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Caballero-Solares A, Eslamloo K, Hall JR, Katan T, Emam M, Xue X, Taylor RG, Balder R, Parrish CC, Rise ML. Vegetable omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids differentially modulate the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses of Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10947. [PMID: 38740811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- Centre for Marine Applied Research, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- Stantec Inc., St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Balder
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Elk River, MN, USA
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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Kang JY, Yang J, Lee H, Park S, Gil M, Kim KE. Systematic Multiomic Analysis of PKHD1L1 Gene Expression and Its Role as a Predicting Biomarker for Immune Cell Infiltration in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:359. [PMID: 38203530 PMCID: PMC10778817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic factors that regulate the cancer immune microenvironment is important for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression and establishing an effective treatment strategy. Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1-like protein 1 (PKHD1L1) is a large transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in immune cells; however, its association with tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed the clinical relevance of PKHD1L1 in the tumor microenvironment in multiple cancer types using various bioinformatic tools. We found that the PKHD1L1 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) than in normal tissues. The decreased expression of PKHD1L1 was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) in SKCM and LUAD. Additionally, PKHD1L1 expression was positively correlated with the levels of infiltrating B cells, cluster of differentiation (CD)-8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells could be associated with a good prognosis due to increased PKHD1L1 expression. Gene ontology (GO) analysis also revealed the relationship between PKHD1L1-co-altered genes and the activation of lymphocytes, including B and T cells. Collectively, this study shows that PKHD1L1 expression is positively correlated with a good prognosis via the induction of immune infiltration, suggesting that PKHD1L1 has potential prognostic value in SKCM and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kang
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Jisun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (M.G.)
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
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4
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Zhan Z, Shi-Jin L, Yi-Ran Z, Zhi-Long L, Xiao-Xu Z, Hui D, Pan YL, Pan JH. High endothelial venules proportion in tertiary lymphoid structure is a prognostic marker and correlated with anti-tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:114-126. [PMID: 36503344 PMCID: PMC9754014 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2153911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High endothelial venules (HEV) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, because HEV are components of TLS, there have been few studies of the role of the HEV proportion in TLS (HEV/TLS). This study investigated the role of the HEV/TLS and its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 203 cases of tissue pathologically diagnosed as CRC after general surgery was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2014 to July 2017. Paraffin sections were obtained from the paracancerous intestinal mucosal tissues. The area of HEV and TLS and immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. We further divided the positive HEV expression group into the high HEV/TLS group and the low HEV/TLS group by the average area of HEV/TLS. After grouping, the data were also analyzed using the chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analyses. A correlation analysis of the HEV/TLS and immune cells as well as angiogenesis was performed. RESULTS Patients with a high HEV/TLS in CRC tissue were associated with longer OS, DFS and lower TNM stage. Meanwhile, CRC tissue with a high HEV/TLS showed a greater ability to recruit the CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages and correlated with less angiogenesis. Conclusively, high HEV/TLS links to the favorable prognosis of CRC patients and correlated with anti-tumor immune microenvironment, which can be a potential biomarker for prognosis of CRC patients. CONCLUSION A high HEV/TLS is associated with a favorable prognosis for CRC and is correlated with the anti-tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, it is a potential biomarker of the CRC prognosis.KEY MESSAGESHigh HEV/TLS is associated with a favorable prognosis for CRC.High HEV/TLS correlated with the anti-tumor immune microenvironment of CRC and can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Shi-Jin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yi-Ran
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Zhi-Long
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Xiao-Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Hui
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Long Pan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Pan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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He A, Li X, Dai Z, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ding M, Wen ZF, Mou Y, Dong H. Nanovaccine-based strategies for lymph node targeted delivery and imaging in tumor immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:236. [PMID: 37482608 PMCID: PMC10364424 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccines have attracted considerable attention in the past decade; they can induce tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting immune memory and avoid non-specific and adverse side effects. However, the challenge in the field of therapeutic tumor vaccines is ensuring the delivery of immune components to the lymph nodes (LNs) to activate immune cells. The clinical response rate of traditional therapeutic tumor vaccines falls short of expectations due to inadequate lymph node delivery. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a large number of nanoplatform-based LN-targeting nanovaccines have been exploited for optimizing tumor immunotherapies. In addition, some nanovaccines possess non-invasive visualization performance, which is benefit for understanding the kinetics of nanovaccine exposure in LNs. Herein, we present the parameters of nanoplatforms, such as size, surface modification, shape, and deformability, which affect the LN-targeting functions of nanovaccines. The recent advances in nanoplatforms with different components promoting LN-targeting are also summarized. Furthermore, emerging LNs-targeting nanoplatform-mediated imaging strategies to both improve targeting performance and enhance the quality of LN imaging are discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and challenges of nanoplatform-based LN-targeting and /or imaging strategies, which optimize the clinical efficacy of nanovaccines in tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao He
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhuo Dai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Chauhan SK, Bartolomé Casado R, Landsverk OJB, Johannessen H, Phung D, Nilsen HR, Sætre F, Jahnsen J, Horneland R, Yaqub S, Aandahl EM, Lundin KEA, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Human small intestine contains 2 functionally distinct regulatory T-cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:278-289.e6. [PMID: 36893861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) CD4 cells in mouse gut are mainly specific for intestinal antigens and play an important role in the suppression of immune responses against harmless dietary antigens and members of the microbiota. However, information about the phenotype and function of Treg cells in the human gut is limited. OBJECTIVE We performed a detailed characterization of Foxp3+ CD4 Treg cells in human normal small intestine (SI) as well as from transplanted duodenum and celiac disease lesions. METHODS Treg cells and conventional CD4 T cells derived from SI were subjected to extensive immunophenotyping and their suppressive activity and ability to produce cytokines assessed. RESULTS SI Foxp3+ CD4 T cells were CD45RA-CD127-CTLA-4+ and suppressed proliferation of autologous T cells. Approximately 60% of Treg cells expressed the transcription factor Helios. When stimulated, Helios-negative Treg cells produced IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-10, whereas Helios-positive Treg cells produced very low levels of these cytokines. By sampling mucosal tissue from transplanted human duodenum, we demonstrated that donor Helios-negative Treg cells persisted for at least 1 year after transplantation. In normal SI, Foxp3+ Treg cells constituted only 2% of all CD4 T cells, while in active celiac disease, both Helios-negative and Helios-positive subsets expanded 5- to 10-fold. CONCLUSION The SI contains 2 subsets of Treg cells with different phenotypes and functional capacities. Both subsets are scarce in healthy gut but increase dramatically in active celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Raquel Bartolomé Casado
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danh Phung
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hogne Røed Nilsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Sætre
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Bozorgmehr N, Hnatiuk M, Peters AC, Elahi S. Depletion of polyfunctional CD26 highCD8 + T cells repertoire in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 36707896 PMCID: PMC9881277 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells play an essential role against tumors but the role of human CD8+CD26+ T cell subset against tumors, in particular, haematological cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains unknown. Although CD4+CD26high T cells are considered for adoptive cancer immunotherapy, the role of CD8+CD26+ T cells is ill-defined. Therefore, further studies are required to better determine the role of CD8+CD26+ T cells in solid tumors and haematological cancers. METHODS We studied 55 CLL and 44 age-sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The expression of CD26 on different T cell subsets (e.g. naïve, memory, effector, and etc.) was analyzed. Also, functional properties of CD8+CD26+ and CD8+CD26- T cells were evaluated. Finally, the plasma cytokine/chemokine and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) levels were examined. RESULTS CD26 expression identifies three CD8+ T cell subsets with distinct immunological properties. While CD26negCD8+ T cells are mainly transitional, effector memory and effectors, CD26lowCD8+ T cells are mainly naïve, stem cell, and central memory but CD26high T cells are differentiated to transitional and effector memory. CD26+CD8+ T cells are significantly reduced in CLL patients versus HCs. CD26high cells are enriched with Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells co-expressing CD161TVα7.2 and IL-18Rα. Also, CD26high cells have a rich chemokine receptor profile (e.g. CCR5 and CCR6), profound cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2), and cytolytic molecules (Granzyme B, K, and perforin) expression upon stimulation. CD26high and CD26low T cells exhibit significantly lower frequencies of CD160, 2B4, TIGIT, ICOS, CD39, and PD-1 but higher levels of CD27, CD28, and CD73 versus CD26neg cells. To understand the mechanism linked to CD26high depletion, we found that malignant B cells by shedding Galectin-9 (Gal-9) contribute to the elevation of plasma Gal-9 in CLL patients. In turn, Gal-9 and the inflammatory milieu (IL-18, IL-12, and IL-15) in CLL patients contribute to increased apoptosis of CD26high T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CD26+ T cells possess a natural polyfunctionality to traffic and exhibit effector functions and resist exhaustion. Therefore, they can be proposed for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Finally, neutralizing and/or inhibiting Gal-9 may preserve CD26highCD8+ T cells in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XSchool of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mark Hnatiuk
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepatment of Medicine Division of Hematology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Anthea C. Peters
