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Pearce L, Meizoso-Huesca A, Seng C, Lamboley CR, Singh DP, Launikonis BS. Ryanodine receptor activity and store-operated Ca 2+ entry: Critical regulators of Ca 2+ content and function in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2023; 601:4183-4202. [PMID: 35218018 DOI: 10.1113/jp279512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is critical to cell function. In skeletal muscle, SOCE has evolved alongside excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling); as a result, it displays unique properties compared to SOCE in other cells. The plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is mostly internalized as the tubular system, with the tubules meeting the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) terminal cisternae, forming junctions where the proteins that regulate EC coupling and SOCE are positioned. In this review, we describe the properties and roles of SOCE based on direct measurements of Ca2+ influx during SR Ca2+ release and leak. SOCE is activated immediately and locally as the [Ca2+ ] of the junctional SR terminal cisternae ([Ca2+ ]jSR ) depletes. [Ca2+ ]jSR changes rapidly and steeply with increasing activity of the SR ryanodine receptor isoform 1 (RyR1). The high fidelity of [Ca2+ ]jSR with RyR1 activity probably depends on the SR Ca2+ -buffer calsequestrin that is located immediately behind RyR1 inside the SR. This arrangement provides in-phase activation and deactivation of SOCE with a large dynamic range, allowing precise grading of SOCE flux. The in-phase activation of SOCE as the SR partially depletes traps Ca2+ in the cytoplasm, preventing net Ca2+ loss. Mild presentation of RyR1 leak can occur under physiological conditions, providing fibre Ca2+ redistribution without changing fibre Ca2+ content. This condition preserves normal contractile function at the same time as increasing basal metabolic rate. However, higher RyR1 leak drives excess cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ load, setting a deleterious intracellular environment that compromises the function of the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Pearce
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aldo Meizoso-Huesca
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Crystal Seng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cedric R Lamboley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel P Singh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Tsujikawa S, DeMeulenaere KE, Centeno MV, Ghazisaeidi S, Martin ME, Tapies MR, Maneshi MM, Yamashita M, Stauderman KA, Apkarian AV, Salter MW, Prakriya M. Regulation of neuropathic pain by microglial Orai1 channels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7002. [PMID: 36706180 PMCID: PMC9883051 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are important mediators of neuroinflammation, which underlies neuropathic pain. However, the molecular checkpoints controlling microglial reactivity are not well-understood. Here, we investigated the role of Orai1 channels for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following nerve injury and find that deletion of Orai1 in microglia attenuates Ca2+ signaling and the production of inflammatory cytokines by proalgesic agonists. Conditional deletion of Orai1 attenuated microglial proliferation in the dorsal horn, spinal cytokine levels, and potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission following peripheral nerve injury. These cellular effects were accompanied by mitigation of pain hyperalgesia in microglial Orai1 knockout mice. A small-molecule Orai1 inhibitor, CM4620, similarly mitigated allodynia in male mice. Unexpectedly, these protective effects were not seen in female mice, revealing sexual dimorphism in Orai1 regulation of microglial reactivity and hyperalgesia. Together, these findings indicate that Orai1 channels are key regulators of the sexually dimorphic role of microglia for the neuroinflammation that underlies neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. DeMeulenaere
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria V. Centeno
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Megan E. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martinna R. Tapies
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Maneshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Apkar V. Apkarian
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Wei-LaPierre L, Groom L, Dirksen RT. Acute exposure to extracellular BTP2 does not inhibit Ca2+ release during EC coupling in intact skeletal muscle fibers. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:212915. [PMID: 34910094 PMCID: PMC8679509 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) BTP2 was reported to inhibit ryanodine receptor Ca2+ leak and electrically evoked Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when introduced into mechanically skinned muscle fibers. However, it is unclear how effects of intracellular application of a highly lipophilic drug like BTP2 on Ca2+ release during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling compare with extracellular exposure in intact muscle fibers. Here, we address this question by quantifying the effect of short- and long-term exposure to 10 and 20 µM BTP2 on the magnitude and kinetics of electrically evoked Ca2+ release in intact mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers. Our results demonstrate that neither the magnitude nor the kinetics of electrically evoked Ca2+ release evoked during repetitive electrical stimulation were altered by brief exposure (2 min) to either BTP2 concentration. However, BTP2 did reduce the magnitude of electrically evoked Ca2+ release in intact fibers when applied extracellularly for a prolonged period of time (30 min at 10 µM or 10 min at 20 µM), consistent with slow diffusion of the lipophilic drug across the plasma membrane. Together, these results indicate that the time course and impact of BTP2 on Ca2+ release during EC coupling in skeletal muscle depends strongly on whether the drug is applied intracellularly or extracellularly. Further, these results demonstrate that electrically evoked Ca2+ release in intact muscle fibers is unaltered by extracellular application of 10 µM BTP2 for <25 min, validating this use to assess the role of SOCE in the absence of an effect on EC coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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4
