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Aazmi A, Zhang D, Mazzaglia C, Yu M, Wang Z, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Biofabrication methods for reconstructing extracellular matrix mimetics. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:475-496. [PMID: 37719085 PMCID: PMC10500422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human body, almost all cells interact with extracellular matrices (ECMs), which have tissue and organ-specific compositions and architectures. These ECMs not only function as cellular scaffolds, providing structural support, but also play a crucial role in dynamically regulating various cellular functions. This comprehensive review delves into the examination of biofabrication strategies used to develop bioactive materials that accurately mimic one or more biophysical and biochemical properties of ECMs. We discuss the potential integration of these ECM-mimics into a range of physiological and pathological in vitro models, enhancing our understanding of cellular behavior and tissue organization. Lastly, we propose future research directions for ECM-mimics in the context of tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip applications, offering potential advancements in therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Xia P, Dubrovska A. CD98 heavy chain as a prognostic biomarker and target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251100. [PMID: 37823053 PMCID: PMC10562705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLC3A2 gene encodes for a cell-surface transmembrane protein CD98hc (4F2). CD98hc serves as a chaperone for LAT1 (SLC7A5), LAT2 (SLC7A8), y+LAT1 (SLC7A7), y+LAT2 (SLC7A6), xCT (SLC7A11) and Asc1 (SLC7A10) providing their recruitment to the plasma membrane. Together with the light subunits, it constitutes heterodimeric transmembrane amino acid transporters. CD98hc interacts with other surface molecules, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 (EMMPRIN) and adhesion receptors integrins, and regulates glucose uptake. In this way, CD98hc connects the signaling pathways sustaining cell proliferation and migration, biosynthesis and antioxidant defense, energy production, and stem cell properties. This multifaceted role makes CD98hc one of the critical regulators of tumor growth, therapy resistance, and metastases. Indeed, the high expression levels of CD98hc were confirmed in various tumor tissues, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, colon adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and others. A high expression of CD98hc has been linked to clinical prognosis and response to chemo- and radiotherapy in several types of cancer. In this mini-review, we discuss the physiological functions of CD98hc, its role in regulating tumor stemness, metastases, and therapy resistance, and the clinical significance of CD98hc as a tumor marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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Jiao W, Xu J, Wu D, Yu J, Zhang M, Liu L, Chen G. Anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of Yishen Tongbi decoction in experimental rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing SLC3A2/integrin β3 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154741. [PMID: 36990010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yishen Tongbi (YSTB) decoction is a patented herbal formula that is used in China to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the exact mechanism of its anti-synovial hyperplasia efficacy has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE Based on our previous proteomics study, we aimed to reveal whether YSTB inhibits the proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs through the SLC3A2/integrin β3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN The study design consists of three parts, a comparison of the expression of SLC3A2 and integrin β3 in synovial tissues of RA and OA patients; an animal experiment to verify the pharmacodynamic effect of YSTB, and in vitro experiment to elucidate the specific mechanism of YSTB. METHODS The expression of SLC3A2 and integrin β3 in the synovial tissues of patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro, firstly, the proliferation and migration abilities of HFLS (human fibroblast-like synoviocytes) and HFLS-RA (human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-RA) cells were compared by EdU staining and wound healing assays, respectively, and the differences in the expression and localization of SLC3A2, integrin β3, p-FAK and p-Src between HFLS and HFLS-RA cells were detected by IF and WB. In vivo, DBA/1 mice were injected with bovine collagen II to construct a CIA mouse model. Paw swelling, body weight and the arthritis index (AI) were used as basic treatment evaluation indicators for YSTB. Micro-CT and histopathological analyses of the knee and ankle joints were also performed. In addition, the expression of SLC3A2, integrin β3, p-FAK and p-Src in the synovial tissue of mice was detected by IHC. Subsequently, CCK-8 was used to screen for suitable concentrations of YSTB for use in HFLS-RA cells. EdU staining and transwell migration assays were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of YSTB on cell proliferation and migration, and WB was conducted to assess whether YSTB inhibited HFLS-RA migration through downregulation of the SLC3A2/integrin β3 pathways. RESULTS IHC showed that the expression of SLC3A2 and integrin β3 was higher in RA synovial tissues than in OA tissues. In vivo experiments showed that YSTB inhibited synovial hyperplasia, prevented bone destruction, and reduced the expression of SLC3A2, integrin β3, p-FAK and p-Src. In vitro experiments showed that YSTB inhibited HFLS-RA migration and proliferation by inhibiting the expression of SLC3A2/integrin β3 and downstream signaling molecules. CONCLUSION YSTB inhibits the proliferation and migration of synovial fibroblasts in RA by downregulating the SLC3A2/integrin β3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danbin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu L, Tang Y, Li XY, Kerk SA, Lyssiotis