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XSchool of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XLi Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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Montorsi L, Siu JHY, Spencer J. B cells in human lymphoid structures. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:240-252. [PMID: 36370126 PMCID: PMC9985168 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most B cells in the human body are present in tissues where they support immune responses to pathogens, vaccines, autoantigens, and tumours. Despite their clear importance, they are very difficult to study and there are many areas of uncertainty that are difficult to resolve because of limited tissue access. In this review, we consider the zonal structure of lymphoid tissues, the B cell subsets they contain, and how these are regulated. We also discuss the impact that methods of deep interrogation have made on our current knowledge base, especially with respect to studies of cells from dissociated tissues. We discuss in some detail the controversial B cells with marginal zone distribution that some consider being archived memory B cells. We anticipate that more we understand of B cells in tissues and the niches they create, the more opportunities will be identified to harness their potential for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Montorsi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline H Y Siu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Spencer
- Correspondence: Jo Spencer, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, Second Floor Borough Wing, Guy’s Hospital Campus, St Thomas’ St, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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9
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Locoregional Lymphatic Delivery Systems Using Nanoparticles and Hydrogels for Anticancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122752. [PMID: 36559246 PMCID: PMC9788085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system has gained significant interest as a target tissue to control cancer progress, which highlights its central role in adaptive immune response. Numerous mechanistic studies have revealed the benefits of nano-sized materials in the transport of various cargos to lymph nodes, overcoming barriers associated with lymphatic physiology. The potential of sustained drug delivery systems in improving the therapeutic index of various immune modulating agents is also being actively discussed. Herein, we aim to discuss design rationales and principles of locoregional lymphatic drug delivery systems for invigorating adaptive immune response for efficient antitumor immunotherapy and provide examples of various advanced nanoparticle- and hydrogel-based formulations.
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10
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Schwarzenberg FL, Schütz P, Hammel JU, Riedel M, Bartl J, Bordbari S, Frank SC, Walkenfort B, Busse M, Herzen J, Lohr C, Wülfing C, Henne S. Three-dimensional analyses of vascular network morphology in a murine lymph node by X-ray phase-contrast tomography with a 2D Talbot array. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947961. [PMID: 36524111 PMCID: PMC9745095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With growing molecular evidence for correlations between spatial arrangement of blood vasculature and fundamental immunological functions, carried out in distinct compartments of the subdivided lymph node, there is an urgent need for three-dimensional models that can link these aspects. We reconstructed such models at a 1.84 µm resolution by the means of X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a 2D Talbot array in a short time without any staining. In addition reconstructions are verified in immunohistochemistry staining as well as in ultrastructural analyses. While conventional illustrations of mammalian lymph nodes depict the hilus as a definite point of blood and lymphatic vessel entry and exit, our method revealed that multiple branches enter and emerge from an area that extends up to one third of the organ's surface. This could be a prerequisite for the drastic and location-dependent remodeling of vascularization, which is necessary for lymph node expansion during inflammation. Contrary to corrosion cast studies we identified B-cell follicles exhibiting a two times denser capillary network than the deep cortical units of the T-cell zone. In addition to our observation of high endothelial venules spatially surrounding the follicles, this suggests a direct connection between morphology and B-cell homing. Our findings will deepen the understanding of functional lymph node composition and lymphocyte migration on a fundamental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian L. Schwarzenberg
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Schütz
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Mirko Riedel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany,Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bartl
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svea-Celina Frank
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Wülfing
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Henne
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Stephan Henne,
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11
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Neuwirth T, Knapp K, Stary G. (Not) Home alone: Antigen presenting cell - T Cell communication in barrier tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984356. [PMID: 36248804 PMCID: PMC9556809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming of T cells by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is essential for T cell fate decisions, enabling T cells to migrate to specific tissues to exert their effector functions. Previously, these interactions were mainly explored using blood-derived cells or animal models. With great advances in single cell RNA-sequencing techniques enabling analysis of tissue-derived cells, it has become clear that subsets of APCs are responsible for priming and modulating heterogeneous T cell effector responses in different tissues. This composition of APCs and T cells in tissues is essential for maintaining homeostasis and is known to be skewed in infection and inflammation, leading to pathological T cell responses. This review highlights the commonalities and differences of T cell priming and subsequent effector function in multiple barrier tissues such as the skin, intestine and female reproductive tract. Further, we provide an overview of how this process is altered during tissue-specific infections which are known to cause chronic inflammation and how this knowledge could be harnessed to modify T cell responses in barrier tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neuwirth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Knapp
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Georg Stary,
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12
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Sawada J, Hiraoka N, Qi R, Jiang L, Fournier-Goss AE, Yoshida M, Kawashima H, Komatsu M. Molecular Signature of Tumor-Associated High Endothelial Venules That Can Predict Breast Cancer Survival. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:468-481. [PMID: 35201289 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post-capillary venules that recruit naïve lymphocytes to lymph nodes. HEVs are essential for the development of adaptive immunity. HEVs can also develop in tumors where they are thought to be important for recruiting naïve T cells and B cells into the tumors and locally enhancing antitumor immunity by supporting the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Herein, we used comparative transcriptome analysis of human breast cancer to investigate genes differentially expressed between tumor-associated HEVs and the rest of the tumor vasculature. Tumor vessels highly expressing HEV-upregulated genes, such as the homeobox gene MEOX2 and the tetraspanin gene TSPAN7, were associated with extensive infiltration of T and B cells and the occurrence of tertiary lymphoid structures, which is known to predict therapeutic responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, high transcript counts of these genes in clinical tumor specimens were associated with a significant survival benefit in advanced breast cancer. The molecular signature of HEVs identified herein may be useful for guiding immunotherapies and provides a new direction for investigating tumor-associated HEVs and their clinical significance. See related Spotlight by Gallimore, p. 371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Sawada
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital/Division of Molecular Pathology, Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rongsu Qi
- Department of Health Informatics, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Lu Jiang
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley E Fournier-Goss
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital/Division of Molecular Pathology, Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Huang JY, Lyons-Cohen MR, Gerner MY. Information flow in the spatiotemporal organization of immune responses. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:93-107. [PMID: 34845729 PMCID: PMC8837692 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses must be rapid, tightly orchestrated, and tailored to the encountered stimulus. Lymphatic vessels facilitate this process by continuously collecting immunological information (ie, antigens, immune cells, and soluble mediators) about the current state of peripheral tissues, and transporting these via the lymph across the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (LNs), which are critical meeting points for innate and adaptive immune cells, are strategically located along the lymphatic network to intercept this information. Within LNs, immune cells are spatially organized, allowing them to efficiently respond to information delivered by the lymph, and to either promote immune homeostasis or mount protective immune responses. These responses involve the activation and functional cooperation of multiple distinct cell types and are tailored to the specific inflammatory conditions. The natural patterns of lymph flow can also generate spatial gradients of antigens and agonists within draining LNs, which can in turn further regulate innate cell function and localization, as well as the downstream generation of adaptive immunity. In this review, we explore how information transmitted by the lymph shapes the spatiotemporal organization of innate and adaptive immune responses in LNs, with particular focus on steady state and Type-I vs. Type-II inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Y Gerner
- Corresponding author: Michael Gerner, , Address: 750 Republican Street Seattle, WA 98109, Phone: 206-685-3610
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14
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Reed SG, Ager A. Immune Responses to IAV Infection and the Roles of L-Selectin and ADAM17 in Lymphocyte Homing. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020150. [PMID: 35215094 PMCID: PMC8878872 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a global public health burden causing up to 650,000 deaths per year. Yearly vaccination programmes and anti-viral drugs currently have limited benefits; therefore, research into IAV is fundamental. Leukocyte trafficking is a crucial process which orchestrates the immune response to infection to protect the host. It involves several homing molecules and receptors on both blood vessels and leukocytes. A key mediator of this process is the transmembrane glycoprotein L-selectin, which binds to vascular addressins on blood vessel endothelial cells. L-selectin classically mediates homing of naïve and central memory lymphocytes to lymph nodes via high endothelial venules (HEVs). Recent studies have found that L-selectin is essential for homing of activated CD8+ T cells to influenza-infected lungs and reduction in virus load. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is the primary regulator of cell surface levels of L-selectin. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate these two proteins are central to comprehending recruitment of T cells to sites of IAV infection. This review summarises the immune response to IAV infection in humans and mice and discusses the roles of L-selectin and ADAM17 in T lymphocyte homing during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Ager
- Correspondence: (S.G.R.); (A.A.)
