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Furuya H, Toda Y, Iwata A, Kanai M, Kato K, Kumagai T, Kageyama T, Tanaka S, Fujimura L, Sakamoto A, Hatano M, Suto A, Suzuki K, Nakajima H. Stage-specific GATA3 induction promotes ILC2 development after lineage commitment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5610. [PMID: 38969652 PMCID: PMC11226602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a subset of innate lymphocytes that produce type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. GATA3 is a critical transcription factor for ILC2 development at multiple stages. However, when and how GATA3 is induced to the levels required for ILC2 development remains unclear. Herein, we identify ILC2-specific GATA3-related tandem super-enhancers (G3SE) that induce high GATA3 in ILC2-committed precursors. G3SE-deficient mice exhibit ILC2 deficiency in the bone marrow, lung, liver, and small intestine with minimal impact on other ILC lineages or Th2 cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and subsequent flow cytometry analysis show that GATA3 induction mechanism, which is required for entering the ILC2 stage, is lost in IL-17RB+PD-1- late ILC2-committed precursor stage in G3SE-deficient mice. Cnot6l, part of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, is a possible GATA3 target during ILC2 development. Our findings implicate a stage-specific regulatory mechanism for GATA3 expression during ILC2 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Furuya
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Kanai
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kodai Kato
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kageyama
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lisa Fujimura
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akemi Sakamoto
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Suto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Suzuki
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan.
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2
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Lopez-Perez D, Prados-Lopez B, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo A. Eosinophils in Colorectal Cancer: Emerging Insights into Anti-Tumoral Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6098. [PMID: 38892286 PMCID: PMC11172675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are myeloid effector cells whose main homing is the gastrointestinal tract. There, they take part in type I and type II immune responses. They also contribute to other non-immunological homeostatic functions like mucus production, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), eosinophils locate in the center of the tumor and in the front of invasion and play an anti-tumoral role. They directly kill tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic compounds and eosinophil extracellular traps or indirectly by activating other immune cells via cytokines. As CRC progresses, the number of infiltrating eosinophils decreases. Although this phenomenon is not fully understood, it is known that some changes in the microenvironmental milieu and microbiome can affect eosinophil infiltration. Importantly, a high number of intratumoral eosinophils is a favorable prognostic factor independent from the tumor stage. Moreover, after immunotherapy, responding patients usually display eosinophilia, so eosinophils could be a good biomarker candidate to monitor treatment outcomes. Finally, even though eosinophils seem to play an interesting anti-tumoral role in CRC, much more research is needed to fully understand their interactions in the CRC microenvironment. This review explores the multifaceted roles of eosinophils in colorectal cancer, highlighting their anti-tumoral effects, prognostic significance, and potential as a biomarker for treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Prados-Lopez
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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3
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Liu Q, Tabrez S, Niekamp P, Kim CH. Circadian-clock-controlled endocrine and cytokine signals regulate multipotential innate lymphoid cell progenitors in the bone marrow. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114200. [PMID: 38717905 PMCID: PMC11264331 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), strategically positioned throughout the body, undergo population declines over time. A solution to counteract this problem is timely mobilization of multipotential progenitors from the bone marrow. It remains unknown what triggers the mobilization of bone marrow ILC progenitors (ILCPs). We report that ILCPs are regulated by the circadian clock to emigrate and generate mature ILCs in the periphery. We found that circadian-clock-defective ILCPs fail to normally emigrate and generate ILCs. We identified circadian-clock-controlled endocrine and cytokine cues that, respectively, regulate the retention and emigration of ILCPs at distinct times of each day. Activation of the stress-hormone-sensing glucocorticoid receptor upregulates CXCR4 on ILCPs for their retention in the bone marrow, while the interleukin-18 (IL-18) and RORα signals upregulate S1PR1 on ILCPs for their mobilization to the periphery. Our findings establish important roles of circadian signals for the homeostatic efflux of bone marrow ILCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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4
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Ranjitkar S, Krajewski D, Garcia C, Tedeschi C, Polukort SH, Rovatti J, Mire M, Blesso CN, Jellison E, Schneider SS, Ryan JJ, Mathias CB. IL-10 Differentially Promotes Mast Cell Responsiveness to IL-33, Resulting in Enhancement of Type 2 Inflammation and Suppression of Neutrophilia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1407-1419. [PMID: 38497670 PMCID: PMC11018500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in the establishment of allergic diseases. We recently demonstrated an unexpected, proinflammatory role for IL-10 in regulating MC responses. IL-10 enhanced MC activation and promoted IgE-dependent responses during food allergy. However, whether these effects extend to IgE-independent stimuli is not clear. In this article, we demonstrate that IL-10 plays a critical role in driving IL-33-mediated MC responses. IL-10 stimulation enhanced MC expansion and degranulation, ST2 expression, IL-13 production, and phospho-relA upregulation in IL-33-treated cells while suppressing TNF-α. These effects were partly dependent on endogenous IL-10 and further amplified in MCs coactivated with both IL-33 and IgE/Ag. IL-10's divergent effects also extended in vivo. In a MC-dependent model of IL-33-induced neutrophilia, IL-10 treatment enhanced MC responsiveness, leading to suppression of neutrophils and decreased TNF-α. In contrast, during IL-33-induced type 2 inflammation, IL-10 priming exacerbated MC activity, resulting in MC recruitment to various tissues, enhanced ST2 expression, induction of hypothermia, recruitment of eosinophils, and increased MCPT-1 and IL-13 levels. Our data elucidate an important role for IL-10 as an augmenter of IL-33-mediated MC responses, with implications during both allergic diseases and other MC-dependent disorders. IL-10 induction is routinely used as a prognostic marker of disease improvement. Our data suggest instead that IL-10 can enhance ST2 responsiveness in IL-33-activated MCs, with the potential to both aggravate or suppress disease severity depending on the inflammatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Ranjitkar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Dylan Krajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Caitlin Tedeschi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Stephanie H. Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Jeffrey Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Mohamed Mire
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | | | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199
| | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Clinton B. Mathias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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5
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Martinez-Gonzalez I, Takei F. New insights into ILC2 memory. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:118-125. [PMID: 38506432 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) are innate lymphocytes involved in type 2 immunity. ILC2s are abundant at the barrier tissues and upon allergen exposure, respond to epithelial-derived alarmins by producing type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5 and IL-13). Upon activation, some of these activated ILC2s acquire immunological memory and can mount enhanced responses upon further allergen encounters. Here, we review recent findings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying immune memory in ILC2s both in mice and humans and discuss the implications of memory ILC2s in the context of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Sun W, Xie S, Liu SF, Hu X, Xing D. Evolving Tumor Characteristics and Smart Nanodrugs for Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3919-3942. [PMID: 38708176 PMCID: PMC11070166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical physiological characteristics of tumors, such as weak acidity, low oxygen content, and upregulation of certain enzymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), provide survival advantages when exposed to targeted attacks by drugs and responsive nanomedicines. Consequently, cancer treatment has significantly progressed in recent years. However, the evolution and adaptation of tumor characteristics still pose many challenges for current treatment methods. Therefore, efficient and precise cancer treatments require an understanding of the heterogeneity degree of various factors in cancer cells during tumor evolution to exploit the typical TME characteristics and manage the mutation process. The highly heterogeneous tumor and infiltrating stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular components collectively form a unique TME, which plays a crucial role in tumor malignancy, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immune escape. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods that can adapt to the evolutionary characteristics of tumors has become an intense focus in current cancer treatment research. This paper explores the latest understanding of cancer evolution, focusing on how tumors use new antigens to shape their "new faces"; how immune system cells, such as cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, help tumors become "invisible", that is, immune escape; whether the diverse cancer-associated fibroblasts provide support and coordination for tumors; and whether it is possible to attack tumors in reverse. This paper discusses the limitations of targeted therapy driven by tumor evolution factors and explores future strategies and the potential of intelligent nanomedicines, including the systematic coordination of tumor evolution factors and adaptive methods, to meet this therapeutic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshe Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Feng Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Sommer C, Cohen JN, Dehmel S, Neuhaus V, Schaudien D, Braun A, Sewald K, Rosenblum MD. Interleukin-2-induced skin inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350580. [PMID: 38430129 PMCID: PMC11015984 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant human IL-2 has been used to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer; however, side effects like skin rashes limit the use of this therapeutic. To identify key molecules and cells inducing this side effect, we characterized IL-2-induced cutaneous immune reactions and investigated the relevance of CD25 (IL-2 receptor α) in the process. We injected IL-2 intradermally into WT mice and observed increases in immune cell subsets in the skin with preferential increases in frequencies of IL-4- and IL-13-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-17-producing dermal γδ T cells. This overall led to a shift toward type 2/type 17 immune responses. In addition, using a novel topical genetic deletion approach, we reduced CD25 on skin, specifically on all cutaneous cells, and found that IL-2-dependent effects were reduced, hinting that CD25 - at least partly - induces this skin inflammation. Reduction of CD25 specifically on skin Tregs further augmented IL-2-induced immune cell infiltration, hinting that CD25 on skin Tregs is crucial to restrain IL-2-induced inflammation. Overall, our data support that innate lymphoid immune cells are key cells inducing side effects during IL-2 therapy and underline the significance of CD25 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Sommer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neuhaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Liu M, Wang D, Xu L, Pan Y, Huang H, Li M, Liu Q. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells suppress neuroinflammation and brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:355-366. [PMID: 37933727 PMCID: PMC10870958 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231208168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mobilizes circulating leukocytes that contribute to neuroinflammation and neural injury. However, little is known about the endogenous regulatory immune mechanisms to restrict neuroinflammation following ICH. We examined the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) that are a specialized subset of innate immune modulators in a mouse model of ICH. We found accumulation of ILC2 in the brain following acute ICH and a concomitant increase of ILC2 within the peripheral lymph nodes. Depletion of ILC2 exacerbated neurodeficits and brain edema after ICH in male and female mice. This aggravated ICH injury was accompanied by augmented microglia activity and leukocyte infiltration. In contrast, expansion of ILC2 using IL-33 led to reduced ICH injury, microglia activity and leukocyte infiltration. Notably, elimination of microglia using a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor diminished the exacerbation of ICH injury induced by depletion of ILC2. Brain-infiltrating ILC2 had upregulation of IL-13 after ICH. Results from in vitro assays revealed that ILC2 suppressed thrombin-induced inflammatory activity in microglia-like BV2 cells. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ILC2 suppress neuroinflammation and acute ICH injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huachen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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Kral M, van der Vorst EP, Surnov A, Weber C, Döring Y. ILC2-mediated immune crosstalk in chronic (vascular) inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1326440. [PMID: 38179045 PMCID: PMC10765502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity is pivotal for an efficient immune response and to maintain immune homeostasis under steady state conditions. As part of the innate immune system, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as new important regulators of tissue homeostasis and repair by fine-tuning innate-adaptive immune cell crosstalk. ILC2s mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses in a context dependent manner. Inflammation has proven to be a key driver of atherosclerosis, resembling the key underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, numerous studies point towards an atheroprotective role of ILC2s e.g., by mediating secretion of type-II cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, IL-9). Boosting these protective responses may be suitable for promising future therapy, although these protective cues are currently incompletely understood. Additionally, little is known about the mechanisms by which chemokine/chemokine receptor signaling shapes ILC2 functions in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Hence, this review will focus on the latest findings regarding the protective and chemokine/chemokine receptor guided interplay between ILC2s and other immune cells like T and B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Further, we will elaborate on potential therapeutic implications which result or could be distilled from the dialogue of ILC2s with cells of the immune system in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kral
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Type 1 Diabetes Immunology (TDI), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Sun Z, Sen H, Zhu X, Islam SA. Cutting Edge: CCR8 Signaling Regulates IL-25- and IL-33-Responsive Skin Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Migration and Function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1751-1755. [PMID: 37921466 PMCID: PMC10842532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are sentinels of barrier immunity, and their activation by the epithelial alarmins IL-25 and IL-33 is a defining trait. In this study, we identified a role for the chemokine receptor CCR8 in modulating skin ILC2 abundance and activation. CCR8 signaling facilitated IL-25-induced increases in skin and lung ILC2s, ILC2 activation and systemic IL-13 production, and ligand-directed ILC2 entry into skin and lung. CCR8 controlled ILC2 tissue entry in IL-25-treated naive mice, but only transferred bone marrow ILC2 progenitors were equipped to enter the skin, whereas multiple tissue-sourced ILC2s entered the lung. CCR8 selectively regulated IL-33-induced increases in skin ILC2s, their proliferation, and production of IL-13/IL-5, as well as IL-33-responsive transferred ILC2 trafficking only to the skin. Collectively, we illuminate (to our knowledge) novel aspects of CCR8 signaling-regulated ILC2 motility and function, especially in the skin, in response to two hallmark ILC2-activating alarmins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang Sun
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Han Sen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabina A Islam
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Shaikh N, Waterhölter A, Gnirck AC, Becker M, Adamiak V, Henneken L, Wunderlich M, Hartmann W, Linnemann L, Huber TB, Krebs CF, Panzer U, Locksley RM, Wilhelm C, Breloer M, Turner JE. Retinoic acid drives intestine-specific adaptation of effector ILC2s originating from distant sites. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221015. [PMID: 37773047 PMCID: PMC10541314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of immune cells to tissue-specific microenvironments is a crucial process in homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we show that murine effector type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) from various organs are equally effective in repopulating ILC2 niches in other anatomical locations where they adapt tissue-specific phenotypes of target organs. Single-cell transcriptomics of ILC2 populations revealed upregulation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in ILC2s during adaptation to the small intestinal microenvironment, and RA signaling mediated reprogramming of kidney effector ILC2s toward the small intestinal phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of intestinal ILC2 adaptation by blocking RA signaling impaired worm expulsion during Strongyloides ratti infection, indicating functional importance of ILC2 tissue imprinting. In conclusion, this study highlights that effector ILC2s retain the ability to adapt to changing tissue-specific microenvironments, enabling them to exert tissue-specific functions, such as promoting control of intestinal helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhat Shaikh
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Waterhölter
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Gnirck
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Becker
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Virginia Adamiak
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Henneken
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Wunderlich
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Helminth Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Linnemann
- Helminth Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F. Krebs
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard M. Locksley
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Minka Breloer
- Helminth Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Xu G(B, Pan YX, Mei W, Chen H. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) Identifies L1CAM as a Key Mediator between Epithelial Tuft Cell and Innate Lymphoid Cell in the Colon of Hnrnp I Knockout Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2734. [PMID: 37893107 PMCID: PMC10604312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Knockout (KO) of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (Hnrnp I) in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induced a severe inflammatory response in the colon, followed by hyperproliferation. This study aimed to investigate the epithelial lineage dynamics and cell-cell communications that underlie inflammation and colitis. (2) Methods: Single cells were isolated from the colons of wildtype (WT) and KO mice and used in scRNA-seq. Whole colons were collected for immunofluorescence staining and cytokine assays. (3) Results: from scRNA-seq, the number of DCLK1 + colonic tuft cells was significantly higher in the Hnrnp I KO mice compared to the WT mice. This was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining of DCLK1. The DCLK1 + colonic tuft cells in KO mice developed unique communications with lymphocytes via interactions between surface L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and integrins. In the KO mice colons, a significantly elevated level of inflammatory cytokines IL4, IL6, and IL13 were observed, which marks type-2 immune responses directed by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates one critical cellular function of colonic tuft cells, which facilitates type-2 immune responses by communicating with ILC2s via the L1CAM-integrins interaction. This communication promotes pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in ILC2, leading to the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying (Bianca) Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (G.X.); (Y.-X.P.)
