1
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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2
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Tsai JM, Nowak RP, Ebert BL, Fischer ES. Targeted protein degradation: from mechanisms to clinic. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00729-9. [PMID: 38684868 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation refers to the use of small molecules to induce the selective degradation of proteins. In its most common form, this degradation is achieved through ligand-mediated neo-interactions between ubiquitin E3 ligases - the principal waste disposal machines of a cell - and the protein targets of interest, resulting in ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Notable advances have been made in biological and mechanistic understanding of serendipitously discovered degraders. This improved understanding and novel chemistry has not only provided clinical proof of concept for targeted protein degradation but has also led to rapid growth of the field, with dozens of investigational drugs in active clinical trials. Two distinct classes of protein degradation therapeutics are being widely explored: bifunctional PROTACs and molecular glue degraders, both of which have their unique advantages and challenges. Here, we review the current landscape of targeted protein degradation approaches and how they have parallels in biological processes. We also outline the ongoing clinical exploration of novel degraders and provide some perspectives on the directions the field might take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Tsai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Structural Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Bercier P, de Thé H. History of Developing Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treatment and Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1351. [PMID: 38611029 PMCID: PMC11011038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The story of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) discovery, physiopathology, and treatment is a unique journey, transforming the most aggressive form of leukemia to the most curable. It followed an empirical route fueled by clinical breakthroughs driving major advances in biochemistry and cell biology, including the discovery of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and their central role in APL physiopathology. Beyond APL, PML NBs have emerged as key players in a wide variety of biological functions, including tumor-suppression and SUMO-initiated protein degradation, underscoring their broad importance. The APL story is an example of how clinical observations led to the incremental development of the first targeted leukemia therapy. The understanding of APL pathogenesis and the basis for cure now opens new insights in the treatment of other diseases, especially other acute myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bercier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France;
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France;
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Hôpital St Louis, AP/HP, 75010 Paris, France
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4
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Kowald L, Roedig J, Karlowitz R, Wagner K, Smith S, Juretschke T, Beli P, Müller S, van Wijk SJL. USP22 regulates APL differentiation via PML-RARα stabilization and IFN repression. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:128. [PMID: 38467608 PMCID: PMC10928094 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that underlies tumorigenicity, proliferation, cell death and differentiation through deubiquitination of histone and non-histone targets. Ubiquitination determines stability, localization and functions of cell fate proteins and controls cell-protective signaling pathways to surveil cell cycle progression. In a variety of carcinomas, lymphomas and leukemias, ubiquitination regulates the tumor-suppressive functions of the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), but PML-specific DUBs, DUB-controlled PML ubiquitin sites and the functional consequences of PML (de)ubiquitination remain unclear. Here, we identify USP22 as regulator of PML and the oncogenic acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) fusion PML-RARα protein stability and identify a destabilizing role of PML residue K394. Additionally, loss of USP22 upregulates interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in APL and induces PML-RARα stabilization and a potentiation of the cell-autonomous sensitivity towards all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated differentiation. Our findings imply USP22-dependent surveillance of PML-RARα stability and IFN signaling as important regulator of APL pathogenesis, with implications for viral mimicry, differentiation and cell fate regulation in other leukemia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kowald
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebekka Karlowitz
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristina Wagner
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBCII), Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Smith
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Juretschke
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBCII), Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Cancer Centre Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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5
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Yoon H, Rutter JC, Li YD, Ebert BL. Induced protein degradation for therapeutics: past, present, and future. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175265. [PMID: 38165043 PMCID: PMC10760958 DOI: 10.1172/jci175265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of induced protein degradation by small molecules has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy that is particularly effective in targeting proteins previously considered "undruggable." Thalidomide analogs, employed in the treatment of multiple myeloma, stand as prime examples. These compounds serve as molecular glues, redirecting the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase to degrade myeloma-dependency factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3. The clinical success of thalidomide analogs demonstrates the therapeutic potential of induced protein degradation. Beyond molecular glue degraders, several additional modalities to trigger protein degradation have been developed and are currently under clinical evaluation. These include heterobifunctional degraders, polymerization-induced degradation, ligand-dependent degradation of nuclear hormone receptors, disruption of protein interactions, and various other strategies. In this Review, we will provide a concise overview of various degradation modalities, their clinical applications, and potential future directions in the field of protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojong Yoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justine C. Rutter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yen-Der Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Tsai JM, Aguirre JD, Li YD, Brown J, Focht V, Kater L, Kempf G, Sandoval B, Schmitt S, Rutter JC, Galli P, Sandate CR, Cutler JA, Zou C, Donovan KA, Lumpkin RJ, Cavadini S, Park PMC, Sievers Q, Hatton C, Ener E, Regalado BD, Sperling MT, Słabicki M, Kim J, Zon R, Zhang Z, Miller PG, Belizaire R, Sperling AS, Fischer ES, Irizarry R, Armstrong SA, Thomä NH, Ebert BL. UBR5 forms ligand-dependent complexes on chromatin to regulate nuclear hormone receptor stability. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2753-2767.e10. [PMID: 37478846 PMCID: PMC11134608 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-binding transcription factors that are widely targeted therapeutically. Agonist binding triggers NR activation and subsequent degradation by unknown ligand-dependent ubiquitin ligase machinery. NR degradation is critical for therapeutic efficacy in malignancies that are driven by retinoic acid and estrogen receptors. Here, we demonstrate the ubiquitin ligase UBR5 drives degradation of multiple agonist-bound NRs, including the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRA), glucocorticoid, estrogen, liver-X, progesterone, and vitamin D receptors. We present the high-resolution cryo-EMstructure of full-length human UBR5 and a negative stain model representing its interaction with RARA/RXRA. Agonist ligands induce sequential, mutually exclusive recruitment of nuclear coactivators (NCOAs) and UBR5 to chromatin to regulate transcriptional networks. Other pharmacological ligands such as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) degrade their receptors through differential recruitment of UBR5 or RNF111. We establish the UBR5 transcriptional regulatory hub as a common mediator and regulator of NR-induced transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob D Aguirre
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Der Li
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jared Brown
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Focht
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kater
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kempf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brittany Sandoval
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Schmitt
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pius Galli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Colby R Sandate
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jevon A Cutler
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Zou
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Lumpkin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Cavadini
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul M C Park
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Quinlan Sievers
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charlie Hatton
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ener
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon D Regalado
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Micah T Sperling
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Zon
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter G Miller
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger Belizaire
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Sperling
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael Irizarry