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15
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Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236132. [PMID: 34885241 PMCID: PMC8656932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various immune cells are involved in host immune responses to cancer. T-helper (Th) 1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells are the major effector cells in anti-tumor immunity, whereas cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are negatively involved in anti-tumor immunity. Th2 cells and Th17 cells have been shown to have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. The migratory properties of various immune cells are essential for their function and critically regulated by the chemokine superfamily. In this review, we summarize the roles of various immune cells in tumor immunity and their migratory regulation by the chemokine superfamily. We also assess the therapeutic possibilities of targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the other hand, Th2 cells are involved in humoral immunity and suppressive to Th1 responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and may play a role in tumor progression. However, recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells are capable of directly inducting CTLs and thus may promote anti-tumor immunity. Besides these T cell subsets, there are many other innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in host immune responses to cancer. The migratory properties of various immune cells are critical for their functions and largely regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Thus, chemokines and chemokine receptors play vital roles in the orchestration of host immune responses to cancer. In this review, we overview the various immune cells involved in host responses to cancer and their migratory properties regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Understanding the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in host immune responses to cancer may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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16
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Jones D, Wang Z, Chen IX, Zhang S, Banerji R, Lei PJ, Zhou H, Xiao V, Kwong C, van Wijnbergen JWM, Pereira ER, Vakoc BJ, Huang P, Nia HT, Padera TP. Solid stress impairs lymphocyte infiltration into lymph-node metastases. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1426-1436. [PMID: 34282290 PMCID: PMC8678215 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strong and durable anticancer immune responses are associated with the generation of activated cancer-specific T cells in the draining lymph nodes. However, cancer cells can colonize lymph nodes and drive tumour progression. Here, we show that lymphocytes fail to penetrate metastatic lesions in lymph nodes. In tissue from patients with breast, colon, and head and neck cancers, as well as in mice with spontaneously developing breast-cancer lymph-node metastases, we found that lymphocyte exclusion from nodal lesions is associated with the presence of solid stress caused by lesion growth, that solid stress induces reductions in the number of functional high endothelial venules in the nodes, and that relieving solid stress in the mice increased the presence of lymphocytes in lymph-node lesions by about 15-fold. Solid-stress-mediated impairment of lymphocyte infiltration into lymph-node metastases suggests a therapeutic route for overcoming T-cell exclusion during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jones
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zixiong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivy X Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohin Banerji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pin-Ji Lei
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Xiao
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia Kwong
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Willem M van Wijnbergen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethel R Pereira
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Vakoc
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadi T Nia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Kim J, Archer PA, Thomas SN. Innovations in lymph node targeting nanocarriers. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101534. [PMID: 34836772 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues in the body that facilitate the co-mingling of immune cells to enable and regulate the adaptive immune response. They are also tissues implicated in a variety of diseases, including but not limited to malignancy. The ability to access lymph nodes is thus attractive for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. As nanotechnologies are now well established for their potential in translational biomedical applications, their high relevance to applications that involve lymph nodes is highlighted. Herein, established paradigms of nanocarrier design to enable delivery to lymph nodes are discussed, considering the unique lymph node tissue structure as well as lymphatic system physiology. The influence of delivery mechanism on how nanocarrier systems distribute to different compartments and cells that reside within lymph nodes is also elaborated. Finally, current advanced nanoparticle technologies that have been developed to enable lymph node delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Paul A Archer
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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18
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Tune C, Hahn J, Autenrieth SE, Meinhardt M, Pagel R, Schampel A, Schierloh LK, Kalies K, Westermann J. Sleep restriction prior to antigen exposure does not alter the T cell receptor repertoire but impairs germinal center formation during a T cell-dependent B cell response in murine spleen. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100312. [PMID: 34589803 PMCID: PMC8474616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that sleep promotes immune functions. In line with this, a variety of studies in animal models and humans have shown that sleep restriction following an antigen challenge dampens the immune response on several levels which leads to e.g. worsening of disease outcome and reduction of vaccination efficiency, respectively. However, the inverse scenario with sleep restriction preceding an antigen challenge is only investigated in a few animal models where it has been shown to reduce antigen uptake and presentation as well as pathogen clearance and survival rates. Here, we use injection of sheep red blood cells to investigate the yet unknown effect on a T cell-dependent B cell response in a well-established mouse model. We found that 6 h of sleep restriction prior to the antigen challenge does not impact the T cell reaction including the T cell receptor repertoire but dampens the development of germinal centers which correlates with reduced antigen-specific antibody titer indicating an impaired B cell response. These changes concerned a functionally more relevant level than those found in the same experimental model with the inverse scenario when sleep restriction followed the antigen challenge. Taken together, our findings showed that the outcome of the T cell-dependent B cell response is indeed impacted by sleep restriction prior to the antigen challenge which highlights the clinical significance of this scenario and the need for further investigations in humans, for example concerning the effect of sleep restriction preceding a vaccination.