CA, Sun X, Wang Z, Cho JS, Ma J, Weiss SJ. Proteolytic regulation of a galectin-3/Lrp1 axis controls osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206121. [PMID: 36880731 PMCID: PMC9998966 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts mobilize proteolytic enzymes belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family to directly degrade type I collagen, the dominant extracellular matrix component of skeletal tissues. While searching for additional MMP substrates critical to bone resorption, Mmp9/Mmp14 double-knockout (DKO) osteoclasts-as well as MMP-inhibited human osteoclasts-unexpectedly display major changes in transcriptional programs in tandem with compromised RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Further study revealed that osteoclast function is dependent on the ability of Mmp9 and Mmp14 to cooperatively proteolyze the β-galactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3, on the cell surface. Mass spectrometry identified the galectin-3 receptor as low-density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (Lrp1), whose targeting in DKO osteoclasts fully rescues RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized galectin-3/Lrp1 axis whose proteolytic regulation controls both the transcriptional programs and the intracellular signaling cascades critical to mouse as well as human osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A. Kerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Leucine Supplementation in Middle-Aged Male Mice Improved Aging-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction via Activating the Sirt1-Foxo1 Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183856. [PMID: 36145233 PMCID: PMC9505861 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is associated with metabolic remodeling, and most studies focused on fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Based on our metabolomic data, leucine was significantly reduced in the aortas of aged mice. Whether leucine supplementation can reverse aging-induced vascular remodeling remains unknown. To investigate the effectiveness of leucine, male mice at 15 or 18 months were supplemented with leucine (1.5%) for 3 months. All the aged mice, with or without leucine, were sacrificed at 21 months. Blood pressure and vascular relaxation were measured. H&E, Masson’s trichrome, and Elastica van Gieson staining were used to assess aortic morphology. Vascular inflammation, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype were also measured in mouse aortas. Compared with the 21-month-old mice without leucine, leucine supplementation from 15 months significantly improved vascular relaxation, maintained the contractile phenotype of VSMCs, and repressed vascular inflammation and ROS levels. These benefits were not observed in the mice supplemented with leucine starting from 18 months, which was likely due to the reduction in leucine transporters Slc3a2 or Slc7a5 at 18 months. Furthermore, we found benefits from leucine via activating the Sirt1-induced Foxo1 deacetylation. Our findings indicated that leucine supplementation in middle-aged mice improved aging-induced vascular remodeling and dysfunction.
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Wang J, Eming SA, Ding X. Role of mTOR Signaling Cascade in Epidermal Morphogenesis and Skin Barrier Formation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060931. [PMID: 35741452 PMCID: PMC9220260 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The skin epidermis is a stratified multilayered epithelium that provides a life-sustaining protective and defensive barrier for our body. The barrier machinery is established and maintained through a tightly regulated keratinocyte differentiation program. Under normal conditions, the basal layer keratinocytes undergo active proliferation and migration upward, differentiating into the suprabasal layer cells. Perturbation of the epidermal differentiation program often results in skin barrier defects and inflammatory skin disorders. The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central hub of cell growth, metabolism and nutrient signaling. Over the past several years, we and others using transgenic mouse models have unraveled that mTOR signaling is critical for epidermal differentiation and barrier formation. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that disturbed activation of mTOR signaling is significantly implicated in the development of various skin diseases. In this review, we focus on the formation of skin barrier and discuss the current understanding on how mTOR signaling networks, including upstream inputs, kinases and downstream effectors, regulate epidermal differentiation and skin barrier formation. We hope this review will help us better understand the metabolic signaling in the epidermis, which may open new vistas for epidermal barrier defect-associated disease therapy. Abstract The skin epidermis, with its capacity for lifelong self-renewal and rapid repairing response upon injury, must maintain an active status in metabolism. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cellular growth and metabolism that coordinates diverse physiological and pathological processes in a variety of tissues and organs. Recent evidence with genetic mouse models highlights an essential role of the mTOR signaling network in epidermal morphogenesis and barrier formation. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in understanding how mTOR signaling networks, including upstream inputs, kinases and downstream effectors, regulate epidermal morphogenesis and skin barrier formation. Understanding the details of the metabolic signaling will be critical for the development of novel pharmacological approaches to promote skin barrier regeneration and to treat epidermal barrier defect-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sabine A. Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.A.E.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-137-6457-1130 (X.D.)
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.A.E.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-137-6457-1130 (X.D.)