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas H Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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DiKun KM, Gudas LJ. Vitamin A and retinoid signaling in the kidneys. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108481. [PMID: 37331524 PMCID: PMC10528136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA, retinol) and its metabolites (commonly called retinoids) are required for the proper development of the kidney during embryogenesis, but retinoids also play key roles in the function and repair of the kidney in adults. Kidneys filter 180-200 liters of blood per day and each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, which are often referred to as the 'functional units' of the kidney. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus and a series of tubules (proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct) surrounded by a network of capillaries. VA is stored in the liver and converted to active metabolites, most notably retinoic acid (RA), which acts as an agonist for the retinoic acid receptors ((RARs α, β, and γ) to regulate gene transcription. In this review we discuss some of the actions of retinoids in the kidney after injury. For example, in an ischemia-reperfusion model in mice, injury-associated loss of proximal tubule (PT) differentiation markers occurs, followed by re-expression of these differentiation markers during PT repair. Notably, healthy proximal tubules express ALDH1a2, the enzyme that metabolizes retinaldehyde to RA, but transiently lose ALDH1a2 expression after injury, while nearby myofibroblasts transiently acquire RA-producing capabilities after injury. These results indicate that RA is important for renal tubular injury repair and that compensatory mechanisms exist for the generation of endogenous RA by other cell types upon proximal tubule injury. ALDH1a2 levels also increase in podocytes, epithelial cells of the glomeruli, after injury, and RA promotes podocyte differentiation. We also review the ability of exogenous, pharmacological doses of RA and receptor selective retinoids to treat numerous kidney diseases, including kidney cancer and diabetic kidney disease, and the emerging genetic evidence for the importance of retinoids and their receptors in maintaining or restoring kidney function after injury. In general, RA has a protective effect on the kidney after various types of injuries (eg. ischemia, cytotoxic actions of chemicals, hyperglycemia related to diabetes). As more research into the actions of each of the three RARs in the kidney is carried out, a greater understanding of the actions of vitamin A is likely to lead to new insights into the pathology of kidney disorders and the development of new therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta M DiKun
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Nagai Y, Ambinder AJ. The Promise of Retinoids in the Treatment of Cancer: Neither Burnt Out Nor Fading Away. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3535. [PMID: 37509198 PMCID: PMC10377082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has become a highly curable malignancy, especially in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO). ATRA's success has deepened our understanding of the role of the RARα pathway in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and it has influenced a generation of cancer drug development. Retinoids have also demonstrated some efficacy in a handful of other disease entities, including as a maintenance therapy for neuroblastoma and in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; nevertheless, the promise of retinoids as a differentiating therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) more broadly, and as a cancer preventative, have largely gone unfulfilled. Recent research into the mechanisms of ATRA resistance and the biomarkers of RARα pathway dysregulation in AML have reinvigorated efforts to successfully deploy retinoid therapy in a broader subset of myeloid malignancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that the bone marrow environment is highly protected from exogenous ATRA via local homeostasis controlled by stromal cells expressing CYP26, a key enzyme responsible for ATRA inactivation. Synthetic CYP26-resistant retinoids such as tamibarotene bypass this stromal protection and have shown superior anti-leukemic effects. Furthermore, recent super-enhancer (SE) analysis has identified a novel AML subgroup characterized by high expression of RARα through strong SE levels in the gene locus and increased sensitivity to tamibarotene. Combined with a hypomethylating agent, synthetic retinoids have shown synergistic anti-leukemic effects in non-APL AML preclinical models and are now being studied in phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nagai
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Alexander J Ambinder
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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9
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Korsos V, Miller WH. How retinoic acid and arsenic transformed acute promyelocytic leukemia therapy. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:T69-T83. [PMID: 36112505 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with severe coagulopathy leading to rapid morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The definitive diagnosis of APL is made by identifying a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. This t(15;17) results in a fusion transcript of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes and the expression of a functional PML/RARA protein. Detection of a fused PML/RARA genomic DNA sequence using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or by detection of the PML/RARA fusion transcript via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has revolutionized the diagnosis and monitoring of APL. Once confirmed, APL is cured in over 90% of cases, making it the most curable subtype of acute leukemia today. Patients with low-risk APL are successfully treated using a chemotherapy-free combination of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATO). In this review, we explore the work that has gone into the modern-day diagnosis and highly successful treatment of this once devastating leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Korsos
- Division of Hematology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Co-targeting leukemia-initiating cells and leukemia bulk leads to disease eradication. Leukemia 2022; 36:1306-1312. [PMID: 35246604 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to a hierarchical model, targeting leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) was speculated to achieve complete remission (CR) or cure. Nonetheless, increasing evidence emphasized the plasticity of differentiated blasts undergoing interconversion into LICs. We exploited murine models of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia driven by the promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor (PML-RARα) oncofusion protein, which recruits histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing complexes. We studied APLs with different LIC frequencies and investigated the effect of two HDAC inhibitors: valproic acid (VPA), with relative selectivity towards class I HDAC enzymes and vorinostat/suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (pan-HDAC inhibitor) in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), on the bulk APL cells and APL LICs. Indeed, we found that while VPA differentiates the bulk APL cells, SAHA selectively targets LICs. ATRA + VPA + SAHA combination efficiently induced CR in an APL model with lower LIC frequency. Substituting ATRA with synthetic retinoids as etretinate which promotes APL differentiation without downregulating PML/RARα compromised the therapeutic benefit of ATRA + VPA + SAHA regimen. Altogether, our study emphasizes the therapeutic power of co-targeting the plasticity and heterogeneity of cancer -herein demonstrated by tackling LICs and bulk leukemic blasts - to achieve and maintain CR.
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11
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Zhang M, Wang LF, Xu X, Du Y, Li L, Deng G, Feng Y, Ou Z, Wang K, Xu Y, Peng X, Chen F. The role of E2A in ATPR-induced cell differentiation and cycle arrest in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1128-1143. [PMID: 35001521 PMCID: PMC8831953 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous disease with an overall poor prognosis; thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Our previous studies showed that 4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate (ATPR), a new derivative of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), could induce AML cell differentiation and cycle arrest. The current study aimed to determine the potential pharmacological mechanisms of ATPR therapies against AML. Our findings showed that E2A was overexpressed in AML specimens and cell lines, and mediate AML development by inactivating the P53 pathway. The findings indicated that E2A expression and activity decreased with ATPR treatment. Furthermore, we determined that E2A inhibition could enhance the effect of ATPR-induced AML cell differentiation and cycle arrest, whereas E2A overexpression could reverse this effect, suggesting that the E2A gene plays a crucial role in AML. We identified P53 and c-Myc were downstream pathways and targets for silencing E2A cells using RNA sequencing, which are involved in the progression of AML. Taken together, these results confirmed that ATPR inhibited the expression of E2A/c-Myc, which led to the activation of the P53 pathway, and induced cell differentiation and cycle arrest in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiju Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Deng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubin Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziyao Ou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yayun Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feihu Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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Kukkula A, Ojala VK, Mendez LM, Sistonen L, Elenius K, Sundvall M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the SUMO Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4402. [PMID: 34503213 PMCID: PMC8431684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, characterized more than 20 years ago, that regulates protein function at multiple levels. Key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are SUMO substrates. In addition to alterations in SUMO pathway activity due to conditions typically present in cancer, such as hypoxia, the SUMO machinery components are deregulated at the genomic level in cancer. The delicate balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is regulated by SENP enzymes possessing SUMO-deconjugation activity. Dysregulation of SUMO machinery components can disrupt the balance of SUMOylation, contributing to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers in a context-dependent manner. Many molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of specific cancers involve SUMO, highlighting the potential relevance of SUMO machinery components as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation and deSUMOylation permit evaluation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the SUMO pathway in cancer. Finally, the first drug inhibiting SUMO pathway, TAK-981, is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Intriguingly, the inhibition of SUMOylation may also have the potential to activate the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we comprehensively and systematically review the recent developments in understanding the role of SUMOylation in cancer and specifically focus on elaborating the scientific rationale of targeting the SUMO pathway in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
| | - Veera K. Ojala
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Lourdes M. Mendez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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13
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Retinoids in hematology: a timely revival? Blood 2021; 137:2429-2437. [PMID: 33651885 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptors (RARA, RARB, and RARG) are ligand-regulated nuclear receptors that act as transcriptional switches. These master genes drew significant interest in the 1990s because of their key roles in embryogenesis and involvement in a rare malignancy, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), in which the RARA (and very rarely, RARG or RARB) genes are rearranged, underscoring the central role of deregulated retinoid signaling in leukemogenesis. Several recent provocative observations have revived interest in the roles of retinoids in non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as in normal hematopoietic differentiation. We review the role of retinoids in hematopoiesis, as well as in the treatment of non-APL AMLs. From this perspective, broader uses of retinoids in the management of hematopoietic tumors are discussed.