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Key Words
- Antigen presentation
- BCZ, B cell zone
- CCL, C–C motif ligand
- CCR, C–C motif receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CIITA, class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GC, germinal center
- Germinal center
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IgG, Immunglobulin G
- MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II
- Mouse
- RP, red pulp
- SD, standard deviation
- SLO, secondary lymphoid organ
- SRBC, sheep red blood cells
- Sheep red blood cells
- Sleep deprivation
- Spleen
- T cell-dependent B cell response
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TCR-R, T cell receptor repertoire
- TCZ, T cell zone
- Tfh, follicular T helper cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Tune
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Julia Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rene Pagel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Germany
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19
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Zhou Y, Wang S, Tao Y, Chen H, Qin Y, He X, Zhou S, Liu P, Yang J, Yang S, Gui L, Lou N, Zhang Z, Yao J, Han X, Shi Y. Low CCL19 expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes for follicular lymphoma patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. J Transl Med 2021; 19:399. [PMID: 34544443 PMCID: PMC8454033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to recognize the hub genes associated with prognosis in follicular lymphoma (FL) treated with first-line rituximab combined with chemotherapy. Method RNA sequencing data of dataset GSE65135 (n = 24) were included in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied for exploring the coexpression network and identifying hub genes. Validation of hub genes expression and prognosis were applied in dataset GSE119214 (n = 137) and independent patient cohort from Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (n = 32), respectively, by analyzing RNAseq expression data and serum protein concentration quantified by ELISA. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments analysis were performed. CIBERSORT was applied for tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) subset analysis. Results A total of 3260 DEGs were obtained, with 1861 genes upregulated and 1399 genes downregulated. Using WGCNA, eight hub genes, PLA2G2D, MMP9, PTGDS, CCL19, NFIB, YAP1, RGL1, and TIMP3 were identified. Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that CCL19 independently associated with overall survival (OS) for FL patients treated with rituximab and chemotherapy (HR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.25–0.86], p = 0.014). Higher serum CCL19 concentration was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.014) and OS (p = 0.039). TIICs subset analysis showed that CCL19 expression had a positive correlation with monocytes and macrophages M1, and a negative correlation with naïve B cells and plasma cells. Conclusion CCL19 expression was associated with survival outcomes and might be a potential prognostic biomarker for FL treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03078-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haizhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shengyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianliang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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20
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Thomsen JH, Schwartzberg PL, Okkenhaug K. PI3K in T Cell Adhesion and Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708908. [PMID: 34421914 PMCID: PMC8377255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K signalling is required for activation, differentiation, and trafficking of T cells. PI3Kδ, the dominant PI3K isoform in T cells, has been extensively characterised using PI3Kδ mutant mouse models and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, characterisation of patients with Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS) and mouse models with hyperactive PI3Kδ have shed light on how increased PI3Kδ activity affects T cell functions. An important function of PI3Kδ is that it acts downstream of TCR stimulation to activate the major T cell integrin, LFA-1, which controls transendothelial migration of T cells as well as their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. PI3Kδ also suppresses the cell surface expression of CD62L and CCR7 which controls the migration of T cells across high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes and S1PR1 which controls lymph node egress. Therefore, PI3Kδ can control both entry and exit of T cells from lymph nodes as well as the recruitment to and retention of T cells within inflamed tissues. This review will focus on the regulation of adhesion receptors by PI3Kδ and how this contributes to T cell trafficking and localisation. These findings are relevant for our understanding of how PI3Kδ inhibitors may affect T cell redistribution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Potter EL, Gideon HP, Tkachev V, Fabozzi G, Chassiakos A, Petrovas C, Darrah PA, Lin PL, Foulds KE, Kean LS, Flynn JL, Roederer M. Measurement of leukocyte trafficking kinetics in macaques by serial intravascular staining. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabb4582. [PMID: 33441427 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking enables detection of pathogens, immune responses, and immune memory. Dysregulation of leukocyte trafficking is often found in disease, highlighting its important role in homeostasis and the immune response. Whereas some of the molecular mechanisms mediating leukocyte trafficking are understood, little is known about the regulation of trafficking, including trafficking kinetics and its impact on immune homeostasis. We developed a method of serial intravascular staining (SIVS) to measure trafficking kinetics in nonhuman primates using infusions of fluorescently labeled antibodies to label circulating leukocytes. Because antibody infusions labeled only leukocytes in the blood, cells were "barcoded" according to their location at the time of each infusion, providing positional histories that could be used to infer trafficking kinetics. We used SIVS and multiparameter flow cytometry to quantitate cellular trafficking into lymphoid tissues of healthy animals at homeostasis and to identify perivascular cells that could be unique to nonlymphoid organs. To investigate how these parameters could be influenced during disease, SIVS was used to quantify lymphocyte trafficking in macaques infected with the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to enumerate intravascular leukocytes in lung granulomas. We showed that whereas most cells in lung granulomas were localized there for more than 24 hours, granulomas were dynamic with a slow continual cellular influx, the rate of which predicted clearance of M. tuberculosis from the granulomas. SIVS, in combination with intracellular staining and multiparametric flow cytometry, is a powerful method to quantify the kinetics of leukocyte trafficking in nonhuman primates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hannah P Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Chassiakos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Blanchard L, Girard JP. High endothelial venules (HEVs) in immunity, inflammation and cancer. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:719-753. [PMID: 33956259 PMCID: PMC8487881 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) and other secondary lymphoid organs. By supporting high levels of lymphocyte extravasation from the blood, HEVs play an essential role in lymphocyte recirculation and immune surveillance for foreign invaders (bacterial and viral infections) and alterations in the body’s own cells (neoantigens in cancer). The HEV network expands during inflammation in immune-stimulated LNs and is profoundly remodeled in metastatic and tumor-draining LNs. HEV-like blood vessels expressing high levels of the HEV-specific sulfated MECA-79 antigens are induced in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation in many human inflammatory and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Such vessels are believed to contribute to the amplification and maintenance of chronic inflammation. MECA-79+ tumor-associated HEVs (TA-HEVs) are frequently found in human tumors in CD3+ T cell-rich areas or CD20+ B-cell rich tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). TA-HEVs have been proposed to play important roles in lymphocyte entry into tumors, a process essential for successful antitumor immunity and lymphocyte-mediated cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines or adoptive T cell therapy. In this review, we highlight the phenotype and function of HEVs in homeostatic, inflamed and tumor-draining lymph nodes, and those of HEV-like blood vessels in chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the role and regulation of TA-HEVs in human cancer and mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Blanchard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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23
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In Sickness and in Health: The Immunological Roles of the Lymphatic System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094458. [PMID: 33923289 PMCID: PMC8123157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in immunity far beyond those of simply providing conduits for leukocytes and antigens in lymph fluid. Endothelial cells within this vasculature are distinct and highly specialized to perform roles based upon their location. Afferent lymphatic capillaries have unique intercellular junctions for efficient uptake of fluid and macromolecules, while expressing chemotactic and adhesion molecules that permit selective trafficking of specific immune cell subsets. Moreover, in response to events within peripheral tissue such as inflammation or infection, soluble factors from lymphatic endothelial cells exert “remote control” to modulate leukocyte migration across high endothelial venules from the blood to lymph nodes draining the tissue. These immune hubs are highly organized and perfectly arrayed to survey antigens from peripheral tissue while optimizing encounters between antigen-presenting cells and cognate lymphocytes. Furthermore, subsets of lymphatic endothelial cells exhibit differences in gene expression relating to specific functions and locality within the lymph node, facilitating both innate and acquired immune responses through antigen presentation, lymph node remodeling and regulation of leukocyte entry and exit. This review details the immune cell subsets in afferent and efferent lymph, and explores the mechanisms by which endothelial cells of the lymphatic system regulate such trafficking, for immune surveillance and tolerance during steady-state conditions, and in response to infection, acute and chronic inflammation, and subsequent resolution.