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Zhang D, Sheng Y, Piano N, Jakuszeit T, Cozens E, Dong L, Buell AK, Pollet A, Lei IM, Wang W, Terentjev E, Huang YYS. Cancer cell migration on straight, wavy, loop and grid microfibre patterns. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 34991078 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac48e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes where the fibrillar morphology of extracellular matrices (ECM) could regulate the migration dynamics. To mimic the morphological characteristics of fibrillar matrix structures, low-voltage continuous electrospinning was adapted to construct straight, wavy, looped and gridded fibre patterns made of polystyrene (of fibre diameter ca. 3 μm). Cells were free to explore their different shapes in response to the directly-adhered fibre, as well as to the neighbouring patterns. For all the patterns studied, analysing cellular migration dynamics of MDA-MB-231 (a highly migratory breast cancer cell line) demonstrated two interesting findings: first, although cells dynamically adjust their shapes and migration trajectories in response to different fibrillar environments, their average step speed is minimally affected by the fibre global pattern; secondly, a switch in behaviour was observed when the pattern features approach the upper limit of the cell body's minor axis, reflecting that cells' ability to divert from an existing fibre track is limited by the size along the cell body's minor axis. It is therefore concluded that the upper limit of cell body's minor axis might act as a guide for the design of microfibre patterns for different purposes of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Nicholas Piano
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Theresa Jakuszeit
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Edward Cozens
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Lingqing Dong
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, CHINA
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 227, 061 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Lyngby, 2800, DENMARK
| | - Andreas Pollet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, 5600 MB, NETHERLANDS
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Eugene Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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Jia Z, Liu L, Zhang S, Zhao X, Luo L, Tang Y, Shen B, Chen M. Proteomics changes after negative pressure wound therapy in diabetic foot ulcers. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:834. [PMID: 34608502 PMCID: PMC8503750 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was used to analyze the differences in the granulation tissue protein expression profiles of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) before and after negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to understand how NPWT promotes the healing of diabetic foot wounds. A total of three patients with DFUs hospitalized for Wagner grade 3 were enrolled. The patients received NPWT for one week. The granulation tissue samples of the patients prior to and following NPWT for one week were collected. The protein expression profiles were analyzed with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the DFU patients prior to and following NPWT for one week were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were conducted to annotate the DEPs and DEP-associated signaling pathways. Western blotting and ELISA were performed to validate the results. By comparing the differences in the protein profiles of granulation tissue samples prior to and following NPWT for one week, 36 proteins with significant differences were identified (P<0.05); 33 of these proteins were upregulated and three proteins were downregulated. NPWT altered proteins mainly associated with antioxidation and detoxification, the cytoskeleton, regulation of the inflammatory response, complement and coagulation cascades and lipid metabolism. The functional validation of the DEPs demonstrated that the levels of cathepsin S in peripheral blood and granulation tissue were significantly lower than those prior to NPWT (P<0.05), while the levels of protein S isoform 1, inter α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 and peroxiredoxin-2 in peripheral blood and granulation tissue were significantly higher than those prior to NPWT (P<0.05). The present study identified multiple novel proteins altered by NPWT and laid a foundation for further studies investigating the mechanism of action of NPWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yizhong Tang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Ariosa-Morejon Y, Santos A, Fischer R, Davis S, Charles P, Thakker R, Wann AK, Vincent TL. Age-dependent changes in protein incorporation into collagen-rich tissues of mice by in vivo pulsed SILAC labelling. eLife 2021; 10:66635. [PMID: 34581667 PMCID: PMC8478409 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-rich tissues have poor reparative capacity that predisposes to common age-related disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We used in vivo pulsed SILAC labelling to quantify new protein incorporation into cartilage, bone, and skin of mice across the healthy life course. We report dynamic turnover of the matrisome, the proteins of the extracellular matrix, in bone and cartilage during skeletal maturation, which was markedly reduced after skeletal maturity. Comparing young adult with older adult mice, new protein incorporation was reduced in all tissues. STRING clustering revealed changes in epigenetic modulators across all tissues, a decline in chondroprotective growth factors such as FGF2 and TGFβ in cartilage, and clusters indicating mitochondrial dysregulation and reduced collagen synthesis in bone. Several pathways were implicated in age-related disease. Fewer changes were observed for skin. This methodology provides dynamic protein data at a tissue level, uncovering age-related molecular changes that may predispose to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Ariosa-Morejon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Santos
- Big Data Institute, Li-Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Center for Health Data Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Davis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Charles
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Regulation of stem cell function and neuronal differentiation by HERV-K via mTOR pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17842-17853. [PMID: 32669437 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002427117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of unlimited proliferation but can be induced to form brain cells. Factors that specifically regulate human development are poorly understood. We found that human stem cells expressed high levels of the envelope protein of an endogenized human-specific retrovirus (HERV-K, HML-2) from loci in chromosomes 12 and 19. The envelope protein was expressed on the cell membrane of the stem cells and was critical in maintaining the stemness via interactions with CD98HC, leading to triggering of human-specific signaling pathways involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT1)-mediated epigenetic changes. Down-regulation or epigenetic silencing of HML-2 env resulted in dissociation of the stem cell colonies and enhanced differentiation along neuronal pathways. Thus HML-2 regulation is critical for human embryonic and neurodevelopment, while it's dysregulation may play a role in tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration.
