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Liu J, Huang Y, Liu N, Qiu H, Zhang X, Liu X, He M, Chen M, Huang S. The imbalance of pulmonary Th17/Treg cells in BALB/c suckling mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus-mediated intestinal immune damage and gut microbiota changes. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0328323. [PMID: 38727214 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03283-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is closely related to changes in the composition and function of gastrointestinal microorganisms. However, the specific mechanism remains unknown and the pulmonary-intestinal axis deserves further study. In this study, the mRNA levels of ROR-γt and Foxp3 in the lung and intestine increased first and then decreased. IL-17 and IL-22 reached the maximum on the third day after infection in the lung, and on the second day after infection in the small intestine and colon, respectively. RegⅢγ in intestinal tissue reached the maximum on the third day after RSV infection. Moreover, the genus enriched in the RSV group was Aggregatibacter, and Proteus was reduced. RSV infection not only causes Th17/Treg cell imbalance in the lungs of mice but also leads to the release of excessive IL-22 from the lungs through blood circulation which binds to IL-22 receptors on the intestinal surface, inducing RegⅢγ overexpression, impaired intestinal Th17/Treg development, and altered gut microbiota composition. Our research reveals a significant link between the pulmonary and intestinal axis after RSV infection. IMPORTANCE RSV is the most common pathogen causing acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, but the complex interactions between the immune system and gut microbiota induced by RSV infection still requires further research. In this study, it was suggested that RSV infection in 7-day-old BALB/c suckling mice caused lung inflammation and disruption of Th17/Treg cells development, and altered the composition of gut microbiota through IL-22 induced overexpression of RegⅢγ, leading to intestinal immune injury and disruption of gut microbiota. This research reveals that IL-22 may be the link between the lung and gut. This study may provide a new insight into the intestinal symptoms caused by RSV and other respiratory viruses and the connection between the lung and gut axis, as well as new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of RSV-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Qiu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Maozhang He
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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2
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Özçam M, Lynch SV. The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8. [PMID: 38778224 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this Review, we summarize the most recent data in this field, offering insights into mechanisms of gut-airway crosstalk across spatial and temporal gradients and their relevance for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özçam
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Fernandes KA, Lim AI. Maternal-driven immune education in offspring. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:288-302. [PMID: 38445769 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Maternal environmental exposures, particularly during gestation and lactation, significantly influence the immunological development and long-term immunity of offspring. Mammalian immune systems develop through crucial inputs from the environment, beginning in utero and continuing after birth. These critical developmental windows are essential for proper immune system development and, once closed, may not be reopened. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which maternal exposures, particularly to pathogens, diet, and microbiota, impact offspring immunity. Mechanisms driving maternal-offspring immune crosstalk include transfer of maternal antibodies, changes in the maternal microbiome and microbiota-derived metabolites, and transfer of immune cells and cytokines via the placenta and breastfeeding. We further discuss the role of transient maternal infections, which are common during pregnancy, in providing tissue-specific immune education to offspring. We propose a "maternal-driven immune education" hypothesis, which suggests that offspring can use maternal encounters that occur during a critical developmental window to develop optimal immune fitness against infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Li Y, Ning X, Zhao Z, He X, Xue Q, Zhou M, Li W, Li M. Core fucosylation of maternal milk N-glycans imparts early-life immune tolerance through gut microbiota-dependent regulation in RORγt + Treg cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:4140-4153. [PMID: 38445991 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Milk glycans play key roles in shaping and maintaining a healthy infant gut microbiota. Core fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase (Fut8) is the major glycosylation pattern on human milk N-glycan, which was crucial for promoting the colonization and dominant growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in neonates. However, the influence of core-fucose in breast milk on the establishment of early-life immune tolerance remains poorly characterized. In this study, we found that the deficiency of core-fucose in the milk of maternal mice caused by Fut8 gene heterozygosity (Fut8+/-) resulted in poor immune tolerance towards the ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, accompanied by a reduced proportion of intestinal RORγt+ Treg cells and the abundance of Lactobacillus spp., especially L. reuteri and L. johnsonii, in their breast-fed neonates. The administration of the L. reuteri and L. johnsonii