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Liu W, Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang X, Cao X, Jiang M. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF13 Suppresses TLR Lysosomal Degradation by Promoting LAMP-1 Proteasomal Degradation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309560. [PMID: 39031743 PMCID: PMC11348240 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
As a highly organized system, endo-lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating endo-lysosome progression and subsequent inflammatory responses are not fully understood. By screening 103 E3 ubiquitin ligases in regulating endo-lysosomal acidification, it is discovered that lysosomal RNF13 inhibits lysosome maturation and promotes inflammatory responses mediated by endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in macrophages. Mechanistically, RNF13 mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination of LAMP-1 at residue K128 for proteasomal degradation. Upon TLRs activation, LAMP-1 promotes lysosomes maturation, which accelerates lysosomal degradation of TLRs and reduces TLR signaling in macrophages. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show increased RNF13 levels and decreased LAMP-1 expression. Accordingly, the immunosuppressive agent hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can increase the polyubiquitination of RNF13. Taken together, the study establishes a linkage between proteasomal and lysosomal degradation mechanisms for the induction of appropriate innate immune response, and offers a promising approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases by targeting intracellular TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of ImmunologyCenter for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005China
- Department of RheumatologyBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100730China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Department of ImmunologyCenter for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of ImmunologyCenter for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of RheumatologyBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100730China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of ImmunologyCenter for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005China
| | - Minghong Jiang
- Department of ImmunologyCenter for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005China
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Konigsberg IR, Lin NW, Liao SY, Liu C, MacPhail K, Mroz MM, Davidson E, Restrepo CI, Sharma S, Li L, Maier LA, Yang IV. Multi-omic signatures of sarcoidosis and progression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Respir Res 2024; 25:289. [PMID: 39080656 PMCID: PMC11290275 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous granulomatous disease with no accurate biomarkers of disease progression. Therefore, we profiled and integrated the DNA methylome, mRNAs, and microRNAs to identify molecular changes associated with sarcoidosis and disease progression that might illuminate underlying mechanisms of disease and potential biomarkers. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 64 sarcoidosis subjects and 16 healthy controls were used. DNA methylation was profiled on Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC arrays, mRNA by RNA-sequencing, and miRNAs by small RNA-sequencing. Linear models were fit to test for effect of sarcoidosis diagnosis and progression phenotype, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and principal components of the data. We built a supervised multi-omics model using a subset of features from each dataset. RESULTS We identified 1,459 CpGs, 64 mRNAs, and five miRNAs associated with sarcoidosis versus controls and four mRNAs associated with disease progression. Our integrated model emphasized the prominence of the PI3K/AKT1 pathway, which is important in T cell and mTOR function. Novel immune related genes and miRNAs including LYST, RGS14, SLFN12L, and hsa-miR-199b-5p, distinguished sarcoidosis from controls. Our integrated model also demonstrated differential expression/methylation of IL20RB, ABCC11, SFSWAP, AGBL4, miR-146a-3p, and miR-378b between non-progressive and progressive sarcoidosis. CONCLUSIONS Leveraging the DNA methylome, transcriptome, and miRNA-sequencing in sarcoidosis BAL cells, we detected widespread molecular changes associated with disease, many which are involved in immune response. These molecules may serve as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and/or drug targets, although future testing is required for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Konigsberg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Nancy W Lin
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristyn MacPhail
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Margaret M Mroz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clara I Restrepo
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Li Li
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa A Maier
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Turner ME, Che J, Mirhaidari GJM, Kennedy CC, Blum KM, Rajesh S, Zbinden JC, Breuer CK, Best CA, Barker JC. The lysosomal trafficking regulator "LYST": an 80-year traffic jam. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404846. [PMID: 38774881 PMCID: PMC11106369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosome related organelles (LROs) are dynamic organelles at the intersection of various pathways involved in maintaining cellular hemostasis and regulating cellular functions. Vesicle trafficking of lysosomes and LROs are critical to maintain their functions. The lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) is an elusive protein important for the regulation of membrane dynamics and intracellular trafficking of lysosomes and LROs. Mutations to the LYST gene result in Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by defective granule exocytosis, cytotoxicity, etc. Despite eight decades passing since its initial discovery, a comprehensive understanding of LYST's function in cellular biology remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of LYST function also manifests in other disease states. Here, we review the available literature to consolidate available scientific endeavors in relation to LYST and discuss its relevance for immunomodulatory therapies, regenerative medicine and cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E. Turner
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jingru Che
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gabriel J. M. Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine C. Kennedy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin M. Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sahana Rajesh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jacob C. Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron A. Best
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jenny C. Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Zhao J, Xu L, Wei K, Jiang P, Chang C, Xu L, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Shan Y, Zheng Y, Shen Y, Liu J, Guo S, Wang R, He D. Identification of clinical characteristics biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis through targeted DNA methylation sequencing. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111860. [PMID: 38508093 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease with a challenging diagnosis, especially in seronegative patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the methylation sites associated with the overall immune response in RA can assist in clinical diagnosis, using targeted methylation sequencing technology on peripheral venous blood samples. METHODS The study enrolled 241 RA patients, 30 osteoarthritis patients (OA), and 30 healthy volunteers control (HC). Fifty significant cytosine guanine (CG) sites between undifferentiated arthritis and RA were selected and analyzed using targeted DNA methylation sequencing. Logistic regression models were used to establish diagnostic models for different clinical features of RA, and six machine learning methods (logit model, random forest, support vector machine, adaboost, naive bayes, and learning vector quantization) were used to construct clinical diagnostic models for different subtypes of RA. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and detrended correspondence analysis were utilized to screen for important CGs. Spearman correlation was used to calculate the correlation coefficient. RESULTS The study identified 16 important CG sites, including tumor necrosis factort receptor associated factor 5 (TRAF5) (chr1:211500151), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) (chr15:67357339), tumor endothelial marker 1 (CD248) (chr11:66083766), lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) (chr1:235998714), PR domain zinc finger protein 16 (PRDM16) (chr1:3307069), A-kinase anchoring protein 10 (AKAP10) (chr17:19850460), G protein subunit gamma 7 (GNG7) (chr19:2546620), yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) (chr11:101980632), PRDM16 (chr1:3163969), histone deacetylase complex subunit sin3a (SIN3A) (chr15:75747445), prenylated rab acceptor protein 2 (ARL6IP5) (chr3:69134502), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) (chr6:161412392), wnt family member 7A (WNT7A) (chr3:13895991), inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB) (chr2:121107018), deoxyribonucleic acid replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) (chr10:70231628) and chromosome 14 open reading frame 180 (C14orf180) (chr14:105055171). Seven CG sites showed abnormal changes between the three groups (P < 0.05), and 16 CG sites were significantly correlated with common clinical indicators (P < 0.05). Diagnostic models constructed using different CG sites had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) range of 0.64-0.78 for high-level clinical indicators of high clinical value, with specificity ranging from 0.42 to 0.77 and sensitivity ranging from 0.57 to 0.88. The AUC range for low-level clinical indicators of high clinical value was 0.63-0.72, with specificity ranging from 0.48 to 0.74 and sensitivity ranging from 0.72 to 0.88. Diagnostic models constructed using different CG sites showed good overall diagnostic accuracy for the four subtypes of RA, with an accuracy range of 0.61-0.96, a balanced accuracy range of 0.46-0.94, and an AUC range of 0.46-0.94. CONCLUSIONS This study identified potential clinical diagnostic biomarkers for RA and provided novel insights into the diagnosis and subtyping of RA. The use of targeted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation sequencing and machine learning methods for establishing diagnostic models for different clinical features and subtypes of RA is innovative and can improve the accuracy and efficiency of RA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshuai Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Kawai T, Ikegawa M, Ori D, Akira S. Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:649-673. [PMID: 38599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs, categorized into cell surface and endosomal subfamilies, recognize diverse PAMPs, and structural elucidation of TLRs and PAMP complexes has revealed their intricate mechanisms. TLRs activate common and specific signaling pathways to shape immune responses. Recent studies have shown the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Despite their protective functions, aberrant responses of TLRs contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the delicate balance between TLR activation and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for deciphering their dual role in immune defense and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the history of TLR discovery, elucidation of TLR ligands and signaling pathways, and their relevance to various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan; Life Science Collaboration Center (LiSCo), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DSS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Morimoto M, Nicoli ER, Kuptanon C, Roney JC, Serra-Vinardell J, Sharma P, Adams DR, Gallin JI, Holland SM, Rosenzweig SD, Barbot J, Ciccone C, Huizing M, Toro C, Gahl WA, Introne WJ, Malicdan MCV. Spectrum of LYST mutations in Chediak-Higashi syndrome: a report of novel variants and a comprehensive review of the literature. J Med Genet 2024; 61:212-223. [PMID: 37788905 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by partial oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, immunological dysfunction and neurological impairment. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in LYST cause CHS. LYST encodes the lysosomal trafficking regulator, a highly conserved 429 kDa cytoplasmic protein with an unknown function. METHODS To further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CHS, we conducted clinical evaluations on individuals with CHS enrolled in our natural history study. Using genomic DNA Sanger sequencing, we identified novel pathogenic LYST variants. Additionally, we performed an extensive literature review to curate reported LYST variants and classified these novel and reported variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics/Association for Molecular Pathology variant interpretation guidelines. RESULTS Our investigation unveiled 11 novel pathogenic LYST variants in eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of CHS, substantiated by the presence of pathognomonic giant intracellular granules. From these novel variants, together with a comprehensive review of the literature, we compiled a total of 147 variants in LYST, including 61 frameshift variants (41%), 44 nonsense variants (30%), 23 missense variants (16%), 13 splice site variants or small genomic deletions for which the coding effect is unknown (9%), 5 in-frame variants (3%) and 1 start-loss variant (1%). Notably, a genotype-phenotype correlation emerged, whereby individuals harbouring at least one missense or in-frame variant generally resulted in milder disease, while those with two nonsense or frameshift variants generally had more severe disease. CONCLUSION The identification of novel pathogenic LYST variants and improvements in variant classification will provide earlier diagnoses and improved care to individuals with CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morimoto
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena-Raluca Nicoli
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chulaluck Kuptanon
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Roney
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Prashant Sharma
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John I Gallin
- Clinical Pathophysiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose Barbot
- Unidade de Hematologia, Serviço de Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Ciccone
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wan W, Zhang S, Zhao M, OuYang X, Yu Y, Xiong X, Zhao N, Jiao J. Lysosomal trafficking regulator restricts intracellular growth of Coxiella burnetii by inhibiting the expansion of Coxiella-containing vacuole and upregulating nos2 expression. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1336600. [PMID: 38282619 PMCID: PMC10812120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1336600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever, a zoonotic disease typically manifests as a severe flu-illness. After invading into the host cells, C. burnetii delivers effectors to regulate the vesicle trafficking and fusion events to form a large and mature Coxiella-containing vacuole (CCV), providing sufficient space and nutrition for its intracellular growth and proliferation. Lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) is a member of the Beige and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (BEACH) family, which regulates the transport of vesicles to lysosomes and regulates TLR signaling pathway, but the effect of LYST on C. burnetii infection is unclear. In this study, a series of experiments has been conducted to investigate the influence of LYST on intracellular growth of C. burnetii. Our results showed that lyst transcription was up-regulated in the host cells after C. burnetii infection, but there is no significant change in lyst expression level after infection with the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) mutant strain, while CCVs expansion and significantly increasing load of C. burnetii appeared in the host cells with a silenced lyst gene, suggesting LYST inhibits the intracellular proliferation of C. burnetii by reducing CCVs size. Then, the size of CCVs and the load of C. burnetii in the HeLa cells pretreated with E-64d were significantly decreased. In addition, the level of iNOS was decreased significantly in LYST knockout THP-1 cells, which was conducive to the intracellular replication of C. burnetii. This data is consistent with the phenotype of L-NMMA-treated THP-1 cells infected with C. burnetii. Our results revealed that the upregulation of lyst transcription after infection is due to effector secretion of C. burnetii and LYST inhibit the intracellular replication of C. burnetii by reducing the size of CCVs and inducing nos2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Strillacci MG, Punturiero C, Milanesi R, Bernini F, Mason T, Bagnato A. Antibiotic treatments and somatic cell count as phenotype to map QTL for mastitis susceptibility in Holstein cattle breed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2175498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Punturiero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milanesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Tiziano Mason
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bagnato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Balka KR, Venkatraman R, Saunders TL, Shoppee A, Pang ES, Magill Z, Homman-Ludiye J, Huang C, Lane RM, York HM, Tan P, Schittenhelm RB, Arumugam S, Kile BT, O'Keeffe M, De Nardo D. Termination of STING responses is mediated via ESCRT-dependent degradation. EMBO J 2023:e112712. [PMID: 37139896 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
cGAS-STING signalling is induced by detection of foreign or mislocalised host double-stranded (ds)DNA within the cytosol. STING acts as the major signalling hub, where it controls production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. Basally, STING resides on the ER membrane. Following activation STING traffics to the Golgi to initiate downstream signalling and subsequently to endolysosomal compartments for degradation and termination of signalling. While STING is known to be degraded within lysosomes, the mechanisms controlling its delivery remain poorly defined. Here we utilised a proteomics-based approach to assess phosphorylation changes in primary murine macrophages following STING activation. This identified numerous phosphorylation events in proteins involved in intracellular and vesicular transport. We utilised high-temporal microscopy to track STING vesicular transport in live macrophages. We subsequently identified that the endosomal complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway detects ubiquitinated STING on vesicles, which facilitates the degradation of STING in murine macrophages. Disruption of ESCRT functionality greatly enhanced STING signalling and cytokine production, thus characterising a mechanism controlling effective termination of STING signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Balka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Rajan Venkatraman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Tahnee L Saunders
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Angus Shoppee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Ee Shan Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Zoe Magill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Jihane Homman-Ludiye
- Monash Micro Imaging, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Rachael M Lane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Harrison M York
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Peck Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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10