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24
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Zou M, Wiechers C, Huehn J. Lymph node stromal cell subsets-Emerging specialists for tailored tissue-specific immune responses. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151492. [PMID: 33676241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective priming of adaptive immune responses depends on the precise dispatching of lymphocytes and antigens into and within lymph nodes (LNs), which are strategically dispersed throughout the body. Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has advanced our understanding of lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) from viewing them as mere accessory cells to seeing them as critical cellular players for the modulation of adaptive immune responses. In this review, we summarize current advances on the pivotal roles that LNSCs play in orchestrating adaptive immune responses during homeostasis and infection, and highlight the imprinting of location-specific information by micro-environmental cues into LNSCs, thereby tailoring tissue-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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25
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Martínez-Rodríguez M, Monteagudo C. CCL27 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:113-132. [PMID: 34286445 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of small proteins which play an important role in leukocyte migration and invasion. They are also involved in the cellular proliferation and migration of tumor cells.Chemokine CCL27 (cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine, CTACK) is mainly expressed by keratinocytes of the normal epidermis. It is well known that this chemokine plays an important role in several inflammatory diseases of the skin, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis. Moreover, several studies have shown an association between CCL27 expression and a variety of neoplasms including skin cancer.In this chapter, we address the role of chemokine CCL27 in the tumor microenvironment in the most relevant cancers of the skin and other anatomical locations. We also make a brief comment on future perspectives and the potential relation of CCL27 with different immunotherapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Parga-Vidal L, van Gisbergen KPJM. Area under Immunosurveillance: Dedicated Roles of Memory CD8 T-Cell Subsets. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037796. [PMID: 32839203 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory, defined as the ability to respond in an enhanced manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen, can provide substantial protection against infectious disease. The improved protection is mediated in part by different populations of memory CD8 T cells that are retained after primary infection. Memory cells persist in the absence of pathogen-derived antigens and enable secondary CD8 T-cell responses with accelerated kinetics and of larger magnitude after reencounter with the same pathogen. At least three subsets of memory T cells have been defined that are referred to as central memory CD8 T cells (Tcm), effector memory CD8 T cells (Tem), and tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm). Tcm and Tem are circulating memory T cells that mediate bodywide immune surveillance in search of invading pathogens. In contrast, Trm permanently reside in peripheral barrier tissues, where they form a stationary defensive line of sentinels that alert the immune system upon pathogen reencounter. The characterization of these different subsets has been instrumental in our understanding of the strategies that memory T cells employ to counter invading pathogens. It is clear that memory T cells not only have a numerical advantage over naive T cells resulting in improved protection in secondary responses, but also acquire distinct sets of competencies that assist in pathogen clearance. Nevertheless, inherent challenges are associated with the allocation of memory T cells to a limited number of subsets. The classification of memory T cells into Tcm, Tem, and Trm may not take into account the full extent of the heterogeneity that is observed in the memory population. Therefore, in this review, we will revisit the current classification of memory subsets, elaborate on functional and migratory properties attributed to Tcm, Tem, and Trm, and discuss how potential heterogeneity within these populations arises and persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Transcriptome analysis of chicken intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer cells infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18348. [PMID: 33110122 PMCID: PMC7591896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute immunosuppressive viral disease that significantly affects the economics of the poultry industry. The IBD virus (IBDV) was known to infect B lymphocytes and activate macrophage and T lymphocytes, but there are limited studies on the impact of IBDV infection on chicken intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer (IEL-NK) cells. This study employed an mRNA sequencing approach to investigate the early regulation of gene expression patterns in chicken IEL-NK cells after infection with very virulent IBDV strain UPM0081. A total of 12,141 genes were expressed in uninfected chicken IEL-NK cells, and most of the genes with high expression were involved in the metabolic pathway, whereas most of the low expressed genes were involved in the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway. A total of 1,266 genes were differentially expressed (DE) at 3 day-post-infection (dpi), and these DE genes were involved in inflammation, antiviral response and interferon stimulation. The innate immune response was activated as several genes involved in inflammation, antiviral response and recruitment of NK cells to the infected area were up-regulated. This is the first study to examine the whole transcriptome profile of chicken NK cells towards IBDV infection and provides better insight into the early immune response of chicken NK cells.
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28
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Korbecki J, Grochans S, Gutowska I, Barczak K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207619. [PMID: 33076281 PMCID: PMC7590012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines (or β-chemokines) are 28 chemotactic cytokines with an N-terminal CC domain that play an important role in immune system cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, macrophages, monocytes, and NK cells, as well in neoplasia. In this review, we discuss human CC motif chemokine ligands: CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 (CC motif chemokine receptor CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 ligands). We present their functioning in human physiology and in neoplasia, including their role in the proliferation, apoptosis resistance, drug resistance, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. We discuss the significance of chemokine receptors in organ-specific metastasis, as well as the influence of each chemokine on the recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), Kupffer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), osteoclasts, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and regulatory T cells (Treg). Finally, we show how the effect of the chemokines on vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells leads to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515
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29
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Liu M, Silva-Sanchez A, Randall TD, Meza-Perez S. Specialized immune responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:717-729. [PMID: 32881077 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mir0720-271rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid filled space that holds most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue that contains milky spots or clusters of leukocytes that are organized similar to those in conventional lymphoid tissues. A unique assortment of leukocytes patrol the peritoneal cavity and migrate in and out of the milky spots, where they encounter Ags or pathogens from the peritoneal fluid and respond accordingly. The principal role of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity is to preserve tissue homeostasis and secure tissue repair. However, when peritoneal homeostasis is disturbed by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, specialized fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells in the omentum regulate the recruitment of peritoneal leukocytes and steer their activation in unique ways. In this review, the types of cells that reside in the peritoneal cavity, the role of the omentum in their maintenance and activation, and how these processes function in response to pathogens and malignancy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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30
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Zeng J, Eljalby M, Aryal RP, Lehoux S, Stavenhagen K, Kudelka MR, Wang Y, Wang J, Ju T, von Andrian UH, Cummings RD. Cosmc controls B cell homing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3990. [PMID: 32778659 PMCID: PMC7417590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating lymphocyte homing into lymph nodes are only partly understood. Here, we report that B cell-specific deletion of the X-linked gene, Cosmc, and the consequent decrease of protein O-glycosylation, induces developmental blocks of mouse B cells. After transfer into wild-type recipient, Cosmc-null B cells fail to home to lymph nodes as well as non-lymphoid organs. Enzymatic desialylation of wild-type B cells blocks their migration into lymph nodes, indicating a requirement of sialylated O-glycans for proper trafficking. Mechanistically, Cosmc-deficient B cells have normal rolling and firm arrest on high endothelium venules (HEV), thereby attributing their inefficient trafficking to alterations in the subsequent transendothelial migration step. Finally, Cosmc-null B cells have defective chemokine signaling responses. Our results thus demonstrate that Cosmc and its effects on O-glycosylation are important for controlling B cell homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Eljalby
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajindra P Aryal
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Korbecki J, Kojder K, Barczak K, Simińska D, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Hypoxia Alters the Expression of CC Chemokines and CC Chemokine Receptors in a Tumor-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165647. [PMID: 32781743 PMCID: PMC7460668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, i.e., oxygen deficiency condition, is one of the most important factors promoting the growth of tumors. Since its effect on the chemokine system is crucial in understanding the changes in the recruitment of cells to a tumor niche, in this review we have gathered all the available data about the impact of hypoxia on β chemokines. In the introduction, we present the chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia together with the mechanisms of activation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) and NF-κB. Then we describe the effect of hypoxia on the expression of chemokines with the CC motif: CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CCL24, CCL25, CCL26, CCL27, CCL28 together with CC chemokine receptors: CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10. To better understand the effect of hypoxia on neoplastic processes and changes in the expression of the described proteins, we summarize the available data in a table which shows the effect of individual chemokines on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and recruitment of eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to a tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515; Fax: +48-914661516
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32
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Groblewska M, Litman-Zawadzka A, Mroczko B. The Role of Selected Chemokines and Their Receptors in the Development of Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103704. [PMID: 32456359 PMCID: PMC7279280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among heterogeneous primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), gliomas are the most frequent type, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) characterized with the worst prognosis. In their development, certain chemokine/receptor axes play important roles and promote proliferation, survival, metastasis, and neoangiogenesis. However, little is known about the significance of atypical receptors for chemokines (ACKRs) in these tumors. The objective of the study was to present the role of chemokines and their conventional and atypical receptors in CNS tumors. Therefore, we performed a thorough search for literature concerning our investigation via the PubMed database. We describe biological functions of chemokines/chemokine receptors from various groups and their significance in carcinogenesis, cancer-related inflammation, neo-angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of chemokines in glioma development, with particular regard to their function in the transition from low-grade to high-grade tumors and angiogenic switch. We also depict various chemokine/receptor axes, such as CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL12-CXCR4, CXCL16-CXCR6, CX3CL1-CX3CR1, CCL2-CCR2, and CCL5-CCR5 of special importance in gliomas, as well as atypical chemokine receptors ACKR1-4, CCRL2, and PITPMN3. Additionally, the diagnostic significance and usefulness of the measurement of some chemokines and their receptors in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glioma patients is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Ala Litman-Zawadzka
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-8785
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Effects of sleep on the splenic milieu in mice and the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into a T cell dependent B cell response. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100082. [PMID: 34589857 PMCID: PMC8474558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is known to improve immune function ranging from cell distribution in the naïve state to elevated antibody titers after an immune challenge. The underlying mechanisms still remain unclear, partially because most studies have focused on the analysis of blood only. Hence, we investigated the effects of sleep within the spleen in female C57BL/6J mice with normal sleep compared to short-term sleep-deprived animals both in the naïve state and after an antigen challenge. Lack of sleep decreased the expression of genes associated with immune cell recruitment into and antigen presentation within the spleen both in the naïve state and during a T cell dependent B cell response directed against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). However, neither T cell proliferation nor formation of SRBC-specific antibodies was affected. In addition, the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into the immune response within seven days was not influenced by sleep deprivation. Thus, sleep modulated the molecular milieu within the spleen whereas we could not detect corresponding changes in the primary immune response against SRBC. Further studies will show whether sleep influences the secondary immune response against SRBC or the development of the B cell receptor repertoire, and how this can be compared to other antigens. Sleep deprivation (SD) decreases expression of genes involved in T cell function. SD induces those changes in the milieu of both lymph nodes and spleen. SD dampens the expression of several genes in the spleen during an immune response. SD does not alter the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into the immune response.
