cGMP modulation effect, which in turn protect the heart from the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Characterization of the apoptotic response induced by the cyanine dye D112: a potentially selective anti-cancer compound. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125381. [PMID: 25927702 PMCID: PMC4415924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs that are used in anti-cancer treatments often cause the death of both cancerous and noncancerous cells. This non-selective toxicity is the root cause of untoward side effects that limits the effectiveness of therapy. In order to improve chemotherapeutic options for cancer patients, there is a need to identify novel compounds with higher discrimination for cancer cells. In the past, methine dyes that increase the sensitivity of photographic emulsions have been investigated for anti-cancer properties. In the 1970's, Kodak Laboratories initiated a screen of approximately 7000 dye structural variants for selective toxicity. Among these, D112 was identified as a promising compound with elevated toxicity against a colon cancer cell line in comparison to a non-transformed cell line. Despite these results changing industry priorities led to a halt in further studies on D112. We decided to revive investigations on D112 and have further characterized D112-induced cellular toxicity. We identified that in response to D112 treatment, the T-cell leukemia cell line Jurkat showed caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and phosphatidylserine externalization, all of which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Chemical inhibition of caspase enzymatic activity and blockade of the mitochondrial pathway through Bcl-2 expression inhibited D112-induced apoptosis. At lower concentrations, D112 induced growth arrest. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of D112 induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we analyzed the intracellular localization of D112, and found that D112 associated with mitochondria. Interestingly, in the cell lines that we tested, D112 showed increased toxicity toward transformed versus non-transformed cells. Results from this work identify D112 as a potentially interesting molecule warranting further investigation.
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Wang Y, Xu MY, Liu JP, Wang MG, Yin HQ, Tu JM. Molecular identification and interaction assay of the gene (OsUbc13) encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in rice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:624-37. [PMID: 25001222 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzyme, Ubc13, has been known to be involved in error-free DNA damage tolerance (or post-replication repair) via catalyzing Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains formation together with a Ubc variant. However, its functions remain largely unknown in plant species, especially in monocotyledons. In this study, we cloned a Ub-conjugating enzyme, OsUbc13, that shares the conserved domain of Ubc with AtUBC13B in Oryza sativa L., which encodes a protein of 153 amino acids; the deduced sequence shares high similarities with other homologs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that OsUbc13 transcripts could be detected in all tissues examined, and the expression level was higher in palea, pistil, stamen, and leaf, and lower in root, stem, and lemma; the expression of OsUbc13 was induced by low temperature, methylmethane sulfate (MMS), and H(2)O(2), but repressed by mannitol, abscisic acid (ABA), and NaCl. OsUbc13 was probably localized in the plasma and nuclear membranes. About 20 proteins, which are responsible for the positive yeast two-hybrid interaction of OsUbc13, were identified. These include the confirmed OsVDAC (correlated with apoptosis), OsMADS1 (important for development of floral organs), OsB22EL8 (related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and DNA protection), and OsCROC-1 (required for formation of Lys63 polyubiquitylation and error-free DNA damage tolerance). The molecular characterization provides a foundation for the functional study of OsUbc13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Chiu CT, Hsuan SW, Lin HH, Hsu CC, Chou FP, Chen JH. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf polyphenolic extract induces human melanoma cell death, apoptosis, and autophagy. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H649-58. [PMID: 25694272 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the least common but most fatal form of skin cancer. Previous studies have indicated that an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we want to investigate the anticancer activity of Hibiscus leaf polyphenolic (HLP) extract in melanoma cells. First, HLP was exhibited to be rich in epicatechin gallate (ECG) and other polyphenols. Apoptotic and autophagic activities of HLP and ECG were further evaluated by DAPI stain, cell-cycle analysis, and acidic vascular organelle (AVO) stain. Our results revealed that both HLP and ECG induced the caspases cleavages, Bcl-2 family proteins regulation, and Fas/FasL activation in A375 cells. In addition, we also revealed that the cells presented AVO-positive after HLP treatments. HLP could increase the expressions of autophagy-related proteins autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), Beclin1, and light chain 3-II (LC3-II), and induce autophagic cell death in A375 cells. These data indicated that the anticancer effect of HLP, partly contributed by ECG, in A375 cells. HLP potentially could be developed as an antimelanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tang Chiu
