1
|
Duan F, Li L, Liu S, Tao J, Gu Y, Li H, Yi X, Gong J, You D, Feng Z, Yu T, Tan H. Cortistatin protects against septic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through the SSTR2-AMPK-NLRP3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112186. [PMID: 38733824 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pathophysiological mechanism of septic cardiomyopathy has been continuously discovered, it is still a lack of effective treatment method. Cortistatin (CST), a neuroendocrine polypeptide of the somatostatin family, has emerged as a novel cardiovascular-protective peptide, but the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of our study is to explore the role of CST in cardiomyocytes pyroptosis and myocardial injury in sepsis and whether CST inhibits cardiomyocytes pyroptosis through specific binding with somastatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and activating AMPK/Drp1 signaling pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, plasma CST levels were significantly high and were negatively correlated with N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a biomarker for cardiac dysfunction, in patients with sepsis. Exogenous administration of CST significantly improved survival rate and cardiac function in mouse models of sepsis by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes (decreased cleavage of caspase-1, IL-1β and gasdermin D). Pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation revealed that CST exerted anti-pyroptosis effects by specifically binding to somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2), thus activating AMPK and inactivating Drp1 to inhibit mitochondrial fission in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report that CST attenuates septic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through the SSTR2-AMPK-Drp1-NLRP3 pathway. Importantly, CST specifically binds to SSTR2, which promotes AMPK phosphorylation, inhibits Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, and reduces ROS levels, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis and alleviating sepsis-induced myocardial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510012, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510012, Guangdong, China
| | - Huangjing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Yi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510012, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Daiting You
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejiang Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510012, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Therapeutic Effect of a Latent Form of Cortistatin in Experimental Inflammatory and Fibrotic Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122785. [PMID: 36559278 PMCID: PMC9784182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortistatin is a cyclic neuropeptide that recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic factor for treating inflammatory, autoimmune, fibrotic, and pain disorders. Despite of its efficiency and apparent safety in experimental preclinical models, its short half-life in body fluids and its potential pleiotropic effects, due to its promiscuity for several receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, represent two major drawbacks for the clinical translation of cortistatin-based therapies. Therefore, the design of new strategies focused on increasing the stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of cortistatin are lately demanded by the industry. Here, we generated by molecular engineering a new cortistatin-based prodrug formulation that includes, beside the bioactive cortistatin, a molecular-shield provided by the latency-associated protein of the transforming growth factor-β1 and a cleavage site specifically recognized by metalloproteinases, which are abundant in inflammatory/fibrotic foci. Using different models of sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, scleroderma, and pulmonary fibrosis, we demonstrated that this latent form of cortistatin was a highly effective protection against these severe disorders. Noteworthy, from a therapeutic point of view, is that latent cortistatin seems to require significantly lower doses and fewer administrations than naive cortistatin to reach the same efficacy. Finally, the metalloproteinase-cleavage site was essential for the latent molecule to exert its therapeutic action. In summary, latent cortistatin emerges as a promising innovative therapeutic tool for treating chronic diseases of different etiologies with difficult clinical solutions and as a starting point for a rational development of prodrugs based on the use of bioactive peptides.
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhou T, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Chen R, Xing J, He L, Salinas JM, Koyama S, Meng F, Wan Y. Current Perspectives of Neuroendocrine Regulation in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233783. [PMID: 36497043 PMCID: PMC9736734 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a complicated process that involves different cell types and pathological factors. The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the formation of fibrotic scar disrupt the tissue homeostasis of the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis and even liver failure. Myofibroblasts derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to the development of liver fibrosis by producing ECM in the area of injuries. It has been reported that the secretion of the neuroendocrine hormone in chronic liver injury is different from a healthy liver. Activated HSCs and cholangiocytes express specific receptors in response to these neuropeptides released from the neuroendocrine system and other neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine hormones and their receptors form a complicated network that regulates hepatic inflammation, which controls the progression of liver fibrosis. This review summarizes neuroendocrine regulation in liver fibrosis from three aspects. The first part describes the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. The second part presents the neuroendocrine sources and neuroendocrine compartments in the liver. The third section discusses the effects of various neuroendocrine factors, such as substance P (SP), melatonin, as well as α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP), on liver fibrosis and the potential therapeutic interventions for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Juan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jennifer Mata Salinas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cortistatin-14 Exerts Neuroprotective Effect Against Microglial Activation, Blood-brain Barrier Disruption, and Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3334145. [PMID: 36148090 PMCID: PMC9489378 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3334145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a life-threatening deterioration of mental status in relation to long-term and disabling cognitive dysfunction that is common in intensive care units worldwide. Cortistatin-14 is a neuropeptide structurally resembling somastostatin, which has been proven to play a crucial role in sepsis. The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of cortistatin-14 in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. A septic mice model was established using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. The novel object recognition test (NORT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and tail suspension test (TST) were used to explore the behavioral performance of the mice. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Evans Blue staining was used to examine the integrity of the BBB. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the morphology and infiltration of microglia. A multiplex cytokine bead array assay was used to determine cytokine and chemokine levels in mouse serum and brain tissues. NORT revealed that cortistatin treatment improved cognitive impairment in septic mice. OFT, EPMT, and TST indicated that cortistatin-14 relieved the anxiety-related behaviors of CLP mice. In addition, cortistatin-14 treatment decreased the levels of various inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in both the serum and brain of septic mice. Cortistatin reduced sepsis-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and inhibited microglial activation after the onset of sepsis. Cortistatin exerts neuroprotective effects against SAE and cognitive dysfunction in a CLP-induced mouse model of sepsis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolkhir P, Pyatilova P, Ashry T, Jiao Q, Abad-Perez AT, Altrichter S, Vera Ayala CE, Church MK, He J, Lohse K, Metz M, Scheffel J, Türk M, Frischbutter S, Maurer M. Mast cells, cortistatin, and its receptor, MRGPRX2, are linked to the pathogenesis of chronic prurigo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1998-2009.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Barriga M, Benitez R, Robledo G, Caro M, O'Valle F, Campos-Salinas J, Delgado M. Neuropeptide Cortistatin Regulates Dermal and Pulmonary Fibrosis in an Experimental Model of Systemic Sclerosis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:784-795. [PMID: 34649259 DOI: 10.1159/000520194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis, is a complex connective tissue disorder characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Because its aetiology is unknown, the identification of genes/factors involved in disease severity, differential clinical forms, and associated complications is critical for understanding its pathogenesis and designing novel treatments. Neuroendocrine mediators in the skin emerge as potential candidates. We investigated the role played by the neuropeptide cortistatin in a preclinical model of scleroderma. METHODS Dermal fibrosis was induced by repetitive intradermal injections of bleomycin in wild-type and cortistatin-deficient mice. The histopathological signs and expression of fibrotic markers were evaluated in the skin and lungs. RESULTS An inverse correlation between cortistatin levels and fibrogenic activation exists in the damaged skin and dermal fibroblasts. Bleomycin-challenged skin lesions of mice that are partially and totally deficient in cortistatin showed exacerbated histopathological signs of scleroderma, characterized by thicker and more fibrotic dermal layer, enlarged epidermis, and increased inflammatory infiltration in comparison to those of wild-type mice. Cortistatin deficiency enhanced dermal collagen deposits, connective tissue growth factor expression, loss of microvessels, and predisposition to suffer severe complications that co-occur with dermal exposition to bleomycin, including pulmonary fibrotic disease and increased mortality. Treatment with cortistatin mitigated these pathological processes. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION We identify cortistatin as an endogenous break of skin inflammation and fibrosis. Deficiency in cortistatin could be a marker of poor prognosis of scleroderma and associated complications. Cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive candidates to treat severe forms of systemic sclerosis and to manage fibrosis-related side effects of bleomycin chemotherapy in oncologic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Barriga