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (G.X.); (Y.-X.P.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (G.X.); (Y.-X.P.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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13
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Sadeghalvad M, Khijakadze D, Orangi M, Takei F. Flow cytometric analysis of innate lymphoid cells: challenges and solutions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198310. [PMID: 37809100 PMCID: PMC10559883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The three groups of helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), namely ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, have been identified by flow cytometry by combinations of cell surface markers. Here, we review various ways ILCs are currently identified, focusing on potential problems and their solutions. The first step to identify all ILCs is to exclude other lymphocytes and myeloid cells by their lineage-specific markers (Lin). However, the Lin cocktail varies in various studies, and the definition of Lin- population containing ILCs is often ambiguous, resulting in contamination of Lin+ cells, particularly T cells. Method We have designed combinations of cell surface markers to identify ILC populations in various tissues of B6 mice by flow cytometry. To minimize T cell contamination, TCR/CD3ϵ antibodies were used separately from the Lin cocktail. ILCs identified by surface markers are confirmed by the expression of the transcription factors GATA3, RORγt, T-bet and Eomes. Result ILC1s in the B6 mouse liver are identified by Lin-NKp46+NK1.1+TCR/CD3ϵ-CD49a+CD49b-. However, defining ILC1s in other tissues remains a challenge. ILC2s in the lung are identified by Lin-TCR/CD3ϵ- Thy1+CD127+ST2+ whereas ILC2s in the small intestine and liver are identified by Lin-TCR/CD3ϵ-Thy1+GATA3+RORγt-. ILC3s in B6 mouse spleen, liver, lung and small intestine are identified by Lin-TCR/CD3ϵ- Thy1+CD127+RORγt+. Discussion The ILC population is heterogeneous and the strategies to identify ILCs have to be designed for each ILC population and tissue. Excluding T cells in all cases is crucial, and a combination of transcription factors GATA3, RORγt, T-bet, and Eomes should be used to identify ILCs. Using CD3ϵ/TCRs in a different fluorochrome not in Lin cocktail minimizes contamination of T cells specifically identify individual ILC populations in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadeghalvad
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Davit Khijakadze
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mona Orangi
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Thio CLP, Chang YJ. The modulation of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell function in asthma: from inflammatory mediators to environmental and metabolic factors. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1872-1884. [PMID: 37696890 PMCID: PMC10545775 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated type 2 immune response is one of the fundamental causes of allergic asthma. Although Th2 cells are undoubtedly central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, the discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has added another layer of complexity to the etiology of this chronic disease. Through their inherent innate type 2 responses, ILC2s not only contribute to the initiation of airway inflammation but also orchestrate the recruitment and activation of other members of innate and adaptive immunity, further amplifying the inflammatory response. Moreover, ILC2s exhibit substantial cytokine plasticity, as evidenced by their ability to produce type 1- or type 17-associated cytokines under appropriate conditions, underscoring their potential contribution to nonallergic, neutrophilic asthma. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ILC2 functions is pertinent. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on ILC2s in asthma and the regulatory factors that modulate lung ILC2 functions in various experimental mouse models of asthma and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
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15
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Ryu S, Lim M, Kim J, Kim HY. Versatile roles of innate lymphoid cells at the mucosal barrier: from homeostasis to pathological inflammation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1845-1857. [PMID: 37696896 PMCID: PMC10545731 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate lymphocytes that do not express antigen-specific receptors and largely reside and self-renew in mucosal tissues. ILCs can be categorized into three groups (ILC1-3) based on the transcription factors that direct their functions and the cytokines they produce. Their signature transcription factors and cytokines closely mirror those of their Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell counterparts. Accumulating studies show that ILCs are involved in not only the pathogenesis of mucosal tissue diseases, especially respiratory diseases, and colitis, but also the resolution of such diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances regarding our understanding of the biology of ILCs in mucosal tissue health and disease. In addition, we describe the current research on the immune checkpoints by which other cells regulate ILC activities: for example, checkpoint molecules are potential new targets for therapies that aim to control ILCs in mucosal diseases. In addition, we review approved and clinically- trialed drugs and drugs in clinical trials that can target ILCs and therefore have therapeutic potential in ILC-mediated diseases. Finally, since ILCs also play important roles in mucosal tissue homeostasis, we explore the hitherto sparse research on cell therapy with regulatory ILCs. This review highlights various therapeutic approaches that could be used to treat ILC-mediated mucosal diseases and areas of research that could benefit from further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - MinYeong Lim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
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16
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Malik B, Bartlett NW, Upham JW, Nichol KS, Harrington J, Wark PAB. Severe asthma ILC2s demonstrate enhanced proliferation that is modified by biologics. Respirology 2023; 28:758-766. [PMID: 37114915 PMCID: PMC10946917 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Type 2 (T2) innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to airway inflammation and disease in asthma. We hypothesize that ILC2s isolated from people with severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma would exhibit an enhanced T2 inflammatory activity that would be altered following treatment with mepolizumab and omalizumab. We compare peripheral blood (PB) isolated ILC2's proliferative capacity, IL-5 and IL-13 secretion and phenotype between healthy without asthma (HC), non-asthma allergic (NAA), mild asthma (MA) and severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma (SA) subjects. We then determined the impact of 6 months treatment with either mepolizumab or omalizumab on ILC2s physiology of SA subjects. METHODS ILC2s were sorted and cultured in the presence of IL-2, IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) for 14 days. ILC2s proliferation, phenotypes and functions were assessed using flowcytometry. The ILC2s response was then reassessed following clinically successful treatment of SA subjects with mepolizumab and omalizumab. RESULTS SA ILC2s demonstrated increased proliferative capacity, TSLP receptor (TSLPR), GATA3 and NFATc1 protein expressions and increased IL-5 and IL-13 release. ILC2s were also capable of releasing IL-6 in response to stimulation. Mepolizumab treatment reduced ILC2s proliferative capacity and expression of TSLPR, GATA3 and NFATc1. Both mepolizumab and omalizumab were associated with reduced ILC2s release of IL-5 and IL-13, only mepolizumab reduced IL-6. CONCLUSION ILC2s from severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma demonstrated an active phenotype typified by increased proliferation, TSLPR, GATA3 and NFATc1 expression and increased IL-5, IL-13 and IL-6 release. Mepolizumab reduced markers of ILC2s activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Malik
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John W. Upham
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kristy S. Nichol
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Harrington
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
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17
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Kaur H, Kaur G, Ali SA. IL-33's role in the gut immune system: A comprehensive review of its crosstalk and regulation. Life Sci 2023; 327:121868. [PMID: 37330043 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest immune organ in the human body, comprising a complex network of immune cells and epithelial cells that perform a variety of functions such as nutrient absorption, digestion, and waste excretion. Maintenance of homeostasis and effective responses to injury in the colonic epithelium are crucial for maintaining homeostasis between these two cell types. The onset and perpetuation of gut inflammation, characterizing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are triggered by constitutive dysregulation of cytokine production. IL-33 is a newly characterized cytokine that has emerged as a critical modulator of inflammatory disorders. IL-33 is constitutively expressed in the nuclei of different cell types such as endothelial, epithelial, and fibroblast-like cells. Upon tissue damage or pathogen encounter, IL-33 is released as an alarmin and signals through a heterodimer receptor that consists of serum Stimulation-2 (ST2) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-33 has the ability to induce Th2 cytokine production and enhance both Th1 and Th2, as well as Th17 immune responses. Exogenous administration of IL-33 in mice caused pathological changes in most mucosal tissues such as the lung and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract associated with increased production of type 2 cytokines and chemokines. In vivo and in vitro, primary studies have exhibited that IL-33 can activate Th2 cells, mast cells, or basophils to produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Moreover, several novel cell populations, collectively referred to as "type 2 innate lymphoid cells," were identified as being IL-33 responsive and are thought to be important for initiating type 2 immunity. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms by which IL-33 promotes type 2 immunity in the GI tract remain to be fully understood. Recently, it has been discovered that IL-33 plays important roles in regulatory immune responses. Highly suppressive ST2 + FoxP3+ Tregs subsets regulated by IL-33 were identified in several tissues, including lymphoid organs, gut, lung, and adipose tissues. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on IL-33's role in the gut immune system, its crosstalk, and regulation. The article will provide insights into the potential applications of IL-33-based therapies in the treatment of gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Molofsky AB, Locksley RM. The ins and outs of innate and adaptive type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:704-722. [PMID: 37044061 PMCID: PMC10120575 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is orchestrated by a canonical group of cytokines primarily produced by innate lymphoid cells, group 2, and their adaptive counterparts, CD4+ helper type 2 cells, and elaborated by myeloid cells and antibodies that accumulate in response. Here, we review the cytokine and cellular circuits that mediate type 2 immunity. Building from insights in cytokine evolution, we propose that innate type 2 immunity evolved to monitor the status of microbe-rich epithelial barriers (outside) and sterile parenchymal borders (inside) to meet the functional demands of local tissue, and, when necessary, to relay information to the adaptive immune system to reinforce demarcating borders to sustain these efforts. Allergic pathology likely results from deviations in local sustaining units caused by alterations imposed by environmental effects during postnatal developmental windows and exacerbated by mutations that increase vulnerabilities. This framework positions T2 immunity as central to sustaining tissue repair and regeneration and provides a context toward understanding allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0451, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.
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19
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Ruixin S, Yifan L, Chuanlong W, Min Z, Hong L, Guoxiu D, Zhengyang L, Yansha S, Yiwei D, Jingwen S, Mingliang F, Bizhi S, Hua J, Zonghai L. Expressing IL-15/IL-18 and CXCR2 improve infiltration and survival of EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells in breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115536. [PMID: 37028461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have generated EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells and brought hope for treating advanced breast cancer. However, EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells were defined limited anti-tumor efficacy, which might be due to reduced accumulation, persistence of therapeutic T cells in tumor site of breast cancer. CXCLs were highly expressed in tumor environment of breast cancer and CXCR2 is the main receptor for CXCLs. Here, CXCR2 could significantly improve the trafficking and tumor specific accumulation of CAR-T cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effect of CXCR2 CAR-T cells were weaken which might be results of the apoptosis of T cells. Cytokines could stimulate Tcell proliferation, such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18. Then, we generated CXCR2 CAR with synthetic IL-15 or IL-18 production. Co-expressing IL-15 or IL-18 could significantly suppress the exhaustion and apoptosis of T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CXCR2 CAR-T cells in vivo. Further, coexpression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells did not cause toxicity. These findings provide a potential therapy strategy of co-expression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells for the treatment of advancing breast cancer in the future.
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20
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Topczewska PM, Rompe ZA, Jakob MO, Stamm A, Leclère PS, Preußer A, Duerr CU, Thole LML, Kotsch K, Artis D, Klose CSN. ILC2 require cell-intrinsic ST2 signals to promote type 2 immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130933. [PMID: 37063913 PMCID: PMC10104602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of type 2 immune responses at mucosal barriers is regulated by rapidly secreted cytokines called alarmins. The alarmins IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP are mainly secreted by stromal and epithelial cells in tissues and were linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as allergic lung inflammation, or to resistance against worm infections. Receptors for alarmins are expressed by a variety of immune cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), an early source of the type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, which have been linked to atopic diseases and anti-worm immunity as well. However, the precise contribution of the IL-33 receptor signals for ILC2 activation still needs to be completed due to limitations in targeting genes in ILC2. Using the newly established Nmur1 iCre-eGFP mouse model, we obtained specific conditional genetic ablation of the IL-33 receptor subunit ST2 in ILC2s. ST2-deficient ILC2s were unresponsive to IL-33 but not to stimulation with the alarmin IL-25. As a result of defective ST2 signals, ILC2s produced limited amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 and failed to support eosinophil homeostasis. Further, ST2-deficient ILC2s were unable to expand and promote the recruitment of eosinophils during allergic lung inflammation provoked by papain administration. During infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, ILC2-intrinsic ST2 signals were required to mount an effective type 2 immune response against the parasite leading to higher susceptibility against worm infection in conditional knockout mice. Therefore, this study argues for a non-redundant role of cell-intrinsic ST2 signals triggering proper activation of ILC2 for initiation of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja M. Topczewska
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoe A. Rompe
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel O. Jakob
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Stamm
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre S. Leclère
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Preußer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Marie Laura Thole
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph S. N. Klose
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Puttur F, Lloyd CM. Breathing easy: Dopamine quenches the ILC2 flame. Immunity 2023; 56:229-231. [PMID: 36792567 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Communication between nerves and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) is thought to regulate allergic airway inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Cao et al. uncover an essential role for dopamine in inhibiting ILC2 function via metabolic restriction, thereby ameliorating key features of asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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22
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Zhao M, Shao F, Yu D, Zhang J, Liu Z, Ma J, Xia P, Wang S. Maturation and specialization of group 2 innate lymphoid cells through the lung-gut axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7600. [PMID: 36494354 PMCID: PMC9734379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are abundant in mucosal tissues. They serve critical functions in anti-pathogen response and tissue homeostasis. However, the heterogenous composition of ILCs in mucosal sites and their various maturation trajectories are less well known. In this study, we characterize ILC types and functions from both the lung and the small intestine, and identify their tissue-specific markers. We find that ILC2s residing in the lung express CCR2, whereas intestinal ILC2s express CCR4. Through the use of CCR2 and CCR4 reporter mice, we show that ILC2s undergo translocation via the lung-gut axis upon IL-33 treatment. This trajectory of ILC2s is also observed at the postnatal stage. Allergen-induced activation of lung ILC2s affects the homeostasis of gut ILC2s. Together, our findings implicate that ILCs display tissue-specific features in both the lung and gut, and ILC2s mature along the lung-gut axis in particular homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Dou Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiangwen Ma
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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23
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Varricchi G, Ferri S, Pepys J, Poto R, Spadaro G, Nappi E, Paoletti G, Virchow JC, Heffler E, Canonica WG. Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:3538-3552. [PMID: 35950646 PMCID: PMC10087445 DOI: 10.1111/all.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease resulting in airflow obstruction, which in part can become irreversible to conventional therapies, defining the concept of airway remodeling. The introduction of biologics in severe asthma has led in some patients to the complete normalization of previously considered irreversible airflow obstruction. This highlights the need to distinguish a "fixed" airflow obstruction due to structural changes unresponsive to current therapies, from a "reversible" one as demonstrated by lung function normalization during biological therapies not previously obtained even with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. The mechanisms by which exposure to environmental factors initiates the inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling are still incompletely understood. Alarmins represent epithelial-derived cytokines that initiate immunologic events leading to inflammatory airway remodeling. Biological therapies can improve airflow obstruction by addressing these airway inflammatory changes. In addition, biologics might prevent and possibly even revert "fixed" remodeling due to structural changes. Hence, it appears clinically important to separate the therapeutic effects (early and late) of biologics as a new paradigm to evaluate the effects of these drugs and future treatments on airway remodeling in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Ferri
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jack Pepys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter G Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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24