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Bolaños P, Calderón JC. Excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle: Blending old and last-decade research. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989796. [PMID: 36117698 PMCID: PMC9478590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) in skeletal muscle refers to the Ca2+-mediated link between the membrane excitation and the mechanical contraction. The initiation and propagation of an action potential through the membranous system of the sarcolemma and the tubular network lead to the activation of the Ca2+-release units (CRU): tightly coupled dihydropyridine and ryanodine (RyR) receptors. The RyR gating allows a rapid, massive, and highly regulated release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The release from triadic places generates a sarcomeric gradient of Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) depending on the distance of a subcellular region from the CRU. Upon release, the diffusing Ca2+ has multiple fates: binds to troponin C thus activating the contractile machinery, binds to classical sarcoplasmic Ca2+ buffers such as parvalbumin, adenosine triphosphate and, experimentally, fluorescent dyes, enters the mitochondria and the SR, or is recycled through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanisms. To commemorate the 7th decade after being coined, we comprehensively and critically reviewed “old”, historical landmarks and well-established concepts, and blended them with recent advances to have a complete, quantitative-focused landscape of the ECC. We discuss the: 1) elucidation of the CRU structures at near-atomic resolution and its implications for functional coupling; 2) reliable quantification of peak sarcoplasmic [Ca2+] using fast, low affinity Ca2+ dyes and the relative contributions of the Ca2+-binding mechanisms to the whole concert of Ca2+ fluxes inside the fibre; 3) articulation of this novel quantitative information with the unveiled structural details of the molecular machinery involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ handing to understand how and how much Ca2+ enters the mitochondria; 4) presence of the SOCE machinery and its different modes of activation, which awaits understanding of its magnitude and relevance in situ; 5) pharmacology of the ECC, and 6) emerging topics such as the use and potential applications of super-resolution and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in ECC. Blending the old with the new works better!
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Bolaños
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan C. Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Calderón,
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Dirksen RT, Eisner DA, Ríos E, Sipido KR. Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213414. [PMID: 35984377 PMCID: PMC9396671 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - David A. Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eduardo Ríos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | - Karin R. Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Xue Y, Zhou S, Xie W, Meng M, Ma N, Zhang H, Wang Y, Chang G, Shen X. STIM1–Orai1 Interaction Exacerbates LPS-Induced Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Bovine Hepatocytes through Store-Operated Calcium Entry. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050874. [PMID: 35627260 PMCID: PMC9140735 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The basic mechanism of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in bovine hepatocytes (BHEC) is related to the activation of STIM1 and Orai1. The effect of STIM1- and Orai1-dependent calcium ion signaling on the NF-κB signaling pathway is unclear. (2) Methods: In this study, the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 in BHEC was regulated. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and an immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay were performed to elucidate the effect of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in BHEC. (3) Results: First of all, in this study, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the levels of IκB, NF-κB, and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and the expression of genes and proteins related to ERS (PERK, IRE1, ATF6, GRP78, and CHOP), which reached peak levels simultaneously when BHEC were treated with 16 μg/mL LPS for 1 h. For STIM1, we overexpressed STIM1 in BHEC by using plasmid transfection technology. The results showed that after overexpression of STIM1, the gene and protein expression of STIM1 levels were significantly upregulated, and the expression of Orai1 on the cell membrane was also upregulated, which directly activated the SOCE channel and induced inflammation and ERS in BHEC. The overexpression group was then treated with LPS, and it was found that the overexpression of STIM1 could enhance LPS-induced BHEC inflammation and ERS in BHEC. For Orai1, BHEC were pretreated with 8 μg/mL of the specific inhibitor BTP2 for 6 h. It was found that BTP2 could inhibit the expression of mRNA in Orai1, significantly reduce the gene expression of STIM1, inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and alleviate inflammation and ERS in BHEC under LPS stimulation. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, STIM1/Orai1 can intervene and exacerbate LPS-induced inflammation and ERS in bovine hepatocytes through SOCE.