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Robledo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, IBIMER, CIBM, University of Granada and Biosanitary Research Institute IBS-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benitez R, Caro M, Andres-Leon E, O'Valle F, Delgado M. CORTISTATIN REGULATES FIBROSIS AND MYOFIBROBLAST ACTIVATION IN EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOTOXIC- AND CHOLESTATIC-INDUCED LIVER INJURY. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2275-2296. [PMID: 34821378 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis induced by chronic hepatic injury remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of susceptibility/prognosis factors and new therapeutic tools for treating hepatic fibrotic disorders are urgent medical needs. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in lung that binds to receptors that are expressed in liver fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells. We evaluated the capacity of cortistatin to regulate liver fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We experimentally induced liver fibrosis in mice by chronic CCl4 exposition and bile duct ligation and evaluated the histopathological signs and fibrotic markers. KEY RESULTS Hepatic expression of cortistatin inversely correlated with liver fibrosis grade in mice and humans with hepatic disorders. Cortistatin-deficient mice showed exacerbated signs of liver damage and fibrosis and increased mortality rates when challenged to hepatotoxic and cholestatic injury. Compared to wild-type mice, non-parenchymal liver cells isolated from cortistatin-deficient mice showed increased presence of cells with activated myofibroblast phenotypes and a differential genetic signature that is indicative of activated hepatic stellate cells and periportal fibroblasts and of myofibroblasts with active contractile apparatus. Cortistatin treatment reversed in vivo and in vitro these exaggerated fibrogenic phenotypes and protected from progression to severe liver fibrosis in response to hepatic injury. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identify cortistatin as an endogenous molecular break of liver fibrosis and its deficiency as a potential poor-prognosis marker for chronic hepatic disorders that course with fibrosis. Cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive strategies for ameliorating severe hepatic fibrosis of various etiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Benitez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, PT Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, PT Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andres-Leon
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, PT Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Dept. of Pathology, School of Medicine, IBIMER and IBS-Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, PT Salud, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Structure, function and pharmacology of human itch receptor complexes. Nature 2021; 600:164-169. [PMID: 34789875 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the clades of animals that diverged from the bony fish, a group of Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRs) evolved that have an active role in itch and allergic signals1,2. As an MRGPR, MRGPRX2 is known to sense basic secretagogues (agents that promote secretion) and is involved in itch signals and eliciting pseudoallergic reactions3-6. MRGPRX2 has been targeted by drug development efforts to prevent the side effects induced by certain drugs or to treat allergic diseases. Here we report a set of cryo-electron microscopy structures of the MRGPRX2-Gi1 trimer in complex with polycationic compound 48/80 or with inflammatory peptides. The structures of the MRGPRX2-Gi1 complex exhibited shallow, solvent-exposed ligand-binding pockets. We identified key common structural features of MRGPRX2 and describe a consensus motif for peptidic allergens. Beneath the ligand-binding pocket, the unusual kink formation at transmembrane domain 6 (TM6) and the replacement of the general toggle switch from Trp6.48 to Gly6.48 (superscript annotations as per Ballesteros-Weinstein nomenclature) suggest a distinct activation process. We characterized the interfaces of MRGPRX2 and the Gi trimer, and mapped the residues associated with key single-nucleotide polymorphisms on both the ligand and G-protein interfaces of MRGPRX2. Collectively, our results provide a structural basis for the sensing of cationic allergens by MRGPRX2, potentially facilitating the rational design of therapies to prevent unwanted pseudoallergic reactions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Barriga M, Benitez R, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Garcia-Frutos M, Caro M, Robledo G, O'Valle F, Campos-Salinas J, Delgado M. Protective role of cortistatin in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4368-4388. [PMID: 34237151 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis remain major causes of morbidity, mortality and a healthcare burden in critically ill patient. There is an urgent need to identify factors causing susceptibility and for the design of new therapeutic agents. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of the immunomodulatory neuropeptide cortistatin to regulate pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH ALI/ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis were induced experimentally in wild-type and cortistatin-deficient mice by pulmonary infusion of the bacterial endotoxin LPS or the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin, and the histopathological signs, pulmonary leukocyte infiltration and cytokines, and fibrotic markers were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Partially deficient mice in cortistatin showed exacerbated pulmonary damage, pulmonary inflammation, alveolar oedema and fibrosis, and subsequent increased respiratory failure and mortality when challenged to LPS or bleomycin, even at low doses. Treatment with cortistatin reversed these aggravated phenotypes and protected from progression to severe ARDS and fibrosis, after high exposure to both injury agents. Moreover, cortistatin-deficient pulmonary macrophages and fibroblasts showed exaggerated ex vivo inflammatory and fibrotic responses, and treatment with cortistatin impaired their activation. Finally, the protective effects of cortistatin in ALI and pulmonary fibrosis were partially inhibited by specific antagonists for somatostatin and ghrelin receptors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identified cortistatin as an endogenous inhibitor of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Deficiency in cortistatin could be a marker of poor prognosis in inflammatory/fibrotic pulmonary disorders. Cortistatin-based therapies could emerge as attractive candidates to treat severe ALI/ARDS, including SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Barriga
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Viviane Ferraz-de-Paula
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Garcia-Frutos
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Robledo
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, IBIMER, CIBM, University of Granada and Biosanitary Research Institute IBS-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Falo CP, Benitez R, Caro M, Morell M, Forte-Lago I, Hernandez-Cortes P, Sanchez-Gonzalez C, O’Valle F, Delgado M, Gonzalez-Rey E. The Neuropeptide Cortistatin Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070947. [PMID: 34202793 PMCID: PMC8309056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the most severe forms of chronic pain caused by the direct injury of the somatosensory system. The current drugs for treating neuropathies have limited efficacies or show important side effects, and the development of analgesics with novel modes of action is critical. The identification of endogenous anti-nociceptive factors has emerged as an attractive strategy for designing new pharmacological approaches to treat neuropathic pain. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory activity, recently identified as a natural analgesic peptide in several models of pain evoked by inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigated the potential analgesic effect of cortistatin in neuropathic pain using a variety of experimental models of peripheral nerve injury caused by chronic constriction or partial transection of the sciatic nerve or by diabetic neuropathy. We found that the peripheral and central injection of cortistatin ameliorated hyperalgesia and allodynia, two of the dominant clinical manifestations of chronic neuropathic pain. Cortistatin-induced analgesia was multitargeted, as it regulated the nerve damage-induced hypersensitization of primary nociceptors, inhibited neuroinflammatory responses, and enhanced the production of neurotrophic factors both at the peripheral and central levels. We also demonstrated the neuroregenerative/protective capacity of cortistatin in a model of severe peripheral nerve transection. Interestingly, the nociceptive system responded to nerve injury by secreting cortistatin, and a deficiency in cortistatin exacerbated the neuropathic pain responses and peripheral nerve dysfunction. Therefore, cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive alternatives for treating chronic neuropathic pain of different etiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara P. Falo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Marta Caro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Genyo Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Pedro Hernandez-Cortes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Clara Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, IBIMER and IBS-Granada, Granada University, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (E.G.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balbaba M, Dal A, Çolakoğlu N, Bulmuş Ö, Ulaş F, Yıldırım H, Aydemir O, Eröksüz Y. Anti-inflammatory effect of cortistatin in rat endotoxin-induced uveitis model. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 68:1920-1924. [PMID: 32823415 PMCID: PMC7690532 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_290_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of cortistatin (CST) in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) model and to compare the results with corticosteroid treatment. Methods A total of 35 healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. EIU was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Group I received intraperitoneal (ip) normal saline (NS), Group II received ip 150 μg LPS plus NS, Group III received ip 150 μg LPS plus 250 μg/kg CST, Group IV received ip 150 μg LPS plus 1mg/kg dexamethasone, and Group V received ip 250 μg/kg CST only. The aqueous humor was collected 24 h after injection and the infiltrating cells were determined. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were also performed. Results The clinical score and infiltrated cell count were reduced in Groups III and IV compared with Group II (P < 0.001). The pathological findings of Groups III and IV were significantly reduced compared with Group II (P < 0.001). These findings were similar between Groups III and IV (P = 1.000). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) immunoreactivity in the ciliary body of Group III and Group IV were significantly reduced compared with Group II (P < 0.001). TNF-α and IL-1β immunoreactivity in the ciliary body of Group III and Group IV were similar compared with Group I and Group V (range of P values was 0.539-0.958). Conclusion CST administration as a therapeutic agent might ameliorate the severity of intraocular inflammation in uveitis patients. In conclusion, effect of CST and dexamethasone in EIU model was comparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Balbaba
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ali Dal
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Neriman Çolakoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine; Histology-Embryology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Özgür Bulmuş
- Physiology; Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yıldırım
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Orhan Aydemir
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Yesari Eröksüz
- Faculty of Medicine; Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Structure-based design of a Cortistatin analogue with immunomodulatory activity in models of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1869. [PMID: 33767180 PMCID: PMC7994712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are forms of inflammatory bowel disease whose incidence and prevalence are increasing worldwide. These diseases lead to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of an abnormal response of the immune system. Recent studies positioned Cortistatin, which shows low stability in plasma, as a candidate for IBD treatment. Here, using NMR structural information, we design five Cortistatin analogues adopting selected native Cortistatin conformations in solution. One of them, A5, preserves the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of Cortistatin in vitro and in mouse models of the disease. Additionally, A5 displays an increased half-life in serum and a unique receptor binding profile, thereby overcoming the limitations of the native Cortistatin as a therapeutic agent. This study provides an efficient approach to the rational design of Cortistatin analogues and opens up new possibilities for the treatment of patients that fail to respond to other therapies. Inflammatory bowel disease is caused by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and disturbed immune responses. Here the authors present examination of Cortistatin analogues that display enhanced half-life stability whilst maintaining immunomodulatory functionality.