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11
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Metabolic Pathways That Control Skin Homeostasis and Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:975-986. [PMID: 32371170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes and skin immune cells are actively metabolizing nutrients present in their microenvironment. This is particularly important in common chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and expansion of inflammatory cells, thus suggesting increased cell nutritional requirements. Proliferating inflammatory cells and keratinocytes express high levels of glucose transporter (GLUT)1, l-type amino acid transporter (LAT)1, and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). Main metabolic regulators such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, MYC, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) control immune cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine release. Here, we provide an updated perspective regarding the potential role of nutrient transporters and metabolic pathways that could be common to immune cells and keratinocytes, to control psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
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Beaudreuil S, Zhang X, Herr F, Harper F, Candelier JJ, Fan Y, Yeter H, Dudreuilh C, Lecru L, Vazquez A, Charpentier B, Lorenzo HK, Durrbach A. Circulating CASK is associated with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after transplantation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219353. [PMID: 31356645 PMCID: PMC6663006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Focal and Segmental GlomeruloSclerosis (FSGS) can cause nephrotic syndrome with a risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. The idiopathic form has a high rate of recurrence after transplantation, suggesting the presence of a systemic circulating factor that causes glomerular permeability and can be removed by plasmapheresis or protein-A immunoadsorption. Results To identify this circulating factor, the eluate proteins bound on therapeutic immunoadsorption with protein-A columns were analyzed by comparative electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A soluble form of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) was identified. CASK was immunoprecipitated only in the sera of patients with recurrent FSGS after transplantation and not in control patients. Recombinant-CASK (rCASK) induced the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in immortalized podocytes, a redistribution of synaptopodin, ZO-1,vinculin and ENA. rCASK also induced alterations in the permeability of a monolayer of podocytes and increased the motility of pdodocytes in vitro. The extracellular domain of CD98, a transmembrane receptor expressed on renal epithelial cells, has been found to co-immunoprecipitated with rCASK. The invalidation of CD98 with siRNA avoided the structural changes of rCask treated cells suggesting its involvement in physiopathology of the disease. In mice, recombinant CASK induced proteinuria and foot process effacement in podocytes. Conclusion Our results suggest that CASK can induce the recurrence of FSGS after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine Beaudreuil
- IFRNT, Department of Nephrology, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1197, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Francis Harper
- CNRS, UMR 8122, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ye Fan
- INSERM U1197, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Caroline Dudreuilh
- IFRNT, Department of Nephrology, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1197, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Charpentier
- IFRNT, Department of Nephrology, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1197, Villejuif, France
| | - Hans K. Lorenzo
- IFRNT, Department of Nephrology, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1197, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail: (AD); (HKL)
| | - Antoine Durrbach
- IFRNT, Department of Nephrology, Bicêtre Hospital, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1197, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail: (AD); (HKL)
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Hameury S, Borderie L, Monneuse JM, Skorski G, Pradines D. Prediction of skin anti-aging clinical benefits of an association of ingredients from marine and maritime origins: Ex vivo evaluation using a label-free quantitative proteomic and customized data processing approach. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:355-370. [PMID: 29797450 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of ingredients from marine and maritime origins is increasingly common in skin care products, driven by consumer expectations for natural ingredients. However, these ingredients are typically studied for a few isolated in vitro activities. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the activity on the skin of an association of ingredients from marine and maritime origins using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, in order to predict the clinical benefits if used in a skin care product. METHODS An aqueous gel containing 6.1% of ingredients from marine and maritime origins (amino acid-enriched giant kelp extract, trace element-enriched seawater, dedifferentiated sea fennel cells) was topically applied on human skin explants. The skin explants' proteome was analyzed in a label-free manner by high-performance liquid nano-chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A specific data processing pipeline (CORAVALID) providing an objective and comprehensive interpretation of the statistically relevant biological activities processed the results. RESULTS Compared to untreated skin explants, 64 proteins were significantly regulated by the gel treatment (q-value ≤ 0.05). Computer data processing revealed an activity of the ingredients on the epidermis and the dermis. These significantly regulated proteins are involved in gene expression, cell survival and metabolism, inflammatory processes, dermal extracellular matrix synthesis, melanogenesis and keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the tested ingredients could help to preserve a healthy epidermis and dermis, and possibly to prevent the visible signs of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Hameury
- Research & Development Department, Laboratoires B.L.C. Thalgo Cosmetic S.A., Roquebrune-sur-Argens, France
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Pradines
- Research & Development Department, Laboratoires B.L.C. Thalgo Cosmetic S.A., Roquebrune-sur-Argens, France
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14
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O'Shaughnessy RFL. Targeting tryptophan transport and breakdown in basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:16-17. [PMID: 30604530 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R F L O'Shaughnessy
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
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15
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Boulter E, Estrach S, Tissot FS, Hennrich ML, Tosello L, Cailleteau L, de la Ballina LR, Pisano S, Gavin AC, Féral CC. Cell metabolism regulates integrin mechanosensing via an SLC3A2-dependent sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4862. [PMID: 30451822 PMCID: PMC6242995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical and metabolic cues independently contribute to the regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis. However, how they cross-regulate each other during this process remains largely unknown. Here, we show that cellular metabolism can regulate integrin rigidity-sensing via the sphingolipid metabolic pathway controlled by the amino acid transporter and integrin coreceptor CD98hc (SLC3A2). Genetic invalidation of CD98hc in dermal cells and tissue impairs rigidity sensing and mechanical signaling downstream of integrins, including RhoA activation, resulting in aberrant tissue mechanical homeostasis. Unexpectedly, we found that this regulation does not occur directly through regulation of integrins by CD98hc but indirectly, via the regulation of sphingolipid synthesis and the delta-4-desaturase DES2. Loss of CD98hc decreases sphingolipid availability preventing proper membrane recruitment, shuttling and activation of upstream regulators of RhoA including Src kinases and GEF-H1. Altogether, our results unravel a novel cross-talk regulation between integrin mechanosensing and cellular metabolism which may constitute an important new regulatory framework contributing to mechanical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulter
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France.
| | - Soline Estrach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France
| | - Floriane S Tissot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France
| | - Marco L Hennrich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, D69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Meyerhofstraße 1, D69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lionel Tosello
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France
| | - Laura R de la Ballina
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, D69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Meyerhofstraße 1, D69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chloé C Féral
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France.