mixture to neonatal mice compromised the OVA-induced allergy and up-regulated the intestinal RORγt+ Treg cell proportions. However, Lactobacillus mixture supplementation did not alleviate allergic responses in RORγt+ Treg cell-deficient mice caused by Rorc gene heterozygosity (Rorc+/-) post OVA challenge, indicating that the intervention effects depend on the RORγt+ Treg cells. Interestingly, instead of L. reuteri and L. johnsonii, we found that the relative abundance of another Lactobacillus spp., L. murinus, in the gut of the offspring mice was significantly promoted by intervention, which showed enhancing effects on the proliferation of splenic and intestinal RORγt+ Treg cells in in vitro studies. The above results indicate that core fucosylation of breast milk N-glycans is beneficial for the establishment of RORγt+ Treg cell mediated early-life immune tolerance through the manipulation of symbiotic bacteria in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xixi Ning
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zihui Zhao
- Pelvic Floor Repair Center, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qidi Xue
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Manlin Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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5
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Xu C, Hao M, Zai X, Song J, Huang Y, Gui S, Chen J. A new perspective on gut-lung axis affected through resident microbiome and their implications on immune response in respiratory diseases. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:107. [PMID: 38368569 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The highly diverse microbial ecosystem of the human body colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has a profound impact on the host's immune, metabolic, endocrine, and other physiological processes, which are all interconnected. Specifically, gut microbiota has been found to play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptation and initiation of immune regulatory response through the gastrointestinal tract affecting the other distal mucosal sites such as lungs. A tightly regulated lung-gut axis during respiratory ailments may influence the various molecular patterns that instructs priming the disease severity to dysregulate the normal function. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current research on gut microbiota dysbiosis in respiratory diseases including asthma, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, COPD during infections and cancer. A complex-interaction among gut microbiome, associated metabolites, cytokines, and chemokines regulates the protective immune response activating the mucosal humoral and cellular response. This potential mechanism bridges the regulation patterns through the gut-lung axis. This paper aims to advance the understanding of the crosstalk of gut-lung microbiome during infection, could lead to strategize to modulate the gut microbiome as a treatment plan to improve bad prognosis in various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqi Hao
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohu Zai
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Song
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
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6
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Sun YL, Zhao PP, Zhu CB, Li XM, Yuan B. Qingfei Formula Protects against Human Respiratory Syn cytial Virus-induced Lung Inflammatory Injury by Regulating the M APK Signaling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:969-983. [PMID: 37605417 PMCID: PMC11165710 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230821121358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Qingfei formula (QF) is an empirical formula that shows good clinical efficacy in treating human respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (RSVP). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study explores the possible pharmacological actions of QF in RSVP treatment. METHODS We used a network pharmacology approach to identify the active ingredients of QF, forecast possible therapeutic targets, and analyze biological processes and pathways. Molecular docking simulation was used to evaluate the binding capability of active ingredients and therapeutic targets. Finally, in vivo experiments confirmed the reliability of network pharmacology-based prediction of underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The study identified 92 potential therapeutic targets and corresponding 131 active ingredients. Enrichment analysis showed that QF downregulated the MAPK signaling pathway and suppressed the inflammatory injury to the lungs induced by the RSV virus. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that the core active ingredients of QF could stably bind to genes associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. QF had a protective effect against pneumonia in RSV-infected mice. The QF group exhibited a significant reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators, interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (CXCL8, IL-8), and P-STAT3, compared to the RSV-induced group. The QF group showed remarkably inhibited MAPK1+3(P-ERK1+2) and MAPK8(P-JNK) protein expression. CONCLUSION The current study showed that QF downregulated the MAPK signaling pathway, which inhibited pulmonary inflammation triggered by RSV infection. This study recommends the appropriate use of QF in the clinical management of RSVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Cheng-Bi Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
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7