Collapse
|
13
|
Qiu C, Li J, Luo D, Chen X, Qu R, Liu T, Li F, Liu Y. Cortistatin protects against inflammatory airway diseases through curbing CCL2 and antagonizing NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:595-601. [PMID: 32811643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of people around the world, yet much remains unknown about its underlying mechanisms. Cortistatin (CST) is a neuropeptide which is reported to be a potential endogenous anti-inflammatory factor in several conditions. To testify the potential involvement of CST in airway inflammatory reaction, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model was established in wild-type (WT) as well as CST-knockout (Cort-/-) mice. Thereafter, lung tissue or cell samples were gathered in each group, and histological analysis as well as cell counting assay indicated that Cort-/- mice exhibited exaggeration of asthma compared with WT control group. Moreover, mRNA sequencing assay revealed that CCL2 was a potential target of CST in asthma, and administration of CCL2 inhibitor alleviated airway inflammation of asthma in Cort-/- mice. Moreover, NF-κB signaling pathway might be closely associated with the protective function of CST in asthma, as enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was observed in OVA-induced asthma model of Cort-/- mice, and SN50, an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway, antagonized asthma development in Cort-/- mice. In summary, CST might represent as a promising target for the treatment of asthma through interacting with CCL2 and NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, PR China.
| | - Yansong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balbaba M, Ulaş F, Postacı SA, Öz B, Aydın S. Serum Cortistatin Levels in Patients with Ocular Active and Ocular Inactive Behçet Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28:601-605. [PMID: 31314641 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1610461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate serum cortistatin (CST) levels in patients with ocular active and ocular inactive Behçet disease (BD) and its relationship with disease activity. METHODS 24 BD patients with ocular active, 24 BD patients with ocular inactive patients and 24 healthy control subjects were included in the study. RESULTS In ocular active and ocular inactive BD patients and healthy control subjects, the mean serum CST levels were 4.38 ± 1.63ng/ml, 5.46 ± 1.81ng/ml and 7.56 ± 1.73ng/ml, respectively. ESR, serum CRP, CST levels and NLR were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.001 for all). The CST levels were similar between ocular active and inactive BD patient groups (p = 0.197). ESR, CRP and NLR were significantly higher in ocular active BD patients compared to ocular inactive BD patients and healthy control subjects (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Serum CST level was significantly lower in BD patients. CST may be a neuropeptide that plays a role in the pathogenesis of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Balbaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Fırat University , Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Arzu Postacı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Fırat University , Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Burak Öz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Fırat University , Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Aydın
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Fırat University , Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zwiri A, Al-Hatamleh MAI, W. Ahmad WMA, Ahmed Asif J, Khoo SP, Husein A, Ab-Ghani Z, Kassim NK. Biomarkers for Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Status and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E303. [PMID: 32429070 PMCID: PMC7277983 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted in the previous years with an objective to determine the ideal biomarker or set of biomarkers in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). It was recorded that tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-6, and IL-1 were the most common biomarkers of TMDs. As of recently, although the research on TMDs biomarkers still aims to find more diagnostic agents, no recent study employs the biomarker as a targeting point of pharmacotherapy to suppress the inflammatory responses. This article represents an explicit review on the biomarkers of TMDs that have been discovered so far and provides possible future directions towards further research on these biomarkers. The potential implementation of the interactions of TNF with its receptor 2 (TNFR2) in the inflammatory process has been interpreted, and thus, this review presents a new hypothesis towards suppression of the inflammatory response using TNFR2-agonist. Subsequently, this hypothesis could be explored as a potential pain elimination approach in patients with TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalwhab Zwiri
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Muhamad Amir W. Ahmad
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Jawaad Ahmed Asif
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Adam Husein
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zuryati Ab-Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Karyatee Kassim
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (W.M.A.W.A.); (J.A.A.); (A.H.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Balbaba M, Ulaş F, Erdağ M, Yıldırım H, Çeliker Ü, Aydın S. Evaluation of aqueous humor and serum cortistatin levels in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 31:638-642. [PMID: 31822132 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119894847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the aqueous humor and serum cortistatin levels in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy and its relationship with various metabolic markers that have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus. METHODS The current study included 20 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic retinopathy, 20 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy, and 20 healthy control subjects with the same sex and age characteristics. Aqueous humor and serum cortistatin, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobinA1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, blood lipid profiles, and body mass index were measured in all subjects. RESULTS In diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy and in healthy control subjects, the mean aqueous humor cortistatin levels were 25.55 ± 2.03, 27.71 ± 2.01, and 32.76 ± 3.43 ng/mL, respectively. Likewise, the mean serum cortistatin levels were 6.16 ± 1.08, 6.57 ± 1.00, and 7.56 ± 1.51 ng/mL, respectively. Aqueous humor cortistatin levels were decreased in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Although aqueous humor cortistatin levels tended to be reduced in diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy, the difference was not statistically significant between diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.147). Serum cortistatin levels were not statistically significant between diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy and healthy control subjects (p = 0.166). Body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobinA1c levels were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05 for all parameters tested). CONCLUSION Aqueous humor cortistatin levels were decreased in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. The results suggest that a local decrease in the amount of cortistatin may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Balbaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Murat Erdağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yıldırım
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Çeliker
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Aydın
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang AL, Gruzieva O, Qiu W, Kebede Merid S, Celedón JC, Raby BA, Söderhäll C, DeMeo DL, Weiss ST, Melén E, Tantisira KG. DNA methylation is associated with inhaled corticosteroid response in persistent childhood asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1225-1234. [PMID: 31187518 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response to inhaled corticosteroids is highly variable, and the association between DNA methylation and treatment response is not known. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between peripheral blood DNA methylation and inhaled corticosteroid response in children with persistent asthma. METHODS Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was analysed in individuals on inhaled corticosteroids in three independent and ethnically diverse cohorts-Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP); Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology (BAMSE); and Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS). Treatment response was evaluated using two definitions, the absence of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations and the absence oral corticosteroid use while on inhaled corticosteroid therapy. CpG sites meeting nominal significance (P < 0.05) for each outcome were combined in a three-cohort meta-analysis with adjustment for multiple testing. DNA methylation was correlated with gene expression using Pearson and partial correlations. RESULTS In 154 subjects from CAMP, 72 from BAMSE, and 168 from GACRS, relative hypomethylation of cg00066816 (171 bases upstream of IL12B) was associated with the absence of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations (Q = 0.03) in all cohorts and lower IL12B expression (ρ = 0.34, P = 0.01) in BAMSE. Relative hypermethylation of cg04256470 (688 bases upstream of CORT) was associated with the absence of oral corticosteroid use (Q = 0.04) in all cohorts and higher CORT expression (ρ = 0.20, P = 0.045) in CAMP. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differential DNA methylation of IL12B and CORT are associated with inhaled corticosteroid treatment response in persistent childhood asthmatics. Pharmaco-methylation can identify novel markers of treatment sensitivity in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberta L Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang J, Bai Y, Chen W, Fu Y, Liu Y, Yin X. Cortistatin, a novel cardiovascular protective peptide. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2019; 9:394-399. [PMID: 31555545 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.12.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cortistatin (CST) is a small molecule bioactive peptide containing an FWKT tetramer. It is widely distributed in nervous, immune and endocrine systems. Many studies have shown that CST can exert many biological effects, for example: regulating sleep, learning and memory processes, inducing immune tolerance, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and regulating endocrine metabolism. Notably, it is found that CST and its receptors are also widely distributed in the cardiovascular system, such as the aorta, coronary arteries and heart. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that CST played an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as reducing myocardial damage, inhibiting autoimmune myocarditis, alleviating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, reducing vascular calcification (VC), and inhibiting atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation. Therefore, we reviewed the cardiovascular effects of CST in the heart and blood vessels, which will help to understand the role of CST and its receptors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and highlight novel strategies and targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao Y, Li Y, Qu R, Chen X, Wang W, Qiu C, Liu B, Pan X, Liu L, Vasilev K, Hayball J, Dong S, Li W. Cortistatin binds to TNF-α receptors and protects against osteoarthritis. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:556-570. [PMID: 30826358 PMCID: PMC6443028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is known to play a critical role in OA. Cortistatin (CST) is a neuropeptide discovered over 20 years ago, which plays a vital role in inflammatory reactions. However, it is unknown whether CST is involved in cartilage degeneration and OA development. Methods The interaction between CST and TNF-α receptors was investigated through Coimmunoprecipitation and Biotin-based solid-phase binding assay. Western blot, Real-time PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, nitrite production assay and DMMB assay of GAG were performed for the primary chondrocyte experiments. Surgically induced and spontaneous OA models were established and western blot, flow cytometry, Real-time PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in vivo imaging were performed for in vivo experiments. Findings CST competitively bound to TNFR1 as well as TNFR2. CST suppressed proinflammatory function of TNF-α. Both spontaneous and surgically induced OA models indicated that deficiency of CST led to an accelerated OA-like phenotype, while exogenous CST attenuated OA development in vivo. Additionally, TNFR1- and TNFR2-knockout mice were used for analysis and indicated that TNFRs might be involved in the protective role of CST in OA. CST inhibited activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in OA. Interpretation This study provides new insight into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy of cartilage degenerative diseases, including OA. Fund The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, Key Research and Development Projects of Shandong Province and the Cross-disciplinary Fund of Shandong University.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012. PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012. PR China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012. PR China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012. PR China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - John Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shuli Dong
- College of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Günther T, Tulipano G, Dournaud P, Bousquet C, Csaba Z, Kreienkamp HJ, Lupp A, Korbonits M, Castaño JP, Wester HJ, Culler M, Melmed S, Schulz S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CV. Somatostatin Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and New Nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:763-835. [PMID: 30232095 PMCID: PMC6148080 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its physiologic functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called somatostatin receptor (SST)1-5. These five receptors share common structural features and signaling mechanisms but differ in their cellular and subcellular localization and mode of regulation. SST2 and SST5 receptors have evolved as primary targets for pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, SST2 is a prototypical GPCR for the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 25 years on the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications related to SSTs. We also discuss potential future developments and propose a new nomenclature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Michael Culler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chai H, Tao Z, Chen W, Xu Y, Huang F, Su C, Chen X. Cortistatin attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through inactivation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1801-1806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Delgado-Maroto V, Benitez R, Forte-Lago I, Morell M, Maganto-Garcia E, Souza-Moreira L, O’Valle F, Duran-Prado M, Lichtman AH, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. Cortistatin reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE-deficient mice and the formation of foam cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46444. [PMID: 28406244 PMCID: PMC5390288 DOI: 10.1038/srep46444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease that is responsible of high mortality worldwide. Evidence indicates that maladaptive autoimmune responses in the arterial wall play critical roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide expressed in the vascular system and atherosclerotic plaques that regulates vascular calcification and neointimal formation, and inhibits inflammation in different experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Its role in inflammatory cardiovascular disorders is largely unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of cortistatin in two well-established preclinical models of atherosclerosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Systemic treatment with cortistatin reduced the number and size of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery, heart, aortic arch and aorta in acute and chronic atherosclerosis induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-lipid diet. This effect was exerted at multiple levels. Cortistatin reduced Th1/Th17-driven inflammatory responses and increased regulatory T cells in atherosclerotic arteries and lymphoid organs. Moreover, cortistatin reduced the capacity of endothelial cells to bind and recruit immune cells to the plaque and impaired the formation of foam cells by enhancing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Cortistatin emerges as a new candidate for the treatment of the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Maganto-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Duran-Prado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
- Medical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrew H. Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delgado-Maroto V, Falo CP, Forte-Lago I, Adan N, Morell M, Maganto-Garcia E, Robledo G, O'Valle F, Lichtman AH, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. The neuropeptide cortistatin attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis via inhibition of cardiomyogenic T cell-driven inflammatory responses. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:267-280. [PMID: 27922195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myocarditis is an inflammatory and autoimmune cardiovascular disease that causes dilated myocardiopathy and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide produced by neurons and cells of the immune and vascular systems. Besides its action in locomotor activity and sleep, cortistatin inhibits inflammation in different experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, its role in inflammatory cardiovascular disorders is unexplored. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of cortistatin in a well-established preclinical model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced EAM by immunization with a fragment of cardiac myosin in susceptible Balb/c mice. Cortistatin was administered i.p. starting 7, 11 or 15 days after EAM induction. At day 21, we evaluated heart hypertrophy, myocardial injury, cardiac inflammatory infiltration and levels of serum and cardiac inflammatory cytokines, cortistatin and autoantibodies. We determined proliferation and cytokine production by heart draining lymph node cells in response to cardiac myosin restimulation. KEY RESULTS Systemic injection of cortistatin during the effector phase of the disease significantly reduced its prevalence and signs of heart hypertrophy and injury (decreased the levels of brain natriuretic peptide) and impaired myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in self-antigen-specific T-cell responses in lymph nodes and in the levels of cardiomyogenic antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in serum and myocardium. Finally, we found a positive correlation between cardiac and systemic cortistatin levels and EAM severity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cortistatin emerges as a new candidate to treat inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara P Falo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Norma Adan
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Maganto-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gema Robledo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neuropeptides and Microglial Activation in Inflammation, Pain, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5048616. [PMID: 28154473 PMCID: PMC5244030 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5048616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are responsible for immune surveillance within the CNS. They respond to noxious stimuli by releasing inflammatory mediators and mounting an effective inflammatory response. This is followed by release of anti-inflammatory mediators and resolution of the inflammatory response. Alterations to this delicate process may lead to tissue damage, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Chronic pain, such as inflammatory or neuropathic pain, is accompanied by neuroimmune activation, and the role of glial cells in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain has been the subject of increasing research over the last two decades. Neuropeptides are small amino acidic molecules with the ability to regulate neuronal activity and thereby affect various functions such as thermoregulation, reproductive behavior, food and water intake, and circadian rhythms. Neuropeptides can also affect inflammatory responses and pain sensitivity by modulating the activity of glial cells. The last decade has witnessed growing interest in the study of microglial activation and its modulation by neuropeptides in the hope of developing new therapeutics for treating neurodegenerative diseases and chronic pain. This review summarizes the current literature on the way in which several neuropeptides modulate microglial activity and response to tissue damage and how this modulation may affect pain sensitivity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang B, Sun GZ, Zhu ML, Li Y, Sun DJ, Zhang B, Bai XP. The plasma levels of CST and BCKDK in patients with sepsis. Peptides 2016; 86:80-84. [PMID: 27773658 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CST has been recently identified as a mediator of various beneficial effects in animal models of sepsis. At present, no data are available concerning the levels of CST in sepsis patients. In sepsis the plasma amino acid pattern is characterized by decreased branced chain amino acids (BCAAs). We investigated the levels of plasma CST or branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) and their relationship to component traits in patients with sepsis. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 228 patients and divided them into two groups based on severity of infection. Blood samples were taken at study entry, and CST, BCKDK were measured. RESULTS CST and BCKDK levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis than in controls: the median plasma CST concentration was 103.1ng/ml (range, <83.13-189.7ng/ml) in patients with sepsis and 49.69ng/ml (range, <19.38-100.8ng/ml) in controls (p=0.0022); the median plasma BCKDK concentration was 801.7ng/ml in sepsis group and 745ng/ml in controls (p=0.0292). Additionally, there was correlation between the plasma concentrations of CST and BCKDK in sepsis patients (r2=0.6357, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the plasma levels of CST in sepsis patients were higher than in controls, and there is a relationship between CST and BCKDK in sepsis patients. Future experimental and clinical studies are needed to evaluate CST as a novel prognostic tool in sepsis patients and its potential therapeutic use in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min-Ling Zhu