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16
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Tissot FS, Estrach S, Boulter E, Cailleteau L, Tosello L, Seguin L, Pisano S, Audebert S, Croce O, Féral CC. Dermal Fibroblast SLC3A2 Deficiency Leads to Premature Aging and Loss of Epithelial Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2511-2521. [PMID: 29906411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin homeostasis relies on fine-tuning of epidermis-dermis interactions and is affected by aging. While extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as integrins, are involved in aging, the molecular basis of the skin changes needs to be investigated further. Here, we showed that integrin co-receptor, SLC3A2, required for cell proliferation, is expressed at the surface of resting dermal fibroblasts in young patients and is reduced drastically with aging. In vivo SLC3A2 dermal fibroblast deletion induced major skin phenotypes resembling premature aging. Knockout mice (3 months old) presented strong defects in skin elasticity due to altered ECM assembly, which impairs epidermal homeostasis. SLC3A2 dermal fibroblast loss led to an age-associated secretome profile, with 77% of identified proteins belonging to ECM and ECM-associated proteins. ECM not only contributes to skin mechanical properties, but it is also a reservoir of growth factors and bioactive molecules. We demonstrate that dermal fibroblast SLC3A2 is required for ECM to fully exert its structural and reservoir role allowing proper and efficient TGF-β localization and activation. We identified SLC3A2 as a protective controller of dermal ECM stiffness and quality required to maintain the epidermis to dermis interface as functional and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane S Tissot
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Soline Estrach
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Etienne Boulter
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lionel Tosello
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laetitia Seguin
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Croce
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Chloé C Féral
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France.
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17
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Witherden DA, Johnson MD, Havran WL. Coreceptors and Their Ligands in Epithelial γδ T Cell Biology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:731. [PMID: 29686687 PMCID: PMC5900413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues line the body providing a protective barrier from the external environment. Maintenance of these epithelial barrier tissues critically relies on the presence of a functional resident T cell population. In some tissues, the resident T cell population is exclusively comprised of γδ T cells, while in others γδ T cells are found together with αβ T cells and other lymphocyte populations. Epithelial-resident γδ T cells function not only in the maintenance of the epithelium, but are also central to the repair process following damage from environmental and pathogenic insults. Key to their function is the crosstalk between γδ T cells and neighboring epithelial cells. This crosstalk relies on multiple receptor–ligand interactions through both the T cell receptor and accessory molecules leading to temporal and spatial regulation of cytokine, chemokine, growth factor, and extracellular matrix protein production. As antigens that activate epithelial γδ T cells are largely unknown and many classical costimulatory molecules and coreceptors are not used by these cells, efforts have focused on identification of novel coreceptors and ligands that mediate pivotal interactions between γδ T cells and their neighbors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of functions for these coreceptors and their ligands in epithelial maintenance and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Witherden
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Margarete D Johnson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wendy L Havran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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Methylmercury Uptake into BeWo Cells Depends on LAT2-4F2hc, a System L Amino Acid Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081730. [PMID: 28786956 PMCID: PMC5578120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic mercury compound methylmercury (MeHg) is able to target the fetal brain. However, the uptake of the toxicant into placental cells is incompletely understood. MeHg strongly binds to thiol-S containing molecules such as cysteine. This MeHg-l-cysteine exhibits some structural similarity to methionine. System L plays a crucial role in placental transport of essential amino acids such as leucine and methionine and thus has been assumed to also transport MeHg-l-cysteine across the placenta. The uptake of methylmercury and tritiated leucine and methionine into the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo was examined using transwell assay and small interfering (si)RNA mediated gene knockdown. Upon the downregulation of large neutral amino acids transporter (LAT)2 and 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc), respectively, the levels of [3H]leucine in BeWo cells are significantly reduced compared to controls treated with non-targeting siRNA (p < 0.05). The uptake of [3H]methionine was reduced upon LAT2 down-regulation as well as methylmercury uptake after 4F2hc silencing (p < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest an important role of system L in the placental uptake of the metal. Comparing the cellular accumulation of mercury, leucine, and methionine, it can be assumed that (1) MeHg is transported through system L amino acid transporters and (2) system L is responsible for the uptake of amino acids and MeHg primarily at the apical membrane of the trophoblast. The findings together can explain why mercury in contrast to other heavy metals such as lead or cadmium is efficiently transported to fetal blood.