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14
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Tan Y, Wang X, Song H, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Li S, Jin W, Chen S, Fang H, Chen Z, Wang K. A PML/RARα direct target atlas redefines transcriptional deregulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2021; 137:1503-1516. [PMID: 32854112 PMCID: PMC7976511 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional deregulation initiated by oncogenic fusion proteins plays a vital role in leukemia. The prevailing view is that the oncogenic fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-α (PML/RARα), generated by the chromosome translocation t(15;17), functions as a transcriptional repressor in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Here, we provide rich evidence of how PML/RARα drives oncogenesis through both repressive and activating functions, particularly the importance of the newly identified activation role for the leukemogenesis of APL. The activating function of PML/RARα is achieved by recruiting both abundant P300 and HDAC1 and by the formation of super-enhancers. All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, 2 widely used drugs in APL therapy, exert synergistic effects on controlling super-enhancer-associated PML/RARα-regulated targets in APL cells. We use a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate that PML/RARα-activated target gene GFI1 is necessary for the maintenance of APL cells and that PML/RARα, likely oligomerized, transactivates GFI1 through chromatin conformation at the super-enhancer region. Finally, we profile GFI1 targets and reveal the interplay between GFI1 and PML/RARα on chromatin in coregulating target genes. Our study provides genomic insight into the dual role of fusion transcription factors in transcriptional deregulation to drive leukemia development, highlighting the importance of globally dissecting regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Huan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Shufen Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Lewis AC, Kats LM. Non-genetic heterogeneity, altered cell fate and differentiation therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12670. [PMID: 33555144 PMCID: PMC7933953 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered capacity for self‐renewal and differentiation is a hallmark of cancer, and many tumors are composed of cells with a developmentally immature phenotype. Among the malignancies where processes that govern cell fate decisions have been studied most extensively is acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a disease characterized by the presence of large numbers of “blasts” that resemble myeloid progenitors. Classically, the defining properties of AML cells were said to be aberrant self‐renewal and a block of differentiation, and the term “differentiation therapy” was coined to describe drugs that promote the maturation of leukemic blasts. Notionally however, the simplistic view that such agents “unblock” differentiation is at odds with the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis that posits that tumors are hierarchically organized and that CSCs, which underpin cancer growth, retain the capacity to progress to a developmentally more mature state. Herein, we will review recent developments that are providing unprecedented insights into non‐genetic heterogeneity both at steady state and in response to treatment, and propose a new conceptual framework for therapies that aim to alter cell fate decisions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lev M Kats
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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IGFBP7 activates retinoid acid-induced responses in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells. Blood Adv 2020; 4:6368-6383. [PMID: 33351133 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with low doses of arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy leads to exceptionally high cure rates (>90%). ATRA forces APL cells into differentiation and cell death. Unfortunately, ATRA-based therapy has not been effective among any other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype, and long-term survival rates remain unacceptably low; only 30% of AML patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Here, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as part of ATRA-induced responses in APL cells. Most importantly, we observed that addition of recombinant human IGFBP7 (rhIGFBP7) increased ATRA-driven responses in a subset of non-APL AML samples: those with high RARA expression. In nonpromyelocytic AML, rhIGFBP7 treatment induced a transcriptional program that sensitized AML cells for ATRA-induced differentiation, cell death, and inhibition of leukemic stem/progenitor cell survival. Furthermore, the engraftment of primary AML in mice was significantly reduced following treatment with the combination of rhIGFBP7 and ATRA. Mechanistically, we showed that the synergism of ATRA and rhIGFBP7 is due, at least in part, to reduction of the transcription factor GFI1. Together, these results suggest a potential clinical utility of IGFBP7 and ATRA combination treatment to eliminate primary AML (leukemic stem/progenitor) cells and reduce relapse in AML patients.
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17
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Jiang S, Fagman JB, Chen C, Alberti S, Liu B. Protein phase separation and its role in tumorigenesis. eLife 2020; 9:60264. [PMID: 33138914 PMCID: PMC7609067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, but the precise pathological mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated. In recent years, condensates formed by phase separation have emerged as a new principle governing the organization and functional regulation of cells. Increasing evidence links cancer-related mutations to aberrantly altered condensate assembly, suggesting that condensates play a key role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress on the formation, regulation, and function of condensates. Special emphasis is given to emerging evidence regarding the link between condensates and the initiation and progression of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changyan Chen
- Department of Oncology at the Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Large-scale cell-based screening, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Nguyen CH, Grandits AM, Purton LE, Sill H, Wieser R. All-trans retinoic acid in non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia: driver lesion dependent effects on leukemic stem cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2573-2588. [PMID: 32900260 PMCID: PMC7644151 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1810402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive, often fatal hematopoietic malignancy. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), one of the first molecularly targeted drugs in oncology, has greatly improved the outcome of a subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In contrast, atRA has so far provided little therapeutic benefit in the much larger group of patients with non-APL AML. Attempts to identify genetically or molecularly defined subgroups of patients that may respond to atRA have not yielded consistent results. Since AML is a stem cell-driven disease, understanding the effectiveness of atRA may require an appreciation of its impact on AML stem cells. Recent studies reported that atRA decreased stemness of AML with an FLT3-ITD mutation, yet increased it in AML1-ETO driven or EVI1-overexpressing AML. This review summarizes the role of atRA in normal hematopoiesis and in AML, focusing on its impact on AML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H Nguyen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander M Grandits
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Louise E Purton
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center , Vienna, Austria
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19
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McKenzie MD, Ghisi M, Oxley EP, Ngo S, Cimmino L, Esnault C, Liu R, Salmon JM, Bell CC, Ahmed N, Erlichster M, Witkowski MT, Liu GJ, Chopin M, Dakic A, Simankowicz E, Pomilio G, Vu T, Krsmanovic P, Su S, Tian L, Baldwin TM, Zalcenstein DA, DiRago L, Wang S, Metcalf D, Johnstone RW, Croker BA, Lancaster GI, Murphy AJ, Naik SH, Nutt SL, Pospisil V, Schroeder T, Wall M, Dawson MA, Wei AH, de Thé H, Ritchie ME, Zuber J, Dickins RA. Interconversion between Tumorigenic and Differentiated States in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:258-272.e9. [PMID: 31374198 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are composed of phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cells that often resemble various differentiation states of their lineage of origin. Within this hierarchy, it is thought that an immature subpopulation of tumor-propagating cancer stem cells (CSCs) differentiates into non-tumorigenic progeny, providing a rationale for therapeutic strategies that specifically eradicate CSCs or induce their differentiation. The clinical success of these approaches depends on CSC differentiation being unidirectional rather than reversible, yet this question remains unresolved even in prototypically hierarchical malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show in murine and human models of AML that, upon perturbation of endogenous expression of the lineage-determining transcription factor PU.1 or withdrawal of established differentiation therapies, some mature leukemia cells can de-differentiate and reacquire clonogenic and leukemogenic properties. Our results reveal plasticity of CSC maturation in AML, highlighting the need to therapeutically eradicate cancer cells across a range of differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D McKenzie
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Margherita Ghisi
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ethan P Oxley
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Ngo
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cécile Esnault
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica M Salmon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles C Bell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nouraiz Ahmed
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Erlichster
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grace J Liu
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dakic
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emilia Simankowicz
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tina Vu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pavle Krsmanovic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology and Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shian Su
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniela A Zalcenstein
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vitek Pospisil
- Institute of Pathological Physiology and Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Campus Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ross A Dickins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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20
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Efficacy of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Overexpression of EVI1. Oncol Ther 2020; 7:121-130. [PMID: 32699982 PMCID: PMC7359977 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-019-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction EVI1 (MECOM)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have shown in vitro sensitivity to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) by inducing differentiation, cell death, and decreased leukemic engraftment. Methods In this pilot study, we investigated the response to ATRA in 13 high-risk AML patients with overexpression of EVI1. Results Seven of the 13 patients (53.8%) achieved complete remission (CR), and response can be combined with a decreased of the leukemia stem cell pool. Conclusion These primary results tend to confirm in vitro results and suggest that addition of ATRA might be of benefit in the treatment of patients with EVI1-positive AML.