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Xu H, Yi X, Cui Z, Li H, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen J, Fan X, Zhou P, Li MJ, Yu Y, Liu Q, Huang D, Yao Z, Zhou J. Maternal antibiotic exposure enhances ILC2 activation in neonates via downregulation of IFN1 signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8332. [PMID: 38097561 PMCID: PMC10721923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota have an important function in shaping and priming neonatal immunity, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain obscure. Here we report that prenatal antibiotic exposure causes significant elevation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in neonatal lungs, in both cell numbers and functionality. Downregulation of type 1 interferon signaling in ILC2s due to diminished production of microbiota-derived butyrate represents the underlying mechanism. Mice lacking butyrate receptor GPR41 (Gpr41-/-) or type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 (Ifnar1-/-) recapitulate the phenotype of neonatal ILC2s upon maternal antibiotic exposure. Furthermore, prenatal antibiotic exposure induces epigenetic changes in ILC2s and has a long-lasting deteriorative effect on allergic airway inflammation in adult offspring. Prenatal supplementation of butyrate ameliorates airway inflammation in adult mice born to antibiotic-exposed dams. These observations demonstrate an essential role for the microbiota in the control of type 2 innate immunity at the neonatal stage, which suggests a therapeutic window for treating asthma in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhaohai Cui
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - JiaLe Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xutong Fan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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8
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Gao S, Wang J. Maternal and infant microbiome: next-generation indicators and targets for intergenerational health and nutrition care. Protein Cell 2023; 14:807-823. [PMID: 37184065 PMCID: PMC10636639 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts, including mothers and babies. From this perspective, the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregnancy and has the potential to be used for perinatal health monitoring. This is embodied in the application of microbiome from multi body sites for auxiliary diagnosis, early prediction, prolonged monitoring, and retrospective diagnosis of pregnancy and infant complications, as well as nutrition management and health products developments of mothers and babies. Here we summarized the progress in these areas and explained that the microbiome of different body sites is sensitive to different diseases and their microbial biomarkers may overlap between each other, thus we need to make a diagnosis prudently for those diseases. Based on the microbiome variances and additional anthropometric and physical data, individualized responses of mothers and neonates to meals and probiotics/prebiotics were predictable, which is of importance for precise nutrition and probiotics/prebiotics managements and developments. Although a great deal of encouraging performance was manifested in previous studies, the efficacy could be further improved by combining multi-aspect data such as multi-omics and time series analysis in the future. This review reconceptualizes maternal and infant health from a microbiome perspective, and the knowledge in it may inspire the development of new options for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes and bring a leap forward in perinatal health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Gao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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9
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Bettag J, Goldenberg D, Carter J, Morfin S, Borsotti A, Fox J, ReVeal M, Natrop D, Gosser D, Kolli S, Jain AK. Gut Microbiota to Microglia: Microbiome Influences Neurodevelopment in the CNS. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1767. [PMID: 38002858 PMCID: PMC10670365 DOI: 10.3390/children10111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The brain is traditionally viewed as an immunologically privileged site; however, there are known to be multiple resident immune cells that influence the CNS environment and are reactive to extra-CNS signaling. Microglia are an important component of this system, which influences early neurodevelopment in addition to modulating inflammation and regenerative responses to injury and infection. Microglia are influenced by gut microbiome-derived metabolites, both as part of their normal function and potentially in pathological patterns that may induce neurodevelopmental disabilities or behavioral changes. This review aims to summarize the mounting evidence indicating that, not only is the Gut-Brain axis mediated by metabolites and microglia throughout an organism's lifetime, but it is also influenced prenatally by maternal microbiome and diet, which holds implications for both early neuropathology and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Bettag
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Daniel Goldenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Jasmine Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Sylvia Morfin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Alison Borsotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - James Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Matthew ReVeal
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Dylan Natrop
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Green Bay, De Pere, WI 54115, USA;
| | - David Gosser
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Sree Kolli
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Ajay K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (D.G.); (J.C.); (S.M.); (A.B.); (J.F.); (M.R.); (D.G.); (S.K.); (A.K.J.)