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Sharma P, Ng C, Jana A, Padhi A, Szymanski P, Lee JSH, Behkam B, Nain AS. Aligned fibers direct collective cell migration to engineer closing and nonclosing wound gaps. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2579-2588. [PMID: 28747440 PMCID: PMC5597329 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell emergence onto damaged or organized fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial precursor to collective cell migration in wound closure and cancer metastasis, respectively. However, there is a fundamental gap in our quantitative understanding of the role of local ECM size and arrangement in cell emergence-based migration and local gap closure. Here, using ECM-mimicking nanofibers bridging cell monolayers, we describe a method to recapitulate and quantitatively describe these in vivo behaviors over multispatial (single cell to cell sheets) and temporal (minutes to weeks) scales. On fiber arrays with large interfiber spacing, cells emerge (invade) either singularly by breaking cell-cell junctions analogous to release of a stretched rubber band (recoil), or in groups of few cells (chains), whereas on closely spaced fibers, multiple chains emerge collectively. Advancing cells on fibers form cell streams, which support suspended cell sheets (SCS) of various sizes and curvatures. SCS converge to form local gaps that close based on both the gap size and shape. We document that cell stream spacing of 375 µm and larger hinders SCS advancement, thus providing abilities to engineer closing and nonclosing gaps. Altogether we highlight the importance of studying cell-fiber interactions and matrix structural remodeling in fundamental and translational cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sharma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Colin Ng
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Aniket Jana
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Abinash Padhi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Paige Szymanski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jerry S H Lee
- Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.,Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 .,Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Yamakawa Y, Kusuhara M, Terashima M, Kinugasa Y, Sugino T, Abe M, Mochizuki T, Hatakeyama K, Kami K, Yamaguchi K. CD44 variant 9 expression as a predictor for gastric cancer recurrence: immunohistochemical and metabolomic analysis of surgically resected tissues. Biomed Res 2017; 38:41-52. [PMID: 28239031 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) and the heavy chain of 4F2 cell-surface antigen (CD98hc) appear important for regulation of reactive oxygen species defence and tumor growth in gastric cancer. This study examined the roles of CD44v9 and CD98hc as markers of gastric cancer recurrence, and investigated associations with energy metabolism. We applied capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry to metabolome profiling of gastric cancer specimens from 103 patients who underwent resection with no residual tumor or microscopic residual tumor, and compared metabolite levels to immunohistochemical staining for CD44v9 and CD98hc. Positive expression rates were 40.7% for CD44v9 and 42.7% for CD98hc. Various tumor characteristics were significantly associated with CD44v9 expression. Five-year recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower for CD44v9-positive tumors (39.1%) than for CD44v9-negative tumors (73.5%; P < 0.0001), but no significant differences in recurrence-free survival were seen according to CD98hc expression. Uni- and multivariate analyses identified positive CD44v9 expression as an independent predictor of poorer recurrence-free survival. Metabolome analysis of 110 metabolites found that levels of glutathione disulfide were significantly lower and reduced glutathione (GSH)/ glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio was significantly higher in CD44v9-positive tumors than in CD44v9-negative tumors, suggesting that CD44v9 may enhance pentose phosphate pathway flux and maintain GSH levels in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yamakawa
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center
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21
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Baumer Y, McCurdy S, Alcala M, Mehta N, Lee BH, Ginsberg MH, Boisvert WA. CD98 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 256:105-114. [PMID: 28012647 PMCID: PMC5276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) migrate and proliferate to form a stabilizing fibrous cap that encapsulates atherosclerotic plaques. CD98 is a transmembrane protein made of two subunits, CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) and one of six light chains, and is known to be involved in cell proliferation and survival. Because the influence of CD98hc on atherosclerosis development is unknown, our aim was to determine if CD98hc expressed on VSMC plays a role in shaping the morphology of atherosclerotic plaques by regulating VSMC function. METHODS In addition to determining the role of CD98hc in VSMC proliferation and apoptosis, we utilized mice with SMC-specific deletion of CD98hc (CD98hcfl/flSM22αCre+) to determine the effects of CD98hc deficiency on VSMC function in atherosclerotic plaque. RESULTS After culturing for 5 days in vitro, CD98hc-/- VSMC displayed dramatically reduced cell counts, reduced proliferation, as well as reduced migration compared to control VSMC. Analysis of aortic VSCM after 8 weeks of HFD showed a reduction in CD98hc-/- VSMC proliferation as well as increased apoptosis compared to controls. A long-term atherosclerosis study using SMC-CD98hc-/-/ldlr-/- mice was performed. Although total plaque area was unchanged, CD98hc-/- mice showed reduced presence of VSMC within the plaque (2.1 ± 0.4% vs. 4.3 ± 0.4% SM22α-positive area per plaque area, p < 0.05), decreased collagen content, as well as increased necrotic core area (25.8 ± 1.9% vs. 10.9 ± 1.6%, p < 0.05) compared to control ldlr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CD98hc is required for VSMC proliferation, and that its deficiency leads to significantly reduced presence of VSMC in the neointima. Thus, CD98hc expression in VSMC contributes to the formation of plaques that are morphologically more stable, and thereby protects against atherothrombosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elastin/metabolism
- Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain/genetics
- Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain/metabolism
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Necrosis
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Sara McCurdy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Martin Alcala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nehal Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bog-Hieu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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22