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical Univ, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Singh DV, Agarwal S, Singh P, Godbole MM, Misra K. Curcumin conjugates induce apoptosis via a mitochondrion dependent pathway in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5797-804. [PMID: 24289580 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin its conjugates with piperic acid and glycine were synthesized by esterifying the 4 and 4' phenolic hydroxyls, the sites of metabolic conjugation. Antiproliferative and apoptotic efficacy of synthesized conjugates was investigated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. IC50 values of di-O-glycinoyl (CDG) and di-O-piperoyl (CDP) esters of curcumin were found to be comparable with that of curcumin. Both conjugates induced chromatin condensation fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. CDP exposure to MCF-7 cells induced apoptosis initiating loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) followed by inhibition of translocation of transcription factor NF-kB and release of Cytochrome-C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by fluorescent activated cell sorter. Change in ratio of Bcl2/ Bclxl was observed, suggesting permeablization of mitochondrial membrane leading to the release of AIF, Smac and other apoptogenic molecules. DNA fragmentation as a hallmark for apoptosis was monitored by TUNEL as well as agrose gel electrophoresis. Thus, it was proven that conjugation does not affect the therapeutic potential of parent molecule in vitro, while these could work in vivo as prodrugs with enhanced pharmacokinetic profile. Pharmacokinetics of these molecules under in vivo conditions is a further scope of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durg Vijay Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India E-mail :
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Pradeep AR, Suke DK, Prasad MVR, Singh SP, Martande SS, Nagpal K, Naik SB, Guruprasad CN, Raju AP, Singh P, Siddaya M. Expression of key executioner of apoptosis caspase-3 in periodontal health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:174-9. [PMID: 25388853 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM A highly-regulated form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, and its perturbation has been associated with periodontal disease. Caspase-3 is one of the key executioners of apoptosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and correlate the levels of caspase-3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in participants with clinically-healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Forty-four sex- and age-matched participants were enrolled into three groups based on clinical parameters. Group 1 participants had clinically-healthy periodontium, group 2 participants had gingivitis, and group 3 participants had CP. GCF and serum samples were collected to evaluate the levels of caspase-3. RESULTS The mean caspase-3 concentration in GCF and serum was highest in group 3, followed by group 2, and was significantly correlated with gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). CONCLUSION GCF and the serum concentration of caspase-3 proportionally increases with the progression of periodontal disease, that is, gingival inflammation, PD, and CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani R Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Suke
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M V Ramchandra Prasad
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sonender Pal Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Somnath Martande
- Department of Periodontics, Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kanika Nagpal
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha B Naik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Guruprasad
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arjun P Raju
- Department of Radiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttaranchal, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Opthalamology, Grant Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Math Siddaya
- Department of Dentistry, Bidar Medical College and Research Institute, Bidar, Karnataka, India