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A single-cell map of peripheral alterations after FMT treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2023; 135:102989. [PMID: 36610264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by loss of self-tolerance and persistent self-aggression, sustained chronic inflammation, production of autoantibodies and multi-system damage, and is largely incurable to date. The gut microbiota and its metabolites, now recognized as crucial environmental triggers of local/systemic immune reactions, have been implicated in the development and progression of SLE. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is restoration of disturbed microbiota by transplanting foreign gut microbiota from healthy individuals into the gastrointestinal tract of diseased individuals. Our previous clinical trial suggests that FMT is a potentially safe and effective treatment for SLE. In order to elucidate the potential effect of FMT on peripheral immune cells of patients with SLE, we collected PBMCs (n = 30) of 13 SLE patients who participated in the clinical trial before and after the FMT-treatment, and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. The results first revealed that peripheral T lymphocytes of SLE patients decreased and NK cells increased after the FMT treatment. Then, sub-clustering analysis discovered that total CD4+ T cells highly expressed genes of IL7R, CD28, and CD8+ T cells highly expressed genes of GZMH and NKG7 after FMT treatment. Moreover, FMT treatment reduced the expression of interferon-related genes (IRGs) in CD4+ T, CD8+ T, DP, NK, and B cells of SLE patients. More importantly, interferon-related pathways were more enriched in cells of the FMT non-responder group, and further the interferon genes expression of lymphocytes and myeloid cells was negatively correlated with the efficiency of FMT treatment. Collectively, our data identified various immunophenotypic and associated gene set changes following FMT treatment, illustrating the heterogeneity of response to FMT treatment in SLE.
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11
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Konigsberg IR, Lin NW, Liao SY, Liu C, MacPhail K, Mroz MM, Davidson E, Restrepo CI, Sharma S, Li L, Maier LA, Yang IV. Multi-Omic Signatures of Sarcoidosis and Progression in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525601. [PMID: 36747844 PMCID: PMC9901011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous, granulomatous disease that can prove difficult to diagnose, with no accurate biomarkers of disease progression. Therefore, we profiled and integrated the DNA methylome, mRNAs, and microRNAs to identify molecular changes associated with sarcoidosis and disease progression that might illuminate underlying mechanisms of disease and potential genomic biomarkers. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 64 sarcoidosis subjects and 16 healthy controls were used. DNA methylation was profiled on Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC arrays, mRNA by RNA-sequencing, and miRNAs by small RNA-sequencing. Linear models were fit to test for effect of diagnosis and phenotype, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. We built a supervised multi-omics model using a subset of features from each dataset. Results We identified 46,812 CpGs, 1,842 mRNAs, and 5 miRNAs associated with sarcoidosis versus controls and 1 mRNA, SEPP1 - a protein that supplies selenium to cells, associated with disease progression. Our integrated model emphasized the prominence of the PI3K/AKT1 pathway in sarcoidosis, which is important in T cell and mTOR function. Novel immune related genes and miRNAs including LYST, RGS14, SLFN12L, and hsa-miR-199b-5p, distinguished sarcoidosis from controls. Our integrated model also demonstrated differential expression/methylation of IL20RB, ABCC11, SFSWAP, AGBL4, miR-146a-3p, and miR-378b between non-progressive and progressive sarcoidosis. Conclusions Leveraging the DNA methylome, transcriptome, and miRNA-sequencing in sarcoidosis BAL cells, we detected widespread molecular changes associated with disease, many which are involved in immune response. These molecules may serve as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and/or drug targets, although future testing will be required for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R. Konigsberg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Nancy W. Lin
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO
| | - Kristyn MacPhail
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
| | - Margaret M. Mroz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
| | - Elizabeth Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Clara I. Restrepo
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Li Li
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Lisa A. Maier
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver CO
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
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12
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Overlapping Machinery in Lysosome-Related Organelle Trafficking: A Lesson from Rare Multisystem Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223702. [PMID: 36429129 PMCID: PMC9688865 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a group of functionally diverse, cell type-specific compartments. LROs include melanosomes, alpha and dense granules, lytic granules, lamellar bodies and other compartments with distinct morphologies and functions allowing specialised and unique functions of their host cells. The formation, maturation and secretion of specific LROs are compromised in a number of hereditary rare multisystem disorders, including Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes, Griscelli syndrome and the Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome. Each of these disorders impacts the function of several LROs, resulting in a variety of clinical features affecting systems such as immunity, neurophysiology and pigmentation. This has demonstrated the close relationship between LROs and led to the identification of conserved components required for LRO biogenesis and function. Here, we discuss aspects of this conserved machinery among LROs in relation to the heritable multisystem disorders they associate with, and present our current understanding of how dysfunctions in the proteins affected in the disease impact the formation, motility and ultimate secretion of LROs. Moreover, we have analysed the expression of the members of the CHEVI complex affected in Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome, in different cell types, by collecting single cell RNA expression data from the human protein atlas. We propose a hypothesis describing how transcriptional regulation could constitute a mechanism that regulates the pleiotropic functions of proteins and their interacting partners in different LROs.
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13
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Viral Clearance and Neuroinflammation in Acute TMEV Infection Vary by Host Genetic Background. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810482. [PMID: 36142395 PMCID: PMC9501595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of viruses cause neurological manifestations in their hosts. Infection by neurotropic viruses as well as the resulting immune response can irreversibly disrupt the complex structural and functional architecture of the brain, depending in part on host genetic background. The interaction between host genetic background, neurological response to viral infection, and subsequent clinical manifestations remains poorly understood. In the present study, we used the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse resource to better understand how differences in genetic background drive clinical signs and neuropathological manifestations of acute Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. For the first time, we characterized variations of TMEV viral tropism and load based on host genetic background, and correlated viral load with microglial/macrophage activation. For five CC strains (CC002, CC023, CC027, CC057, and CC078) infected with TMEV, we compared clinical signs, lesion distribution, microglial/macrophage response, expression, and distribution of TMEV mRNA, and identified genetic loci relevant to the early acute (4 days post-infection [dpi]) and late acute (14 dpi) timepoints. We examined brain pathology to determine possible causes of strain-specific differences in clinical signs, and found that fields CA1 and CA2 of the hippocampal formation were especially targeted by TMEV across all strains. Using Iba-1 immunolabeling, we identified and characterized strain- and timepoint-specific variation in microglial/macrophage reactivity in the hippocampal formation. Because viral clearance can influence disease outcome, we used RNA in situ hybridization to quantify viral load and TMEV mRNA distribution at both timepoints. TMEV mRNA expression was broadly distributed in the hippocampal formation at 4 dpi in all strains but varied between radiating and clustered distribution depending on the CC strain. We found a positive correlation between microglial/macrophage reactivity and TMEV mRNA expression at 4 dpi. At 14 dpi, we observed a dramatic reduction in TMEV mRNA expression, and localization to the medial portion of field CA1 and field CA2. To better understand how host genetic background can influence pathological outcomes, we identified quantitative trait loci associated with frequency of lesions in a particular brain region and with microglial/macrophage reactivity. These QTL were located near several loci of interest: lysosomal trafficking regulator (Lyst) and nidogen 1 (Nid1), and transmembrane protein 106 B (Tmem106b). Together, these results provide a novel understanding about the influences of genetic variation on the acute neuropathological and immunopathological environment and viral load, which collectively lead to variable disease outcomes. Our findings reveal possible avenues for future investigation which may lead to more effective intervention strategies and treatment regimens.