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Liu Q, Lee JH, Kang HM, Kim CH. Identification of the niche and mobilization mechanism for tissue-protective multipotential bone marrow ILC progenitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1551. [PMID: 36417511 PMCID: PMC9683709 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play crucial roles in maintenance and defense of peripheral tissues but would undergo natural and inflammation-induced attrition over time. A potential solution to counteract the peripheral ILC attrition would be regulated mobilization of bone marrow (BM) ILC progenitors. The major multipotential ILC progenitors (ILCPs) are divided into two subsets in distinct niches of the BM. Sinusoid ILCPs emigrate from the BM to circulate the peripheral blood. In contrast, parenchyma ILCPs are more likely in cell cycling and less likely to emigrate BM. The mobilization of BM ILCPs is internally and externally controlled by the coordinated expression of the BM retention receptors (Itg-α4 and CXCR4) and the emigration receptors sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. The expression of the BM retention and emigration receptors is developmentally regulated in the steady state and by the inflammasome-derived IL-18. Upon infusion, sinusoid ILCPs can effectively restore peripheral ILC insufficiency and tissue integrity during inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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ALLERGY IS AN IMMUNE DISORDER RELATED TO A LACK OF REGULATION: THE GLUING ROLE OF IL-2. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:103-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Liu R, Liu L, Wei C, Li D. IL-33/ST2 immunobiology in coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:990007. [PMID: 36337880 PMCID: PMC9630943 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.990007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 axis is reported to be controversially associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). A systematic review of the association between the IL-33/ST2 axis and CAD revealed that IL-33/ST2 plays a protective role in CAD and serum sST2 and IL-33 levels are increased in patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the association of IL-33/ST2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CAD prevalence, prognosis, and risk factors was assessed by performing a meta-analysis. Through a literature search of relevant articles in various databases using the relevant keywords, seven studies were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the IL-33/ST2 axis was associated with increased CAD risk [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.20]. Gene subgroup analysis showed a close association of IL1RL1 (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.20–1.30; I2 = 85.9%; p = 0.000) and IL1RAcP (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.26–1.60; I2 = 27.1%; p = 0.203) with increased CAD risk. However, the association for the IL-33 gene was not statistically significant. SNPs rs7044343 (T), rs10435816 (G), rs11792633 (C) in IL-33 gene were associated with a protective effect in CAD. However, rs7025417 (T) in IL-33, rs11685424 (G) in IL1RL1, rs950880 (A) in sST2, and rs4624606 (A) in IL1RAcP were related to increased CAD risk. Overall, polymorphisms in IL-33/ST2 axis components were associated with increased CAD risk. These results may help identify key features of IL-33/ST2 immunobiology in CAD along with potential treatment strategies to lower disease burden.
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27
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Liu T, Meng Z, Liu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Luo S, Wang M, Huang Q, Zhang S, Fendt P, Devouassoux J, Li D, McKenzie ANJ, Nahrendorf M, Libby P, Guo J, Shi GP. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect mouse heart from myocardial infarction injury via interleukin 5, eosinophils, and dendritic cells. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:1046-1061. [PMID: 36063432 PMCID: PMC10153644 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) regulate adaptive and innate immunities. In mouse heart, production of myocardial infarction (MI) increased ILC2 accumulation, suggesting a role for ILC2 in cardiac dysfunction post-MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We produced MI in ILC2-deficeint Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice and in Icosfl-DTR-fl/+Cd4Cre/+ mice that allowed diphtheria toxin-induced ILC2 depletion. Genetic or induced deficiency of ILC2 in mice exacerbated cardiac dysfunction post-MI injury along with increased myocardial accumulation of neutrophils, CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and CD4+ T cells but deficiency of eosinophils (EOS) and dendritic cells (DC). Post-MI hearts from genetic and induced ILC2-deficient mice contained many more apoptotic cells than those of control mice, and Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice showed thinner and larger infarcts and more collagen-I depositions than the Il7rCre/+ mice only at early time points post-MI. Mechanistic studies revealed elevated blood IL5 in Il7rCre/+ mice at 1, 7, and 28 days post-MI. Such increase was blunted in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice. Administration of recombinant IL5 reversed EOS losses in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice, but IL5 did not correct the DC loss in these mice. Adoptive transfer of ILC2, EOS, or DC from wild-type mice, but not ILC2 from Il5-/- mice improved post-MI cardiac functions in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ recipient mice. EOS are known to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Here we showed that DC acted like EOS in blocking cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Yet, ILC2 or IL5 alone did not directly affect cardiomyocyte apoptosis or TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad signaling. CONCLUSION This study revealed an indirect cardiac reparative role of ILC2 in post-MI hearts via the IL5, EOS, and DC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Pauline Fendt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie Devouassoux
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dazhu Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | | | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Guo Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Brog RA, Ferry SL, Schiebout CT, Messier CM, Cook WJ, Abdullah L, Zou J, Kumar P, Sentman CL, Frost HR, Huang YH. Superkine IL-2 and IL-33 Armored CAR T Cells Reshape the Tumor Microenvironment and Reduce Growth of Multiple Solid Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:962-977. [PMID: 35696724 PMCID: PMC9357153 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown remarkable efficacy against hematologic tumors. Yet, CAR T-cell therapy has had little success against solid tumors due to obstacles presented by the tumor microenvironment (TME) of these cancers. Here, we show that CAR T cells armored with the engineered IL-2 superkine Super2 and IL-33 were able to promote tumor control as a single-agent therapy. IFNγ and perforin were dispensable for the effects of Super2- and IL-33-armored CAR T cells. Super2 and IL-33 synergized to shift leukocyte proportions in the TME and to recruit and activate a broad repertoire of endogenous innate and adaptive immune cells including tumor-specific T cells. However, depletion of CD8+ T cells or NK cells did not disrupt tumor control, suggesting that broad immune activation compensated for loss of individual cell subsets. Thus, we have shown that Super2 and IL-33 CAR T cells can promote antitumor immunity in multiple solid tumor models and can potentially overcome antigen loss, highlighting the potential of this universal CAR T-cell platform for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Brog
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Shannon L Ferry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Courtney T Schiebout
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Cameron M Messier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - W James Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Leena Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jia Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Prathna Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Charles L Sentman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - H Robert Frost
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yina H Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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29
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Calvi M, Di Vito C, Frigo A, Trabanelli S, Jandus C, Mavilio D. Development of Human ILCs and Impact of Unconventional Cytotoxic Subsets in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914266. [PMID: 35720280 PMCID: PMC9204637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were firstly described by different independent laboratories in 2008 as tissue-resident innate lymphocytes mirroring the phenotype and function of T helper cells. ILCs have been subdivided into three distinct subgroups, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, according to their cytokine and transcriptional profiles. Subsequently, also Natural Killer (NK) cells, that are considered the innate counterpart of cytotoxic CD8 T cells, were attributed to ILC1 subfamily, while lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells were attributed to ILC3 subgroup. Starting from their discovery, significant advances have been made in our understanding of ILC impact in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, in the protection against pathogens and in tumor immune-surveillance. However, there is still much to learn about ILC ontogenesis especially in humans. In this regard, NK cell developmental intermediates which have been well studied and characterized prior to the discovery of helper ILCs, have been used to shape a model of ILC ontogenesis. Herein, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge about NK cells and helper ILC ontogenesis in humans. We will also focus on the newly disclosed circulating ILC subsets with killing properties, namely unconventional CD56dim NK cells and cytotoxic helper ILCs, by discussing their possible role in ILC ontogenesis and their contribution in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Calvi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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30
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Sadeghi Hassanabadi N, Broux B, Marinović S, Gotthardt D. Innate Lymphoid Cells - Neglected Players in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909275. [PMID: 35784374 PMCID: PMC9247827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly debilitating autoimmune disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although classically viewed as T-cell mediated disease, the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) such as natural killer (NK) cells and ILC 1-3s has become a focal point as several findings implicate them in the disease pathology. The role of ILCs in MS is still not completely understood as controversial findings have been reported assigning them either a protective or disease-accelerating role. Recent findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) suggest that ILCs infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), mediate inflammation, and have a disease exacerbating role by influencing the recruitment of autoreactive T-cells. Elucidating the detailed role of ILCs and altered signaling pathways in MS is essential for a more complete picture of the disease pathology and novel therapeutic targets. We here review the current knowledge about ILCs in the development and progression of MS and preclinical models of MS and discuss their potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MSCenter; Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sonja Marinović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Dagmar Gotthardt,