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Barclay CJ, Launikonis BS. A mathematical model to quantify RYR Ca2+ leak and associated heat production in resting human skeletal muscle fibers. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213077. [PMID: 35311921 PMCID: PMC9037342 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycling of Ca2+ between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and myoplasm is an important component of skeletal muscle resting metabolism. As part of this cycle, Ca2+ leaks from the SR into the myoplasm and is pumped back into the SR using ATP, which leads to the consumption of O2 and generation of heat. Ca2+ may leak through release channels or ryanodine receptors (RYRs). RYR Ca2+ leak can be monitored in a skinned fiber preparation in which leaked Ca2+ is pumped into the t-system and measured with a fluorescent dye. However, accurate quantification faces a number of hurdles. To overcome them, we developed a mathematical model of Ca2+ movement in these preparations. The model incorporated Ca2+ pumps that move Ca2+ from the myoplasm to the SR and from the junctional space (JS) to the t-system, Ca2+ buffering by EGTA in the JS and myoplasm and by buffers in the SR, and Ca2+ leaks from the SR into the JS and myoplasm and from the t-system into the myoplasm. The model accurately simulated Ca2+ uptake into the t-system, the relationship between myoplasmic [Ca2+] and steady-state t-system [Ca2+], and the effect of blocking RYR Ca2+ leak on t-system Ca2+ uptake. The magnitude of the leak through the RYRs would contribute ∼5% of the resting heat production of human muscle. In normal resting fibers, RYR Ca2+ leak makes a small contribution to resting metabolism. RYR-focused pathologies have the potential to increase RYR Ca2+ leak and the RYR leak component of resting metabolism.
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Alteration of STIM1/Orai1-Mediated SOCE in Skeletal Muscle: Impact in Genetic Muscle Diseases and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102722. [PMID: 34685702 PMCID: PMC8534495 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ ions represent a signaling mediator that plays a critical role in regulating different muscular cellular processes. Ca2+ homeostasis preservation is essential for maintaining skeletal muscle structure and function. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a Ca2+-entry process activated by depletion of intracellular stores contributing to the regulation of various function in many cell types, is pivotal to ensure a proper Ca2+ homeostasis in muscle fibers. It is coordinated by STIM1, the main Ca2+ sensor located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and ORAI1 protein, a Ca2+-permeable channel located on transverse tubules. It is commonly accepted that Ca2+ entry via SOCE has the crucial role in short- and long-term muscle function, regulating and adapting many cellular processes including muscle contractility, postnatal development, myofiber phenotype and plasticity. Lack or mutations of STIM1 and/or Orai1 and the consequent SOCE alteration have been associated with serious consequences for muscle function. Importantly, evidence suggests that SOCE alteration can trigger a change of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in skeletal muscle, participating in the pathogenesis of different progressive muscle diseases such as tubular aggregate myopathy, muscular dystrophy, cachexia, and sarcopenia. This review provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying STIM1/Orai1-dependent SOCE in skeletal muscle, focusing on how SOCE alteration could contribute to skeletal muscle wasting disorders and on how SOCE components could represent pharmacological targets with high therapeutic potential.