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhao L, Wu J, Pan Y, Zhao G, Li Z, Zhang L. The Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii on Diseases and Its Potential Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2580. [PMID: 37894238 PMCID: PMC10609197 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus johnsonii has been used as a probiotic for decades to treat a wide range of illnesses, and has been found to have specific advantages in the treatment of a number of ailments. We reviewed the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of L. johnsonii in various diseases based on PubMed and the Web of Science databases. We obtained the information of 149 L. johnsonii from NCBI (as of 14 February 2023), and reviewed their comprehensive metadata, including information about the plasmids they contain. This review provides a basic characterization of different L. johnsonii and some of their potential therapeutic properties for various ailments. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, it is hoped that they may provide some evidence for future studies. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance of the various strains of L. johnsonii is not clear, and more complete and in-depth studies are needed. In summary, L. johnsonii presents significant research potential for the treatment or prevention of disease; however, more proof is required to justify its therapeutic application. An additional study on the antibiotic resistance genes it contains is also needed to reduce the antimicrobial resistance dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lanlan Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yingmiao Pan
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
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11
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Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts a diverse and highly active microbiota composed of bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea, and viruses. Studies of the GIT microbiota date back more than a century, although modern techniques, including mouse models, sequencing technology, and novel therapeutics in humans, have been foundational to our understanding of the roles of commensal microbes in health and disease. Here, we review the impacts of the GIT microbiota on viral infection, both within the GIT and systemically. GIT-associated microbes and their metabolites alter the course of viral infection through a variety of mechanisms, including direct interactions with virions, alteration of the GIT landscape, and extensive regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Mechanistic understanding of the full breadth of interactions between the GIT microbiota and the host is still lacking in many ways but will be vital for the development of novel therapeutics for viral and nonviral diseases alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Rice TA, Konnikova L. Propionate primes the DC pump in neonates. Immunity 2023; 56:903-905. [PMID: 37163990 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The protective benefits of breastmilk are well-appreciated, yet lack mechanistic detail. In this issue of Immunity, Sikder et al. reveal how breastmilk-microbiota-derived propionate induces Flt3L expression, dendritic cell maturation, regulatory T cell recruitment, and antiviral immunity in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Rice
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program of Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program of Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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13
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Wang W, Weng Y, Luo T, Wang Q, Yang G, Jin Y. Antimicrobial and the Resistances in the Environment: Ecological and Health Risks, Influencing Factors, and Mitigation Strategies. TOXICS 2023; 11:185. [PMID: 36851059 PMCID: PMC9965714 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial contamination and antimicrobial resistance have become global environmental and health problems. A large number of antimicrobials are used in medical and animal husbandry, leading to the continuous release of residual antimicrobials into the environment. It not only causes ecological harm, but also promotes the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The role of environmental factors in antimicrobial contamination and the spread of antimicrobial resistance is often overlooked. There are a large number of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes in human beings, which increases the likelihood that pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance, and also adds opportunities for human contact with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. In this paper, we review the fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in the environment, including the occurrence, spread, and impact on ecological and human health. More importantly, this review emphasizes a number of environmental factors that can exacerbate antimicrobial contamination and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In the future, the timely removal of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in the environment will be more effective in alleviating antimicrobial contamination and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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14
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Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus johnsonii MR1, Isolated from a BALB/c Mouse Cecum. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0107822. [PMID: 36511660 PMCID: PMC9872695 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01078-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus johnsonii strain MR1, which was isolated from the cecum of a BALB/cJ mouse in an airway allergy model, can decrease allergic airway inflammation in the model upon oral administration. Long-read sequencing of this isolate, which was performed using a MinION sequencer, yielded a single, closed genome of 1,953,837 bp, with a GC content of 34.67%.