- Department of Emergency, First affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of ICU, Second affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiu-Ping Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Obesity- and gender-dependent role of endogenous somatostatin and cortistatin in the regulation of endocrine and metabolic homeostasis in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37992. [PMID: 27901064 PMCID: PMC5128804 DOI: 10.1038/srep37992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CORT) regulate numerous endocrine secretions and their absence [knockout (KO)-models] causes important endocrine-metabolic alterations, including pituitary dysregulations. We have demonstrated that the metabolic phenotype of single or combined SST/CORT KO-models is not drastically altered under normal conditions. However, the biological actions of SST/CORT are conditioned by the metabolic-status (e.g. obesity). Therefore, we used male/female SST- and CORT-KO mice fed low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet to explore the interplay between SST/CORT and obesity in the control of relevant pituitary-axes and whole-body metabolism. Our results showed that the SST/CORT role in the control of GH/prolactin secretions is maintained under LF- and HF-diet conditions as SST-KOs presented higher GH/prolactin-levels, while CORT-KOs displayed higher GH- and lower prolactin-levels than controls under both diets. Moreover, the impact of lack of SST/CORT on the metabolic-function was gender- and diet-dependent. Particularly, SST-KOs were more sensitive to HF-diet, exhibiting altered growth and body-composition (fat/lean percentage) and impaired glucose/insulin-metabolism, especially in males. Conversely, only males CORT-KO under LF-diet conditions exhibited significant alterations, displaying higher glucose-levels and insulin-resistance. Altogether, these data demonstrate a tight interplay between SST/CORT-axis and the metabolic status in the control of endocrine/metabolic functions and unveil a clear dissociation of SST/CORT roles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Villa-Osaba A, Gahete MD, Cordoba-Chacon J, de Lecea L, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Fasting modulates GH/IGF-I axis and its regulatory systems in the mammary gland of female mice: Influence of endogenous cortistatin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:14-24. [PMID: 27291340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are essential factors in mammary-gland (MG) development and are altered during fasting. However, no studies have investigated the alterations in the expression of GH/IGF-I and its regulatory systems (somatostatin/cortistatin and ghrelin) in MG during fasting. Therefore, this study was aimed at characterizing the regulation of GH/IGF-I/somatostatin/cortistatin/ghrelin-systems expression in MG of fasted female-mice (compared to fed-controls) and the influence of endogenous-cortistatin (using cortistatin-knockouts). Fasting decreased IGF-I while increased IGF-I/Insulin-receptors expression in MGs. Fasting provoked an increase in GH expression that might be associated to enhanced ghrelin-variants/ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase enzyme expression, while an upregulation of somatostatin-receptors was observed. However, cortistatin-knockouts mice showed a decrease in GH and somatostatin receptor-subtypes expression. Altogether, we demonstrate that GH/IGF-I, somatostatin/cortistatin and ghrelin systems expression is altered in MG during fasting, suggesting a relevant role in coordinating its response to metabolic stress, wherein endogenous cortistatin might be essential for an appropriate response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Villa-Osaba
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Cordoba-Chacon
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cortistatin inhibits calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by depressing osteoblastic differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2671-2681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Park SB, Park JS, Jung WH, Kim HY, Kwak HJ, Ahn JH, Choi KJ, Na YJ, Choi S, Dal Rhee S, Kim KY. Anti-inflammatory effect of a selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor via the stimulation of heme oxygenase-1 in LPS-activated mice and J774.1 murine macrophages. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
30
|
Cordoba-Chacón J, Gahete MD, Pozo-Salas AI, de Lecea L, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Cortistatin Is a Key Factor Regulating the Sex-Dependent Response of the GH and Stress Axes to Fasting in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2810-23. [PMID: 27175972 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cortistatin (CORT) shares high structural and functional similarities with somatostatin (SST) but displays unique sex-dependent pituitary actions. Indeed, although female CORT-knockout (CORT-KO) mice exhibit enhanced GH expression/secretion, Proopiomelanocortin expression, and circulating ACTH/corticosterone/ghrelin levels, male CORT-KO mice only display increased plasma GH/corticosterone levels. Changes in peripheral ghrelin and SST (rather than hypothalamic levels) seem to regulate GH/ACTH axes in CORT-KOs under fed conditions. Because changes in GH/ACTH axes during fasting provide important adaptive mechanisms, we sought to determine whether CORT absence influences GH/ACTH axes during fasting. Accordingly, fed and fasted male/female CORT-KO were compared with littermate controls. Fasting increased circulating GH levels in male/female controls but not in CORT-KO, suggesting that CORT can be a relevant regulator of GH secretion during fasting. However, GH levels were already higher in CORT-KO than in controls in fed state, which might preclude a further elevation in GH levels. Interestingly, although fasting-induced pituitary GH expression was elevated in both male/female controls, GH expression only increased in fasted female CORT-KOs, likely owing to specific changes observed in key factors controlling somatotrope responsiveness (ie, circulating ghrelin and IGF-1, and pituitary GHRH and ghrelin receptor expression). Fasting increased corticosterone levels in control and, most prominently, in CORT-KO mice, which might be associated with a desensitization to SST signaling and to an augmentation in CRH and ghrelin-signaling regulating corticotrope function. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence that CORT plays a key, sex-dependent role in the regulation of the GH/ACTH axes in response to fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Cordoba-Chacón
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Ana I Pozo-Salas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi ZY, Liu Y, Dong L, Zhang B, Zhao M, Liu WX, Zhang X, Yin XH. Cortistatin Improves Cardiac Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Suppressing Myocardial Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:83-93. [PMID: 27093952 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416644988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptotic pathway is associated with the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cortistatin (CST) is a novel bioactive peptide that inhibits apoptosis-related injury. Therefore, we investigated the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of CST in a rat model of AMI. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, AMI, and AMI + CST groups. Cardiac function and the degree of infarction were evaluated by echocardiography, cardiac troponin I activity, and 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride staining after 7 days. The expression of CST, ER stress markers, and apoptotic markers was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Compared to the AMI group, the AMI + CST group exhibited markedly better cardiac function and a lower degree of infarction. Electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling confirmed that myocardial apoptosis occurred after AMI. Cortistatin treatment reduced the expression of caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, and Bax (proapoptotic proteins) and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic protein). In addition, the reduced expression of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins homologous protein, and caspase 12 indicated that ER stress and the apoptotic pathway associated with ER stress were suppressed. Conclusions: Exogenous CST has a notable cardioprotective effect after AMI in a rat model in that it improves cardiac function by suppressing ER stress and myocardial apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Blockade of Thrombopoietin Reduces Organ Damage in Experimental Endotoxemia and Polymicrobial Sepsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151088. [PMID: 26963510 PMCID: PMC4786277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Thrombopoietin (TPO), a growth factor primarily involved in thrombopoiesis may also have a role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. In patients with sepsis, indeed, TPO levels are markedly increased, with disease severity being the major independent determinant of TPO concentrations. Moreover, TPO increases and correlates with ex vivo indices of platelet activation in patients with burn injury upon sepsis development, and may contribute to depress cardiac contractility in septic shock. Still, the role of TPO in sepsis pathophysiology remains controversial, given the protective role of TPO in other experimental disease models, for instance in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of our study was to define the contribution of TPO in the development of organ damage induced by endotoxemia or sepsis, and to investigate the effects of inhibiting TPO in these conditions. Methods We synthesized a chimeric protein able to inhibit TPO, mTPOR-MBP, and studied its effect in two murine experimental models, acute endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Results In both models, TPO levels markedly increased, from 289.80±27.87 pg/mL to 465.60±45.92 pg/mL at 3 hours in the LPS model (P<0.01), and from 265.00±26.02 pg/mL to 373.70±26.20 pg/mL in the CLP model (P<0.05), respectively. Paralleling TPO levels, also platelet-monocyte aggregates increased, from 32.86±2.48% to 46.13±1.39% at 3 hours in the LPS model (P<0.01), and from 43.68±1.69% to 56.52±4.66% in the CLP model (P<0.05). Blockade of TPO by mTPOR-MBP administration reduced histological damage in target organs, namely lung, liver, and gut. In particular, neutrophil infiltration and lung septal thickening were reduced from a score of 1.86±0.34 to 0.60±0.27 (P<0.01) and from 1.43±0.37 to 0.40±0.16 (P<0.05), respectively, in the LPS model at 3 hours, and from a score of 1.75±0.37 to 0.38±0.18 (P<0.01) and from 1.25±0.31 to 0.13±0.13 (P<0.001), respectively, in the CLP model. Similarly, the number of hepatic microabscesses was decreased from 14.14±1.41 to 3.64±0.56 in the LPS model at 3 hours (P<0.001), and from 1.71±0.29 to 0.13±0.13 in the CLP model (P<0.001). Finally, the diameter of intestinal villi decreased from 90.69±3.95 μm to 70.74±3.60 μm in the LPS model at 3 hours (P<0.01), and from 74.29±4.29 μm to 57.50±1.89 μm in the CLP model (P<0.01). This protective effect was associated with the blunting of the increase in platelet-monocyte adhesion, and, on the contrary, with increased platelet-neutrophil aggregates in the circulation, which may be related to decreased neutrophil sequestration into the inflamed tissues. Conversely, circulating cytokine levels were not significantly changed, in both models, by mTPOR-MBP administration. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that TPO participates in the development of organ damage induced by experimental endotoxemia or polymicrobial sepsis via a mechanism involving increased platelet-leukocyte adhesion, but not cytokine release, and suggest that blocking TPO may be useful in preventing organ damage in patients affected by systemic inflammatory response or sepsis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lack of cortistatin or somatostatin differentially influences DMBA-induced mammary gland tumorigenesis in mice in an obesity-dependent mode. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:29. [PMID: 26956474 PMCID: PMC4782371 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CORT), two structurally and functionally related peptides, share a family of widespread receptors (sst1-5) to exert apparently similar biological actions, including endocrine/metabolic regulation and suppression of tumor cell proliferation. However, despite their therapeutic potential, attempts to apply SST-analogs to treat breast cancer have yielded unsatisfactory results. Actually, the specific roles of SST and CORT in mammary gland tumorigenesis (MGT), particularly in relation to metabolic dysregulation (i.e. obesity), remain unknown. Methods The role of endogenous SST and CORT in carcinogen-induced MGT was investigated under normal (lean) and obesity conditions. To that end, SST- and CORT-knockout (KO) mice and their respective littermate-controls, fed low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets, were treated with 7,12-dimethyl-benza-anthracene (DMBA) once a week (wk) for 3 wk, and MGT was monitored for 25 wk. Additionally, we examined the effect of SST or CORT removal in the development of the mammary gland. Results Lack of SST did not alter DMBA-induced MGT incidence under lean conditions; conversely, lack of endogenous CORT severely aggravated DMBA-induced MGT in LF-fed mice. These differences were not attributable to altered mammary gland development. HF-diet modestly increased the sensitivity to DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in control mice, whereas, as observed in LF-fed CORT-KO, HF-fed CORT-KO mice exhibited aggravated tumor incidence, discarding a major influence of obesity on these CORT actions. In marked contrast, HF-fed SST-KO mice exhibited much higher tumor incidence than LF-fed SST-KO mice, which could be associated with higher mammary complexity. Conclusions Endogenous SST and CORT distinctly impact on DMBA-induced MGT, in a manner that is strongly dependent on the metabolic/endocrine milieu (lean vs. obese status). Importantly, CORT, rather than SST, could represent a major inhibitor of MGT under normal/lean-conditions, whereas both neuropeptides would similarly influence MGT under obesity conditions. The mechanisms mediating these different effects likely involve mammary development and hormones, but the precise underlying factors are still to be fully elucidated. However, our findings comprise suggestive evidence that CORT-like molecules, rather than classic SST-analogs, may help to identify novel tools for the medical treatment of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0689-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li D, He HL, Yao MZ, Chen ML, Chen X. Cortistatin is dysregulated in skin tissue of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and suppresses keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e309-14. [PMID: 26094977 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is characterized by the unregulated proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and increased expression of proinflammatory mediators in the skin. Cortistatin, an endogenous cyclic neuropeptide, inhibits the proliferation of inflammatory cells. We investigated the expression of cortistatin in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and examined its effects on keratinocyte growth in vitro. METHODS Serum levels of cortistatin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 72 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 76 age-matched healthy volunteers. Cortistatin expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies from 14 patients and 14 healthy subjects. The effects of cortistatin on the proliferation of primary keratinocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and BrdU incorporation assay. Intracellular levels of cAMP in keratinocytes in the presence or absence of cortistatin were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Serum levels of cortistatin and expression levels in skin were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than in healthy subjects. Cortistatin inhibited keratinocyte proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and substantially reduced intracellular cAMP levels in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS Cortistatin is downregulated in the skin of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and suppresses keratinocyte growth in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Lan He
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Liang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gonzalez-Rey E, Pedreño M, Delgado-Maroto V, Souza-Moreira L, Delgado M. Lulling immunity, pain, and stress to sleep with cortistatin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1351:89-98. [PMID: 25951888 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cortistatin is a neuropeptide isolated from cortical brain regions, showing high structural homology and sharing many functions with somatostatin. However, cortistatin exerts unique functions in the central nervous and immune systems, including decreasing locomotor activity, inducing sleep-promoting effects, and deactivating inflammatory and T helper (TH )1/TH 17-driven responses in preclinical models of sepsis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and colitis. Besides its release by cortical and hippocampal interneurons, cortistatin is produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, and peripheral nociceptive neurons in response to inflammatory stimuli, supporting a physiological role of cortistatin in the immune and nociceptive systems. Cortistatin-deficient mice have been shown to have exacerbated nociceptive responses to neuropathic and inflammatory pain sensitization. However, a paradoxical effect has been observed in studies of immune disorders, in which, despite showing competent inflammatory/autoreactive responses, cortistatin-deficient mice were partially resistant to systemic autoimmunity and inflammation. This unexpected phenotype was associated with elevated circulating glucocorticoids and anxiety-like behavior. These findings support cortistatin as a novel multimodal therapeutic approach to treat autoimmunity and clinical pain and identify it as a key endogenous component of the neuroimmune system related to stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Pedreño
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Delgado-Maroto
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang B, Liu Y, Zhang JS, Zhang XH, Chen WJ, Yin XH, Qi YF. Cortistatin protects myocardium from endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis during sepsis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:40-8. [PMID: 25727193 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are common entities encountered in intensive care units. Myocardial depression is a well-recognized manifestation of organ dysfunction in sepsis, and myocardial apoptosis is a key step for this progression, which may contribute to cardiac contractile dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggested the anti-inflammatory role of cortistatin (CST) during lethal endotoxemia. However, the direct protective effect of CST on myocardial is still not clear. Here, we aimed to study whether CST can directly protect myocardial from apoptosis. To test that, we used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis rat model. CST (175 µg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) was injected every 24 h before the model induction for 3 days. Electron microscopy, TUNEL staining, caspase-3 expression, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were used to measure myocardial apoptosis. In addition, the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers were overexpressed in sepsis. To further test whether CST can directly protect myocardial apoptosis from ERS, we compared dithiothreitol (DTT) induced cardiomyocyte (CM) ERS with or without CST in vitro. We found that CST strongly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and DTT induced CM ERS. Blocking GHS-R1a, one of CST's receptors expressed by CMs, completely abrogated CST's protective effect. Finally, CST's protective effect was associated with the decrease of ERS both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our results for the first time showed the previously unexpected role of CST to directly protect myocardial from apoptosis through inhibiting ERS and partly through GHS-R1a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin-Hua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cortistatin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts During Sepsis. J Card Fail 2015; 21:426-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
38
|
Pintér E, Pozsgai G, Hajna Z, Helyes Z, Szolcsányi J. Neuropeptide receptors as potential drug targets in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:5-20. [PMID: 23432438 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems exists via regulator molecules, such as neuropeptides, hormones and cytokines. A number of neuropeptides have been implicated in the genesis of inflammation, such as tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Development of their receptor antagonists could be a promising approach to anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy. Anti-inflammatory neuropeptides, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, urocortin, adrenomedullin, somatostatin, cortistatin, ghrelin, galanin and opioid peptides, are also released and act on their own receptors on the neurons as well as on different inflammatory and immune cells. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most prominent data of preclinical animal studies concerning the main pharmacological effects of ligands acting on the neuropeptide receptors. Promising therapeutic impacts of these compounds as potential candidates for the development of novel types of anti-inflammatory drugs are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gruber HE, Hoelscher GL, Bethea SF, Menscher EA, Ingram JA, Templin MA, Hanley EN. Cortistatin is endogenous to the human intervertebral disc and exerts in vitro mitogenic effects on annulus cells and a downregulatory effect on TNF-α expression. Spine J 2014; 14:2995-3001. [PMID: 24912122 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cortistatin (CST) is a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide with biologic anti-inflammatory properties relevant to disc degeneration. PURPOSE To test whether CST is present in the disc tissue, whether its expression is influenced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and whether it influences cell proliferation. STUDY DESIGN Institutional review board-approved study using immunohistochemistry on human disc tissue, in vitro annulus cultures to determine the effect of CST on cell proliferation, and the effect of TNF-α on CST gene expression. PATIENT SAMPLE Discs from 12 subjects used for immunohistochemistry, four annulus specimens used for cell culture with proinflammatory cytokines, and 11 used for cell proliferation analyses. OUTCOME MEASURES Immunohistochemical localization of CST, gene expression of CST, and cell proliferation analyses. METHODS Immunohistochemistry localized CST in disc tissue. Microarray analysis measured CST gene expression. Human annulus cells were exposed to CST for proliferation tests or cultured for the effect of TNF-α on CST expression. Standard statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry identified CST in outer annulus, inner annulus, and nucleus tissue. Annulus cells exposed to TNF-α revealed significantly lower CST expression (p=.013). Exposure to CST significantly increased proliferation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also confirmed expression of CST in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Data provide the first evidence that CST is present in the human disc. Addition of CST significantly increased cell proliferation. Cortistatin expression was significantly downregulated by TNF-α exposure in vitro. Findings suggest possible in vivo reduction of the anti-inflammatory actions of CST because of elevated proinflammatory cytokines during degenerating disc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA.