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Pitchai D, Roy A, Ignatius C. In vitro evaluation of anticancer potentials of lupeol isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. on MCF-7 cell line. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:179-84. [PMID: 25364696 PMCID: PMC4215481 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.143037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupeol is a triterpenoid, present in most of the medicinally effective plants and possess a wide range of biological activity against human diseases. The present study aims at evaluating the anticancer potentials of lupeol, isolated from the leaves of Elephantopus scaber L. and thereby explores its action on key cancer marker, Bcl-2. The effect of lupeol on the cell viability of MCF-7 was determined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays at different concentrations. The efficacy of the compound to induce cell death was analyzed using AO/EtBr staining. Phase contrast microscopic analysis provided the changes in cell morphology of the compound treated normal breast cells (MCF-10A) and MCF-7 cells. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins in the normal, cancer and lupeol treated cancer cell was analyzed by western blotting. Lupeol induced an effective change in the cell viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 concentration as 80 μM. Induction of cell death, change in cell morphology and population of the cancer cells was observed in the lupeol treated cells, but the normal cells were not affected. The compound effectively downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expressions, which directly contribute for the induction of MCF-7 cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Thus, lupeol acts as an anticancer agent against MCF-7 cells and is a potent phytodrug to be explored further for its cytotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Pitchai
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Zoology, Holy Cross College (Automonous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Automonous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cybil Ignatius
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Automonous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hou CH, Lin FL, Hou SM, Liu JF. Hyperthermia induces apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum and reactive oxygen species in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17380-95. [PMID: 25268613 PMCID: PMC4227168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a relatively rare form of cancer, but OS is the most commonly diagnosed bone cancer in children and adolescents. Chemotherapy has side effects and induces drug resistance in OS. Since an effective adjuvant therapy was insufficient for treating OS, researching novel and adequate remedies is critical. Hyperthermia can induce cell death in various cancer cells, and thus, in this study, we investigated the anticancer method of hyperthermia in human OS (U-2 OS) cells. Treatment at 43 °C for 60 min induced apoptosis in human OS cell lines, but not in primary bone cells. Furthermore, hyperthermia was associated with increases of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activation in U-2 OS cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction was followed by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and was accompanied by decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and increased pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax. Hyperthermia triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which was characterized by changes in cytosolic calcium levels, as well as increased calpain expression and activity. In addition, cells treated with calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) blocked hyperthermia-induced cell apoptosis in U-2 OS cells. In conclusion, hyperthermia induced cell apoptosis substantially via the ROS, ER stress, mitochondria, and caspase pathways. Thus, hyperthermia may be a novel anticancer method for treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Ling Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 221, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Mon Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
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42
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Wang CQ, Li X, Wang MQ, Qian J, Zheng K, Bian HW, Han N, Wang JH, Pan JW, Zhu MY. Protective effects of ETC complex III and cytochrome c against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in yeast. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:435-44. [PMID: 24437935 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.885116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the mitochondrial electron transfer components (ETC) complex III and cytochrome c (cyt c) play essential roles in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis. However, in yeast, the functions of cyt c and other ETC components remain unclear. In this study, three ETC-defective yeast mutants qcr7Δ, cyc1Δcyc7Δ, and cox12Δ, lacking cyt c oxidoreductase (complex III), cyt c, and cyt c oxidase (complex IV), respectively, were used to test the roles of these proteins in the response of cells to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Mutants qcr7Δ and cyc1Δcyc7Δ displayed greater H₂O₂ sensitivity than the wild-type or cox12Δ mutant. Consistent with this, qcr7Δ and cyc1Δcyc7Δ produced higher ROS levels, displayed derepressed expression of the proapoptotic genes AIF1, NUC1, and NMA111, but not YCA1, at the mRNA level, and were more vulnerable to H₂O₂-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutants lacking these proapoptotic genes displayed enhanced H₂O₂ tolerance, but unaffected ROS accumulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Ced-9, AtBI-1, and PpBI-1) reduced the levels of AIF1, NUC1, and NMA111 mRNAs, and reduced H₂O₂-induced cell death. Our findings identify two ETC components as early-inhibitory members of the ROS-mediated apoptotic pathway, suggesting their essential roles in metabolizing H₂O₂, probably by providing reduced cyt c, allowing cyt c peroxidase to remove H₂O₂ from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-qun Wang