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Kim DJ, Mustoe T, Clark RAF. Cutaneous wound healing in aging small mammals: a systematic review. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 23:318-39. [PMID: 25817246 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the elderly population grows, so do the clinical and socioeconomic burdens of nonhealing cutaneous wounds, the majority of which are seen among persons over 60 years of age. Human studies on how aging effects wound healing will always be the gold standard, but studies have ethical and practical hurdles. Choosing an animal model is dictated by costs and animal lifespan that preclude large animal use. Here, we review the current literature on how aging effects cutaneous wound healing in small animal models and, when possible, compare healing across studies. Using a literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed databases, studies were limited to those that utilized full-thickness wounds and compared the wound-healing parameters of wound closure, reepithelialization, granulation tissue fill, and tensile strength between young and aged cohorts. Overall, wound closure, reepithelialization, and granulation tissue fill were delayed or decreased with aging across different strains of mice and rats. Aging in mice was associated with lower tensile strength early in the wound healing process, but greater tensile strength later in the wound healing process. Similarly, aging in rats was associated with lower tensile strength early in the wound healing process, but no significant tensile strength difference between young and old rats later in healing wounds. From studies in New Zealand White rabbits, we found that reepithelialization and granulation tissue fill were delayed or decreased overall with aging. While similarities and differences in key wound healing parameters were noted between different strains and species, the comparability across the studies was highly questionable, highlighted by wide variability in experimental design and reporting. In future studies, standardized experimental design and reporting would help to establish comparable study groups, and advance the overall knowledge base, facilitating the translatability of animal data to the human clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joo Kim
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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23
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Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:175-8. [PMID: 27259496 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect peptides KE, KED, AED and AEDG on proliferation (Ki-67), regeneration and aging (CD98hc), apoptosis (caspase-3), and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP-9) in skin fibroblasts during their aging in culture were studied by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. All studied peptides inhibited MMP-9 synthesis that increases during aging of skin fibroblasts and enhanced the expression of Ki-67 and CD98hc that are less intensively synthesized during cell aging. Peptides AED and AEDG suppressed caspase-dependent apoptosis that increases during aging of cell cultures.
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24
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Lee KJ, Yoo YH, Kim MS, Yadav BK, Kim Y, Lim D, Hwangbo C, Moon KW, Kim D, Jeoung D, Lee H, Lee JH, Hahn JH. CD99 inhibits CD98-mediated β1 integrin signaling through SHP2-mediated FAK dephosphorylation. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:211-22. [PMID: 26172215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The human CD99 protein is a 32-kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein, while CD98 is a disulfide-linked 125-kDa heterodimeric type II transmembrane glycoprotein. It has been previously shown that CD99 and CD98 oppositely regulate β1 integrin signaling, though the mechanisms by which this regulation occurs are not known. Our results revealed that antibody-mediated crosslinking of CD98 induced FAK phosphorylation at Y397 and facilitated the formation of the protein kinase Cα (PKCα)-syntenin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK), focal adhesions (FAs), and IPP-Akt1-syntenin complex, which mediates β1 integrin signaling. In contrast, crosslinking of CD99 disrupted the formation of the PKCα-syntenin-FAK complex as well as FA via FAK dephosphorylation. The CD99-induced dephosphorylation of FAK was apparently mediated by the recruitment of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of its phosphatase activity. Further consequences of the activation of SHP2 included the disruption of FAK-talin and talin-β1 integrin interactions and attenuation in the formation of the IPP-Akt1-syntenin complex at the plasma membrane, which resulted in reduced cell-ECM adhesion. This report uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the inverse regulation of β1 integrin signaling by CD99 and CD98 and may provide a novel therapeutic approach to treat inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Birendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoung Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejoong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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25
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L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1): a therapeutic target supporting growth and survival of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 29:1253-66. [PMID: 25482130 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The altered metabolism of cancer cells is a treasure trove to discover new antitumoral strategies. The gene (SLC7A5) encoding system L amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is overexpressed in murine lymphoma cells generated via T-cell deletion of the pten tumor suppressor, and also in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/lymphoma (T-LL) cells. We show here that a potent and LAT1 selective inhibitor (JPH203) decreased leukemic cell viability and proliferation, and induced transient autophagy followed by apoptosis. JPH203 could also alter the in vivo growth of luciferase-expressing-tPTEN-/- cells xenografted into nude mice. In contrast, JPH203 was nontoxic to normal murine thymocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. JPH203 interfered with constitutive activation of mTORC1 and Akt, decreased expression of c-myc and triggered an unfolded protein response mediated by the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) transcription factor associated with cell death. A JPH203-resistant tPTEN-/-clone appeared CHOP induction deficient. We also demonstrate that targeting LAT1 may be an efficient broad spectrum adjuvant approach to treat deadly T-cell malignancies as the molecule synergized with rapamycin, dexamethasone, doxorubicin, velcade and l-asparaginase to alter leukemic cell viability.