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31
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Misawa T, Wagner M, Koyasu S. ILC2s and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis: Progress to Date and the Road Ahead. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876029. [PMID: 35784368 PMCID: PMC9243262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were initially identified as a new type of lymphocytes that produce vigorous amounts of type 2 cytokines in adipose tissue. Subsequent studies revealed that ILC2s are present not only in adipose tissue but also in various other tissues such as lung and skin. ILC2s are generally recognized as tissue-resident immune cells that regulate tissue homeostasis. ILC2s express receptors for various humoral factors and thus can change their functions or distribution depending on the environment and circumstances. In this review, we will outline our recent understanding of ILC2 biology and discuss future directions for ILC2 research, particularly in adipose tissue and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Misawa
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marek Wagner
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shigeo Koyasu,
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32
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Olguín-Martínez E, Muñoz-Paleta O, Ruiz-Medina BE, Ramos-Balderas JL, Licona-Limón I, Licona-Limón P. IL-33 and the PKA Pathway Regulate ILC2 Populations Expressing IL-9 and ST2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:787713. [PMID: 35711429 PMCID: PMC9197159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.787713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident immune cells activated by epithelial-derived alarmins upon tissue damage. They regulate immunity against helminth parasites and allergies by expressing type 2 immune response cytokines including IL-9, known to be critical for inducing and potentiating the immune response in such context. Although ILC2s are reported to be the main source of IL-9 in mice during N. brasiliensis infection, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of IL-9 in these cells are yet to be described. Recent studies have shown that in addition to cytokines, multiple molecules can differentially modulate the functions of ILC2s in various contexts both in vitro and in vivo. Among these stimuli are lipid mediators and neuropeptides, which activate the PKA pathway and have been associated with the regulation of type 2 immune cytokines. In this work we found that ILC2s in mice infected with N. brasiliensis can be classified into different groups based on the expression of IL-9 and ST2. These distinct populations were distributed in the lung and the small intestine. Through the development of an in vitro culture system, we sought to determine the stimuli that regulate the expression of these markers in ILC2s. We identified the alarmin IL-33 as being a key player for increased IL-9 expression. Additionally, we found the PKA pathway to be a dual regulator of ILC2 cells, working synergistically with IL-33 to enhance IL-9 production and capable of modulating proliferation and the expression of ILC2 markers. These data provide further evidence of a high heterogeneity between ILC2 subsets in a context dependent manner and calls for careful consideration when choosing the markers to identify these cells in vivo. Distinguishing ILC2 subsets and dissecting their mechanisms of activation is critical for a deeper understanding of the biology of these cells, allowing their manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Olguín-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Muñoz-Paleta
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E. Ruiz-Medina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Ramos-Balderas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Paula Licona-Limón,
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Mathä L, Takei F, Martinez-Gonzalez I. Tissue Resident and Migratory Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877005. [PMID: 35572538 PMCID: PMC9099002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are present in both mouse and human mucosal and non-mucosal tissues and implicated in initiating type 2 inflammation. ILC2s are considered to be tissue resident cells that develop in the perinatal period and persist throughout life with minimal turning over in adulthood. However, recent studies in animal models have shown their ability to circulate between different organs during inflammation and their potential functions in the destined organs, suggesting their roles in mediating multiple type 2 diseases. Here, we review recent findings on ILC2 migration, including migration within, into and out of tissues during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mathä
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Goncalves P, Doisne JM, Eri T, Charbit B, Bondet V, Posseme C, Llibre A, Casrouge A, Lenoir C, Neven B, Duffy D, Fischer A, Di Santo JP. Defects in mucosal immunity and nasopharyngeal dysbiosis in HSC-transplanted SCID patients with IL2RG/JAK3 deficiency. Blood 2022; 139:2585-2600. [PMID: 35157765 PMCID: PMC11022929 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both innate and adaptive lymphocytes have critical roles in mucosal defense that contain commensal microbial communities and protect against pathogen invasion. Here we characterize mucosal immunity in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with or without myeloablation. We confirmed that pretransplant conditioning had an impact on innate (natural killer and innate lymphoid cells) and adaptive (B and T cells) lymphocyte reconstitution in these patients with SCID and now show that this further extends to generation of T helper 2 and type 2 cytotoxic T cells. Using an integrated approach to assess nasopharyngeal immunity, we identified a local mucosal defect in type 2 cytokines, mucus production, and a selective local immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency in HSCT-treated SCID patients with genetic defects in IL2RG/GC or JAK3. These patients have a reduction in IgA-coated nasopharyngeal bacteria and exhibit microbial dysbiosis with increased pathobiont carriage. Interestingly, intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy can partially normalize nasopharyngeal immunoglobulin profiles and restore microbial communities in GC/JAK3 patients. Together, our results suggest a potential nonredundant role for type 2 immunity and/or of local IgA antibody production in the maintenance of nasopharyngeal microbial homeostasis and mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Goncalves
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Toshiki Eri
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Center for Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Celine Posseme
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Alba Llibre
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institut, Université de Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - The Milieu Intérieur Consortium
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Center for Translational Science, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institut, Université de Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
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Lai D, Chen W, Zhang K, Scott MJ, Li Y, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Fan J. GRK2 regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization in sepsis. Mol Med 2022; 28:32. [PMID: 35272622 PMCID: PMC8908620 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis induces group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) expansion in the lung. However, the origin of these lung-recruited ILC2 and the mechanism of ILC2 expansion are unclear. This study aims to determine the origin of lung-recruited ILC2 and its underlying mechanism in sepsis. METHODS Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in wild-type, IL-33-deficient and ST2-deficient mice. The frequency, cell number and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression of ILC2 in bone marrow (BM), blood and lung were measured by flow cytometry. In the in vitro studies, purified ILC2 progenitor (ILC2p) were challenged with IL-33 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibitor, the CXCR4 expression and GRK2 activity were detected by confocal microscopy or flow cytometry. RESULTS We show that IL-33 acts through its receptor, ST2, on BM ILC2p to induce GRK2 expression and subsequent downregulation of cell surface expression of CXCR4, which results in decreasing retention of ILC2p in the BM and promoting expansion of ILC2 in the lung. Importantly, we demonstrate that reduced IL-33 level in aging mice contributes to impaired ILC2 mobilization from BM and accumulation in the lung following sepsis. CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel pathway in regulating ILC2p mobilization and expansion during sepsis and indicates BM as the main source of ILC2 in the lung following sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengming Lai
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neonatal Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052 China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Yuehua Li
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
| | - Jie Fan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA ,grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
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Abstract
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family is composed of natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, which participate in immune responses to virus, bacteria, parasites and transformed cells. ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 subsets are mostly tissue-resident, and are profoundly imprinted by their organ of residence. They exhibit pleiotropic effects, driving seemingly paradoxical responses such as tissue repair and, alternatively, immunopathology toward allergens and promotion of tumorigenesis. Despite this, a trickle of studies now suggests that non-NK ILCs may not be overwhelmingly tumorigenic and could potentially be harnessed to drive anti-tumor responses. Here, we examine the pleiotropic behavior of ILCs in cancer and begin to unravel the gap in our knowledge that exposes a new horizon for thinking about modifying ILCs and targeting them for immunotherapy.