| | - Gretchen L Hoelscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Synthia F Bethea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Evan A Menscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Jane A Ingram
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Megan A Templin
- Dickson Advanced Analytics, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Edward N Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tavares E, Maldonado R, Miñano FJ. Immunoneutralization of Endogenous Aminoprocalcitonin Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3069-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
41
|
Gahete MD, Luque RM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Cruz-Teno C, Ibañez-Costa A, Delgado-Lista J, Gracia-Navarro F, Perez-Jimenez F, Castaño JP, Lopez-Miranda J. Dietary fat alters the expression of cortistatin and ghrelin systems in the PBMCs of elderly subjects: putative implications in the postprandial inflammatory response. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1897-906. [PMID: 24995559 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fat influences systemic inflammatory status, which determines the progression of age-associated diseases. Since somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and ghrelin systems modulate inflammatory response, we aim to comprehensively characterize the presence and regulation of the components of these systems in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), a subset of white blood cells placed at the crossroad between diet and inflammation, in response to diets with different fat composition, and during the postprandial phase in elderly subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The applied nutrigenomic, inflammation-related PBMC-based approach revealed that the majority of components of SST/CORT and ghrelin systems are present in the human PBMCs. Particularly, CORT, SST/CORT receptors (sst2, sst3, sst5, and sst5TMD4), ghrelin, its acylating enzyme (GOAT), In1-ghrelin variant, and GHSR1b were detected in PBMCs. Their expression was altered in the long-term by diet composition, and in the short-term, during the postprandial phase. Of particular relevance is the postprandial elevation of CORT, sst2, and sst5 expression in PBMCs of subjects under n-3 PUFAs-enriched diet. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential relevant role of CORT/ssts and ghrelin systems in regulating PBMCs response to nutrient intake, which could help to explain the positive effects of n-3 PUFAs-enriched diets in reducing the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, IMIBIC and CIBERObn, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shynlova O, Dorogin A, Li Y, Lye S. Inhibition of infection-mediated preterm birth by administration of broad spectrum chemokine inhibitor in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1816-29. [PMID: 24894878 PMCID: PMC4196657 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the single most important cause of perinatal and infant mortality worldwide. Maternal infection can result in PTB. We investigated the ability of a Broad Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitor (BSCI) to prevent infection-induced PTB in mice. PTB was initiated in pregnant mice by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg). Half the mice received BSCI (10 mg/kg) 24 hrs prior to and immediately before LPS administration. The impact of LPS alone or LPS plus BSCI was assessed on (i) injection-to-delivery interval, foetal survival rate, placental and neonates' weight; (ii) amniotic fluid and maternal plasma cytokine levels (by Luminex assay); foetal and maternal tissue cytokine gene expression levels (by Real-Time RT-PCR); (iii) immune cells infiltration into the uterine tissue (by stereological immunohistochemistry). Pre-treatment with BSCI (i) decreased LPS-induced PTB (64% versus 100%, P < 0.05); (ii) significantly attenuated cytokine/chemokine expression in maternal tissues (plasma, liver, myometrium, decidua); (iii) significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration in the mouse myometrium. BSCI-treated mice in which PTB was delayed till term had live foetuses with normal placental and foetal weight. BSCI represents a promising new class of therapeutics for PTB. In a mouse model of preterm labour, BCSI suppresses systemic inflammation in maternal tissues which resulted in the reduced incidence of LPS-mediated PTB. These data provide support for efforts to target inflammatory responses as a means of preventing PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shynlova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aggarwal S, Gross CM, Kumar S, Dimitropoulou C, Sharma S, Gorshkov BA, Sridhar S, Lu Q, Bogatcheva NV, Jezierska-Drutel AJ, Lucas R, Verin AD, Catravas JD, Black SM. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase II overexpression attenuates LPS-mediated lung leak in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:614-25. [PMID: 24134589 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0193oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency associated with lung leak, diffuse alveolar damage, inflammation, and loss of lung function. Decreased dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity and increases in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), together with exaggerated oxidative/nitrative stress, contributes to the development of ALI in mice exposed to LPS. Whether restoring DDAH function and suppressing ADMA levels can effectively ameliorate vascular hyperpermeability and lung injury in ALI is unknown, and was the focus of this study. In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, DDAH II overexpression prevented the LPS-dependent increase in ADMA, superoxide, peroxynitrite, and protein nitration. DDAH II also attenuated the endothelial barrier disruption associated with LPS exposure. Similarly, in vivo, we demonstrated that the targeted overexpression of DDAH II in the pulmonary vasculature significantly inhibited the accumulation of ADMA and the subsequent increase in oxidative/nitrative stress in the lungs of mice exposed to LPS. In addition, augmenting pulmonary DDAH II activity before LPS exposure reduced lung vascular leak and lung injury and restored lung function when DDAH activity was increased after injury. Together, these data suggest that enhancing DDAH II activity may prove a useful adjuvant therapy to treat patients with ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gahete MD, Durán-Prado M, Delgado-Niebla E, Garrido JJ, Rhodes SJ, García-Navarro S, Gracia-Navarro F, Malagón MM, Luque RM, Castaño JP. Porcine sst1 can physically interact with other somatostatin receptors, and its expression is regulated by metabolic/inflammatory sensors. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E483-93. [PMID: 24368669 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the biological actions attributed to somatostatin (SST) are thought to be mediated by SST receptor 2 (sst2), the most ubiquitous sst, and, to a lesser extent, by sst5. However, a growing body of evidence suggests a relevant role of sst1 in mediating SST actions in (patho)physiological situations (i.e., endometriosis, type 2 diabetes). Moreover, sst1 together with sst2 and sst5 is involved in the well-known actions of SST on pituitary somatotropes in pig and primates. Here, we cloned the porcine sst1 (psst1) and performed a structural and functional characterization using both primary and heterologous models. The psst1 sequence presents the majority of signature motifs shared among G protein-coupled receptors and, specifically, among ssts and exhibits a high homology with other mammalian sst1, with only minor differences in the amino-terminal domain, reinforcing the idea of an early evolutive divergence between mammalian and nonmammalian sst1s. psst1 is functional in terms of decreasing cAMP levels in response to SST when transfected in heterologous models. The psst1 receptor is expressed in several tissues, and analyses of gene cis elements predict regulation by multiple transcription factors and metabolic stimuli. Finally, psst1 is coexpressed with other sst subtypes in various tissues, and in vitro data demonstrate that psst1 can interact with itself forming homodimers and with other ssts forming heterodimers. These data highlight the functional importance of sst1 on the SST-mediated effects and its functional interaction with different ssts, which point out the necessity of exploring the consequences of such interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morell M, Camprubí-Robles M, Culler MD, de Lecea L, Delgado M. Cortistatin attenuates inflammatory pain via spinal and peripheral actions. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 63:141-54. [PMID: 24333694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pain, as a consequence of inflammation or injury of peripheral organs (inflammatory pain) or nerve injury (neuropathic pain), represents a serious public health issue. Treatment of pain-related suffering requires knowledge of how pain signals are initially interpreted and subsequently transmitted and perpetuated. To limit duration and intensity of pain, inhibitory signals participate in pain perception. Cortistatin is a cyclic-neuropeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on cortical neurons and immune cells. Here, we found that cortistatin is a natural analgesic component of the peripheral nociceptive system produced by peptidergic nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia in response to inflammatory and noxious stimuli. Moreover, cortistatin is produced by GABAergic interneurons of deep layers of dorsal horn of spinal cord. By using cortistatin-deficient mice, we demonstrated that endogenous cortistatin critically tunes pain perception in physiological and pathological states. Furthermore, peripheral and spinal injection of cortistatin potently reduced nocifensive behavior, heat hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in experimental models of clinical pain evoked by chronic inflammation, surgery and arthritis. The analgesic effects of cortistatin were independent of its anti-inflammatory activity and directly exerted on peripheral and central nociceptive terminals via Gαi-coupled somatostatin-receptors (mainly sstr2) and blocking intracellular signaling that drives neuronal plasticity including protein kinase A-, calcium- and Akt/ERK-mediated release of nociceptive peptides. Moreover, cortistatin could modulate, through its binding to ghrelin-receptor (GHSR1), pain-induced sensitization of secondary neurons in spinal cord. Therefore, cortistatin emerges as an anti-inflammatory factor with potent analgesic effects that offers a new approach to clinical pain therapy, especially in inflammatory states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Camprubí-Robles