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Key Words
- Antigen presentation
- BCZ, B cell zone
- CCL, C–C motif ligand
- CCR, C–C motif receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CIITA, class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GC, germinal center
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Lymphocyte migration
- MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II
- SD, sleep deprivation
- SLO, secondary lymphoid organ
- SRBC, sheep red blood cells
- Sheep red blood cells
- Sleep deprivation
- T cell dependent B cell Response
- T cell receptor repertoire
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TCR-R, T cell receptor repertoire
- TCZ, T cell zone
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal malignancies of the digestive tract and remains to be improved poor prognosis. Two histological subtypes, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), are major characteristics of EC. Deep understanding about both subtypes is essential to overcome EC. Here, we focus on chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers and their current applications for the prognosis in EC. We reviewed relevant articles identified using PubMed database for the chemokines and their receptors in EC analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The primary objective is to summarize evidences for them as prognostic biomarkers in EC. A total of twenty-one articles were reviewed after exclusion. Most studies have been done in ESCC, and less in EAC. CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 have been shown in both subtypes as biomarkers. CXCR7, CXCL8 and its receptor CXCR2, and CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 have been examined in ESCC. Although it was a small number of reports, CXCL10, CCL4, and CCL5 have been indicated to have anti-tumor effects in ESCC. Chemokines and their receptors have the potential to be the biomarkers in EC. Comparative studies between ESCC and EAC will reveal the similarity and difference in these two subtypes of EC. These studies may indicate whether these molecules play important roles in both subtypes or are unique to one or another.
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Crijns H, Vanheule V, Proost P. Targeting Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions to Inhibit Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 32296423 PMCID: PMC7138053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration into tissues depends on the activity of chemokines that form concentration gradients to guide leukocytes to a specific site. Interaction of chemokines with their specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on leukocytes induces leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial cells, followed by extravasation of the leukocytes and subsequent directed migration along the chemotactic gradient. Interaction of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is crucial for extravasation in vivo. Chemokines need to interact with GAGs on endothelial cells and in the extracellular matrix in tissues in order to be presented on the endothelium of blood vessels and to create a concentration gradient. Local chemokine retention establishes a chemokine gradient and prevents diffusion and degradation. During the last two decades, research aiming at reducing chemokine activity mainly focused on the identification of inhibitors of the interaction between chemokines and their cognate GPCRs. This approach only resulted in limited success. However, an alternative strategy, targeting chemokine-GAG interactions, may be a promising approach to inhibit chemokine activity and inflammation. On this line, proteins derived from viruses and parasites that bind chemokines or GAGs may have the potential to interfere with chemokine-GAG interactions. Alternatively, chemokine mimetics, including truncated chemokines and mutant chemokines, can compete with chemokines for binding to GAGs. Such truncated or mutated chemokines are characterized by a strong binding affinity for GAGs and abrogated binding to their chemokine receptors. Finally, Spiegelmers that mask the GAG-binding site on chemokines, thereby preventing chemokine-GAG interactions, were developed. In this review, the importance of GAGs for chemokine activity in vivo and strategies that could be employed to target chemokine-GAG interactions will be discussed in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Crijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Moussouras NA, Hjortø GM, Peterson FC, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A, Rosenkilde MM, Volkman BF, Dwinell MB. Structural Features of an Extended C-Terminal Tail Modulate the Function of the Chemokine CCL21. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1338-1350. [PMID: 32182428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines CCL21 and CCL19, through binding of their cognate receptor CCR7, orchestrate lymph node homing of dendritic cells and naïve T cells. CCL21 differs from CCL19 via an unstructured 32 residue C-terminal domain. Previously described roles for the CCL21 C-terminus include GAG-binding, spatial localization to lymphatic vessels, and autoinhibitory modulation of CCR7-mediated chemotaxis. While truncation of the C-terminal tail induced chemical shift changes in the folded chemokine domain, the structural basis for its influence on CCL21 function remains largely unexplored. CCL21 concentration-dependent NMR chemical shifts revealed weak, nonphysiological self-association that mimics the truncation of the C-terminal tail. We generated a series of C-terminal truncation variants to dissect the C-terminus influence on CCL21 structure and receptor activation. Using NMR spectroscopy, we found that CCL21 residues 80-90 mediate contacts with the chemokine domain. In cell-based assays for CCR7 and ACKR4 activation, we also found that residues 92-100 reduced CCL21 potency in calcium flux, cAMP inhibition, and β-arrestin recruitment. Taken together, these structure-function studies support a model wherein intramolecular interactions with specific residues of the flexible C-terminus stabilize a less active monomer conformation of the CCL21. We speculate that the autoinhibitory intramolecular contacts between the C-terminal tail and chemokine body are disrupted by GAG binding and/or interactions with the CCR7 receptor to ensure optimal functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Moussouras
- From the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- From the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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Kelch ID, Bogle G, Sands GB, Phillips ARJ, LeGrice IJ, Dunbar PR. High-resolution 3D imaging and topological mapping of the lymph node conduit system. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000486. [PMID: 31856185 PMCID: PMC6922347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conduit network is a hallmark of lymph node microanatomy, but lack of suitable imaging technology has prevented comprehensive investigation of its topology. We employed an extended-volume imaging system to capture the conduit network of an entire murine lymph node (comprising over 280,000 segments). The extensive 3D images provide a comprehensive overview of the regions supplied by conduits, including perivascular sleeves and distinctive “follicular reservoirs” within B cell follicles, surrounding follicular dendritic cells. A 3D topology map of conduits within the T-cell zone showed homogeneous branching, but conduit density was significantly higher in the superficial T-cell zone compared with the deep zone, where distances between segments are sufficient for T cells to lose contact with fibroblastic reticular cells. This topological mapping of the conduit anatomy can now aid modeling of its roles in lymph node function, as we demonstrate by simulating T-cell motility in the different T-cell zones. Extended-volume confocal imaging allowed 3D visualisation of the fine network of conduits within lymph nodes; the resulting map of conduit topology underscores structural differences between the deep and superficial T cell zone and identifies "follicular reservoirs" within B cell follicles that concentrate lymphoid fluid around follicular dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken D. Kelch
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (IDK); (PRD)
| | - Gib Bogle
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory B. Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R. J. Phillips
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J. LeGrice
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P. Rod Dunbar
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (IDK); (PRD)
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Xiao J, Lai H, Wei S, Ye Z, Gong F, Chen L. lncRNA HOTAIR promotes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis via targeting miR-126 to active CXCR4 and RhoA signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6768-6779. [PMID: 31517442 PMCID: PMC6825996 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HOTAIR, a well-known long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), has been recognized to contribute to the tumor metastasis in several tumors. But its role in gastric cancer remains elusive. Here, we reported an increase in HOTAIR promoted proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cell lines. The HOTAIR and miR-126 level was determined in 15 paired primary gastric cancer tissues and their adjacent noncancerous gastric tissues. Over-expression or downregulation HOTAIR was conducted in AGS or BGC-823 cells to investigate the impact of HOTAIR in proliferation and metastasis. Then dual luciferase reporter assay was utilized to study the interaction between CXCR4 and miR-126. Cells transfected with shHOTAIR or miR-126 mimic were subjected to western blot to investigate the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in HOTAIR mediated proliferation and metastasis. HOTAIR was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and several gastric cancer cell lines. Overexpressed HOTAIR facilitated proliferation and metastasis in vitro while HOTAIR knockdown inhibit proliferation and metastasis. A negative correlation was observed between miR-126 and HOTAIR. And, we also confirmed the decrease in miR-126 in clinic specimen. Furthermore, HOTAIR and miR-126 negatively regulated each other and then increase or decrease CXCR4 expression and downstream pathway, respectively. CXCR4 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-126. Our study demonstrated that high HOTAIR expression promote proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer via miR-126/CXCR4 axis and downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning530001China
| | - Sheng‐Hong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Zai‐Sheng Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Fu‐Sheng Gong
- Department of Molecular immune laboratoryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Lu‐Chuan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
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Mechanosensing by Peyer's patch stroma regulates lymphocyte migration and mucosal antibody responses. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1506-1516. [PMID: 31611698 PMCID: PMC7015178 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and their specialized collagen fibers termed “conduits” form fundamental structural units supporting lymphoid tissues. In Lymph Nodes, conduits are known to transport interstitial fluid and small molecules from afferent lymphatics into the nodal parenchyma. However, the immunological contributions of conduit function have remained elusive. Here, we report that intestinal Peyer’s patches (PPs) contain a specialized conduit system that directs the flow of water absorbed across the intestinal epithelium. Notably, PP FRCs responded to conduit fluid flow via the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Disruption of fluid flow or genetic deficiency of Piezo1 on CCL19-expressing stroma led to profound structural alterations in perivascular FRCs and associated high endothelial venules. This in turn impaired lymphocyte entry into PPs and initiation of mucosal antibody responses. These results identify a critical role for conduit-mediated fluid flow in the maintenance of PP homeostasis and mucosal immunity.