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37
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Cautivo KM, Matatia PR, Lizama CO, Mroz NM, Dahlgren MW, Yu X, Sbierski-Kind J, Taruselli MT, Brooks JF, Wade-Vallance A, Caryotakis SE, Chang AA, Liang HE, Zikherman J, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation. Immunity 2022; 55:254-271.e7. [PMID: 35139352 PMCID: PMC8852844 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNγ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the topography of tissue lymphocyte subsets is tightly regulated to promote appropriately timed and balanced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peri R Matatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Wade-Vallance
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Erh Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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38
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Inflammatory Arthritis and Bone Metabolism Regulated by Type 2 Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031104. [PMID: 35163028 PMCID: PMC8834748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While type 2 immunity has traditionally been associated with the control of parasitic infections and allergic reactions, increasing evidence suggests that type 2 immunity exerts regulatory functions on inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and also on bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the current evidence of the regulatory role of type 2 immunity in arthritis and bone. Key type 2 cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, but also others such as IL-5, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, exert regulatory properties on arthritis, dampening inflammation and inducing resolution of joint swelling. Furthermore, these cytokines share anti-osteoclastogenic properties and thereby reduce bone resorption and protect bone. Cellular effectors of this action are both T cells (i.e., Th2 and Th9 cells), but also non-T cells, like type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Key regulatory actions mediated by type 2 cytokines and immune cells on both inflammation as well as bone homeostasis are discussed.
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Das A, Harly C, Ding Y, Bhandoola A. ILC Differentiation from Progenitors in the Bone Marrow. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:7-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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IL-33: A central cytokine in helminth infections. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101532. [PMID: 34823996 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is an alarmin cytokine which has been implicated in allergy, fibrosis, inflammation, tumorigenesis, metabolism, and homeostasis. However, amongst its strongest roles are in helminth infections, where IL-33 usually (but not always) is central to induction of an effective anti-parasitic immune response. In this review, we will summarise the literature around this fascinating cytokine, its activity on immune and non-immune cells, the unique (and sometimes counterintuitive) responses it induces, and how it can coordinate the immune response during infections by parasitic helminths. Finally, we will summarise some of the ways that parasites have developed to modulate the IL-33 pathway for their own benefit.
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Jacquelot N, Ghaedi M, Warner K, Chung DC, Crome SQ, Ohashi PS. Immune Checkpoints and Innate Lymphoid Cells-New Avenues for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5967. [PMID: 34885076 PMCID: PMC8657134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (IC) are broadly characterized as inhibitory pathways that tightly regulate the activation of the immune system. These molecular "brakes" are centrally involved in the maintenance of immune self-tolerance and represent a key mechanism in avoiding autoimmunity and tissue destruction. Antibody-based therapies target these inhibitory molecules on T cells to improve their cytotoxic function, with unprecedented clinical efficacies for a number of malignancies. Many of these ICs are also expressed on innate lymphoid cells (ILC), drawing interest from the field to understand their function, impact for anti-tumor immunity and potential for immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight ILC specificities at different tissue sites and their migration potential upon inflammatory challenge. We further summarize the current understanding of IC molecules on ILC and discuss potential strategies for ILC modulation as part of a greater anti-cancer armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Douglas C. Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Sarah Q. Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
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Zhang M, Duffen JL, Nocka KH, Kasaian MT. IL-13 Controls IL-33 Activity through Modulation of ST2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:3070-3080. [PMID: 34789557 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is a multifunctional cytokine that mediates local inflammation upon tissue damage. IL-33 is known to act on multiple cell types including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), Th2 cells, and mast cells to drive production of Th2 cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13. IL-33 signaling activity through transmembrane ST2L can be inhibited by soluble ST2 (sST2), which acts as a decoy receptor. Previous findings suggested that modulation of IL-13 levels in mice lacking decoy IL-13Rα2, or mice lacking IL-13, impacted responsiveness to IL-33. In this study, we used Il13 -/- mice to investigate whether IL-13 regulates IL-33 activity by modulating the transmembrane and soluble forms of ST2. In Il13 -/- mice, the effects of IL-33 administration were exacerbated relative to wild type (WT). Il13 -/- mice administered IL-33 i.p. had heightened splenomegaly, more immune cells in the peritoneum including an expanded ST2L+ ILC2 population, increased eosinophilia in the spleen and peritoneum, and reduced sST2 in the circulation and peritoneum. In the spleen, lung, and liver of mice given IL-33, gene expression of both isoforms of ST2 was increased in Il13 -/- mice relative to WT. We confirmed fibroblasts to be an IL-13-responsive cell type that can regulate IL-33 activity through production of sST2. This study elucidates the important regulatory activity that IL-13 exerts on IL-33 through induction of IL-33 decoy receptor sST2 and through modulation of ST2L+ ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Zhang
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Jennifer L Duffen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Karl H Nocka
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Marion T Kasaian
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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Olguín-Martínez E, Ruiz-Medina BE, Licona-Limón P. Tissue-Specific Molecular Markers and Heterogeneity in Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757967. [PMID: 34759931 PMCID: PMC8573327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently described group of lymphoid subpopulations. These tissue-resident cells display a heterogeneity resembling that observed on different groups of T cells, hence their categorization as cytotoxic NK cells and helper ILCs type 1, 2 and 3. Each one of these groups is highly diverse and expresses different markers in a context-dependent manner. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are activated in response to helminth parasites and regulate the immune response. They are involved in the etiology of diseases associated with allergic responses as well as in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Markers associated with their identification differ depending on the tissue and model used, making the study and understanding of these cells a cumbersome task. This review compiles evidence for the heterogeneity of ILC2s as well as discussion and analyses of molecular markers associated with their identity, function, tissue-dependent expression, and how these markers contribute to the interaction of ILC2s with specific microenvironments to maintain homeostasis or respond to pathogenic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Olguín-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Ruiz-Medina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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Hernandez-Ramirez G, Barber D, Tome-Amat J, Garrido-Arandia M, Diaz-Perales A. Alternaria as an Inducer of Allergic Sensitization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100838. [PMID: 34682259 PMCID: PMC8539034 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a saprophytic mold whose spores are disseminated in warm dry air, the typical weather of the Mediterranean climate region (from 30° to 45°), with a peak during the late summer and early autumn. Alternaria spores are known to be biological contaminants and a potent source of aeroallergens. One consequence of human exposure to Alternaria is an increased risk of developing asthma, with Alt a 1 as its main elicitor and a marker of primary sensitization. Although the action mechanism needs further investigation, a key role of the epithelium in cytokine production, TLR-activated alveolar macrophages and innate lymphoid cells in the adaptive response was demonstrated. Furthermore, sensitization to A. alternata seems to be a trigger for the development of co-sensitization to other allergen sources and may act as an exacerbator of symptoms and an elicitor of food allergies. The prevalence of A. alternata allergy is increasing and has led to expanding research on the role of this fungal species in the induction of IgE-mediated respiratory diseases. Indeed, recent research has allowed new perspectives to be considered in the assessment of exposure and diagnosis of fungi-induced allergies, although more studies are needed for the standardization of immunotherapy formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Hernandez-Ramirez