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21
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Maimaitiyiming Y, Zhu HH, Yang C, Naranmandura H. Biotransformation of arsenic trioxide by AS3MT favors eradication of acute promyelocytic leukemia: revealing the hidden facts. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:425-437. [PMID: 32677488 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1791173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is one of the most effective drugs for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It could specifically target the PML/RARα fusion oncoprotein stability and induces APL cell differentiation as well as apoptosis. Although many studies have been conducted to document the anticancer effects and mechanism of ATO, there is little information about the association between biotransformation of ATO to active arsenic metabolites and APL therapy. Generally, ATO can be rapidly converted into trivalent methylated metabolites by arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) mostly in liver and redistributed to bloodstream of APL patients who receiving ATO treatment, thereby leading to a balance between cytotoxicity and differentiation, which is proposed to be the key event in successful treatment of APL. In this review, we comprehensively discussed possible roles of AS3MT and methylated arsenic metabolites in APL therapy, so as to reveal the association between individual differences of AS3MT expression and activity with the therapeutic efficacy of ATO in APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Ravasio R, Ceccacci E, Nicosia L, Hosseini A, Rossi PL, Barozzi I, Fornasari L, Zuffo RD, Valente S, Fioravanti R, Mercurio C, Varasi M, Mattevi A, Mai A, Pavesi G, Bonaldi T, Minucci S. Targeting the scaffolding role of LSD1 (KDM1A) poises acute myeloid leukemia cells for retinoic acid-induced differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax2746. [PMID: 32284990 PMCID: PMC7141832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The histone demethylase LSD1 is deregulated in several tumors, including leukemias, providing the rationale for the clinical use of LSD1 inhibitors. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), pharmacological doses of retinoic acid (RA) induce differentiation of APL cells, triggering degradation of the PML-RAR oncogene. APL cells are resistant to LSD1 inhibition or knockout, but targeting LSD1 sensitizes them to physiological doses of RA without altering of PML-RAR levels, and extends survival of leukemic mice upon RA treatment. The combination of RA with LSD1 inhibition (or knockout) is also effective in other non-APL, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Nonenzymatic activities of LSD1 are essential to block differentiation, while RA with targeting of LSD1 releases a differentiation gene expression program, not strictly dependent on changes in histone H3K4 methylation. Integration of proteomic/epigenomic/mutational studies showed that LSD1 inhibitors alter the recruitment of LSD1-containing complexes to chromatin, inhibiting the interaction between LSD1 and the transcription factor GFI1.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Catalysis
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Histone Demethylases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Histone Demethylases/genetics
- Histone Demethylases/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ravasio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccacci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Luciano Nicosia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Amir Hosseini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Rossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W12, UK
| | - Lorenzo Fornasari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
- EryDel SpA, Via Meucci 3, 20091 Bresso (MI), Italy
| | - Roberto Dal Zuffo
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- New Drugs Program, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan 20139, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Jimenez JJ, Chale RS, Abad AC, Schally AV. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): a review of the literature. Oncotarget 2020; 11:992-1003. [PMID: 32215187 PMCID: PMC7082115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is characterized by a block in differentiation where leukemic cells are halted at the promyelocyte stage. A characteristic balanced chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 t (15;17) (q24; q21) is seen in 95% of cases — the translocation results in the formation of the PML-RARA fusion protein. The introduction of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been responsible for initially remarkable cure rates. However, relapsed APL, particularly in the high-risk subset of patients, remains an important clinical problem. In addition, despite the success of ATRA & ATO, many clinicians still elect to use cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of APL. Patients who become resistant to ATO have an increased risk of mortality. The probability of relapse is significantly higher in the high-risk subset of patients undergoing treatment for APL; overall approximately 10-20% of APL patients relapse regardless of their risk stratification. Furthermore, 20-25% of patients undergoing treatment will develop differentiation syndrome, a common side effect of differentiation agents. Recent evidence using in vitro models has shown that mutations in the B2 domain of the PML protein, mediate arsenic resistance. Alternative agents and approaches considering these clinical outcomes are needed to address ATO resistance as well as the relapse rate in high risk APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin J Jimenez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder S Chale
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea C Abad
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Paubelle E, Zylbersztejn F, Maciel TT, Carvalho C, Mupo A, Cheok M, Lieben L, Sujobert P, Decroocq J, Yokoyama A, Asnafi V, Macintyre E, Tamburini J, Bardet V, Castaigne S, Preudhomme C, Dombret H, Carmeliet G, Bouscary D, Ginzburg YZ, de Thé H, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC, Vassiliou GS, Hermine O, Moura IC. Vitamin D Receptor Controls Cell Stemness in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Normal Bone Marrow. Cell Rep 2020; 30:739-754.e4. [PMID: 31968250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is a known differentiating agent, but the role of VD receptor (VDR) is still incompletely described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whose treatment is based mostly on antimitotic chemotherapy. Here, we present an unexpected role of VDR in normal hematopoiesis and in leukemogenesis. Limited VDR expression is associated with impaired myeloid progenitor differentiation and is a new prognostic factor in AML. In mice, the lack of Vdr results in increased numbers of hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells and quiescent hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, malignant transformation of Vdr-/- cells results in myeloid differentiation block and increases self-renewal. Vdr promoter is methylated in AML as in CD34+ cells, and demethylating agents induce VDR expression. Association of VDR agonists with hypomethylating agents promotes leukemia stem cell exhaustion and decreases tumor burden in AML mouse models. Thus, Vdr functions as a regulator of stem cell homeostasis and leukemic propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Paubelle
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Clinical Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Florence Zylbersztejn
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thiago Trovati Maciel
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Carvalho
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Mupo
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Meyling Cheok
- Centre of Research Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM UMR 837, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Liesbet Lieben
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sujobert
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immuno-Hématologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, INSERM U1016 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Justine Decroocq
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Department of Biological Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Department of Biological Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immuno-Hématologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, INSERM U1016 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bardet
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Castaigne
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Mignot, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Centre of Research Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM UMR 837, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Department of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Didier Bouscary
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immuno-Hématologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, INSERM U1016 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Yelena Z Ginzburg
- Erythropoiesis Laboratory, LFKRI, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hughes de Thé
- Molecular Virology and Pathology, INSERM UMR 944, 75010 Paris, France; Molecular Virology and Pathology, CNRS 7212, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marc Benhamou
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Clinical Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Ivan C Moura
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, 75015 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Orfali N, O'Donovan TR, Cahill MR, Benjamin D, Nanus DM, McKenna SL, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced TFEB expression is required for myeloid differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Eur J Haematol 2020; 104:236-250. [PMID: 31811682 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), normal retinoid signaling is disrupted by an abnormal PML-RARα fusion oncoprotein, leading to a block in cell differentiation. Therapeutic concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) can restore retinoid-induced transcription and promote degradation of the PML-RARα protein. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that utilizes lysosomal machinery to degrade intracellular material and facilitate cellular re-modeling. Recent studies have identified autophagy as an integral component of ATRA-induced myeloid differentiation. METHODS As the molecular communication between retinoid signaling and the autophagy pathway is not defined, we performed RNA sequencing of NB4 APL cells treated with ATRA and examined autophagy-related transcripts. RESULTS ATRA altered the expression of >80 known autophagy-related transcripts, including the key transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, TFEB (11.5-fold increase). Induction of TFEB and its transcriptional target, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62), is reduced in ATRA-resistant NB4R cells compared to NB4 cells. TFEB knockdown in NB4 cells alters the expression of transcriptional targets of TFEB and reduces CD11b transcript levels in response to ATRA. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that TFEB plays an important role in ATRA-induced autophagy during myeloid differentiation and that autophagy induction potentiates leukemic cell differentiation (Note: this study includes data obtained from NCT00195156, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00195156).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Orfali
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dalyia Benjamin
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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26