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26
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Jimenez F, Poblet E, Izeta A. Reflections on how wound healing-promoting effects of the hair follicle can be translated into clinical practice. Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:91-4. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Poblet
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía; Murcia Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Instituto Biodonostia; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastián Spain
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27
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Marjoram RJ, Lessey EC, Burridge K. Regulation of RhoA activity by adhesion molecules and mechanotransduction. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:199-208. [PMID: 24467208 PMCID: PMC3929014 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140128104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The low molecular weight GTP-binding protein RhoA regulates many cellular events, including cell migration, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, progress through the cell cycle and gene expression. Physical forces influence these cellular processes in part by regulating RhoA activity through mechanotransduction of cell adhesion molecules (e.g. integrins, cadherins, Ig superfamily molecules). RhoA activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) that are themselves regulated by many different signaling pathways. Significantly, the engagement of many cell adhesion molecules can affect RhoA activity in both positive and negative ways. In this brief review, we consider how RhoA activity is regulated downstream from cell adhesion molecules and mechanical force. Finally, we highlight the importance of mechanotransduction signaling to RhoA in normal cell biology as well as in certain pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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28
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Estrach S, Lee SA, Boulter E, Pisano S, Errante A, Tissot FS, Cailleteau L, Pons C, Ginsberg MH, Féral CC. CD98hc (SLC3A2) loss protects against ras-driven tumorigenesis by modulating integrin-mediated mechanotransduction. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6878-89. [PMID: 25267066 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CD98hc (SLC3A2) is the heavy chain component of the dimeric transmembrane glycoprotein CD98, which comprises the large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) in cells. Overexpression of CD98hc occurs widely in cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis clinically, but its exact contributions to tumorigenesis are uncertain. In this study, we showed that genetic deficiency of CD98hc protects against Ras-driven skin carcinogenesis. Deleting CD98hc after tumor induction was also sufficient to cause regression of existing tumors. Investigations into the basis for these effects defined two new functions of CD98hc that contribute to epithelial cancer beyond an intrinsic effect of CD98hc on tumor cell proliferation. First, CD98hc increased the stiffness of the tumor microenvironment. Second, CD98hc amplified the capacity of cells to respond to matrix rigidity, an essential factor in tumor development. Mechanistically, CD98hc mediated this stiffness sensing by increasing Rho kinase (ROCK) activity, resulting in increased transcription mediated by YAP/TAZ, a nuclear relay for mechanical signals. Our results suggest that CD98hc contributes to carcinogenesis by amplifying a positive feedback loop, which increases both extracellular matrix stiffness and resulting cellular responses. This work supports a rationale to explore the use of CD98hc inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soline Estrach
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Sin-Ae Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Etienne Boulter
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. AFM Core facility, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Aurélia Errante
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Floriane S Tissot
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Pons
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Chloé C Féral
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
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29
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Poettler M, Unseld M, Braemswig K, Haitel A, Zielinski CC, Prager GW. CD98hc (SLC3A2) drives integrin-dependent renal cancer cell behavior. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:169. [PMID: 24359579 PMCID: PMC3879186 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of CD98hc (SLC3A2) occurs in a variety of cancers and is suspected to contribute to tumor growth. CD98, a heterodimeric transmembrane protein, physically associates with certain integrin β subunit cytoplasmic domains via its heavy chain, CD98hc. CD98hc regulates adhesion-induced intracellular signal transduction via integrins, thereby, affecting cell proliferation and clonal expansion. Disruption of CD98hc led to embryonic lethality in mice (E 3.5 and E 9.5) and CD98hc −/− embryonic stem cell transplantation failed to form teratomas, while CD98hc over-expression in somatic cells resulted in anchorage-independent growth. However, it is unclear whether interference with CD98hc expression tumor cell behavior. Methods Renal cell cancer cell lines have been used to determine the effect of CD98hc expression on cancer cell behavior using cell adhesion, cell trans-migration and cell spreading assays. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to study the rate of apoptosis after detachment or serum starvation. shRNA-lentiviral constructs were used to stably knockdown or reconstitute full length or mutated CD98hc. The role of CD98 as a promotor of tumorigenesis was evaluated using an in in vivo tumor transplantation animal model. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze cell proliferation and CD98 expression in tumors. Results This report shows that CD98hc silencing in clear cell renal cancer cells reverts certain characteristics of tumorigenesis, including cell spreading, migration, proliferation and survival in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Acquisition of tumorigenic characteristics in clear cell renal cancer cells occurred through the integrin binding domain of CD98hc. A CD98hc/integrin interaction was required for adhesion-induced sustained FAK phosphorylation and activation of the major downstream signaling pathways PI3k/Akt and MEK/ERK, while overexpression of a constitutive active form of FAK rescued the CD98hc deficiency. Conclusions In this study we demonstrate that loss of CD98hc blocks tumorigenic potential in renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Witherden DA, Havran WL. Cross-talk between intraepithelial γδ T cells and epithelial cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:69-76. [PMID: 23620015 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0213101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial γδ T cells play pivotal roles in homeostasis, tissue repair, inflammation, and protection from malignancy. In some tissues, γδ T cells are the only resident T cell population, whereas in others, they coexist with αβ T cells and other lymphocyte populations. γδ T cell function in the epithelium requires constant communication between cells in the form of cell-to-cell contacts and cell-to-matrix interactions. These interactions coordinate with the timely production of specific cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and glycosaminoglycans, which have specialized effects on neighboring epithelial cells. Antigens that activate these T cells are not well-defined, and they do not express classic costimulatory or coreceptor molecules. As such, an understanding of the mechanisms used by epithelial γδ T cells to maintain homeostasis and facilitate wound repair has necessitated the identification of novel molecular interactions between γδ T cells and their neighboring epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Witherden
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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31
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Boulter E, Estrach S, Errante A, Pons C, Cailleteau L, Tissot F, Meneguzzi G, Féral CC. CD98hc ( SLC3A2) regulation of skin homeostasis wanes with age. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2013. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb2002oia5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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