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14
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Schuster EM, Epple MW, Glaser KM, Mihlan M, Lucht K, Zimmermann JA, Bremser A, Polyzou A, Obier N, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Trompouki E, Ballabio A, Vogel J, Buescher JM, Westermann AJ, Rambold AS. TFEB induces mitochondrial itaconate synthesis to suppress bacterial growth in macrophages. Nat Metab 2022; 4:856-866. [PMID: 35864246 PMCID: PMC9314259 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful elimination of bacteria in phagocytes occurs in the phago-lysosomal system, but also depends on mitochondrial pathways. Yet, how these two organelle systems communicate is largely unknown. Here we identify the lysosomal biogenesis factor transcription factor EB (TFEB) as regulator for phago-lysosome-mitochondria crosstalk in macrophages. By combining cellular imaging and metabolic profiling, we find that TFEB activation, in response to bacterial stimuli, promotes the transcription of aconitate decarboxylase (Acod1, Irg1) and synthesis of its product itaconate, a mitochondrial metabolite with antimicrobial activity. Activation of the TFEB-Irg1-itaconate signalling axis reduces the survival of the intravacuolar pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. TFEB-driven itaconate is subsequently transferred via the Irg1-Rab32-BLOC3 system into the Salmonella-containing vacuole, thereby exposing the pathogen to elevated itaconate levels. By activating itaconate production, TFEB selectively restricts proliferating Salmonella, a bacterial subpopulation that normally escapes macrophage control, which contrasts TFEB's role in autophagy-mediated pathogen degradation. Together, our data define a TFEB-driven metabolic pathway between phago-lysosomes and mitochondria that restrains Salmonella Typhimurium burden in macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ev-Marie Schuster
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W Epple
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Glaser
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Mihlan
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lucht
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia A Zimmermann
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bremser
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Obier
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- IRCAN Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, INSERM Unité 1081, CNRS UMR 7284, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science and SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander J Westermann
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelika S Rambold
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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15
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Ciesielska A, Krawczy M, Sas-Nowosielska H, Hromada-Judycka A, Kwiatkowska K. CD14 recycling modulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses of murine macrophages. Traffic 2022; 23:310-330. [PMID: 35411668 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TLR4 is activated by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and triggers two pro-inflammatory signaling cascades: a MyD88-dependent one in the plasma membrane, and the following TRIF-dependent one in endosomes. An inadequate inflammatory reaction can be detrimental for the organism by leading to sepsis. Therefore, novel approaches to therapeutic modulation of TLR4 signaling are being sought after. The TLR4 activity is tightly connected with the presence of CD14, a GPI-anchored protein that transfers LPS monomers to the receptor and controls its endocytosis. In this study we focused on CD14 trafficking as a still poorly understood factor affecting TLR4 activity. Two independent assays were used to show that after endocytosis CD14 can recycle back to the plasma membrane in both unstimulated and stimulated cells. This route of CD14 trafficking can be controlled by sorting nexins (SNX) 1, 2, and 6, and is important for maintaining the surface level and the total level of CD14, but can also affect the amount of TLR4. Silencing of these SNXs attenuated especially the CD14-dependent endosomal signaling of TLR4, making them a new target for therapeutic regulation of the inflammatory response of macrophages to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Krawczy
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Zebrafish Syndromic Albinism Models as Tools for Understanding and Treating Pigment Cell Disease in Humans. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071752. [PMID: 35406524 PMCID: PMC8997128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging model for studying many diseases, including disorders originating in black pigment cells, melanocytes. In this review of the melanocyte literature, we discuss the current knowledge of melanocyte biology relevant to understanding different forms of albinism and the potential of the zebrafish model system for finding novel mechanisms and treatments. Abstract Melanin is the pigment that protects DNA from ultraviolet (UV) damage by absorbing excess energy. Melanin is produced in a process called melanogenesis. When melanogenesis is altered, diseases such as albinism result. Albinism can result in an increased skin cancer risk. Conversely, black pigment cell (melanocyte) development pathways can be misregulated, causing excessive melanocyte growth that leads to melanoma (cancer of melanocytes). Zebrafish is an emerging model organism used to study pigment disorders due to their high fecundity, visible melanin development in melanophores (melanocytes in mammals) from 24 h post-fertilization, and conserved melanogenesis pathways. Here, we reviewed the conserved developmental pathways in zebrafish melanophores and mammalian melanocytes. Additionally, we summarized the progress made in understanding pigment cell disease and evidence supporting the strong potential for using zebrafish to find novel treatment options for albinism.