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Rodriguez V, Bailey R, Larion M, Gilbert MR. Retinoid receptor turnover mediated by sumoylation, ubiquitination and the valosin-containing protein is disrupted in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16250. [PMID: 31700049 PMCID: PMC6838077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic use of retinoids in glioma has been observed for over 20 years; however, the exact mechanism of resistance remains unknown. To understand retinoic acid resistance in glioma, we studied the turnover mechanism of retinoid receptor proteins in neural stem cells and glioma stem-like cells. Here, we show that in normal neural stem cells, proteasomal degradation of retinoid receptors involves sumoylation, ubiquitination and recognition by the valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97/Cdc48). We find that Sumo1 modification has a dual role to stabilize the retinoid receptor from unwanted degradation and signal additional modification via ubiquitination. Subsequently, the modified receptor binds to the VCP chaperone and both proteins are degraded by the proteasome. Additionally, we reveal that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces VCP expression, creating a positive feedback loop that enhances degradation. In contrast, the pathway is impaired in the glioma stem-like cells resulting in the accumulation of sumoylated and high molecular weight forms of retinoid receptors that lack transcriptional activity and fail to be recognized by the proteasome. Moreover, modified receptor accumulation occurs before ATRA treatment; therefore, the transcritptional defect in glioma is due to a block in the proteasomal degradation pathway that occurs after the sumo modification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Rodriguez
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Rolanda Bailey
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Fukuoka T, Kawai A, Takahara T, Mori M, Roeder RG, Hasegawa N, Ito M. PML-RARα induces all-trans retinoic acid-dependent transcriptional activation through interaction with MED1. Transcription 2019; 10:147-156. [PMID: 31135261 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2019.1624467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional activation by PML-RARα, an acute promyelocytic leukemia-related oncofusion protein, requires pharmacological concentrations of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). However, the mechanism by which the liganded PML-RARα complex leads to the formation of the preinitiation complex has been unidentified. Here we demonstrate that the Mediator subunit MED1 plays an important role in the ATRA-dependent activation of the PML-RARα-bound promoter. Luciferase reporter assays showed that PML-RARα induced significant transcription at pharmacological doses (1 μM) of ATRA; however, this was submaximal and equivalent to the level of transcription driven by intact RARα at physiological doses (1 nM) of ATRA. Transcription depended upon the interaction of PML-RARα with the two LxxLL nuclear receptor recognition motifs of MED1, and LxxLL→LxxAA mutations led to minimal transcription. Mechanistically, MED1 interacted ATRA-dependently with the RARα portion of PML-RARα through the two LxxLL motifs of MED1. These results suggest that PML-RARα initiates ATRA-induced transcription through its interaction with MED1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Fukuoka
- a Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics , Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan
| | - Asami Kawai
- a Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics , Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan
| | - Taku Takahara
- a Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics , Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan
| | - Mahiro Mori
- a Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics , Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan
| | - Robert G Roeder
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , the Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Natsumi Hasegawa
- a Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics , Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ito
- a Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics , Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe , Japan.,b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , the Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
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28
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Liang C, Ding M, Weng XQ, Sheng Y, Wu J, Li ZY, Cai X. Combination of enzastaurin and ATRA exerts dose-dependent dual effects on ATRA-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:906-926. [PMID: 31218101 PMCID: PMC6556610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistance continues to be a critical problem in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-relapsed patients. In this study, a clinically achievable concentration of enzastaurin synergized with ATRA to induce differentiation and apoptosis in ATRA-resistant APL cell lines, NB4-R1 and NB4-R2. Mechanistically, although enzastaurin is a protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) inhibitor, PKCβ may not be required since the activity of PKCβ was not suppressed by enzastaurin-ATRA (enz-ATRA) co-treatment, and another PKCβ-selective inhibitor did not mimic the effects of enzastaurin. An MEK inhibitor but not a RAF-1 inhibitor suppressed enz-ATRA treatment-triggered differentiation, activation of MEK/ERK and up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and/or PU.1. Therefore, RAF-1-independent MEK/ERK signaling was required for enz-ATRA treatment-induced differentiation via modulation of the protein levels of C/EBPβ and/or PU.1. Enz-ATRA treatment collapsed mitochondrial transmembrane potential without the activation of caspase-3, -6 and -7. Moreover, caspase-3/7- and caspase-6-specific inhibitors had no inhibitory effect on enz-ATRA treatment-triggered apoptosis. Therefore, enz-ATRA treatment-induced apoptosis was mitochondria-dependent but caspase-independent. Enz-ATRA treatment degraded PML-RARα, which may be involved in enz-ATRA treatment-induced dual effects and may also be beneficial for APL eradication. These findings may provide a potential therapy for ATRA-resistant APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Central Hospital of Minhang DistrictNo. 170 Xin Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiang-Qin Weng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ze-Yi Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xun Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 197 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
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Yan W, Li J, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Cheng Z, Wang J, Hu G, Liu S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Peng H, Zhang G. RNF8 is responsible for ATRA resistance in variant acute promyelocytic leukemia with GTF2I/RARA fusion, and inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway contributes to the reversion of ATRA resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:84. [PMID: 30992691 PMCID: PMC6449960 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GTF2I-RARA is a newly identified RARA fusion gene in variant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients with t(7;17)(q11;q21). Clinical manifestation in the patient showed that it is a sort of ATRA-insensitive oncogene and is different from the classic PML-RARA in terms of therapeutic reaction. Methods To reveal the functional characteristics and regulating mechanism of the GTF2I-RARA fusion gene, we established a GTF2I-RARA-transfected HL60 cell model and examined its sensitivity to ATRA by western blot, MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Wright-Giemsa staining. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy were used to examine the binding of GTF2I-RARA and transcriptional corepressors. We also performed ChIP-seq to search for potential target genes. Immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, western blot, luciferase assay, and real-time PCR were used to analyze the effects of RNF8 on RARA. Flow cytometry and Wright-Giemsa staining were used to study the effect of MG132 and ATRA on the GTF2I-RARA-transfected HL60 cell model. Result We confirmed resistance of GTF2I-RARA to ATRA. Compared with PML-RARA, GTF2I-RARA has a higher affinity to HDAC3 under ATRA treatment. Using the ChIP-sequencing approach, we identified 221 GTF2I-RARA binding sites in model cells and found that the RING finger protein 8 (RNF8) is a target gene of GTF2I-RARA. RNF8 participates in disease progression and therapy resistance in APL with the GTF2I-RARA transcript. Elevated RNF8 expression promotes the interaction between RARA and RNF8 and induces RARA Lys-48 linkage ubiquitylation and degradation, resulting in attenuated transcriptional activation of RARA. Conclusion Our results suggest that RNF8 is a key GTF2I-RARA downstream event. Using the combination of MG132 and ATRA to treat GTF2I-RARA-HL60 cells, a synergistic effect leading to GTF2I-RARA-HL60 cell differentiation was confirmed. Taken together, the targeting of RNF8 may be an alternative choice for treatment in variant APL with GTF2I-RARA fusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0803-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yan
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ji Li
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yang Zhang
- 2Department of Oncology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yafei Yin
- Department of Hematology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- 4Department of Nephrology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Guoyu Hu
- 5Department of Hematology, Zhuzhou No.1 Hospital, Zhuzhou, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Sufang Liu
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yewei Wang
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yunxiao Xu
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Hongling Peng
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, The Secong Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
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30
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FLT3-ITD impedes retinoic acid, but not arsenic, responses in murine acute promyelocytic leukemias. Blood 2019; 133:1495-1506. [PMID: 30674471 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-866095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is often associated with activating FLT3 signaling mutations. These are highly related to hyperleukocytosis, a major adverse risk factor with chemotherapy-based regimens. APL is a model for oncogene-targeted therapies: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic both target and degrade its ProMyelocytic Leukemia/Retinoic Acid Receptor α (PML/RARA) driver. The combined ATRA/arsenic regimen now cures virtually all patients with standard-risk APL. Although FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) was an adverse risk factor for historical ATRA/chemotherapy regimens, the molecular bases for this effect remain unknown. Using mouse APL models, we unexpectedly demonstrate that FLT3-ITD severely blunts ATRA response. Remarkably, although the transcriptional output of initial ATRA response is unaffected, ATRA-induced PML/RARA degradation is blunted, as is PML nuclear body reformation and activation of P53 signaling. Critically, the combination of ATRA and arsenic fully rescues therapeutic response in FLT3-ITD APLs, restoring PML/RARA degradation, PML nuclear body reformation, P53 activation, and APL eradication. Moreover, arsenic targeting of normal PML also contributes to APL response in vivo. These unexpected results explain the less favorable outcome of FLT3-ITD APLs with ATRA-based regimens, and stress the key role of PML nuclear bodies in APL eradication by the ATRA/arsenic combination.