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15
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Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M, Saha P. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020294. [PMID: 36830830 PMCID: PMC9953403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most recent research advancements in the gut microbiota-immune axis. We discuss in detail how the gut microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune development as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such as maternal imprinting, in utero intestinal metabolome, and weaning reaction. We describe how the gut microbiota shapes both innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the metabolites short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. We also comprehensively delineate how disruption in the microbiota-immune axis results in immune-mediated diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension), autoimmunity (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity (e.g., asthma and allergies), psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety), and cancer (e.g., colorectal and hepatic). We further encompass the role of fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary polyphenols in reshaping the gut microbiota and their therapeutic potential. Continuing, we examine how the gut microbiota modulates immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapies. We lastly mention the current challenges in metagenomics, germ-free models, and microbiota recapitulation to a achieve fundamental understanding for how gut microbiota regulates immunity. Altogether, this review proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from the perspective of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Campbell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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de Souza APD, Singanayagam A, Porto BN. Editorial: Role of lung and gut microbiota in the immune response against respiratory viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1114581. [PMID: 36700207 PMCID: PMC9869252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and experimental Immunology, School of Health and Life Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,*Correspondence: Ana Paula Duarte de Souza, ; Bárbara Nery Porto, ; Aran Singanayagam,
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ana Paula Duarte de Souza, ; Bárbara Nery Porto, ; Aran Singanayagam,
| | - Bárbara Nery Porto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,*Correspondence: Ana Paula Duarte de Souza, ; Bárbara Nery Porto, ; Aran Singanayagam,
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17
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Huang YJ, Porsche C, Kozik AJ, Lynch SV. Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Allergy and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2244-2251. [PMID: 35724951 PMCID: PMC10566566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota has been established as a key regulator of host health, in large part owing to its constant interaction with and impact on host immunity. A range of environmental exposures spanning from the prenatal period through adulthood are known to affect the composition and molecular productivity of microbiomes across mucosal and dermal tissues with short- and long-term consequences for host immune function. Here we review recent findings in the field that provide insights into how microbial-immune interactions promote and sustain immune dysfunction associated with allergy and asthma. We consider both early life microbiome perturbation and the molecular underpinnings of immune dysfunction associated with subsequent allergy and asthma development in childhood, as well as microbiome features that relate to phenotypic attributes of allergy and asthma in older patients with established disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Cara Porsche
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Ariangela J Kozik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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18
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Kozik AJ, Holguin F, Segal LN, Chatila TA, Dixon AE, Gern JE, Lozupone C, Lukacs N, Lumeng C, Molyneaux PL, Reisdorph N, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Togias A, Huang YJ. Microbiome, Metabolism, and Immunoregulation of Asthma: An American Thoracic Society and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:155-163. [PMID: 35914321 PMCID: PMC9348558 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0216st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents the proceedings from a workshop titled "Microbiome, Metabolism and Immunoregulation of Asthma" that was held virtually May 13 and 14, 2021. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the American Thoracic Society (Assembly on Allergy, Immunology, and Inflammation) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. It convened an interdisciplinary group of experts with backgrounds in asthma immunology, microbiome science, metabolomics, computational biology, and translational pulmonary research. The main purpose was to identify key scientific gaps and needs to further advance research on microbial and metabolic mechanisms that may contribute to variable immune responses and disease heterogeneity in asthma. Discussions were structured around several topics, including 1) immune and microbial mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis in murine models, 2) the role of microbes in pediatric asthma exacerbations, 3) dysregulated metabolic pathways in asthma associated with obesity, 4) metabolism effects on macrophage function in adipose tissue and the lungs, 5) computational approaches to dissect microbiome-metabolite links, and 6) potential confounders of microbiome-disease associations in human studies. This report summarizes the major points of discussion, which included identification of specific knowledge gaps, challenges, and suggested directions for future research. These include questions surrounding mechanisms by which microbiota and metabolites shape host health versus an allergic or asthmatic state; direct and indirect influences of other biological factors, exposures, and comorbidities on these interactions; and ongoing technical and analytical gaps for clinical translation.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Florian Fricke
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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20
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Rossi GA, Ballarini S, Salvati P, Sacco O, Colin AA. Alarmins and innate lymphoid cells 2 activation: A common pathogenetic link connecting respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and later wheezing/asthma? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13803. [PMID: 35754131 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infancy is associated with increased risk of recurrent wheezing in childhood. Both acute and long-term alterations in airway functions are thought to be related to inefficient antiviral immune response. The airway epithelium, the first target of RSV, normally acts as an immunological barrier able to elicit an effective immune reaction but may also be programmed to directly promote a Th2 response, independently from Th2 lymphocyte involvement. Recognition of RSV transcripts and viral replication intermediates by bronchial epithelial cells brings about release of TSLP, IL-33, HMGB1, and IL-25, dubbed "alarmins." These epithelial cell-derived proteins are particularly effective in stimulating innate lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2) to release IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. ILC2, reflect the innate counterparts of Th2 cells and, when activate, are potent promoters of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in RSV bronchiolitis and childhood wheezing/asthma. Long-term epithelial progenitors or persistent epigenetic modifications of the airway epithelium following RSV infection may play a pathogenetic role in the short- and long-term increased susceptibility to obstructive lung diseases in response to RSV in the young. Additionally, ILC2 function may be further regulated by RSV-induced changes in gut microbiota community composition that can be associated with disease severity in infants. A better understanding of the alarmin-ILC interactions in childhood might provide insights into the mechanisms characterizing these immune-mediated diseases and indicate new targets for prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, G. Gaslini institute and University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Ballarini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Immunometabolism, Immunogenetics and Translational Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvati
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, G. Gaslini institute and University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Oliviero Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, G. Gaslini institute and University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrew A Colin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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21
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From germ-free to wild: modulating microbiome complexity to understand mucosal immunology. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1085-1094. [PMID: 36065057 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences host responses at practically every level, and as research into host-microbe interactions expands, it is not surprising that we are uncovering similar roles for the microbiota at other barrier sites, such as the lung and skin. Using standard laboratory mice to assess host-microbe interactions, or even host intrinsic responses, can be challenging, as slight variations in the microbiota can affect experimental outcomes. When it comes to designing and selecting an appropriate level of microbial diversity and community structure for colonization of our laboratory rodents, we have more choices available to us than ever before. Here we will discuss the different approaches used to modulate microbial complexity that are available to study host-microbe interactions. We will describe how different models have been used to answer distinct biological questions, covering the entire microbial spectrum, from germ-free to wild.