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17
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Salas LA, Zhang Z, Koestler DC, Butler RA, Hansen HM, Molinaro AM, Wiencke JK, Kelsey KT, Christensen BC. Enhanced cell deconvolution of peripheral blood using DNA methylation for high-resolution immune profiling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:761. [PMID: 35140201 PMCID: PMC8828780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation microarrays can be employed to interrogate cell-type composition in complex tissues. Here, we expand reference-based deconvolution of blood DNA methylation to include 12 leukocyte subtypes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, naïve and memory B cells, naïve and memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer, and T regulatory cells). Including derived variables, our method provides 56 immune profile variables. The IDOL (IDentifying Optimal Libraries) algorithm was used to identify libraries for deconvolution of DNA methylation data for current and previous platforms. The accuracy of deconvolution estimates obtained using our enhanced libraries was validated using artificial mixtures and whole-blood DNA methylation with known cellular composition from flow cytometry. We applied our libraries to deconvolve cancer, aging, and autoimmune disease datasets. In conclusion, these libraries enable a detailed representation of immune-cell profiles in blood using only DNA and facilitate a standardized, thorough investigation of immune profiles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rondi A Butler
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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18
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Oh S, Niwa A, Nagahashi A, Asaka I, Nakahata T, Saito MK. iPS cells from Chediak-Higashi syndrome patients recapitulate the giant granules in myeloid cells. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15390. [PMID: 36259166 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a congenital disease characterized by immunodeficiency, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, oculocutaneous albinism, and neurological symptoms. The presence of giant granules in peripheral blood leukocytes is an important hallmark of CHS. Here we prepared induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CHS patients (CHS-iPSCs) and differentiated them into hematopoietic cells to model the disease phenotypes. METHODS Fibroblasts were obtained from two CHS patients and then reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into myeloid cells; the size of the cytosolic granules was quantified by May-Grunwald Giemsa staining and myeloperoxidase staining. RESULTS Two clones of iPSCs were established from each patient. The differentiation efficiency to CD33+ CD45+ myeloid cells was not significantly different in CHS-iPSCs compared with control iPSCs, but significantly larger granules were observed. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in reproducing a characteristic cellular phenotype, giant granules in myeloid cells, using CHS-iPSCs, demonstrating that iPSCs can be used to model the pathogenesis of CHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Oh
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Bhattarai D, Banday AZ, Sadanand R, Arora K, Kaur G, Sharma S, Rawat A. Hair microscopy: an easy adjunct to diagnosis of systemic diseases in children. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:18. [PMID: 34843009 PMCID: PMC8630179 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair, having distinct stages of growth, is a dynamic component of the integumentary system. Nonetheless, derangement in its structure and growth pattern often provides vital clues for the diagnosis of systemic diseases. Assessment of the hair structure by various microscopy techniques is, hence, a valuable tool for the diagnosis of several systemic and cutaneous disorders. Systemic illnesses like Comel-Netherton syndrome, Griscelli syndrome, Chediak Higashi syndrome, and Menkes disease display pathognomonic findings on hair microscopy which, consequently, provide crucial evidence for disease diagnosis. With minimal training, light microscopy of the hair can easily be performed even by clinicians and other health care providers which can, thus, serve as a useful tool for disease diagnosis at the patient's bedside. This is especially true for resource-constrained settings where access and availability of advanced investigations (like molecular diagnostics) is a major constraint. Despite its immense clinical utility and non-invasive nature, hair microscopy seems to be an underutilized diagnostic modality. Lack of awareness regarding the important findings on hair microscopy may be one of the crucial reasons for its underutilization. Herein, we, therefore, present a comprehensive overview of the available methods for hair microscopy and the pertinent findings that can be observed in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmagat Bhattarai
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aaqib Zaffar Banday
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Rohit Sadanand
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kanika Arora
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Satish Sharma
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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20
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Zbinden JC, Mirhaidari GJM, Blum KM, Musgrave AJ, Reinhardt JW, Breuer CK, Barker JC. The lysosomal trafficking regulator is necessary for normal wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 30:82-99. [PMID: 34837653 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-healing wounds are a major threat to public health throughout the United States. Tissue healing is complex multifactorial process that requires synchronicity of several cell types. Endolysosomal trafficking, which contributes to various cell functions from protein degradation to plasma membrane repair, is an understudied process in the context of wound healing. The lysosomal trafficking regulator protein (LYST) is an essential protein of the endolysosomal system through an indeterminate mechanism. In this study, we examine the impact of impaired LYST function both in vitro with primary LYST mutant fibroblasts as well as in vivo with an excisional wound model. The wound model shows that LYST mutant mice have impaired wound healing in the form of delayed epithelialization and collagen deposition, independent of macrophage infiltration and polarisation. We show that LYST mutation confers a deficit in MCP-1, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 secretion in beige fibroblasts, which are critical factors in normal wound healing. Identifying the mechanism of LYST function is important for understanding normal wound biology, which may facilitate the development of strategies to address problem wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriel J M Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin M Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew J Musgrave
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James W Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jenny C Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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21
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Fountain A, Inpanathan S, Alves P, Verdawala MB, Botelho RJ. Phagosome maturation in macrophages: Eat, digest, adapt, and repeat. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 82:100832. [PMID: 34717137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a dynamic process that requires an intricate interplay between phagocytic receptors, membrane lipids, and numerous signalling proteins and their effectors, to coordinate the engulfment of a bound particle. These particles are diverse in their physico-chemical properties such as size and shape and include bacteria, fungi, apoptotic cells, living tumour cells, and abiotic particles. Once engulfed, these particles are enclosed within a phagosome, which undergoes a striking transformation referred to as phagosome maturation, which will ultimately lead to the processing and degradation of the enclosed particulate. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phagosome maturation in macrophages, highlighting new discoveries and emerging themes. Such advancements include identification of new GTPases and their effectors and the intricate spatio-temporal dynamics of phosphoinositides in governing phagosome maturation. We then explore phagosome fission and recycling, the emerging role of membrane contact sites, and delve into mechanisms of phagosome resolution to recycle and reform lysosomes. We further illustrate how phagosome maturation is context-dependent, subject to the type of particle, phagocytic receptors, the phagocytes and their state of activation during phagocytosis. Lastly, we discuss how phagosomes serve as signalling platforms to help phagocytes adapt to their environmental conditions. Overall, this review aims to cover recent findings, identify emerging themes, and highlight current challenges and directions to improve our understanding of phagosome maturation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Subothan Inpanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Patris Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Munira B Verdawala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada.
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22
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De novo Assembly and Analysis of Tissue-Specific Transcriptomes of the Edible Red Sea Urchin Loxechinus albus Using RNA-Seq. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100995. [PMID: 34681094 PMCID: PMC8533317 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Edible red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus) is an endemic species of echinoderm distributed along the Chilean coasts. This resource has been overexploited in recent years, depleting their natural populations. At present, there are few reported gene sequences available in public databases, restricting the molecular studies associated with aquaculture for this species. The aim of this study was to present the first annotated reference transcriptome of L. albus using NGS technologies and the differential expression transcripts analysis of the evaluated tissues. The transcriptome data obtained in this study will serve as a reference for future molecular research in the edible red sea urchin and other sea urchin species. Abstract Edible red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus) is an endemic echinoderm species of the Chilean coasts. The worldwide demand for high-quality gonads of this species has addressed the depletion of its natural populations. Studies on this sea urchin are limited, and genomic information is almost nonexistent. Hence, generate a transcriptome is crucial information that will considerably enrich molecular data and promote future findings for the L. albus aquaculture. Here, we obtained transcriptomic data of the edible red sea urchin by Illumina platform. Total RNA was extracted from gonads, intestines, and coelomocytes of juvenile urchins, and samples were sequenced using MiSeq Illumina technology. A total of 91,119,300 paired-end reads were de novo assembled, 185,239 transcripts produced, and a reference transcriptome created with 38.8% GC content and an N50 of 1769 bp. Gene ontology analysis revealed notable differences in the expression profiles between gonads, intestines, and coelomocytes, allowing the detection of transcripts associated with specific biological processes and KEGG pathways. These data were validated using 12 candidate transcripts by real-time qPCR. This dataset will provide a valuable molecular resource for L. albus and other species of sea urchins.