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31
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Orfali N, Jeyapalan JN, Woodcock CL, O'Donovan TR, Benjamin D, Cahill M, McKenna S, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP. Lentiviral-Mediated shRNA Approaches: Applications in Cellular Differentiation and Autophagy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2019:33-49. [PMID: 31359387 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9585-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature white blood cell precursors in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation. In essence, leukemic cells fail to differentiate and are stalled at a particular step of hematopoietic maturation and are unable to complete their development into functional blood cells with a finite life cycle. They are thus said to possess a "differentiation block." Pharmacological override of this block is one attractive avenue of therapy, termed "differentiation therapy." The most successful example of this therapeutic strategy is the use of the physiologic retinoid all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In this chapter, we will outline the methods used to characterize the mechanisms mobilized by retinoid signaling and will use the activation of a key regulator of autophagy, ATG7, as an example of the functional characterization of a retinoid regulated gene during differentiation. We will discuss how lentiviral delivery of shRNA constructs into cultured APL cells, such as NB4, can be used to functionally deplete key proteins. We will also describe how the effect of protein knockdown on ATRA-induced differentiation and autophagy can be assessed using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Orfali
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Corinne L Woodcock
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Dalyia Benjamin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Cahill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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32
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Protein Degradation and the Pathologic Basis of Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:94-103. [PMID: 30312581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of any protein is determined by the balance of protein synthesis and protein degradation. Regulated protein degradation has emerged as a powerful means of precisely controlling individual protein abundance within cells and is largely mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By controlling the levels of key regulatory proteins, the UPS contributes to nearly every aspect of cellular function. The UPS also functions in protein quality control, rapidly identifying and destroying misfolded or otherwise aberrant proteins that may be toxic to cells. Increasingly, we understand that dysregulation of protein degradation pathways is critical for many human diseases. Conversely, the versatility and scope of the UPS provides opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will discuss the basic mechanisms of protein degradation by the UPS. We will then consider some paradigms of human disease related to protein degradation using selected examples. Finally, we will highlight several established and emerging therapeutic strategies based on altering pathways of protein degradation.
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33
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Kozono S, Lin YM, Seo HS, Pinch B, Lian X, Qiu C, Herbert MK, Chen CH, Tan L, Gao ZJ, Massefski W, Doctor ZM, Jackson BP, Chen Y, Dhe-Paganon S, Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Arsenic targets Pin1 and cooperates with retinoic acid to inhibit cancer-driving pathways and tumor-initiating cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3069. [PMID: 30093655 PMCID: PMC6085299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combination safely cures fatal acute promyelocytic leukemia, but their mechanisms of action and efficacy are not fully understood. ATRA inhibits leukemia, breast, and liver cancer by targeting isomerase Pin1, a master regulator of oncogenic signaling networks. Here we show that ATO targets Pin1 and cooperates with ATRA to exert potent anticancer activity. ATO inhibits and degrades Pin1, and suppresses its oncogenic function by noncovalent binding to Pin1's active site. ATRA increases cellular ATO uptake through upregulating aquaporin-9. ATO and ATRA, at clinically safe doses, cooperatively ablate Pin1 to block numerous cancer-driving pathways and inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells and tumor-initiating cells in cell and animal models including patient-derived orthotopic xenografts, like Pin1 knockout, which is substantiated by comprehensive protein and microRNA analyses. Thus, synergistic targeting of Pin1 by ATO and ATRA offers an attractive approach to combating breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kozono
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benika Pinch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xiaolan Lian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Megan K Herbert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ziang Jeff Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Walter Massefski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zainab M Doctor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Trace Element Analysis Lab, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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34
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Lian X, Lin YM, Kozono S, Herbert MK, Li X, Yuan X, Guo J, Guo Y, Tang M, Lin J, Huang Y, Wang B, Qiu C, Tsai CY, Xie J, Gao ZJ, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Chen Y. Pin1 inhibition exerts potent activity against acute myeloid leukemia through blocking multiple cancer-driving pathways. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:73. [PMID: 29848341 PMCID: PMC5977460 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing genomic complexity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common form of acute leukemia, poses a major challenge to its therapy. To identify potent therapeutic targets with the ability to block multiple cancer-driving pathways is thus imperative. The unique peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 has been reported to promote tumorigenesis through upregulation of numerous cancer-driving pathways. Although Pin1 is a key drug target for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) caused by a fusion oncogene, much less is known about the role of Pin1 in other heterogeneous leukemia. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of Pin1 were detected in samples from de novo leukemia patients and healthy controls using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The establishment of the lentiviral stable-expressed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system and the tetracycline-inducible shRNA system for targeting Pin1 were used to analyze the biological function of Pin1 in AML cells. The expression of cancer-related Pin1 downstream oncoproteins in shPin1 (Pin1 knockdown) and Pin1 inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treated leukemia cells were examined by western blot, followed by evaluating the effects of genetic and chemical inhibition of Pin1 in leukemia cells on transformed phenotype, including cell proliferation and colony formation ability, using trypan blue, cell counting assay, and colony formation assay in vitro, as well as the tumorigenesis ability using in vivo xenograft mouse models. Results First, we found that the expression of Pin1 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in both de novo leukemia clinical samples and multiple leukemia cell lines, compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, genetic or chemical inhibition of Pin1 in human multiple leukemia cell lines potently inhibited multiple Pin1 substrate oncoproteins and effectively suppressed leukemia cell proliferation and colony formation ability in cell culture models in vitro. Moreover, tetracycline-inducible Pin1 knockdown and slow-releasing ATRA potently inhibited tumorigenicity of U937 and HL-60 leukemia cells in xenograft mouse models. Conclusions We demonstrate that Pin1 is highly overexpressed in human AML and is a promising therapeutic target to block multiple cancer-driving pathways in AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0611-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Lian
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Megan K Herbert
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangrui Guo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Min Tang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Bixin Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jane Xie
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ziang Jeff Gao
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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35
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Noguera NI, Piredda ML, Taulli R, Catalano G, Angelini G, Gaur G, Nervi C, Voso MT, Lunardi A, Pandolfi PP, Lo-Coco F. PML/RARa inhibits PTEN expression in hematopoietic cells by competing with PU.1 transcriptional activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66386-66397. [PMID: 27626703 PMCID: PMC5341808 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocitic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the pathognomonic presence in leukemic blasts of the hybrid protein PML/RARA, that acts as a transcriptional repressor impairing the expression of genes that are critical to myeloid differentiation. Here, we show that primary blasts from APL patients express lower levels of the oncosuppressor protein PTEN, as compared to blast cells from other AML subtypes or normal bone marrow, and demonstrate that PML-RARA directly inhibits PTEN expression. We show that All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) triggers in APL cells an active chromatin status at the core regulatory region of the PTEN promoter, that allows the binding of the myeloid-regulating transcription factor PU.1, and, in turn, the transcriptional induction of PTEN. ATRA, via PML/RARA degradation, also promotes PTEN nuclear re-localization and decreases expression of the PTEN target Aurora A kinase. In conclusion, our findings support the notion that PTEN is one of the primary targets of PML/RARA in APL
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélida Inés Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Liliana Piredda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianfranco Catalano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Angelini
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Girish Gaur
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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36
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Voisset E, Moravcsik E, Stratford EW, Jaye A, Palgrave CJ, Hills RK, Salomoni P, Kogan SC, Solomon E, Grimwade D. Pml nuclear body disruption cooperates in APL pathogenesis and impairs DNA damage repair pathways in mice. Blood 2018; 131:636-648. [PMID: 29191918 PMCID: PMC5805489 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-794784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is altered nuclear architecture, with disruption of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) mediated by the PML-retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) oncoprotein. To address whether this phenomenon plays a role in disease pathogenesis, we generated a knock-in mouse model with NB disruption mediated by 2 point mutations (C62A/C65A) in the Pml RING domain. Although no leukemias developed in PmlC62A/C65A mice, these transgenic mice also expressing RARα linked to a dimerization domain (p50-RARα model) exhibited a doubling in the rate of leukemia, with a reduced latency period. Additionally, we found that response to targeted therapy with all-trans retinoic acid in vivo was dependent on NB integrity. PML-RARα is recognized to be insufficient for development of APL, requiring acquisition of cooperating mutations. We therefore investigated whether NB disruption might be mutagenic. Compared with wild-type cells, primary PmlC62A/C65A cells exhibited increased sister-chromatid exchange and chromosome abnormalities. Moreover, functional assays showed impaired homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathways, with defective localization of Brca1 and Rad51 to sites of DNA damage. These data directly demonstrate that Pml NBs are critical for DNA damage responses, and suggest that Pml NB disruption is a central contributor to APL pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- DNA Damage/genetics
- DNA End-Joining Repair/genetics
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies/genetics
- Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Voisset
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Moravcsik
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva W Stratford
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital/Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amie Jaye
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert K Hills
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott C Kogan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ellen Solomon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy emerged from the fact that hormones or cytokines may promote differentiation ex vivo, thereby irreversibly changing the phenotype of cancer cells. Its hallmark success has been the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), a condition that is now highly curable by the combination of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Recently, drugs that trigger differentiation in a variety of primary tumour cells have been identified, suggesting that they are clinically useful. This Opinion article analyses the basis for the clinical successes of RA or arsenic in APL by assessing the respective roles of terminal maturation and loss of self-renewal. By reviewing other successful examples of drug-induced tumour cell differentiation, novel approaches to transform differentiating drugs into more efficient therapies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité (INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; CNRS UMR 7212), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 75010 Paris; and Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St Louis, 75010 Paris, France
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38
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PML nuclear bodies, membrane-less domains acting as ROS sensors? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:29-34. [PMID: 29157919 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PML Nuclear bodies (PML NBs) are spherical domains associated with a broad range of activities upon stress responses such as apoptosis, senescence DNA repair, epigenetic control, as well as control of oncogenesis. These bodies are considered as privileged sites for post-translational modifications, where sumoylation plays a key role. Here we summarize recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the link between PML NBs and ROS, in particular PML contributions to oxidative stress response. We discuss how it may regulate switch from cell protection against stress to cell arrest/cell death.