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Cai G, Pan S, Feng N, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Bian J. Zearalenone inhibits T cell chemotaxis by inhibiting cell adhesion and migration related proteins. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:263-271. [PMID: 30903882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a phenolic resorcylic acid lactone mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species that grow on temperate and tropical crops. The number of reports documenting the immunotoxic effects of ZEA is increasing, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ZEA on T cell chemotaxis and evaluate changes in adhesion and migration proteins associated with this process. Specifically, T cells were isolated from BALB/C mouse splenic lymphocytes, activated by concanavalin A (Con A), and then exposed to different concentrations of ZEA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used observe the ultrastructural changes inside the cell and on the cell surface, respectively. The transwell migration assay was used to evaluate the effect of ZEA on T cell chemotaxis in the presence of CCL19 or CCL21. A confocal 3D laser was used to capture the morphology of perforated cells and western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with cell migration and adhesion. Additionally, we used flow cytometry to examine the expression of chemokine receptors on T cells. Finally, the chemokine (RANTES and MIP-1α) levels secreted by T cells were assessed using cytometric bead array. Overall, our data showed that treatment with ZEA caused ultrastructural damage on the surface as well as inside of T cells. Moreover, ZEA inhibited T cell chemotaxis which was mediated by CCL19 or CCL21 and disrupted the balance of T cell subtypes. The expression of T cell adhesion and migration proteins was also inhibited by ZEA. The expression of T cell chemokine receptor as well as secretion of RANTES and MIP-1α by T cells was suppressed after ZEA treatment. In summary, our results indicate that ZEA reduced the chemotactic effect of T cells mediated by chemokines, which was likely linked to the inhibition of T cell motility and accompanied by decreased expression of adhesion and migration proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunye Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; .Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Nicosia M, Miyairi S, Beavers A, Farr GW, McGuirk PR, Pelletier MF, Valujskikh A. Aquaporin 4 inhibition alters chemokine receptor expression and T cell trafficking. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7417. [PMID: 31092872 PMCID: PMC6520372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels that mediate a variety of biological processes. However, their role in the immune system is poorly understood. We recently reported that AQP4 is expressed by naïve and memory T cells and that AQP4 blockade with a small molecule inhibitor prolongs murine heart allograft survival at least partially through diminishing T cell activation, proliferation and trafficking. The goal of this study was to determine how AQP4 function impacts T cells in the absence of antigen stimulation. AQP4 inhibition transiently reduced the number of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in naïve non-transplanted mice in the absence of systemic T cell depletion. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated T cell intrinsic effect of AQP4 inhibition. AQP4 blockade altered T cell gene and protein expression of chemokine receptors S1PR1 and CCR7, and their master regulator KLF-2, and reduced chemotaxis toward S1P and CCL21. Consistent with the in vitro data, in vivo AQP4 inhibition reduced T lymphocyte numbers in the lymph nodes with simultaneous accumulation in the liver. Our findings indicate that blocking AQP4 reversibly alters T lymphocyte trafficking pattern. This information can be explored for the treatment of undesirable immune responses in transplant recipients or in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Satoshi Miyairi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Ashley Beavers
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA.
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Yang J, Zhang S, Zhang L, Xie X, Wang H, Jie Z, Gu M, Yang JY, Cheng X, Sun SC. Lymphatic endothelial cells regulate B-cell homing to lymph nodes via a NIK-dependent mechanism. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:165-177. [PMID: 29503445 PMCID: PMC6355805 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells home to the lymph nodes (LNs) via high endothelial venules (HEVs) under the guidance of chemokines, particularly CXCL13. However, as CXCL13 is not directly made in HEVs, the molecular mechanism mediating B-cell homing to LNs has remained unclear. We show here that nuclear factor (NF)-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), a kinase mediating activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, functions in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to regulate B-cell homing to LNs. LEC-conditional deletion of NIK in mice did not affect the integrity or global function of lymphatic vessels but caused a severe reduction in the frequency of B cells in LNs. The LEC-specific NIK deficiency did not affect the survival of B cells or the frequency of B cells in the spleen. B-cell adoptive transfer studies revealed that the LEC-specific NIK deletion impairs the ability of LNs to recruit B cells. We further show that NIK mediates expression of the chemokines CXCL13 and CCL19 in LECs. Although CCL19 is also expressed in blood endothelial cells (BECs), CXCL13 is not produced in BECs. These results suggest that NIK regulates naive B-cell homing to LNs via mediating production of the B-cell homing chemokine CXCL13 in LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siya Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
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Tasnim H, Fricke GM, Byrum JR, Sotiris JO, Cannon JL, Moses ME. Quantitative Measurement of Naïve T Cell Association With Dendritic Cells, FRCs, and Blood Vessels in Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1571. [PMID: 30093900 PMCID: PMC6070610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a vital role in eliminating pathogenic infections. To activate, naïve T cells search lymph nodes (LNs) for dendritic cells (DCs). Positioning and movement of T cells in LNs is influenced by chemokines including CCL21 as well as multiple cell types and structures in the LNs. Previous studies have suggested that T cell positioning facilitates DC colocalization leading to T:DC interaction. Despite the influence chemical signals, cells, and structures can have on naïve T cell positioning, relatively few studies have used quantitative measures to directly compare T cell interactions with key cell types. Here, we use Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and normalized mutual information (NMI) to quantify the extent to which naïve T cells spatially associate with DCs, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), and blood vessels in LNs. We measure spatial associations in physiologically relevant regions. We find that T cells are more spatially associated with FRCs than with their ultimate targets, DCs. We also investigated the role of a key motility chemokine receptor, CCR7, on T cell colocalization with DCs. We find that CCR7 deficiency does not decrease naïve T cell association with DCs, in fact, CCR7-/- T cells show slightly higher DC association compared with wild type T cells. By revealing these associations, we gain insights into factors that drive T cell localization, potentially affecting the timing of productive T:DC interactions and T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayra Tasnim
- Moses Biological Computation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - G. Matthew Fricke
- Moses Biological Computation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- UNM Center for Advanced Research Computing (CARC), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Janie R. Byrum
- The Cannon Laboratory, Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Justyna O. Sotiris
- Moses Biological Computation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Judy L. Cannon
- The Cannon Laboratory, Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Melanie E. Moses
- Moses Biological Computation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Biology Department, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States
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Maarouf OH, Uehara M, Kasinath V, Solhjou Z, Banouni N, Bahmani B, Jiang L, Yilmam OA, Guleria I, Lovitch SB, Grogan JL, Fiorina P, Sage PT, Bromberg JS, McGrath MM, Abdi R. Repetitive ischemic injuries to the kidneys result in lymph node fibrosis and impaired healing. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120546. [PMID: 29997302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the kidney-draining lymph node (KLN) to the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the kidney and its subsequent recovery has not been explored in depth. In addition, the mechanism by which repetitive IRI contributes to renal fibrosis remains poorly understood. Herein, we have found that IRI of the kidney is associated with expansion of high endothelial venules (HEVs) and activation of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in the KLN, as demonstrated by significant expansion in the extracellular matrix. The lymphotoxin α signaling pathway mediates activation of FRCs, and chronic treatment with lymphotoxin β receptor-immunoglobulin fusion protein (LTβr-Ig) resulted in marked alteration of the KLN as well as augmentation of renal fibrosis. Depletion of FRCs reduced T cell activation in the KLN and ameliorated renal injury in acute IRI. Repetitive renal IRI was associated with senescence of FRCs, fibrosis of the KLN, and renal scarring, which were ameliorated by FRC administration. Therefore, our study emphasizes the critical role of FRCs in both the initiation and repair phases of injury following IRI of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Maarouf