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23
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Lawley KS, Rech RR, Elenwa F, Han G, Perez Gomez AA, Amstalden K, Welsh CJ, Young CR, Threadgill DW, Brinkmeyer-Langford CL. Host genetic diversity drives variable central nervous system lesion distribution in chronic phase of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256370. [PMID: 34415947 PMCID: PMC8378701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic background is a significant driver of the variability in neurological responses to viral infection. Here, we leverage the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse resource to better understand how chronic infection by Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) elicits diverse clinical and morphologic changes in the central nervous system (CNS). We characterized the TMEV-induced clinical phenotype responses, and associated lesion distributions in the CNS, in six CC mouse strains over a 90 day infection period. We observed varying degrees of motor impairment in these strains, as measured by delayed righting reflex, paresis, paralysis, seizures, limb clasping, ruffling, and encephalitis phenotypes. All strains developed neuroparenchymal necrosis and mineralization in the brain, primarily localized to the hippocampal regions. Two of the six strains presented with axonal degeneration with myelin loss of the nerve roots in the lumbar spinal cord. Moreover, we statistically correlated lesion distribution with overall frequencies of clinical phenotypes and phenotype progression to better understand how and where TMEV targets the CNS, based on genetic background. Specifically, we assessed lesion distribution in relation to the clinical progression of these phenotypes from early to late TMEV disease, finding significant relationships between progression and lesion distribution. Finally, we identified quantitative trait loci associated with frequency of lesions in a particular brain region, revealing several loci of interest for future study: lysosomal trafficking regulator (Lyst) and nidogen 1 (Nid1). Together, these results indicate that the genetic background influences the type and severity of clinical phenotypes, phenotypic resilience to TMEV, and the lesion distribution across strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koedi S. Lawley
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Raquel R. Rech
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Faith Elenwa
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College Station, TX, United States of America
- School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Gang Han
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College Station, TX, United States of America
- School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Aracely A. Perez Gomez
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Katia Amstalden
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - C. Jane Welsh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Colin R. Young
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Candice L. Brinkmeyer-Langford
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, United States of America
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24
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Benjamin SJ, Hawley KL, Vera-Licona P, La Vake CJ, Cervantes JL, Ruan Y, Radolf JD, Salazar JC. Macrophage mediated recognition and clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi elicits MyD88-dependent and -independent phagosomal signals that contribute to phagocytosis and inflammation. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:32. [PMID: 34000990 PMCID: PMC8127205 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play prominent roles in bacteria recognition and clearance, including Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the Lyme disease spirochete. To elucidate mechanisms by which MyD88/TLR signaling enhances clearance of Bb by macrophages, we studied wildtype (WT) and MyD88-/- Bb-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). RESULTS MyD88-/- BMDMs exhibit impaired uptake of spirochetes but comparable maturation of phagosomes following internalization of spirochetes. RNA-sequencing of infected WT and MyD88-/- BMDMs identified a large cohort of differentially expressed MyD88-dependent genes associated with re-organization of actin and cytoskeleton during phagocytosis along with several MyD88-independent chemokines involved in inflammatory cell recruitment. We computationally generated networks which identified several MyD88-dependent intermediate proteins (Rhoq and Cyfip1) that are known to mediate inflammation and phagocytosis respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings show that MyD88 signaling enhances, but is not required, for bacterial uptake or phagosomal maturation and provide mechanistic insights into how MyD88-mediated phagosomal signaling enhances Bb uptake and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kelly L Hawley
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Paola Vera-Licona
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Institute of Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Carson J La Vake
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jorge L Cervantes
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
- Present Address: Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Justin D Radolf
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Juan C Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children's, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
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25
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. Gray platelet syndrome: NBEAL2 mutations are associated with pathology beyond megakaryocyte and platelet function defects. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:318-322. [PMID: 33300270 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Okude H, Ori D, Kawai T. Signaling Through Nucleic Acid Sensors and Their Roles in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 11:625833. [PMID: 33633744 PMCID: PMC7902034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for eliciting antiviral immune responses by inducing the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Such responses are a prerequisite for mounting innate and pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. However, host cells also use nucleic acids as carriers of genetic information, and the aberrant recognition of self-nucleic acids by PRRs is associated with the onset of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of nucleic acid sensing by PRRs, including Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and DNA sensor molecules, and their signaling pathways as well as the disorders caused by uncontrolled or unnecessary activation of these PRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Okude
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
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27
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Byrne AQ, Richards-Zawacki CL, Voyles J, Bi K, Ibáñez R, Rosenblum EB. Whole exome sequencing identifies the potential for genetic rescue in iconic and critically endangered Panamanian harlequin frogs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:50-70. [PMID: 33150627 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Avoiding extinction in a rapidly changing environment often relies on a species' ability to quickly adapt in the face of extreme selective pressures. In Panamá, two closely related harlequin frog species (Atelopus varius and Atelopus zeteki) are threatened with extinction due to the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Once thought to be nearly extirpated from Panamá, A. varius have recently been rediscovered in multiple localities across their historical range; however, A. zeteki are possibly extinct in the wild. By leveraging a unique collection of 186 Atelopus tissue samples collected before and after the Bd outbreak in Panama, we describe the genetics of persistence for these species on the brink of extinction. We sequenced the transcriptome and developed an exome-capture assay to sequence the coding regions of the Atelopus genome. Using these genetic data, we evaluate the population genetic structure of historical A. varius and A. zeteki populations, describe changes in genetic diversity over time, assess the relationship between contemporary and historical individuals, and test the hypothesis that some A. varius populations have rapidly evolved to resist or tolerate Bd infection. We found a significant decrease in genetic diversity in contemporary (compared to historical) A. varius populations. We did not find strong evidence of directional allele frequency change or selection for Bd resistance genes, but we uncovered a set of candidate genes that warrant further study. Additionally, we found preliminary evidence of recent migration and gene flow in one of the largest persisting A. varius populations in Panamá, suggesting the potential for genetic rescue in this system. Finally, we propose that previous conservation units should be modified, as clear genetic breaks do not exist beyond the local population level. Our data lay the groundwork for genetically informed conservation and advance our understanding of how imperiled species might be rescued from extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Q Byrne
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jamie Voyles
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Ibáñez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Erica Bree Rosenblum
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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28
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Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP, Szulc-Da̧browska L, Bossowska-Nowicka M, Wyżewski Z, Cymerys J, Chodkowski M, Kiełbik P, Godlewski MM, Gieryńska M, Toka FN. Participation of Endosomes in Toll-Like Receptor 3 Transportation Pathway in Murine Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:544612. [PMID: 33281554 PMCID: PMC7705377 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.544612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR3 provides immediate type I IFN response following entry of stimulatory PAMPs into the CNS, as it is in HSV infection. The receptor plays a vital role in astrocytes, contributing to rapid infection sensing and suppression of viral replication, precluding the spread of virus beyond neurons. The route of TLR3 mobilization culminating in the receptor activation remains unexplained. In this research, we investigated the involvement of various types of endosomes in the regulation of the TLR3 mobility in C8-D1A murine astrocyte cell line. TLR3 was transported rapidly to early EEA1-positive endosomes as well as LAMP1-lysosomes following stimulation with the poly(I:C). Later, TLR3 largely associated with late Rab7-positive endosomes. Twenty-four hours after stimulation, TLR3 co-localized with LAMP1 abundantly in lysosomes of astrocytes. TLR3 interacted with poly(I:C) intracellularly from 1 min to 8 h following cell stimulation. We detected TLR3 on the surface of astrocytes indicating constitutive expression, which increased after poly(I:C) stimulation. Our findings contribute to the understanding of cellular modulation of TLR3 trafficking. Detailed analysis of the TLR3 transportation pathway is an important component in disclosing the fate of the receptor in HSV-infected CNS and may help in the search for rationale therapeutics to control the replication of neuropathic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda B Mielcarska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina P Gregorczyk-Zboroch