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39
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de Thé H, Pandolfi PP, Chen Z. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Paradigm for Oncoprotein-Targeted Cure. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:552-560. [PMID: 29136503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the immense majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients can be definitively cured by the combination of two targeted therapies: retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Mouse models have provided unexpected insights into the mechanisms involved. Restoration of PML nuclear bodies upon RA- and/or arsenic-initiated PML/RARA degradation is essential, while RA-triggered transcriptional activation is dispensable for APL eradication. Mutations of the arsenic-binding site of PML/RARA, but also PML, have been detected in therapy-resistant patients, demonstrating the key role of PML in APL cure. PML nuclear bodies are druggable and could be harnessed in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
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40
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Schläfli AM, Isakson P, Garattini E, Simonsen A, Tschan MP. The autophagy scaffold protein ALFY is critical for the granulocytic differentiation of AML cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12980. [PMID: 29021535 PMCID: PMC5636880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy of myeloid progenitor cells that are blocked in differentiation. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare form of AML, which generally presents with a t(15;17) translocation causing expression of the fusion protein PML-RARA. Pharmacological doses of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induce granulocytic differentiation of APL cells leading to cure rates of >80% if combined with conventional chemotherapy. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway for the removal of cytoplasmic content and recycling of macromolecules. ATRA induces autophagy in ATRA-sensitive AML and APL cells and autophagy inhibition attenuates ATRA-triggered differentiation. In this study, we aimed at identifying if the autophagy-linked FYVE-domain containing protein (ALFY/WDFY3) is involved in autophagic degradation of protein aggregates contributes to ATRA therapy-induced autophagy. We found that ALFY mRNA levels increase significantly during the course of ATRA-induced differentiation of APL and AML cell lines. Importantly ALFY depletion impairs ATRA-triggered granulocytic differentiation of these cells. In agreement with its function in aggrephagy, knockdown of ALFY results in reduced ATRA-induced proteolysis. Our data further suggest that PML-RARα is an autophagy substrate degraded with the help of ALFY. In summary, we present a crucial role for ALFY in retinoid triggered maturation of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Schläfli
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Isakson
- Clinical immunology & transfusion medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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41
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Masciarelli S, Capuano E, Ottone T, Divona M, De Panfilis S, Banella C, Noguera NI, Picardi A, Fontemaggi G, Blandino G, Lo-Coco F, Fazi F. Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide sensitize acute promyelocytic leukemia cells to ER stress. Leukemia 2017; 32:285-294. [PMID: 28776567 PMCID: PMC5808088 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) in association with chemotherapy or with arsenic trioxide (ATO) results in high cure rates of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We show that RA-induced differentiation of human leukemic cell lines and primary blasts dramatically increases their sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing drugs at doses that are not toxic in the absence of RA. In addition, we demonstrate that the PERK pathway, triggered in response to ER stress, has a major protective role. Moreover, low amounts of pharmacologically induced ER stress are sufficient to strongly increase ATO toxicity. Indeed, in the presence of ER stress, ATO efficiently induced apoptosis in RA-sensitive and RA-resistant APL cell lines, at doses ineffective in the absence of ER stress. Our findings identify the ER stress-related pathways as potential targets in the search for novel therapeutic strategies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masciarelli
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Capuano
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Divona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S De Panfilis
- Centre for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - C Banella
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - N I Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A Picardi
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Rome Transplant Network, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - F Fazi
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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42
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Wei S, Yoshida N, Finn G, Kozono S, Nechama M, Kyttaris VC, Zhen Zhou X, Tsokos GC, Ping Lu K. Pin1-Targeted Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2503-13. [PMID: 27159270 DOI: 10.1002/art.39741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs in the body, but therapeutic options are still very limited and often come with adverse effects. Increasing evidence has underlined an important role of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7)/TLR-9/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1)/interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) pathway in the development and progression of SLE. Notably, the prolyl isomerase Pin1 is an essential regulator of IRAK-1 in TLR-7/TLR-9 signaling, but its role in SLE is unknown. We undertook this study to determine whether Pin1 is activated and plays any role in the development and treatment of SLE. METHODS Activation of Pin1 and TLR-7/TLR-9/IRAK-1/IRF-7 signaling was determined in various cell types among peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and SLE patients. The effects of Pin1 and TLR signaling on SLE development were determined using validated Pin1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), Pin1 genetic knockout, and the small-molecule Pin1 inhibitor all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in immune cells and in several strains of lupus-prone mice. RESULTS We found abnormal activation of Pin1 and its downstream targets IRAK-1 and IRF-7 in SLE patients. Furthermore, inhibition of Pin1 using either validated Pin1 shRNA or ATRA blocked TLR-7-induced activation of IRAK-1 and IRF-7 in SLE patient-derived immune cells. Moreover, in multiple lupus-prone animals, both Pin1 knockout and ATRA strikingly attenuated the expression of autoimmunity, including skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, and production of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and CD4-CD8- T cells, and also prolonged overall survival in MRL/lpr and B6.lpr mice. CONCLUSION Pin1 plays a critical role in the development of SLE, and Pin1-targeted therapy offers a promising new strategy for treating SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wei
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Greg Finn
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Morris Nechama
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Institute for Translational Medicine and Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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43
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All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide fail to derepress the monocytic differentiation driver Irf8 in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2782. [PMID: 28492552 PMCID: PMC5520717 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO) administration leads to granulocytic maturation and/or apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells mainly by targeting promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα). Yet, ~10–15% of APL patients are not cured by ATRA- and ATO-based therapies, and a potential failure of ATRA and ATO in completely reversing PML/RARα-driven oncogenic alterations has not been comprehensively examined. Here we characterized the in vivo primary responses of dysregulated genes in APL cells treated with ATRA and ATO using a GFP-labeled APL model. Although induced granulocytic differentiation of APL cells was evident after ATRA or ATO administration, the expression of the majority of dysregulated genes in the c-Kit+ APL progenitors was not consistently corrected. Irf8, whose expression increased along with spontaneous differentiation of the APL progenitors in vivo, represented such a PML/RARα-dysregulated gene that was refractory to ATRA/ATO signaling. Interestingly, Irf8 induction, but not its knockdown, decreased APL leukemogenic potential through driving monocytic maturation. Thus, we reveal that certain PML/RARα-dysregulated genes that are refractory to ATRA/ATO signaling are potentially crucial regulators of the immature status and leukemogenic potential of APL cells, which can be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies for ATRA/ATO-resistant APL cases.