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaime Tome-Amat
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Maria Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Wu K, Kamimoto K, Zhang Y, Yang K, Keeler SP, Gerovac BJ, Agapov EV, Austin SP, Yantis J, Gissy KA, Byers DE, Alexander-Brett J, Hoffmann CM, Wallace M, Hughes ME, Crouch EC, Morris SA, Holtzman MJ. Basal epithelial stem cells cross an alarmin checkpoint for postviral lung disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e149336. [PMID: 34343135 PMCID: PMC8483760 DOI: 10.1172/jci149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are charged with protection at barrier sites, but whether this normally beneficial response might sometimes become dysfunctional still needs definition. Here, we recognized a pattern of imbalance marked by basal epithelial cell growth and differentiation that replaced normal airspaces in a mouse model of progressive postviral lung disease due to the Sendai virus. Single-cell and lineage-tracing technologies identified a distinct subset of basal epithelial stem cells (basal ESCs) that extended into gas-exchange tissue to form long-term bronchiolar-alveolar remodeling regions. Moreover, this cell subset was selectively expanded by crossing a cell-growth and survival checkpoint linked to the nuclear-localized alarmin IL-33 that was independent of IL-33 receptor signaling and instead connected to autocrine chromatin accessibility. This mechanism creates an activated stem-progenitor cell lineage with potential for physiological or pathological function. Thus, conditional loss of Il33 gene function in basal epithelial cells disrupted the homeostasis of the epithelial barrier at skin and gut sites but also markedly attenuated postviral disease in the lung based on the downregulation of remodeling and inflammation. Thus, we define a basal ESC strategy to deploy innate immune machinery that appears to overshoot the primordial goal of self-defense. Our findings reveal new targets to stratify and correct chronic and often deadly postviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kenji Kamimoto
- Department of Genetics
- Department of Developmental Biology
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kuangying Yang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kelly A. Gissy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Derek E. Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jennifer Alexander-Brett
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | | | - Matthew Wallace
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Michael E. Hughes
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Genetics
| | | | | | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Adiponectin and Asthma: Knowns, Unknowns and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168971. [PMID: 34445677 PMCID: PMC8396527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with the healthy obese phenotype. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and has cardio and vascular protection actions. Studies related to adiponectin, a modulator of the innate and acquired immunity response, have suggested a role of this molecule in asthma. Studies based on various asthma animal models and on the key cells involved in the allergic response have provided important insights about this relation. Some of them indicated protection and others reversed the balance towards negative effects. Many of them described the cellular pathways activated by adiponectin, which are potentially beneficial for asthma prevention or for reduction in the risk of exacerbations. However, conclusive proofs about their efficiency still need to be provided. In this article, we will, briefly, present the general actions of adiponectin and the epidemiological studies supporting the relation with asthma. The main focus of the current review is on the mechanisms of adiponectin and the impact on the pathobiology of asthma. From this perspective, we will provide arguments for and against the positive influence of this molecule in asthma, also indicating the controversies and sketching out the potential directions of research to complete the picture.
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Li Y, Wang W, Ying S. Factors affecting the migration of ILC2s in allergic disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2069-2070. [PMID: 34059792 PMCID: PMC8322045 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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48
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Berger P, Dupin I. Unravelling the effects of omalizumab on fibrocytes. Respirology 2021; 26:825-827. [PMID: 34312947 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Berger
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ-Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux, France.,Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ-Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
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Warren KJ, Poole JA, Sweeter JM, DeVasure JM, Dickinson JD, Peebles RS, Wyatt TA. Neutralization of IL-33 modifies the type 2 and type 3 inflammatory signature of viral induced asthma exacerbation. Respir Res 2021; 22:206. [PMID: 34266437 PMCID: PMC8281667 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viral infections are one of the leading causes of need for emergency care and hospitalizations in asthmatic individuals, and airway-secreted cytokines are released within hours of viral infection to initiate these exacerbations. IL-33, specifically, contributes to these allergic exacerbations by amplifying type 2 inflammation. We hypothesized that blocking IL-33 in RSV-induced exacerbation would significantly reduce allergic inflammation. Methods Sensitized BALB/c mice were challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) to establish allergic inflammation, followed by RSV-A2 infection to yield four treatment groups: saline only (Saline), RSV-infected alone (RSV), OVA alone (OVA), and OVA-treated with RSV infection (OVA-RSV). Lung outcomes included lung mRNA and protein markers of allergic inflammation, histology for mucus cell metaplasia and lung immune cell influx by cytospin and flow cytometry. Results While thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33 were detected 6 h after RSV infection in the OVA-RSV mice, IL-23 protein was uniquely upregulated in RSV-infected mice alone. OVA-RSV animals varied from RSV- or OVA-treated mice as they had increased lung eosinophils, neutrophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) detectable as early as 6 h after RSV infection. Neutralized IL-33 significantly reduced ILC2 and eosinophils, and the prototypical allergic proteins, IL-5, IL-13, CCL17 and CCL22 in OVA-RSV mice. Numbers of neutrophils and ILC3 were also reduced with anti-IL-33 treatment in both RSV and OVA-RSV treated animals as well. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate a broad reduction in allergic-proinflammatory events mediated by IL-33 neutralization in RSV-induced asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, 26 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. .,VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.
| | - Jill A Poole
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - John D Dickinson
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
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50
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Huang X, Ferris ST, Kim S, Choudhary MNK, Belk JA, Fan C, Qi Y, Sudan R, Xia Y, Desai P, Chen J, Ly N, Shi Q, Bagadia P, Liu T, Guilliams M, Egawa T, Colonna M, Diamond MS, Murphy TL, Satpathy AT, Wang T, Murphy KM. Differential usage of transcriptional repressor Zeb2 enhancers distinguishes adult and embryonic hematopoiesis. Immunity 2021; 54:1417-1432.e7. [PMID: 34004142 PMCID: PMC8282756 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor ZEB2 regulates development of many cell fates among somatic, neural, and hematopoietic lineages, but the basis for its requirement in these diverse lineages is unclear. Here, we identified a 400-basepair (bp) region located 165 kilobases (kb) upstream of the Zeb2 transcriptional start site (TSS) that binds the E proteins at several E-box motifs and was active in hematopoietic lineages. Germline deletion of this 400-bp region (Zeb2Δ-165mice) specifically prevented Zeb2 expression in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived lineages. Zeb2Δ-165 mice lacked development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), monocytes, and B cells. All macrophages in Zeb2Δ-165 mice were exclusively of embryonic origin. Using single-cell chromatin profiling, we identified a second Zeb2 enhancer located at +164-kb that was selectively active in embryonically derived lineages, but not HSC-derived ones. Thus, Zeb2 expression in adult, but not embryonic, hematopoiesis is selectively controlled by the -165-kb Zeb2 enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen T Ferris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mayank N K Choudhary
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Changxu Fan
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nghi Ly
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Oncology, Amgen, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Unit of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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