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Szulc-Da̧browska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cymerys
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Chodkowski
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Kiełbik
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał M Godlewski
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gieryńska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix N Toka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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29
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Ciesielska A, Matyjek M, Kwiatkowska K. TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1233-1261. [PMID: 33057840 PMCID: PMC7904555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria and sequentially triggers two signaling cascades: the first one involving TIRAP and MyD88 adaptor proteins is induced in the plasma membrane, whereas the second engaging adaptor proteins TRAM and TRIF begins in early endosomes after endocytosis of the receptor. The LPS-induced internalization of TLR4 and hence also the activation of the TRIF-dependent pathway is governed by a GPI-anchored protein, CD14. The endocytosis of TLR4 terminates the MyD88-dependent signaling, while the following endosome maturation and lysosomal degradation of TLR4 determine the duration and magnitude of the TRIF-dependent one. Alternatively, TLR4 may return to the plasma membrane, which process is still poorly understood. Therefore, the course of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses depends strictly on the rates of TLR4 endocytosis and trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartment. Notably, prolonged activation of TLR4 is linked with several hereditary human diseases, neurodegeneration and also with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent studies have provided ample data on the role of diverse proteins regulating the functions of early, late, and recycling endosomes in the TLR4-induced inflammation caused by LPS or phagocytosis of E. coli. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the internalization and intracellular trafficking of TLR4 and CD14, and also of LPS, in immune cells and discuss how dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal compartment contributes to the development of diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Matyjek
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Quigley KM, Bay LK, van Oppen MJH. Genome-wide SNP analysis reveals an increase in adaptive genetic variation through selective breeding of coral. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2176-2188. [PMID: 32453867 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine heat waves are increasing in magnitude, duration, and frequency as a result of climate change and are the principal global driver of mortality in reef-building corals. Resilience-based genetic management may increase coral heat tolerance, but it is unclear how temperature responses are regulated at the genome level and thus how corals may adapt to warming naturally or through selective breeding. Here we combine phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic marker data from colonies sourced from a warm reef on the Great Barrier Reef reproductively crossed with conspecific colonies from a cooler reef to produce combinations of warm purebreds and warm-cool hybrid larvae and juveniles. Interpopulation breeding created significantly greater genetic diversity across the coral genome compared to breeding between populations and maintained diversity in key regions associated with heat tolerance and fitness. High-density genome-wide scans of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified alleles significantly associated with larval families reared at 27.5°C (87-2,224 loci), including loci putatively associated with proteins involved in responses to heat stress (cell membrane formation, metabolism, and immune responses). Underlying genetics of these families explained 43% of PCoA multilocus variation in survival, growth, and bleaching responses at 27.5°C and 31°C at the juvenile stage. Genetic marker contribution to total variation in fitness traits (narrow-sense heritability) was high for survival but not for growth and bleaching in juveniles, with heritability of these traits being higher at 31°C relative to 27.5°C. While based on only a limited number of crosses, the mechanistic understanding presented here demonstrates that allele frequencies are affected by one generation of selective breeding, key information for the assessments of genetic intervention feasibility and modelling of reef futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Quigley
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Line K Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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32
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Wu M, Hu N, Du X, Wei J. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in sepsis research. Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 19:229-234. [PMID: 32058568 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9, as a new genome-editing tool, offers new approaches to understand and treat diseases, which is being rapidly applied in various areas of biomedical research including sepsis field. The type II prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas system uses a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to target the Cas9 nuclease to a specific genomic sequence, which is introduced into disease models for functional characterization and for testing of therapeutic strategies. This incredibly precise technology can be used for therapeutic research of gene-related diseases and to program any sequence in a target cell. Most importantly, the multifunctional capacity of this technology allows simultaneous editing of several genes. In this review, we focus on the basic principles, advantages and limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 and the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as a powerful tool in sepsis research and as a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
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33
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Sin WX, Yeong JPS, Lim TJF, Su IH, Connolly JE, Chin KC. IRF-7 Mediates Type I IFN Responses in Endotoxin-Challenged Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:640. [PMID: 32373120 PMCID: PMC7176903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF-7 mediates robust production of type I IFN via MyD88 of the TLR9 pathway in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Previous in vitro studies using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells lacking either Irf7 or Irf3 have demonstrated that only IRF-3 is required for IFN-β production in the TLR4 pathway. Here, we show that IRF-7 is essential for both type I IFN induction and IL-1β responses via TLR4 in mice. Mice lacking Irf7 were defective in production of both IFN-β and IL-1β, an IFN-β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine, after LPS challenge. IFN-β production in response to LPS was impaired in IRF-7-deficient macrophages, but not dendritic cells. Unlike pDCs, IRF-7 is activated by the TRIF-, but not MyD88-, dependent pathway via TBK-1 in macrophages after LPS stimulation. Like pDCs, resting macrophages constitutively expressed IRF-7 protein. This basal IRF-7 protein was completely abolished in either Ifnar1 -/- or Stat1 -/- macrophages, which corresponded with the loss of LPS-stimulated IFN-β induction in these macrophages. These findings demonstrate that macrophage IRF-7 is critical for LPS-induced type I IFN responses, which in turn facilitate IL-1β production in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Sin
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Poh-Sheng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Jun Feng Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I-Hsin Su
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Keh-Chuang Chin
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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34
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Sorvina A, Shandala T, Wang S, Sharkey DJ, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Selemidis S, Brooks DA. CDKI-73 is a Novel Pharmacological Inhibitor of Rab11 Cargo Delivery and Innate Immune Secretion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020372. [PMID: 32033486 PMCID: PMC7072129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defence against pathogen and environmental challenge and this involves the production and secretion of immune mediators, such as antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, when dysregulated, innate immunity can contribute to multifactorial diseases, including inflammatory rheumatic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and even septic shock. During an innate immune response, antimicrobial peptides and cytokines are trafficked via Rab11 multivesicular endosomes, and then sorted into Rab11 vesicles for traffic to the plasma membrane and secretion. In this study, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKI-73 was used to determine its effect on the innate immune response, based on previously identified targets for this compound. Our results showed that CDKI-73 inhibited the delivery of Rab11 vesicles to the plasma membrane, resulting in the accumulation of large multivesicular Rab11 endosomes near the cell periphery. In addition to the effect on endosome delivery, CDKI-73 down-regulated the amount of innate immune cargo, including the antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We concluded that CDKI-73 has the potential to regulate the delivery and secretion of certain innate immune cargo, which could be used to control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - David J. Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.A.B.)