- Institute of Genetics, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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Lin HH, Shi MD, Tseng HC, Chen JH. Andrographolide sensitizes the cytotoxicity of human colorectal carcinoma cells toward cisplatin via enhancing apoptosis pathways in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:108-20. [PMID: 24563380 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to suppress the growth and invasion of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) Lovo cells, and trigger apoptosis in vitro. The potential of Andro as a chemotherapeutic agent in CRC was evaluated by investigating its cytotoxic effects as a single agent or in coadministration with cisplatin (CDDP). Andro potentiated the cytotoxic effect of CDDP in Lovo cells through apoptosis. The molecular mechanism for these favorable cellular response was further investigated by analyzing the apoptotic profiles, protein levels, and mRNA expression patterns of several key genes after treatments of Andro or/and CDDP. Molecular results indicated that the effect of Andro alone might be mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in Lovo cells. The addition of Andro to CDDP induced synergistic apoptosis, which could be corroborated to the changes in protein and mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2, and the increased Fas/FasL association in these cells, resulting in increased release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases. Pretreatment of Nok-1 monoclonal antibody, a Fas signaling inhibitor, or Bax inhibitor peptide V5 repressed the Andro-induced cleavage of procaspase and the sensitization to CDDP-induced apoptosis. Finally, the combination therapy of Andro with CDDP was evidenced by its synergistic inhibition on the growth of Lovo cells in xenograft tumor studies. The results indicate that Andro, in combination with chemotherapeutics, is likely to represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Uchida Y. Ceramide signaling in mammalian epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:453-62. [PMID: 24055887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide, the backbone structure of all sphingolipids, as well as a minor component of cellular membranes, has a unique role in the skin, by forming the epidermal permeability barrier at the extracellular domains of the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is required for terrestrial mammalian survival. In contrast to the role of ceramide in forming the permeability barrier, the signaling roles of ceramide and its metabolites have not yet been recognized. Ceramide and/or its metabolites regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes. Recent studies have further demonstrated that a ceramide metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate, modulates innate immune function. Ceramide has already been applied to therapeutic approaches for treatment of eczema associated with attenuated epidermal permeability barrier function. Pharmacological modulation of ceramide and its metabolites' signaling can also be applied to cutaneous disease prevention and therapy. The author here describes the signaling roles of ceramide and its metabolites in mammalian cells and tissues, including the epidermis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Dermatology Service and Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: a treatable cause of cell death in stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 5:136-44. [PMID: 24323707 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs targeting excitotoxic cell death have demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects in animal models of cerebral ischemia. However, these neuroprotective effects have almost universally required drug administration at relatively short time intervals after ischemia onset. This finding has translated to clinical trial results; interventions targeting excitotoxicity have had no demonstrable efficacy when initiated hours after ischemia onset, but beneficial effects have been reported with more rapid initiation. Consequently, there continues to be a need for interventions with efficacy at later time points after ischemia. Here, we focus on mitochondrial dysfunction as both a relatively late event in ischemic neuronal death and a recognized cause of delayed neuronal death. Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a primary cause of mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent mitochondria-triggered cell death in ischemia reperfusion. PARP-1 consumes cytosolic NAD(+), thereby blocking both glycolytic ATP production and delivery of glucose carbon to mitochondria for oxidative metabolism. However, ketone bodies such as pyruvate, beta- and gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and 1,4-butanediol can fuel mitochondrial metabolism in cells with depleted cytosolic NAD(+) as long as the mitochondria remain functional. Ketone bodies have repeatedly been shown to be highly effective in preventing cell death in animal models of ischemia, but a rigorous study of the time window of opportunity for this approach remains to be performed.