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Souza-Moreira L, Morell M, Delgado-Maroto V, Pedreño M, Martinez-Escudero L, Caro M, O'Valle F, Luque R, Gallo M, de Lecea L, Castaño JP, Gonzalez-Rey E. Paradoxical effect of cortistatin treatment and its deficiency on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:2144-54. [PMID: 23918980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cortistatin is a cyclic-neuropeptide produced by brain cortex and immune cells that shows potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this article, we investigated the effect of cortistatin in two models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that mirror chronic and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A short-term systemic treatment with cortistatin reduced clinical severity and incidence of EAE, the appearance of inflammatory infiltrates in spinal cord, and the subsequent demyelination and axonal damage. This effect was associated with a reduction of the two deleterious components of the disease, namely, the autoimmune and inflammatory response. Cortistatin decreased the presence/activation of encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in periphery and nervous system, and downregulated various inflammatory mediators, whereas it increased the number of regulatory T cells with suppressive effects on the encephalitogenic response. Moreover, cortistatin regulated glial activity and favored an active program of neuroprotection/regeneration. We further used cortistatin-deficient mice to investigate the role of endogenous cortistatin in the control of immune responses. Surprisingly, cortistatin-deficient mice were partially resistant to EAE and other inflammatory disorders, despite showing competent inflammatory/autoreactive responses. This unexpected phenotype was associated with elevated circulating glucocorticoids and an anxiety-like behavior. Our findings provide a powerful rationale for the assessment of the efficacy of cortistatin as a novel multimodal therapeutic approach to treat multiple sclerosis and identify cortistatin as a key endogenous component of neuroimmune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra," Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada 18016, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Duran-Prado M, Morell M, Delgado-Maroto V, Castaño JP, Aneiros-Fernandez J, de Lecea L, Culler MD, Hernandez-Cortes P, O'Valle F, Delgado M. Cortistatin inhibits migration and proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells and decreases neointimal formation on carotid artery ligation. Circ Res 2013; 112:1444-55. [PMID: 23595952 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are key steps for the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Cortistatin is a multifunctional neuropeptide belonging to the somatostatin family that exerts unique functions in the nervous and immune systems. Cortistatin is elevated in plasma of patients experiencing coronary heart disease and attenuates vascular calcification. OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of vascular cortistatin and its effects on the proliferation and migration of SMCs in vitro and in vivo and to delimitate the receptors and signal transduction pathways governing its actions. METHODS AND RESULTS SMCs from mouse carotid and human aortic arteries and from human atherosclerotic plaques highly expressed cortistatin. Cortistatin expression positively correlated with the progression of arterial intima hyperplasia. Cortistatin inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated proliferation of human aortic SMCs via binding to somatostatin receptors (sst2 and sst5) and ghrelin receptor, induction of cAMP and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibition of Akt activity. Moreover, cortistatin impaired lamellipodia formation and migration of human aortic SMCs toward platelet-derived growth factor by inhibiting, in a ghrelin-receptor-dependent manner, Rac1 activation and cytosolic calcium increases. These effects on SMC proliferation and migration correlated with an inhibitory action of cortistatin on the neointimal formation in 2 models of carotid arterial ligation. Endogenous cortistatin seems to play a critical role in regulating SMC function because cortistatin-deficient mice developed higher neointimal hyperplasic lesions than wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Cortistatin emerges as a natural endogenous regulator of SMCs under pathological conditions and an attractive candidate for the pharmacological management of vascular diseases that course with neointimal lesion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Duran-Prado
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Morell M, Souza-Moreira L, Caro M, O'Valle F, Forte-Lago I, de Lecea L, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. Analgesic Effect of the Neuropeptide Cortistatin in Murine Models of Arthritic Inflammatory Pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1390-401. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
49
|
Chen XM, Xia J, Zhou T, Yuan Q, Zhang WF, Hu CP, Li YJ, Jiang JL. Involvement of DDAH/ADMA pathway in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:322-31. [PMID: 23619555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is the early stage of atherosclerosis, which is typically associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, is not only an independent predictor for endothelial dysfunction but also a proinflammatory mediator. It has been shown that the level of ADMA was elevated in patients with RA. In the present study, we investigated the potential effect of ADMA on inflammation process in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) animal model and primary cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In CIA rats, the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were markedly increased, while the plasma levels of ADMA did not increase. The expression of dimethylarginine dimethylohydrolase2 (DDAH2), the key enzyme for ADMA degradation, was markedly reduced in inflamed joint synovium of CIA rats. Moreover, the expression of anti-inflammatory factor cortistatin (CST) was markedly decreased in joint synovium of CIA rats. Treatment of cultured FLS with TNF-α significantly increased the levels of ADMA, and decreased the expression of DDAH2 mRNA and protein accompany with an increase in the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 and a reduction in the expression of CST mRNA and protein, and the effects of TNF-α were abolished by DDAH2 overexpression. Treatment of FLS with ADMA also significantly increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, and reduced the expression of CST. These findings suggest that DDAH/ADMA participates in the pathogenesis of RA, and that the effect of DDAH/ADMA may be mediated by CST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Meng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road #110, Changsha 410078, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Durán-Prado M, Gahete MD, Delgado-Niebla E, Martínez-Fuentes AJ, Vázquez-Martínez R, García-Navarro S, Gracia-Navarro F, Malagon MM, Luque RM, Castaño JP. Truncated variants of pig somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (sst5) act as dominant-negative modulators for sst2-mediated signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E1325-34. [PMID: 23032684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) and its related peptide cortistatin (CORT) exert their multiple actions through binding to the SST receptor (sst) family, generally considered to comprise five G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains (TMD), named sst1-sst5, plus a splice sst2B variant. However, we recently discovered that human and rodent sst5 gene expression also generates, through noncanonical alternative splicing, novel truncated albeit functional sst5 variants with less than seven TMD. Here, we cloned and characterized for the first time the porcine wild-type sst5 (psst5, full-length) and identified two novel truncated psst5 variants with six and three TMD, thus termed psst5TMD6 and psst5TMD3, respectively. In line with that observed in human and rodent truncated sst5 variants, psst5TMD6 and psst5TMD3 are functional (e.g., activate calcium signaling), selectively respond to SST and CORT, respectively, and exhibit specific tissue expression profiles that differ from full-length psst5 and often overlaps with psst2 expression. Moreover, fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis shows that psst5 truncated variants physically interact with psst2, thereby altering their localization at the plasma membrane and specifically disrupting the cellular response to SST and/or CORT. These results represent the first characterization of a key porcine SST receptor, psst5, and, together with our previous results, provide strong evidence that alternative splicing-derived, truncated sst5 variants with distinct functional capacities exist in the mammalian lineage, where they can act as dominant-negative receptors, by interacting directly with long, seven TMD variants, potentially contributing to modulate normal and pathological SST and CORT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|