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Renal Division, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhabiz Solhjou
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baharak Bahmani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osman A Yilmam
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Indira Guleria
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott B Lovitch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter T Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martina M McGrath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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45
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Moore JE, Brook BS, Nibbs RJB. Chemokine Transport Dynamics and Emerging Recognition of Their Role in Immune Function. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 5:90-95. [PMID: 30320240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte migration is critically important during all protective and pathological immune and inflammatory responses. Chemokines play fundamental roles in this process, and chemokine concentration gradients stimulate the directional migration of leukocytes. The formation and regulation of these gradients is poorly understood. These are complex processes that depend on the specific properties of each chemokine and interactions between physical, biological and biochemical processes, including production, diffusion, advection, scavenging, post-translational modification, and extracellular matrix (ECM) binding. While some of these mechanisms have been investigated in isolation or limited combinations, more integrative research is required to provide a quantitative knowledge base that explains how chemokine gradients are established and maintained, and how cells respond to, and modify, these gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines Building, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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46
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Hähnlein JS, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Semmelink JF, Choi IY, Berger FH, Maas M, Gerlag DM, Tak PP, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Baarsen LGM. Distinctive expression of T cell guiding molecules in human autoimmune lymph node stromal cells upon TLR3 triggering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1736. [PMID: 29379035 PMCID: PMC5789053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are implicated in autoimmunity. Autoantibodies are produced in lymphoid tissue where lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) regulate lymphocyte function. Infections can alter the interaction between LNSCs and lymphocytes resulting in defective immune responses. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoantibody production precedes clinical disease allowing identification of at risk individuals. We investigated the ability of human LNSCs derived from RA, RA-risk and healthy individuals to sense and respond to pathogens. Human LNSCs cultured directly from freshly collected lymph node biopsies expressed TLR1-9 with exception of TLR7. In all donors TLR3 triggering induced expression of ISGs, IL-6 and adhesion molecules like VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Strikingly, T cell guiding chemokines CCL19 and IL-8 as well as the antiviral gene MxA were less induced upon TLR3 triggering in autoimmune LNSCs. This observed decrease, found already in LNSCs of RA-risk individuals, may lead to incorrect positioning of lymphocytes and aberrant immune responses during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine S Hähnlein
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara H Ramwadhdoebe
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna F Semmelink
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivy Y Choi
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferco H Berger
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul P Tak
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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47
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Rot A, Massberg S, Khandoga AG, von Andrian UH. Chemokines and Hematopoietic Cell Trafficking. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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48
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Lee AYS, Reimer D, Zehrer A, Lu M, Mielenz D, Körner H. Expression of Membrane-Bound CC Chemokine Ligand 20 on Follicular T Helper Cells in T-B-Cell Conjugates. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1871. [PMID: 29375554 PMCID: PMC5763129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and its sole chemokine ligand CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) display an emerging role in the coordination of humoral immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate a role of this chemokine axis in the migration of B cells to key immunological sites during an immune response, and facilitating the generation of high-quality antibodies. Very little, however, is known about CCL20 and its role in these functions. We undertook a preliminary investigation into the expression and function of CCL20 and demonstrate its well-noted upregulation in the spleen during immunization. Furthermore, we show that most follicular T helper (Tfh) cells can be CCR6+ and can produce CCL20. Surprisingly, CCL20 cannot only be found in the cytoplasm but also on the surface of these cells and their precursors. Analysis of T–B-cell conjugates revealed that mature Tfh cells, but not their precursors, are highly enriched in the conjugates. Further functional studies are needed to unravel the precise role of CCL20 in coordinating T and B cell interactions during the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y S Lee
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Western Hospital, Footscray, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dorothea Reimer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Zehrer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ming Lu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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49
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Skin Immune Landscape: Inside and Outside the Organism. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5095293. [PMID: 29180836 PMCID: PMC5664322 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5095293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an essential organ to the human body protecting it from external aggressions and pathogens. Over the years, the skin was proven to have a crucial immunological role, not only being a passive protective barrier but a network of effector cells and molecular mediators that constitute a highly sophisticated compound known as the “skin immune system” (SIS). Studies of skin immune sentinels provided essential insights of a complex and dynamic immunity, which was achieved through interaction between the external and internal cutaneous compartments. In fact, the skin surface is cohabited by microorganisms recognized as skin microbiota that live in complete harmony with the immune sentinels and contribute to the epithelial barrier reinforcement. However, under stress, the symbiotic relationship changes into a dysbiotic one resulting in skin disorders. Hence, the skin microbiota may have either positive or negative influence on the immune system. This review aims at providing basic background information on the cutaneous immune system from major cellular and molecular players and the impact of its microbiota on the well-coordinated immune responses in host defense.
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50
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Liu Y, Luo S, Kou L, Tang C, Huang R, Pei Z, Li Z. Ischemic stroke damages the intestinal mucosa and induces alteration of the intestinal lymphocytes and CCL19 mRNA in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:165-170. [PMID: 28859865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The immunoreaction has a pivotal effect on ischemic stroke. It has been demonstrated that intestinal lymphocytes infiltrate into the brain and aggravate tissue injury after stroke. However, less attention has been paid to the influence on the intestinal immunology as well as morphology. Here, we utilized a rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to investigate the influences on intestinal mucosa, lymphocytes of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and the intestinal expression of CCL25 mRNA and CCL19 mRNA of stroke. Rats were randomly divided into stroke, sham, and control groups. Stroke and sham groups were further divided into interval groups of 6h, 12h, and 24h after surgery. Intestinal pathophysiological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The lymphocyte numbers were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of CCL25 mRNA and CCL19 mRNA was tested with the PCR technique. We found significant necrosis and shedding of the epithelium after stroke. Moreover, the lesion aggravated with time. In addition, there was a significant increase of T lymphocytes in Peyer's patches (PPs), especially at 12h and 24h after stroke, while no differences in the number of B lymphocytes and the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were found. The data displayed no alteration of CCL25 mRNA expression. In contrast, an upregulation of CCL19 mRNA expression was detected at 6h after stroke. This study showed that ischemic stroke significantly damaged the intestinal epithelium and activated intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; Currently in Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Shijian Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Li Kou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Chaogang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Ruxun Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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