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22
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Du T, Lei A, Zhang N, Zhu C. The Beneficial Role of Probiotic Lactobacillus in Respiratory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908010. [PMID: 35711436 PMCID: PMC9194447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases cause a high incidence and mortality worldwide. As a natural immunobiotic, Lactobacillus has excellent immunomodulatory ability. Administration of some Lactobacillus species can alleviate the symptoms of respiratory diseases such as respiratory tract infections, asthma, lung cancer and cystic fibrosis in animal studies and clinical trials. The beneficial effect of Lactobacillus on the respiratory tract is strain dependent. Moreover, the efficacy of Lactobacillus may be affected by many factors, such as bacteria dose, timing and host background. Here, we summarized the beneficial effect of administered Lactobacillus on common respiratory diseases with a focus on the mechanism and safety of Lactobacillus in regulating respiratory immunity.
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23
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Yagi K, Asai N, Huffnagle GB, Lukacs NW, Fonseca W. Early-Life Lung and Gut Microbiota Development and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877771. [PMID: 35444639 PMCID: PMC9013880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several environmental factors can influence the development and establishment of the early-life microbiota. For example, exposure to different environmental factors from birth to childhood will shape the lung and gut microbiota and the development of the immune system, which will impact respiratory tract infection and widespread disease occurrence during infancy and later in life. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects most infants by the age of two and is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in children worldwide. Approximately a third of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis develop asthma later in life. However, it is unclear what factors increase susceptibility to severe RSV-bronchiolitis and the subsequent asthma development. In recent years, the role of the gut and lung microbiota in airway diseases has received increased interest, and more studies have focused on this field. Different epidemiological studies and experimental animal models have associated early-life gut microbiota dysbiosis with an increased risk of lung disease later in life. This work will review published evidence that correlated environmental factors that affect the early-life microbiota composition and their role in developing severe RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yagi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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24
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Dauby N, Flamand V. From maternal breath to infant's cells: Impact of maternal respiratory infections on infants 'immune responses. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1046100. [PMID: 36419921 PMCID: PMC9676445 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1046100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero exposure to maternally-derived antigens following chronic infection is associated with modulation of infants 'immune response, differential susceptibility to post-natal infections and immune response toward vaccines. The maternal environment, both internal (microbiota) and external (exposure to environmental microbes) also modulates infant's immune response but also the clinical phenotype after birth. Vertical transmission of ubiquitous respiratory pathogens such as influenza and COVID-19 is uncommon. Evidence suggest that in utero exposure to maternal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections may have a significant impact on the developing immune system with activation of both innate and adaptive responses, possibly related to placental inflammation. Here in, we review how maternal respiratory infections, associated with airway, systemic and placental inflammation but also changes in maternal microbiota might impact infant's immune responses after birth. The clinical impact of immune modifications observed following maternal respiratory infections remains unexplored. Given the high frequencies of respiratory infections during pregnancy (COVID-19, influenza but also RSV and HMPV), the impact on global child health could be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dauby
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.,School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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