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Abstract
Non-surgical therapies for human malignancies must negotiate complex cell signaling pathways to impede cancer cell growth, ideally promoting death of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. For most of the past half century, medical approaches for treating cancer have relied primarily on cytotoxic chemotherapeutics that interfere with DNA replication and cell division, susceptibilities of rapidly dividing cancer cells. As a consequence, these therapies exert considerable cell stress, promoting the generation of ceramide through de novo synthesis and recycling of complex glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin into apoptotic ceramide. Radiotherapy of cancer exerts similar geno- and cytotoxic cell stresses, and generation of ceramide following ionizing radiation therapy is a well-described feature of radiation-induced cell death. Emerging evidence now describes sphingolipids as mediators of death in response to newer targeted therapies, cementing ceramide generation as a common mechanism of cell death in response to cancer therapy. Many studies have now shown that dysregulation of ceramide accumulation-whether by reduced generation or accelerated metabolism-is a common mechanism of resistance to standard cancer therapies. The aims of this chapter will be to discuss described mechanisms of cancer resistance to therapy related to dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism and to explore clinical and preclinical approaches to interdict sphingolipid metabolism to improve outcomes of standard cancer therapies.
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Dhandayuthapani S, Marimuthu P, Hörmann V, Kumi-Diaka J, Rathinavelu A. Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via Caspase Activation by Resveratrol and Genistein. J Med Food 2013; 16:139-46. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Palanisamy Marimuthu
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Vanessa Hörmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Rudrapatna VA, Bangi E, Cagan RL. Caspase signalling in the absence of apoptosis drives Jnk-dependent invasion. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:172-7. [PMID: 23306653 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours evolve several mechanisms to evade apoptosis, yet many resected carcinomas show significantly elevated caspase activity. Moreover, caspase activity is positively correlated with tumour aggression and adverse patient outcome. These observations indicate that caspases might have a functional role in promoting tumour invasion and metastasis. Using a Drosophila model of invasion, we show that precise effector caspase activity drives cell invasion without initiating apoptosis. Affected cells express the matrix metalloprotinase Mmp1 and invade by activating Jnk. Our results link Jnk and effector caspase signalling during the invasive process and suggest that tumours under apoptotic stresses from treatment, immune surveillance or intrinsic signals might be induced further along the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek A Rudrapatna
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
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49
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The 19 kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein (LpqH) induces macrophage apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways: a role for the mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:950503. [PMID: 23316255 PMCID: PMC3536062 DOI: 10.1155/2012/950503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the association of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms in macrophage apoptosis induced by LpqH, a 19 kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein. LpqH triggered TLR2 activation, with upregulation of death receptors and ligands, which was followed by a death receptor signaling cascade with activation of initiator caspase 8 and executioner caspase 3. In this caspase-mediated phase, mitochondrial factors were involved in loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, and caspase 9 activation. Interestingly, a caspase-independent pathway was also identified; by immunoblot, the mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was demonstrated in nuclei and cytosol of LpqH-treated macrophages. Confocal microscopy revealed translocation of AIF to the nuclei of the majority of apoptotic cells. These findings emphasize the complex and redundant nature of the macrophage death response to mycobacteria.
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Liu JF, Huang YL, Yang WH, Chang CS, Tang CH. 1-benzyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole (BPB), a benzimidazole derivative, induces cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16472-88. [PMID: 23211670 PMCID: PMC3546702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of a new benzimidazole derivative, 1-benzyl-2-phenyl -benzimidazole (BPB), in human chondrosarcoma cells. BPB-mediated apoptosis was assessed by the MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. The in vivo efficacy was examined in a JJ012 xenograft model. Here we found that BPB induced apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines (JJ012 and SW1353) but not in primary chondrocytes. BPB induced upregulation of Bax, Bad and Bak, downregulation of Bcl-2, Bid and Bcl-XL and dysfunction of mitochondria in chondrosarcoma. In addition, BPB also promoted cytosolic releases AIF and Endo G. Furthermore, it triggered extrinsic death receptor-dependent pathway, which was characterized by activating Fas, FADD and caspase-8. Most importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic 40% reduction in tumor volume after 21 days of treatment. Thus, BPB may be a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No.95, Wunchang Road, Shihlin District, Taipei City 111, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, No.500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, No.199, Sec. 1, San-Min Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No.250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 7726); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764
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