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9
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Lilliu E, Koenig S, Koenig X, Frieden M. Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Skeletal Muscle: What Makes It Different? Cells 2021; 10:cells10092356. [PMID: 34572005 PMCID: PMC8468011 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regarding its localization, kinetics, and regulation is mostly derived from studies performed in non-excitable cells. After a long time of relative disinterest in skeletal muscle SOCE, this mechanism is now recognized as an essential contributor to muscle physiology, as highlighted by the muscle pathologies that are associated with mutations in the SOCE molecules STIM1 and Orai1. This review mainly focuses on the peculiar aspects of skeletal muscle SOCE that differentiate it from its counterpart found in non-excitable cells. This includes questions about SOCE localization and the movement of respective proteins in the highly organized skeletal muscle fibers, as well as the diversity of expressed STIM isoforms and their differential expression between muscle fiber types. The emerging evidence of a phasic SOCE, which is activated during EC coupling, and its physiological implication is described as well. The specific issues related to the use of SOCE modulators in skeletal muscles are discussed. This review highlights the complexity of SOCE activation and its regulation in skeletal muscle, with an emphasis on the most recent findings and the aim to reach a current picture of this mesmerizing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lilliu
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stéphane Koenig
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (M.F.)
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Conte E, Pannunzio A, Imbrici P, Camerino GM, Maggi L, Mora M, Gibertini S, Cappellari O, De Luca A, Coluccia M, Liantonio A. Gain-of-Function STIM1 L96V Mutation Causes Myogenesis Alteration in Muscle Cells From a Patient Affected by Tubular Aggregate Myopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635063. [PMID: 33718371 PMCID: PMC7952532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular Aggregate Myopathy (TAM) is a hereditary ultra-rare muscle disorder characterized by muscle weakness and cramps or myasthenic features. Biopsies from TAM patients show the presence of tubular aggregates originated from sarcoplasmic reticulum due to altered Ca2+ homeostasis. TAM is caused by gain-of-function mutations in STIM1 or ORAI1, proteins responsible for Store-Operated-Calcium-Entry (SOCE), a pivotal mechanism in Ca2+ signaling. So far there is no cure for TAM and the mechanisms through which STIM1 or ORAI1 gene mutation lead to muscle dysfunction remain to be clarified. It has been established that post-natal myogenesis critically relies on Ca2+ influx through SOCE. To explore how Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation associated with TAM impacts on muscle differentiation cascade, we here performed a functional characterization of myoblasts and myotubes deriving from patients carrying STIM1 L96V mutation by using fura-2 cytofluorimetry, high content imaging and real-time PCR. We demonstrated a higher resting Ca2+ concentration and an increased SOCE in STIM1 mutant compared with control, together with a compensatory down-regulation of genes involved in Ca2+ handling (RyR1, Atp2a1, Trpc1). Differentiating STIM1 L96V myoblasts persisted in a mononuclear state and the fewer multinucleated myotubes had distinct morphology and geometry of mitochondrial network compared to controls, indicating a defect in the late differentiation phase. The alteration in myogenic pathway was confirmed by gene expression analysis regarding early (Myf5, Mef2D) and late (DMD, Tnnt3) differentiation markers together with mitochondrial markers (IDH3A, OGDH). We provided evidences of mechanisms responsible for a defective myogenesis associated to TAM mutant and validated a reliable cellular model usefull for TAM preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gibertini
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Coluccia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Balderas-Villalobos J, Steele TWE, Eltit JM. Physiological and Pathological Relevance of Selective and Nonselective Ca 2+ Channels in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:225-247. [PMID: 35138617 PMCID: PMC10683374 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Contraction of the striated muscle is fundamental for human existence. The action of voluntary skeletal muscle enables activities such as breathing, establishing body posture, and diverse body movements. Additionally, highly precise motion empowers communication, artistic expression, and other activities that define everyday human life. The involuntary contraction of striated muscle is the core function of the heart and is essential for blood flow. Several ion channels are important in the transduction of action potentials to cytosolic Ca2+ signals that enable muscle contraction; however, other ion channels are involved in the progression of muscle pathologies that can impair normal life or threaten it. This chapter describes types of selective and nonselective Ca2+ permeable ion channels expressed in the striated muscle, their participation in different aspects of muscle excitation and contraction, and their relevance to the progression of some pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Balderas-Villalobos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tyler W E Steele
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jose M Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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