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44
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Chemical or genetic Pin1 inhibition exerts potent anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking multiple cancer-driving pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43639. [PMID: 28262728 PMCID: PMC5337947 DOI: 10.1038/srep43639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancers with high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. A central common signaling mechanism in cancer is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is further regulated by the unique proline isomerase Pin1. Pin1 is prevalently overexpressed in human cancers including ~70% of HCC, and promotes tumorigenesis by activating multiple cancer-driving pathways. However, it was challenging to evaluate the significance of targeting Pin1 in cancer treatment until the recent identification of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a Pin1 inhibitor. Here we systematically investigate functions of Pin1 and its inhibitor ATRA in the development and treatment of HCC. Pin1 knockdown potently inhibited HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice. ATRA-induced Pin1 degradation inhibited the growth of HCC cells, although at a higher IC50 as compared with breast cancer cells, likely due to more active ATRA metabolism in liver cells. Indeed, inhibition of ATRA metabolism enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to ATRA. Moreover, slow-releasing ATRA potently and dose-dependently inhibited HCC growth in mice. Finally, chemical or genetic Pin1 ablation blocked multiple cancer-driving pathways simultaneously in HCC cells. Thus, targeting Pin1 offers a promising therapeutic approach to simultaneously stop multiple cancer-driving pathways in HCC.
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45
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Abstract
Targeted drugs have changed cancer treatment but are often ineffective in the long term against solid tumours, largely because of the activation of heterogeneous oncogenic pathways. A central common signalling mechanism in many of these pathways is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is regulated by many kinases and phosphatases. The structure and function of these phosphorylated proteins are further controlled by a single proline isomerase: PIN1. PIN1 is overactivated in cancers and it promotes cancer and cancer stem cells by disrupting the balance of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. This Review discusses the roles of PIN1 in cancer and the potential of PIN1 inhibitors to restore this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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46
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Hu S, Ueda M, Stetson L, Ignatz-Hoover J, Moreton S, Chakrabarti A, Xia Z, Karan G, de Lima M, Agrawal MK, Wald DN. A Novel Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitor Optimized for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Differentiation Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1485-1494. [PMID: 27196775 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Standard therapies used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are cytotoxic agents that target rapidly proliferating cells. Unfortunately, this therapeutic approach has limited efficacy and significant toxicity and the majority of AML patients still die of their disease. In contrast to the poor prognosis of most AML patients, most individuals with a rare subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia, can be cured by differentiation therapy using regimens containing all-trans retinoic acid. GSK3 has been previously identified as a therapeutic target in AML where its inhibition can lead to the differentiation and growth arrest of leukemic cells. Unfortunately, existing GSK3 inhibitors lead to suboptimal differentiation activity making them less useful as clinical AML differentiation agents. Here, we describe the discovery of a novel GSK3 inhibitor, GS87. GS87 was discovered in efforts to optimize GSK3 inhibition for AML differentiation activity. Despite GS87's dramatic ability to induce AML differentiation, kinase profiling reveals its high specificity in targeting GSK3 as compared with other kinases. GS87 demonstrates high efficacy in a mouse AML model system and unlike current AML therapeutics, exhibits little effect on normal bone marrow cells. GS87 induces potent differentiation by more effectively activating GSK3-dependent signaling components including MAPK signaling as compared with other GSK3 inhibitors. GS87 is a novel GSK3 inhibitor with therapeutic potential as a differentiation agent for non-promyelocytic AML. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1485-94. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hu
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University
| | | | | | | | | | - Amit Chakrabarti
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Goutam Karan
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mukesh K Agrawal
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio.,MirX Pharmaceuticals Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David N Wald
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University.,University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio.,University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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47
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Saulle E, Petronelli A, Pelosi E, Coppotelli E, Pasquini L, Ilari R, Lo-Coco F, Testa U. PML-RAR alpha induces the downmodulation of HHEX: a key event responsible for the induction of an angiogenetic response. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:33. [PMID: 27052408 PMCID: PMC4823896 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicate that angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Among the various AMLs, the bone marrow angiogenetic response is particularly pronounced in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this angiogenetic response are largely unknown. In the present study, we have explored the role of HHEX, a homeodomain transcription factor, as a possible mediator of the pro-angiogenetic response observed in APL. This transcription factor seems to represent an ideal candidate for this biologic function because it is targeted by PML-RARα, is capable of interaction with PML and PML-RARα, and acts as a regulator of the angiogenetic response. Methods We used various cellular systems of APL, including primary APL cells and leukemic cells engineered to express PML-RARα, to explore the role of the PML-RARα fusion protein on HHEX expression. Molecular and biochemical techniques have been used to investigate the mechanisms through which PML-RARα downmodulates HHEX and the functional consequences of this downmodulation at the level of the expression of various angiogenetic genes, cell proliferation and differentiation. Results Our results show that HHEX expression is clearly downmodulated in APL and that this effect is directly mediated by a repressive targeting of the HHEX gene promoter by PML-RARα. Studies carried out in primary APL cells and in a cell line model of APL with inducible PML-RARα expression directly support the view that this fusion protein through HHEX downmodulation stimulates the expression of various genes involved in angiogenesis and inhibits cell differentiation. Conclusions Our data suggest that HHEX downmodulation by PML-RARα is a key event during APL pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0262-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Saulle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petronelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Coppotelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Ilari
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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48
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Ablain J, Poirot B, Esnault C, Lehmann-Che J, de Thé H. p53 as an Effector or Inhibitor of Therapy Response. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 6:a026260. [PMID: 26637438 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although integrity of the p53 signaling pathway in a given tumor was expected to be a critical determinant of response to therapies, most clinical studies failed to link p53 status and treatment outcome. Here, we present two opposite situations: one in which p53 is an essential effector of cure by targeted leukemia therapies and another one in advanced breast cancers in which p53 inactivation is required for the clinical efficacy of dose-dense chemotherapy. If p53 promotes or blocks therapy response, therapies must be tailored on its status in individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ablain
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Poirot
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Esnault
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
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49
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are commonly deregulated in the pathogenesis of human cancer and are a major class of cancer cell dependencies. Consequently, targeting of TFs can be highly effective in treating particular malignancies, as highlighted by the clinical efficacy of agents that target nuclear hormone receptors. In this review we discuss recent advances in our understanding of TFs as drug targets in oncology, with an emphasis on the emerging chemical approaches to modulate TF function. The remarkable diversity and potency of TFs as drivers of cell transformation justifies a continued pursuit of TFs as therapeutic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S. Bhagwat
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Christopher R. Vakoc
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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50
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Orfali N, O'Donovan TR, Nyhan MJ, Britschgi A, Tschan MP, Cahill MR, Mongan NP, Gudas LJ, McKenna SL. Induction of autophagy is a key component of all-trans-retinoic acid-induced differentiation in leukemia cells and a potential target for pharmacologic modulation. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:781-93.e2. [PMID: 25986473 PMCID: PMC4948855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature blood cell precursors in the bone marrow. Pharmacologically overcoming the differentiation block in this condition is an attractive therapeutic avenue, which has achieved success only in a subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Attempts to emulate this success in other AML subtypes have thus far been unsuccessful. Autophagy is a conserved protein degradation pathway with important roles in mammalian cell differentiation, particularly within the hematopoietic system. In the study described here, we investigated the functional importance of autophagy in APL cell differentiation. We found that autophagy is increased during all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced granulocytic differentiation of the APL cell line NB4 and that this is associated with increased expression of LC3II and GATE-16 proteins involved in autophagosome formation. Autophagy inhibition, using either drugs (chloroquine/3-methyladenine) or short-hairpin RNA targeting the essential autophagy gene ATG7, attenuates myeloid differentiation. Importantly, we found that enhancing autophagy promotes ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of an ATRA-resistant derivative of the non-APL AML HL60 cell line (HL60-Diff-R). These data support the development of strategies to stimulate autophagy as a novel approach to promote differentiation in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenine/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7
- Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Chloroquine/pharmacology
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Orfali
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle J Nyhan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adrian Britschgi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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