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35
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de Araujo MEG, Liebscher G, Hess MW, Huber LA. Lysosomal size matters. Traffic 2019; 21:60-75. [PMID: 31808235 PMCID: PMC6972631 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are key cellular catabolic centers that also perform fundamental metabolic, signaling and quality control functions. Lysosomes are not static and they respond dynamically to intra‐ and extracellular stimuli triggering changes in organelle numbers, size and position. Such physical changes have a strong impact on lysosomal activity ultimately influencing cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on lysosomal size regulation, on its physiological role(s) and association to several disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Singh A, Shannon CP, Kim YW, Yang CX, Balshaw R, Cohen Freue GV, Gauvreau GM, FitzGerald JM, Boulet LP, O'Byrne PM, Tebbutt SJ. Novel Blood-based Transcriptional Biomarker Panels Predict the Late-Phase Asthmatic Response. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:450-462. [PMID: 29087730 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0110oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The allergen inhalation challenge is used in clinical trials to test the efficacy of new treatments in attenuating the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) and associated airway inflammation in subjects with allergic asthma. However, not all subjects with allergic asthma develop the LAR after allergen inhalation. Blood-based transcriptional biomarkers that can identify such individuals may help in subject recruitment for clinical trials as well as provide novel molecular insights. OBJECTIVES To identify blood-based transcriptional biomarker panels that can predict an individual's response to allergen inhalation challenge. METHODS We applied RNA sequencing to total RNA from whole blood (n = 36) collected before and after allergen challenge and generated both genome-guided and de novo datasets: genes, gene-isoforms (University of California, Santa Cruz, UCSC Genome Browser), Ensembl, and Trinity. Candidate biomarker panels were validated using the NanoString platform in an independent cohort of 33 subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The Trinity biomarker panel consisting of known and novel biomarker transcripts had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of greater than 0.70 in both the discovery and validation cohorts. The Trinity biomarker panel was useful in predicting the response of subjects that elicited different responses (accuracy between 0.65 and 0.71) and subjects that elicit a dual response (accuracy between 0.70 and 0.75) upon repeated allergen inhalation challenges. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, the biomarker panel containing novel transcripts successfully validated compared with panels with known, well-characterized genes. These biomarker-blood tests may be used to identify subjects with asthma who develop the LAR, and may also represent members of novel molecular mechanisms that can be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Singh
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital.,3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Prevention of Organ Failure Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- 2 Prevention of Organ Failure Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Young Woong Kim
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital.,2 Prevention of Organ Failure Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chen Xi Yang
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital.,2 Prevention of Organ Failure Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Balshaw
- 4 Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Gail M Gauvreau
- 6 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- 8 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,7 Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | | | - Paul M O'Byrne
- 6 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- 1 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital.,8 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Prevention of Organ Failure Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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37
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Miyake K, Saitoh S, Sato R, Shibata T, Fukui R, Murakami Y. Endolysosomal compartments as platforms for orchestrating innate immune and metabolic sensors. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:853-862. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0119-020r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiroh Saitoh
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukui
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo Japan
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38
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Thumbigere Math V, Rebouças P, Giovani PA, Puppin-Rontani RM, Casarin R, Martins L, Wang L, Krzewski K, Introne WJ, Somerman MJ, Nociti FH, Kantovitz KR. Periodontitis in Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome: An Altered Immunoinflammatory Response. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 3:35-46. [PMID: 29276776 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417724117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST), is associated with aggressive periodontitis. It is suggested that LYST mutations affect the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immunoinflammatory response, leading to frequent infections. This study sought to determine the periodontal status of patients with classic (severe) and atypical (milder) forms of CHS and the immunoregulatory functions of gingival fibroblasts in CHS patients. In contrast to aged-matched healthy controls, atypical (n = 4) and classic (n = 3) CHS patients presented with mild chronic periodontitis with no evidence of gingival ulceration, severe tooth mobility, or premature exfoliation of teeth. As a standard of care, all classic CHS patients had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Primary gingival fibroblasts obtained from atypical and BMT classic CHS patients displayed higher protein expression of TLR-2 (1.81-fold and 1.56-fold, respectively) and decreased expression of TLR-4 (-2.5-fold and -3.85-fold, respectively) at baseline when compared with healthy control gingival fibroblasts. When challenged with whole bacterial extract of Fusobacterium nucleatum, both atypical and classic CHS gingival fibroblasts failed to up-regulate TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression when compared with their respective untreated groups and control cells. Cytokine multiplex analysis following F. nucleatum challenge showed that atypical CHS gingival fibroblasts featured significantly increased cytokine expression (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α), whereas classic CHS cells featured similar/decreased cytokine expression when compared with treated control cells. Collectively, these results suggest that LYST mutations in CHS patients affect TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression/function, leading to dysregulated immunoinflammatory response, which in turn may influence the periodontal phenotype noted in CHS patients. Furthermore, our results suggest that atypical CHS patients and classic CHS patients who undergo BMT early in life are less susceptible to aggressive periodontitis and that hematopoietic cells play a critical role in mitigating the risk of aggressive periodontitis in CHS. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results from this study can be used to create awareness among clinicians and researchers that not all CHS patients exhibit historically reported aggressive periodontitis, especially if they have atypical CHS disease or have received bone marrow transplantation. LYST mutations in CHS patients may affect TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression/function leading to dysregulated immunoinflammatory response, which in turn may influence the periodontal phenotype noted in CHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thumbigere Math
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Rebouças
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - P A Giovani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - R M Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - R Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L Martins
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L Wang
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Krzewski
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - W J Introne
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - K R Kantovitz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Dental School, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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